Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola...

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Transcript of Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola...

Page 1: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA
Page 2: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA

Production is smaller-holder, subsistence, & fragmented System is complex Rudimentary technologies and low use of inputs Lacks economy of scale

large post-harvest losses & unreliable supply uneven product quality & low producer prices costly marketing structure

What do we know?

Page 3: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA

Landholder development trajectory

Meet subsistence needs

Subsistence

Commercial use

Page 4: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA

CASSAVA AS A POTENTIAL BIOENERGY CROP

OPPORTUNITIES FOR CASSAVA TO BE COMPETITIVE FOR BIO-FUEL:

HIGH DRY YIELD POTENTIALS,

DROUGHT TOLERANCE,

ADAPTATION TO LOW SOIL FERTILITY BUT HIGHER YIELDS IN GOOD SOILS

FLEXIBILITY IN PLANTATION AND HARVEST PERIODS

HIGHLY COMPETITIVE FOR STARCH PRODUCTION;

Page 5: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA

CASSAVA AS A POTENTIAL BIOENERGY CROP

CONSTRAINTS OF INDUSTRIAL CASSAVA PRODUCTIONPERISHABILITY OF ROOTS AFTER HARVEST HIGH COST OF PRODUCTION (MAINLY WITH SMALL SCALE FARMERS) GERMPLASM: LOW YIELDING LOCAL VARIETIES, SUSCEPTIBLE TO DIVERSE BIOLOGICAL STRESSES STILL USED BY MANY FARMERS LOW USE OF FERTILIZER AND INPUT INADEQUATE CULTURAL PRACTICES, LOW INVESTMENT IN COMMERCIAL CASSAVA PLANTATIONS. LOW QUALITY PLANTING MATERIALS

Page 6: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA

YIELD GAPS DUE MAINLY TO THE

USE OF INADEQUATE

CULTURAL PRACTICES IN

AFRICA

CASSAVA AS A POTENTIAL BIOENERGY CROP

Page 7: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA

How should cassava production be competitive?

CASSAVA AS A POTENTIAL BIOENERGY CROP

Page 8: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA

Production

Price

Production

AVOIDING the SEESAW

Higher volume Lower Price

Low volume High PriceK

g pe

r pe

rson

19741978 1982 1986 199019941994 1998 2002 2004

Production (Supply)Food (Demand)

The glut challenge

Page 9: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA

CASSAVA AS A POTENTIAL BIOENERGY CROP

CONSTRAINTS OF INDUSTRIAL CASSAVA PRODUCTION

WEAK LINKS BETWEEN CASSAVA PRODUCERS AND EMERGING PROCESSORS UNRELIABLE SUPPLY HIGH COST OF TRANSPORTATION

NEED TO STRENGTHEN THE COMMODITY CHAIN APPROACH

Page 10: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA

APPLYING

THE

SCIENCE

Page 11: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA

HOW TO OVERCOME THE CHALLENGES?

(1) INTENSIFY THE USE OF HIGH YIELDING VARIETIES WITH HIGH STARCH CONTENT, RESISTANT TO VARIOUS BIOTIC STRESSES

(2) MAKE AVAILABLE TO FARMERS CASSAVA VARIETIES WITH:(1) EARLY BULKING BUT WITH STABLE DRY YIELD

ABOVE 12 MAP FOR EXTENDED HARVESTS(2) HIGH FERTILIZER USE EFFICIENCY,(3) DELAYED PPD(4) SUITABLE TO VARIOUS WEED MANAGEMENT

(3) ENHANCE CULTURAL PRACTICES FOR IMPROVED SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT

Page 12: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA

Reduction of production costs

Mechanization

NO HEAVY MACHINERY IN FRAGILE SOILS

PROMOTION OF LIGHT MACHINERY SUCH THE RUGGED POWER TILLER AND ACCESSORIES

Cost Reduction EffectsCost Reduction Effects

Manual planting: 1ha/day (12 persons)Manual planting: 1ha/day (12 persons)

1 ha/hour /3 persons26

21.2 17.5

25.429.4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Traditionalsystem

Improvedvarieties

Mechanizedplanting

Mechanizedplanting andharvesting

Mechanizedplanting

&harvesting&improved

varieties

US

$/t

on

100% 13.6% 11.6% 27.9% 40.5%

Page 13: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA

Investing in the provision of feedstock production support services

Public & Private Extension services; NGOs, FFS

Production & supplies of Improved planting materials & other inputs …

Contract Farm mechanization services

Page 14: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA

HOW TO OVERCOME THE CHALLENGES?3. Enhance cultural practices that can improve

soil fertility through the use of mineral and organic fertilizers

•Green manures can be used to

improve the soil

•Crop rotation, agro forestry and

improved fallows with legumes can

also help to improve soil fertility

Page 15: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA

HOW TO OVERCOME THE CHALLENGES?

.USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZER: AVERAGE NUTRIENT REMOVAL BY

CASSAVA SIMILAR TO OTHER MAJOR CROPS IF PLANT TOPS ARE RETURNED

TO SOILS EXC. POTASSIUM.

NEEDS TO SUPPLEMENT WITH FERTILIZERS TO SUSTAIN SOIL FERTILITY AND ROOT PRODUCTION PENDING ON SOILS TYPES

Page 16: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA

HOW TO OVERCOME THE CHALLENGES?

HEAVY RAINS AND SOIL EROSION IN NEW CASSAVA FIELDS

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HOW TO OVERCOME THE CHALLENGES?

Other practices to consider:

GOOD LAND PREPARATION

ADEQUATE PLANTING DATES

PLANT POPULATION

PROPER WEEDING

PHYTOSANITARY CONTROL

ADEQUATE HARVEST DATES

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NPACI support to biofuel

• COLLECTIVE ACTION BY FARMERS AND FARMERS’ ASSOCIATIONS FOR INCOME GENERATION– Support for mechanization (field

operations and post-harvest processing)– Assembly point for produce collection

Page 19: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA

Environmental protection:

VAST MONOCULTURE PLANTATIONS CAN DEVASTATE THE FRAGILE ECOSYSTEMS AND BRING UNTOLD SOCIAL DAMAGE

LARGE IRRIGATED PLANTATIONS DEPLETE UNDERGROUND WATER RESOURCES, IN TIMES OF INCREASED DROUGHT AND LACK OF RAIN DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE

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FOOD CROP for subsistence: WOMEN

CASH CROP: MEN

GENDER ISSUEGENDER ISSUE

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Capacity building: GENDER CONSIDERATIONS ARE

ESSENTIAL AS WOMEN'S GROUPS CAN PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE IN PLANTATION AND HARVEST OF CASSAVA

TRAINING OF FARMERS FOR FEEDSTOCK CULTIVATION

BUILD CAPACITY IN TECHNICAL, MANAGERIAL AND FINANCIAL SKILLS

CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE (NATIONAL, REGIONAL, CG,ETC) TO PROMOTE BEST PRACTICES

Page 22: Session 4.3 Making Cassava Cultivation Sustainable and competitive for ethanol production by Nzola Mathungu, NEPAD and IITA

Upscaling Some R4D applications

Industrialists and entrepreneurs often shy away from using cassava in their applications because of the absence of a local example to follow and the uncertainty of success.

Investment with no value chain analysis

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The Future?

• GxE : Invest on the E (AEZ + Mgmt + Policy)

• Bio-fuel (ethanol) efficient varieties development

• Tissue culture facilities in Africa• Efficient investment models for ethanol

production plants

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