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The contribution of sport within the processof peace and reconciliation.

From trauma healing toward social integrationCase study: The impact of sports in RiftValley-Kenya, after post election violence

Power of Sport Summit - 9-12 June 2010BORSANI SERENA

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! Conflict transformationand sport: 3R’s theory

! Sport and reconciliation! Why - benefits! How - process! What - resilience, rebuilding

relationships, social change

! Case study: Kenya PEV! From the field! Survey on Child Friendly

Space

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CONFLICTSCHOOLS OF THOUGH

CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION:! based on the basic human needs theory,

unless you satisfy all these needsconflicts will erupt.

! transformation of norms, society andsocial relationship more in general, inorder to satisfy all those needs aiming atreaching peace and stability.

! it’s also a peace-building approach! Galtung 3R’s theory

CONFLICT PREVENTION! is for conflict not to happen! attempts to tackle the erupting conflict

through early warning signs.

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT

CONFLICT MITIGATION

CONFLICTRESOLUTION

differentschools

ofthought

Conflict transformation and sport

GALTUNG 3Rs THEORY! Reconstruction of people

and places,! Reconciliation of

relationships,! and Resolution of issues

and animosities. If you do only one of these three

without the other two you will noteven get that one’

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3R AFTER

VIOLENCE

FEATURES CONTRIBUTION OF SPORT

RESOLUTION

Of the underlying,

root conflict

HOLISTIC APPROACH, WIDE AND COMPREHENSIVE The time to start is always and the time to end is never.

• Building relationships • Creating favourable condition for peaceful

solution • Increasing possibilities of success through

building relationship

RECONCILIATION

Of the parties

CLOSURE+HEALING Establish reasonable working relations (TRUST AND JUSTICE) FORGIVENESS

• Mental and physical rehabilitation, trauma healing • Building relationships • Helping people to break the vicious circle of

hate and revenge

REHABILITATION Healing of trauma

• Healing trauma and building relationships among “others” projects

REBUILDING Physically repairing or making new building

• Building Sport infrastructure

RECULTURATION introducing practical conflict knowledge and skills

• Bridge to approach youth involved in sport activities encouraging them to attend training about HR and conflict knowledge

RECONSTRUCTION

After the violence RESTRUCTURATION Democratization Eliminating social exclusion strengthening the local community

Building relationship facilitating social inclusion

Conflict transformation and sport

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SPORT IN RECONCILIATIONWHAT

RECONCILIATION it’s a long process of social change, ofrebuilding relationships, of finding a way to live withhope for a peaceful future, of forgiveness andachievement of justice.

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SPORT IN RECONCILIATION - HOW

Sport its self is not good or bad, it is just anempty and neutral box to be filled in and atool to be used with values, ideas, meaning,dependent on the cultural context in whichtakes place and people who take part

EmptyBox

value

ideas

meaning

context

process

Peer educators

INGREDIENTS

TOOL

BEST

PRACTICE

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EXAMPLE OF SPORT PROJECT CYCLE

" Identification of local community conditions and resources

" Formulation of programme aims and objectives

" Training of peer leaders/coaches" Program content and provision" Sporting inclusion and nature of participant" Process of providing the programmes" Measuring sporting outcomes through

indicators" Assessing the personal and social impact on

participants" Assessing the non-sporting outcomes

EXAMPLE OF NON SPORTING OUTCOME

"to develop citizenship values and commitment tocollective responsibility,"to heal psychosocial trauma,"to address gender-related issues,"to build relationships among different communities,"to development a commitment to education,"to develop conflict resolution and conflictmanagement skills,"to reduce social isolation and tension,"to provide opportunities to empower participants,"to address health-related issues, includingHIV/AIDS

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WHOActors in sport

for reconciliations

MIDDLE-LEVEL,SPORT

AMBASSADORS,NGO’s, ELITE

ATHLETES

TOPLEVEL

GRASSROOTS AND CIVILSOCIETY, CBO’S, SOCIAL

SPACE WHERE TOIMPLEMENT SPORT

PROJECTS

Coordination of wideprojects, creation of

social network,spreading of best

practice and toolkits, toimprove accountability

and quality

Governments, Ministersof youth, education andsport: establishment ofnat. and int.l policies to

favour the use of sport inthe process ofreconciliation

MECHANISM FOR SOCIAL CHANGE

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KENYA PEVFigures Jan 2008

Conteste presidential resultquickly took on an ethnicdimension

•IDP’s: 347,000•Deaths: 1001•Affected: more than500,000•Refugees in Uganda:12,000

DIFFERENT APPROACHES OF THE USE OFSPORT IN HEALING AND RECONCILIATION

Even here in Kenya, as in other post conflictsituations, it is possible to identify :

1. Single events with different possible organisers likelocal NGO’s, famous runners, INGO’s (Shoe4Africa,Tegla Loroupe Peace Run)

2. Sport leagues as single project of a program (WorldVision, Global Peace Game)

3. Sport based projects (Sport-Based Child Protection,Peace and Reconciliation Projects by Kesofo, KenyaYouth Sports4Peace & Reconciliation Projects by CareInternational)

4. Sport activities as part of a wider project (Amani Cup byIOM, CFS by IOM)

5. Combinations of the above

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CHILD FRIENDLY SPACE (CFS)AN EARLY EVALUATION

! Questionnaire 50 youthrespondents on questionnaireabout the impact of sport intheir life after PEV

CHILD FRIENDLY SPACE (CFS)AN EARLY EVALUATION

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CHILD FRIENDLY SPACE (CFS)AN EARLY EVALUATION

CHILD FRIENDLY SPACE (CFS)AN EARLY EVALUATION

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CONCLUSION! Recommendations

"Understand the conflict."Do not harm"Base the activities on mutual interest;"Use a participatory approach"Use of Peer educators and train them with sport, peace

building and conflict management skills;"Focus on daily activities"Promote fair play rather then win at all costs."Create a social network"Focus on the process of healing, building relationship and

empathy rather than sport itself;"Develop best practices"Develop a monitoring and evaluation mechanism

CONCLUSION! The holistic approach must be used not only in

peace building process but also in sport programsthemselves.

! Healing is the first step to re-build relationship inorder to achieve a social change. Sport is proofedto be a very feasible tool to achieve thisprogressive outcome.

! Favourable government policies anddevelopment of best practices allow thecontribution of sport to be much more significant.

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