7 September 1973

Volume 181, No. 4103

LETTERS Committee on Science and Public Policy: R. Bowers; Tropical Rain Forests:L. L. Short; E. P. Imle; S. S. Tillet; A. Gomez-Pompa, C. Vasquez-Yanes, S. Gievara ...........................................

EDITORIAL University or Knowledge Factory?: H. L. Enarsoz.

ARTICLES Hurricane Prediction: Progress and Problem Areas: R. H. Simnpson ............

Microscopic Quantum Interference in the Theory of Superconductivity:L. N Cooper ...............................................

The Future of the Americas: S. M. Linowitz ............................

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

Biomedical Research (II): Will the "Wars" Ever Get Started? ................

Heart Plan Calls for -Professorships" .................................

Insect Viruses: A New Class of Pesticides ..............................

Do Oceanographers Have More Fun? . ......................

Tissue Cultures: Transplantation without Immune Suppression ................

Television-Type Sensors for Astronomy: New Pictures ......................

The Evolution of Radio Astronomy, reviewed by R. N. Bracewell;Models in Archaeology: A. C. Spaulding; Bridge and Barrier: A. KeastiBooks Received .............................................

~~GLENN T. SEABORG LEONARD M. RIESER ROGER REVELLE RICKARD H. BOLT BARRY COMMONEiRetiring President, Chairman President President-Elect LEWiS M. BRANSCOMB EMILIO DADDAF

MATHEMATICS (A) PHYSICS (B) CHEMISTRY (C) ASTRONOMY (D)

:~ Lipmsn Bers Edwin M. McMillan Thomas E. Taylor Frank D. Drake;SI00-ECFtETARIEFS OF RA.Ficken M.Rof MSinclair Leo Schubert Arlo U. LandoltAAAS SSECTIONS

PSYCHOLOGY (J) SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K) HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIEN(Carl P. Duncan Robert iK. Merton Ernest NagelWilliam D. Garvey Harvey Sapolsky Dudley Shapere

INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE (P) EDUCATION (Q) DENTISTRY (R) PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCI

Jacob E. Goldman Gordon Swanon Martin. Cattoni William HollerJordan D. Lewis Phillip R: e Sholom Pearlman John Autian

DIVISION PACIFIC DIVISION SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVI

Gunter E. Weller Irma Duncan Robert C. Miller Robert T. Orr Gordon L. Bender Max P. DunfordPresident Executive Secretary President Secretary-Treasurer President: Executive, Secretar

SCIENCE is tublished weekl except the last week In Dember, btwith an extra issut on the fourth Tuesday in November, byth American Amsoition for the Advancmeassachusett Ave., NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. combined witTh ScIenfIc Second-class stgpaid at Washi'gton, D.C.,CoprlftOL: 19;

the American Association' for the Advancement of Science. Member:ats on request. Annual subscripion $30; foreign postage: Ameicas $4, oversas $6,iair ftlift to EurpSingle copies $1 (beck 'Jisses $2) t GuIde to Sdeltlfle whiddis $4. School year subscriptIons: 9 months $22.5010 months $25. 4

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AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

Scroll-Shaped Waves of Chemical Activity in Three Dimensions: A. T. Winfree ...

Origin of the Mesoamerican 260-Day Calendar: V. H. Malinstromn ............

MoLuse Immunoglobulin Kappa Chain MPC 11: Extra Amino-Terminal Residues:G. P. Smith................................................

Serum Dopamine-3-Hydroxylase Activity: Sibling-Sibling Correlation:R. M. Weinshilboium et al. ....................................

Isolation of Neurotropic Type C Virus: J. E. Officer et al....................

Growth Retardation in Young Mice Treated with dl-Methadone: M. Croffordand A. A. Smith............................................

Pentapeptide (Pepstatin) Inhibition of Brain Acid Proteinase: N. Marks,A. Grynbauim, A. La/tha.......................................

Gas Chromatographic Assay of Epoxide Hydrase Activity with 3-Methylcholanthrene-11,12-Oxide: 7. A. Stominig and E. Bresnick .........................

Regulation of Phosphodiesterase Synthesis: Requirement for Cyclic AdenosineMonophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase: H. R. Bourne, G. M. Tomkins,S. Dion ..................................................

Zinc: A Trace Element Essential in Vitamin A Metabolism: J. C. Smith, Jr., et al. .

Entrainment of the Body Temperature Rhythm in Rats: Effect of Color and Intensityof Environmental Light: R. A. McGuire, W. M. Rand, R. J. Wurtman ......

Immunity to Colon Cancer Assessed by Antigen-Induced Inhibition of MixedMononuclear Cell Migration: D. M. Bull et al........................

Behavioral Development after Forelimb Deafferentation on Day of Birth inMonkeys with and without Blinding: E. Taub, P. Perrella, G. Barro ..........

Deformation and Fracture of High Polymers: H. H. Kauisch, J. A. Hassell,R. 1. Jaffee...............................................

EDWARD E. DAVID, JR. CARYL P. HASKINS WILLIAM T. GOLDEN WILLIAM BEVANWARD H. GOODENOUGH PHYLLIS V. PARKINS Treasurer Executive Officer

GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY (E) BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (G) ANTHROPOLOGY (H)Helmut Landsberg Dorothy Bliss Richard N. AdamsRamon E. Bisque Richard J. Goss Anthony Leeds

ENGINEERING (M) MEDICAL SCIENCES (N) AGRICULTURE (0)Raynor L. Duncombe Robert A. Good Roy L. LovvornC. Towner French F. Douglas Lawrason Michael A. FarrellINFORMATION AND STATISTICS (U) ATMOSPHERIC AND HYDROSPHERICCOMMUNICATION (T) Frederick Mosteller SCIENCES (W)

Jordan Baruch Ezra Glaser Max A. KohlerScott Adams Louis J. Battan

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COVER

Laysan albatross (Dioiznedea itnintiuta-bilis), first identified by Rothschild in1893. Award of the American Mis-cellaneous Society, presented to RogerRevelle in Mexico City, June 1973.See page 926. [Dan Dugan, photog-rapher, Boston, for the Harvard Cen-ter for Population Studies, Cambridge,Massachusettsl

The American Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1848 and incorporated in1874. Its objects are to further the work of scientists, to facilitate cooperation among them, toimprove the efctiveness of science in the promotion of human welfare, and to increase public under-standing and appreciation of the Importance and promise of the methods of science in human progress.

REPORTS

MEETING REPORTS

7 September 1 973. Volumie 181 Nuniber 4103

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FORTHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCEScience serves its readers as a foi-um for the

psesentation and discussion of important isstuesr-clated to the advancement of science, includingthe presentation of minority or conflicting pointsof viessw, rather than by publishing only miaterialoni svhich a consensus has been reached. Accord-ingly, all articles published in Science-includingeditorials, nesss and comment, and book reviews- aseC signied and i-eflect the individtial viesss of theaorthors and not otlicial points of view adopted b)the AAAS o0 the institiitions ssith wiucth the autlishrsire affiliatel

Editorial Board

H. S. Gui-owsiARt HUR D. HASLERRUDOi,.' KoNIPFNERD)Nti t. E. KosHLANo), IR.

AL}REI) BROVsNJANIES F. CROsNSEYMOUR S. KrIEtiKNK PRISoS

973(G.%RDNtR -lINDZ1ERAYMOND H. THO)MPliSONEDoN ARD 0. WILSON

1974I R\ANKWsX. Pt INANI\MAXINE SINGERGORDON \ Osi. \AN

Editorial StaffEditor

PHILIP H. ABELSONPitblisiter Bu sinei. ManIage,tVIl.lAM BLVAN hII.NS NuSSBt%Us,.Maawgoing Edlitor: RoBERt V. ORN1ES

Assistant Editors: ELLEN E. MURPHY. JOHN E.

Assistant to tlt Elitor: NANCY TEIMOURIAN

News antd C(onmmIent: JO1N WNALSH, LUTHER J.CARIER, DtiBORsH SHAPLLY, ROBER[F GILIETTIE, NICHO-LAS WADE, CONSTANCE HOLDEN, BARBARA J. CULLITON.SCHERRAINE MIACK

Research News: ALLEN L. HAMNMONtI. WILLIAMD. MElT, TIIOMN1AS H. MAU6H 11, JEAN L. INIARX

Book Reviews: SYLVIA EHERHRI., KATHERINI I-

INGSI10N, ANN SELTZ PEtIRASH

Cover Editor: GRANACI FINItA:

Editorial A ssistans.: MARGARET ALLL.N. IS ABtELL;Bou.LDIN, Bi-XIR BURNS, ELEANORE BuIt, MARY DORF-NMAN, Jtittiii GIVELI3ER, CORRINE IIARRIs, NANCY1l AR ',A(.E'L, OLIVER HEAIVS'OLE, CItsIS tIINL KARLiK.GINA BARI K()LA'IA, MARGARET LLOYD, JEAN RoCK-WD001), P'ARICIA ROvE, LEAH RY AN, JOIIN SCItALUR.I ,oIS SCitNII I, NIICHA-EI1 SCHsWARIZ. KENNI IH SMItH1.N's 1-1 SWs GART

(imtilit to Scictitii Insitritmenlts: RICHARD SOMMER

MleinhershipRilstt,itthmetn: GssVENDOLYN HUDDLE:Sui.wrhslilltion Records anitl Menmlber Recosl ds: ANNRW\(i\ANt)

And%ertising StaffDirector PI odoctiooo Mlanag'sEARI. J. SHlt RA60 P\ I X\V ELLS

Adi verthisn Salels Ml1stst,'r: ItiC1iisEl) I.. C tlRLI.

Salics: Ni s\ \ORK. N.Y. 10036: Herb.i-t L. Btilklunidl.1I XV. 42 St. (212-PE-6-1858); ScoIcIt PLAINS, N.J.0076: C. Richardc Callis. 12 Unaimi l ane (201-889-4873); CHicAGO, ILL. 60611: John P. Cahiill, IRoonli21(7, 919 N. Michigian Ase. (312-DE-7-4973); BM -F.RLY HILLS, CALIF. 90211: Winn Nancc ItI N. IaCienega Bltd. (213-657-2772)

EDITOItIAL CORRESPONDENCE: 1515 Massa-chusetts Ave., N\V, X.N%vhington. D.C. 20005. Phoncs:(Area codc )02) Centsrt Otflice: 467-4350; Booik Re-views: 467-4367; Busiiness Ostice: 467-441 1; Cil cIla-tion: 467-4417; Gulide to Scientific InstruL1e1t-t: 467-4480; Nes\s and Commiiiient: 467-4430; Rcprilnt' anPerniissioAls: 467-4483; Research Ncsss: 4s7-4321Revicwsing: 4s7-4440. Cable: Advancesci. WVashinoston,Copies of "Instrtuctions for ConitribuLtors" cani beobtailICLd flholl the editoi-ial otice. See also page xsScietnce, 29 Junlle 1973. ADVERTISING COR-RESPONDENCE: Room 1740, 11 W. 42 St., NessYork, N.Y. 10036. Phone: 212-PE-6-1858.

SCIE:NCE

University or Knowledge Factory?

There is tempting heresy loose in the land. Very simply, it is thedangeroLus niotion that state ullniversities arc simlply aniother agency of

state governtiiienit, a Ilnit to be policed. regUkalted. and whipped into a

buLreaucraltic tiiold.In this view, the tlllnvcrsity is siniiply a produLctioll init in the knowl-

edge industry, a klind of specialized flactory processing hulmani beingsfor strictly Lltilitarian ends.Why have we coniie to this str.aneye niew ision of the university?

For many reasonis: because many helieve that OLlr business affairs are

poorly managcd, that we are gu1lilty of corlipetitive, self-serving expan-

sion, that the fLcUlty haXe become a protected featherbedding elite, andfinallyN,, thaLt reftortii is paralllyzed by internial qularrels. It is a harsh in-

dictiiient, and it is being puLrsuLed with varv ing degrees of fervor andfavor in nmany of the 5() states.

The reniedy is eqtlally hirsh. If selt-re"ulklion has failed, if the state

LIniversities are 'OLIt of control," then by all means impose the classicremiledy ot strongy, exterteal regulation.The power of decision oni n altters lar(ge anid siaiill h;is moved Llpward

from individual inistitutions into the hands of strong state systems-

with consequences \xe halve onily t)begLi to grasp. In shared innocence.

trLIstees anid the American Association of University Professors hasslethe presidenit oni niatlcrs that iire io"\ l.1rgely ini the h;tnds of the staItesvXstenl.To the iiew inianagers the uLiversity is just another larg>e systemi.

It has raw miaterial (sttldenits), a labor force (faculty and support per-

sonnel), ilistrulmlents of production (classrooms, laboratories, libraries),a prcoduction schedule (academic requlireniienits, classes admitted, alidclasses graduated), maniagell)elit (the truLstees and celitral administration).and a production index (the cost of producing(, a student credit-hour).The ni-anagerial revolution creates the exact reXerse of the goals

that are sought. The inipact of mtlItiple sOLIurces of regLllation on theuniversity is to discourage flexibility, cripple initiative, dilute responsi-bility. aiid Llltitiiately to destroy truLe aIccLontability.

Vhe Linixursity which is regulated by e': eryone becomies, by the most

bitter of ironies, accollntable to nio one. The invasion of externalauthority miakes it virtually in3possible to fil responsibility on anyone

for educational results. \Vith exeryone in the act, who is finally ac-

cotLntable'?Everyone has a stake in the ork of the ulliversity-parents, StIl-

dents. facitlty, governors, legislators. business, the professioiis, taxpayers.trustees. even presidenits. SioXvly' clum1sily, we in the ulliversities haveevolved ouIr own special formis of participitory sana-(emeiilit. It will dono good for any of 1IS to rail against esternl;Il intervention. Instead,oLur challetige and opportLuliity is to dIevise wider and deeper networksof consultation. If consultation with faculty is necessary and desirable.sC) bv the saime token is lniXersitv colltiltationi with (governors, legisla.-tors, and state coordinating boards.

[he Unl\.ers.ities aire a \5ery special kiiid of' plaice. They are fragile5is tritli itself is fratile. I- hey' CXist h puLblic StlffCral.lce, anid it is a

mqarvel that the pLiblic at large supports with its dollars an iiStitLtioi'nthat is inldependenit. free-stadliing, Cepenly critical of the conventionalsisdoni, frieidly to dispu tatioll, eiclihtited with ctontroversy, ;nd hospit-able to those \5 hi) thin}k otheiwise." M1ay it always be so.-H.AiOIi) 1.-NA\RSON, Prcse/i,dt. Olio .Stelc Uneirt'.-sit', Columibtts 43210

Adt:prtcd t'i-osl tossisil cselent :dttdtres. UnivscrAlst\ of N \ss M exico. \li\ 1t97

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