Sensor and Transducer

8/3/2019 Sensor and Transducer

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NAMES MATRIC NUMBER

RAAJAPANNDIYAN

THANKADURAI

15DEM10F1044

SATHISWARANRAMESHWARAN

15DEM10F1068

TRILOSHANAN S/OARUMUGAM

15DEM10F1074

JEEVAN RAJ S/OTAMIL SELVAN

15DEM10F1063

15DEM10F10


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INTRODUCTION

Sensor and transducer are widely used in the description ofmeasurement systems.

'sensor' is a device that detects a change in a physical

stimulus and turns it into a signal which can be measured orrecorded.

'transducer' is a device that transfers power from one systemto another in the same or in the different form. (converting energy)

'sensor' 'to perceive'

'transducer' ' to lead across'


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SENSOR CLASSIFICATION

Sensor classification schemes range from verysimple to the complex.

One good way to look at a sensor is to consider

all of its properties, such as;

-stimulus

-specifications

-physical phenomenon

- conversion mechanism

-material and application field.


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In machine tools, sensor's conversion phenomenaare mainly physical phenomena such as;

thermoelectric

photoelectric

photo magnetic

Electromagnetic and so on.


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TYPESOFSENSORMicrowave Sensor The Microwave Sensor uses radar technology to detect the

disturbance of, or mass movement in its field of operation.

Detection produces a contact closure. This technology isresistant to false detentions caused environmental conditions.

Its small size allows the Microwave Sensor to be mountedalmost anywhere.

This allows the Microwave Sensor be hidden behind plastic,wood, fibre glass, cloth, glass, etc and not effect the aestheticsof your installation.


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Small form factor,

Minimal power requirement

Microwave technology

Does not require line of sight

Adjustable sensitivity

Contact closure output

Key Features:

Microwave Sensor


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Photoelectric sensor

A photoelectric sensor, is a device used to detect thedistance, absence, or presence of an object by using alight transmitter, often infrared, and a photoelectricreceiver.

There are three different functional types:

opposed(through beam)

retro reflective

proximity-sensing (diffused).


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Sensing Modes ( photoelectric sensor) Opposed

An opposed (through beam) arrangement consists of a receiver

located within the line-of-sight of the transmitter.

In this mode, an object is detected when the light beam is blockedfrom getting to the receiver from the transmitter.

A Retro Reflective A retro reflective arrangement places the transmitter and receiver at

the same location and uses a reflector to bounce the light beam backfrom the transmitter to the receiver.

An object is sensed when the beam is interrupted and fails to reach

the receiver.


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Its arrangement is one in which the transmitted radiationmust reflect off the object in order to reach the receiver.

In this mode, an object is detected when the receiver

sees the transmitted source rather than when it fails tosee it.

Some photo eyes have two different operational types,light operate and dark operate. Light operate photo eyes -> "receives" the transmitter signal Dark operate photo eyes -> does not receives the

transmitter signal

A proximity-sensing(Non-contact sensor )


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VISUALSENSOR

A visual sensor network is a network of spatiallydistributed smart camera devices capable of processingand fusing images.

Visual sensors

Charge Injection Device(CID)

Charge-coupled Device (CCD)

CCD from a 2.1 megapixel Argus digital

camera.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ArgusCCD.jpg


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CCD from a 2.1 megapixel Hewlett-Packard digital camera
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2.1_MP_CCD_Close_Up.JPG


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LASERSENSOR

Its is used for generating, amplifying andconcentrating light waves into powerful beam.


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TRANSDUCER

a device that converts one type of energy toanother.

Energy types include electrical, mechanical,

electromagnetic, chemical, acoustic or thermalenergy.

While the term transducer commonly implies the

use of a sensor/detector, any device which convertsenergy can be considered a transducer.

Transducers are widely used in measuringinstruments.


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APPLICATIONS OF TRANSDUCERS

Electromagnetic: Magnetic cartridge converts motion into electrical form

Tape head converts changing magnetic fields into electrical

form

Hall effect sensor converts a magnetic field level into electricalform only

Electrochemical:

Electro-galvanic fuel cell

Hydrogen sensor


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Electromechanical;

Electroactive polymers

Potentiometer when used for measuring position

Load cell converts force to mV/V electrical signal usingstrain gauge

Electrostatic: Electrometer

Thermoelectric: Resistance temperature detector (RTD)

Thermocouple

Radio acoustic: Receiver (radio)

Sensor and Transducer

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