Senior Design II - Fall 2007Senior Design II - Fall 2007

ECE 392 AdvisorECE 392 AdvisorDr. Kurt KosbarDr. Kurt Kosbar

ECE 392 InstructorECE 392 InstructorNorman CoxNorman Cox

Human Detection and TrackingHuman Detection and TrackingUsing a Wireless Sensor NetworkUsing a Wireless Sensor Network

ECE 392 ECE 392 StudentsStudentsJoe BishopJoe BishopEmilio NanniEmilio NanniJames JollyJames Jolly

Supporting CS 397 StudentsSupporting CS 397 StudentsScott Lively, Evan Shaw, Eddie Scott Lively, Evan Shaw, Eddie KotowskiKotowski

Presentation FlowPresentation Flow

OverviewOverviewRefresherRefresherHardware ObjectivesHardware ObjectivesSoftware ObjectivesSoftware Objectives

DesignDesignSensing ChallengesSensing ChallengesHardware DesignHardware DesignSoftware DevelopmentSoftware Development

SummarySummaryThe PresentThe PresentBudgetBudgetThe FutureThe Future

Overview: Tracking ScenarioOverview: Tracking Scenario

Overview: ApplicationsOverview: Applications

Intruder DetectionIntruder Detection

Smart Indoor Environments Smart Indoor Environments

Monitoring Hazardous EnvironmentsMonitoring Hazardous Environments

Covert SurveillanceCovert Surveillance

Border SecurityBorder Security

Crossbow MICA2 MoteCrossbow MICA2 Mote

Crossbow MIB600Crossbow MIB600Ethernet Programming BoardEthernet Programming BoardSensor Network GatewaySensor Network Gateway

Overview: Available HardwareOverview: Available Hardware

Overview: Hardware ObjectivesOverview: Hardware Objectives

Design Sensor CircuitDesign Sensor Circuit

Layout Data Acquistion BoardLayout Data Acquistion Board

Build Wireless Sensor Unit EnclosureBuild Wireless Sensor Unit Enclosure

Berkeley MoteBerkeley Mote900 MHz 900 MHz

RadioRadioATmega128LATmega128L

µCµC

PIR Sensor Data Acquisition BoardPIR Sensor Data Acquisition Board

TinyOSTinyOS

Overview: Sensor UnitOverview: Sensor Unit

PIR1PIR1

PIR2PIR2PIR3PIR3 PIR4PIR4 PIR5PIR5 PIR6PIR6

PIR7PIR7

PIR8PIR8

Overview: Software ObjectivesOverview: Software Objectives

Relay PIR Data from Sensor Units to PCRelay PIR Data from Sensor Units to PC

Capture Data in DatabaseCapture Data in Database

Track Heading to Human Moving Past Track Heading to Human Moving Past Sensor UnitSensor Unit

Triangulate Position of a HumanTriangulate Position of a Human

Visualize Tracking TaskVisualize Tracking Task

XServeXServeMiddlewareMiddleware

PostgreSQLPostgreSQLDatabaseDatabase

QtQtVisualizationVisualization

TinyOS

TinyOS

Overview: Data FlowOverview: Data Flow

Black Body RadiationBlack Body Radiation

Plank’s LawPlank’s Law

T = 310K = 98.6T = 310K = 98.6ºFºF

Humans EmitHumans EmitInfrared RadiationInfrared Radiation

2

2

2 1( )

1hc

kT

hcI

e

Design: Human Emission SpectraDesign: Human Emission Spectra

Balanced Differential (Series Balanced Differential (Series Opposed) Dual Element PIR Opposed) Dual Element PIR SensorSensor

Sensitive 7-14 Sensitive 7-14 μμmm

Viewing Angle 138º - Too LargeViewing Angle 138º - Too Large

Focus the Viewing Angle with Focus the Viewing Angle with a Fresnel Lensa Fresnel Lens

New Viewing Angle 15º New Viewing Angle 15º

Design: Passive Infrared SensorDesign: Passive Infrared Sensor

8 PIR Sensor’s in a Circular Pattern with 188 PIR Sensor’s in a Circular Pattern with 18º of º of SeparationSeparation

Two Concentric Rings with PIR Sensor at the Two Concentric Rings with PIR Sensor at the Focal Point of the LensFocal Point of the Lens

Design: Wireless Sensor Unit EnclosureDesign: Wireless Sensor Unit Enclosure

4 in

2.9 in

8 in

1.25 in

Sensor Unit HousingSensor Unit Housing

Wireless Sensor UnitWireless Sensor Unit

Range of Sensor 2 - 5 mRange of Sensor 2 - 5 m

Speed of Target 2 - 5 m/sSpeed of Target 2 - 5 m/s

Frequency Range 1 - 8 HzFrequency Range 1 - 8 Hz

maxsensor shortest

fastest

df

v

minsensor longest

slowest

df

v

Design: PIR CharacteristicsDesign: PIR Characteristics

15º15º

Design: Motion-detecting CircuitDesign: Motion-detecting Circuit

Appropriate FilteringAppropriate GainOutput in Acceptable Voltage RangeOutput Needs Symmetric SwingAir Currents– Fresnel Lenses Help

Design: Active Bandpass FilterDesign: Active Bandpass Filter

f = 3 Hz

A = 800

Design: Frequency ResponseDesign: Frequency Response

Frequency

Gai

n

Design: Frequency ResponseDesign: Frequency Response

Frequency

Gai

n

f = 3 Hz

A = 30 dB

Design: SDAB ConsiderationsDesign: SDAB Considerations

Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)Power ConsumptionInterfaces– PIR Sensors– Mote 51-pin Board-to-board Connector

DimensionsLayoutCost

Design: SDAB LayoutDesign: SDAB Layout

separate sensor and mote power suppliesseparate sensor and mote power supplies– mitigates sampling problems caused by mitigates sampling problems caused by

battery voltage fluctuationsbattery voltage fluctuations

metal enclosuremetal enclosure– holds sensors in place, blinds them as necessaryholds sensors in place, blinds them as necessary– mitigates radio interference problemmitigates radio interference problem– mitigates capacitive coupling between boardsmitigates capacitive coupling between boards

Design: Hunting Noise SourcesDesign: Hunting Noise Sources

Design: Example PIRSDAB OutputDesign: Example PIRSDAB Output

samples (approx. 16 per s)samples (approx. 16 per s)

ADCADCoutputoutput

Design: Interpreting Each OutputDesign: Interpreting Each Output

Design: Data CaptureDesign: Data Capture

used PostgreSQL databaseused PostgreSQL database

supports software testingsupports software testing

easy to extend stored dataeasy to extend stored data

Design: Qt VisualizationDesign: Qt Visualization

Design: Position EstimatorDesign: Position Estimator

Design: Position EstimatorDesign: Position Estimator

Design: Position EstimatorDesign: Position Estimator

Design: Position EstimatorDesign: Position Estimator

Design: Position EstimatorDesign: Position Estimator

Design: Position EstimatorDesign: Position Estimator

Design: Position EstimatorDesign: Position Estimator

Summary: The PresentSummary: The Present

Hardware CompleteHardware Complete

Mote Software CompleteMote Software Complete

Qt Visualization CompleteQt Visualization Complete

Tracking Software Needs WorkTracking Software Needs Work

Demo Next Week!Demo Next Week!

Summary: BudgetSummary: Budget

Part Description Unit Price Quantity Total Price

RE200B PIR Sensor 1.65 32 52.80

PicoBlade 1.25 mm Straight Headers 1.42 6 8.52

PicoBlade 1.25 mm Receptacles 0.75 6 4.50

Crimp Terminal 28-32 AWG 0.04 100 4.19

Crimp Terminal 26-28 AWG 0.04 100 4.62

Hirose Connector 3.05 4 12.20

Lenses 0 32 0

PCB Fabrication 70.00 4 280.00

Miscallaneous 100

Total 466.83

Hardware:

Gain Adjustments

Improved Construction

Single Power Supply

Software:

Custom Middleware

Use Baeysian Inference to Interpret PIR Signal

Improve Position Estimator

Summary: The FutureSummary: The Future

What a long, strange trip it has been!What a long, strange trip it has been!

http://acm.cs.umr.edu/~jwjb62http://acm.cs.umr.edu/~jwjb62