The Oral Health Status and The Oral Health Status and Knowledge Knowledge

of the Elementary Studentsof the Elementary Students of AIM Christian Learning of AIM Christian Learning

Center, Center, Sampaloc, ManilaSampaloc, Manila

SEMINAR 40

Bautista, Kamille Joanna B.Pobre, Christine M.

March 10, 2010

The Problem and its The Problem and its BackgroundBackground

Introduction The study aimed to determine the oral

health knowledge and status of the elementary students of AIM Christian Learning Center located at Sampaloc, Manila and propose an oral health program appropriate for the school. This is in accordance with the communication between the school principal and the proponents regarding developing an oral health program to be integrated in the school’s curriculum. Seventy-five elementary students (11 from grade I, 15 from grade II, 16 from grade III, 8 from grade IV, 12 from grade V and 13 from grade VI) were asked to participate in the study.

Conceptual FrameworkConceptual Framework

Fig. 1 Procedural Framework

Statement of the Statement of the ProblemProblem

What is the oral health status and knowledge of the elementary students in AIM Christian Learning Center, Sampaloc, Manila?

ObjectivesObjectives

General Objective

To determine the oral health status and knowledge of the elementary students of AIM Christian Learning Center.

ObjectivesObjectivesSpecific Objectives

1. To determine the dental caries prevalence of the elementary students of AIM Learning Center.

2. To test the oral health knowledge of the elementary students of AIM Christian Learning Center.

3. To know the oral health practice of the elementary students of AIM Christian Learning Center.

4. To assess the oral health needs/treatment of the elementary students of AIM Christian Learning Center.

Scope and Delimitation

The study involved the elementary students of AIM Christian Learning Center, from Grades I to VI.

It aimed to determine the oral health status of the participants by the use of dmft/DMFT indices and OHI-scores. Oral health knowledge of the participants was assessed through oral health knowledge tests. Oral health practices were determined through one-to-one interview.

Definition of TermsDefinition of Terms

Oral Health Knowledge – refers to knowledge gained through oral health education measured based on results of a test. A student is said to be knowledgeable if he/she passed the knowledge test on oral health, gaining a score of 75% and above.

Oral Health Practice – refers to the daily toothbrushing and having personal tooth cleaning device.

Oral Health Status – DMFT/dmft Index, caries prevalence rate, OHI-S scores

Definition of TermsDefinition of Terms

dmft:a. decayed – deciduous tooth with untreated cariesb. missing – deciduous tooth lost because of cariesc. filled – deciduous tooth filled with temporary or permanent restoration

DMFT:a. Decayed – permanent tooth with untreated cariesb. Missing – permanent tooth lost because of cariesc. Filled – permanent tooth filled with temporary or permanent restoration

Review of Related Review of Related LiteratureLiterature

According to the 1992 National Monitoring and Evaluation Dental Survey of the Philippines (NMEDS)

-- dental caries prevalence among Filipinos is 98%

-- among deciduous teeth, 94.9% has caries-- at the age of 12, 5 permanent teeth

become decayed and 1 tooth is extracted due to caries.

-- the prevalence of dental caries on permanent teeth remained above 90% throughout the years.

Review of Related Review of Related LiteratureLiterature

In 1998, NMEDS revealed that -- 94.4% of temporary teeth and above

90% of permanent teeth have caries. -- the average DMFT of Filipinos age 12

is 4.56, comprising of 4.16 decayed, 0.34 missing, and 0.06 filled teeth.

In 2006, a WHO survey revealed that 97.1% among 6 years old suffer from dental caries.

Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods

Type of Research Used

A descriptive type of study design was used to determine the oral health status and knowledge of the elementary students enrolled at AIM Christian Learning Center S.Y. 2009-2010.

 

ParticipantsParticipants

Seventy-five elementary students who were currently enrolled in AIM-CLC this school year (2009-2010) were asked to participate in the study. However, only 66 students were able to take the knowledge test and only 70 students during the oral examination. The other students were not able to participate in the study due to absence.

ParticipantsParticipants

The parents, teachers, and staff of the school administration were informed of all the details of the study. The child’s inclusion in the study was based on the parent’s/guardian’s consent, as well as the assent of the patient.

The following were the inclusion criteria:

Must be enrolled in the school S.Y. 2009-2010.

Must have informed consent duly signed by the parent/guardian.

Must have patient’s assent.

* Failure to meet the following criteria meant exclusion from the study.

The ParticipantsThe Participants

Fig. 2 Grade I - Grade VI students

Materials Used in the Research

Questionnaires regarding topics on basic oral anatomy, dental caries, good and bad food, role of the dentist and oral hygiene instruction/practice were given to the students to test their oral health awareness and knowledge. One-to-one interview was also conducted regarding oral hygiene practices at home and their perception of dentists. Results of the oral examination, interview and questionnaires were recorded and analyzed to determine the oral health needs and treatment of the students.

Materials Used in the Research

Personnel and Facilities:

researchers/cliniciansAIM Christian Learning Center classroomsAIM Christian Learning Center

elementary teachersbasic dental instrumentssterilizing/disinfecting materialscomputers/printers/photocopying

machines

Oral Examination Oral Examination InstrumentsInstruments

Fig. 3 basin, mouth mirrors, blunted probes

MethodologyMethodology

Fig. 4 Procedural Framework/Plan of Investigation

Knowledge TestKnowledge Test

Fig. 5 Conduction of Knowledge Test

Oral ExaminationOral Examination

Fig. 6 Oral Examination

Data ManagementData Management

◦ Descriptive statistics including the mean measurements of dmft/DMFT indices and oral health test results were presented in tabular form.

◦ OHI-scores and results of one-to-one interview were stated.

Grade Level Passed Failed

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Total

Grade Level Mean dmft Mean DMFT

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Mean dmft/DMFT

Table 1 Oral health knowledge test results of Grade I – Grade VI

Table 2 Mean dmft/DMFT scores of Grade I – Grade VI

ResultsResults

Fig. 7 Oral health knowledge test results of Grade I – Grade VI

Fig. 8 Oral health knowledge test results of Grade I – Grade II

Fig. 9 Oral health knowledge test results of Grade IV – Grade VI

Results

Of all the participants who took the oral health knowledge test, 62.12% passed; the passing rate was based on the school’s grading system which is 75%.

Grade Level # of Students Examined

# of students With

dmft/DMFT

Caries Prevalence

Grade I 7 7/7 100%

Grade II 15 15/15 100%

Grade III 16 15/16 93.75%

Grade IV 8 8/8 100%

Grade V 12 8/12 66.67%

Grade VI 12 11/12 91.67%

Table 3 Caries prevalence of Grade I – Grade VI

Fig. 10 Caries prevalence of Grade I – Grade VI

Grade Level

Deciduous Teeth

Decayed Missing Filled Mean dmft

Grade I 45/7 = 6.43 15/5 = 3 0 9.43

Grade II 42/12 = 3.5 16/9 = 1.78 6/2 = 3 7.28

Grade III 50/15 = 3.33 14/7 = 2 1/1 = 1 6.33

Grade IV 9/3 = 3 3/3 = 1 0 4

Grade V 6/2 = 3 4/2 = 2 0 5

Grade VI 1/1 = 1 4/2v= 2 0 3

Total 5.84

Table. 4 mean dmft scores of Grade I – Grade VI

Grade Level

Permanent Teeth

Decayed Missing Filled Mean dmft

Grade I 3/2 = 1.5 0 0 1.5

Grade II 34/12 = 2.83 3/3 = 1 3/3 = 1 3.83

Grade III 19/11 = 1.73 2/2 = 1 6/3 = 2 4.73

Grade IV 15/7 = 2.14 1/1 = 1 0 3.14

Grade V 25/8 = 3.125 4/2 = 2 0 5.125

Grade VI 34/8 = 4.25 10/6 = 1.67 6/3 = 2 7.92

Total 4.37

Table. 5 mean DMFT scores of Grade I – Grade VI

Fig. 7 mean dmft/DMFT scores of Grade I – Grade VI

Results

Results of the oral examination showed that the mean dmft or the mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth of the deciduous teeth were higher (45.84) than the DMFT or the mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth of the permanent teeth (4.37) combined for all grade levels. This may be because of the fact that the deciduous teeth were longer present in the oral cavity as compared with the permanent teeth.

The oral health status of the elementary students of AIM Christian Learning Center showed lower mean DMFT scores (4.37) and higher mean dmft scores (5.84) compared with NMEDS standard (4.56 mean DMFT for 12 y/o) based on their mean dmft/DMFT values.

Summary of Findings

All grade levels showed OHI scores ranging 0.17 – 1. 51, which was considered by the proponents as falling into the “good” oral hygiene practice.

Summary of Findings

Of all the participants, 100% claimed to use toothbrush with toothpaste as tooth cleaners. 4.29% of them claimed that they use other tooth cleaners aside from toothbrushes such as floss, mouthwash and orthobrush. One claimed that she doesn’t have her own toothbrush, she shares with her sibling. 2 of the students from Grade 2 (2.86%) brought their toothbrushes in school. Majority of the students brush their teeth twice a day during morning and evening.

Summary of Findings

Majority of the participants need restoration or extraction of decayed teeth.

Summary of Findings

ConclusionConclusion

The oral health status of the elementary students of AIM Christian Learning Center showed mean DMFT score (4.37) and mean dmft scores (5.84).

Sixty-two percent (62%) of the participants are knowledgeable on oral health.

RecommendationsRecommendations

For this particular study, the proponents recommend Essential Health Care Package (Fit for School program) be implemented in AIM Christian Learning Center. It is also recommended that training workshops be given for school teachers to update their oral health knowledge and to familiarize them with resources provided for more effective oral health programs.

RecommendationsRecommendations

For further studies, it is recommended that short term and long term evaluation of the oral health program be conducted after it has been implemented for improvement and gauge effectiveness of the program.

THANK YOU and GOOD DAY!