Semantic Technologies in Learning Environments -Promises and Challenges-
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Transcript of Semantic Technologies in Learning Environments -Promises and Challenges-
Semantic Technologies in Learning Environments
-Promises and Challenges-
Dragan GaševićAthabasca University
Email: [email protected]
Without any prior vision
the Social Web is here!
What now?
Topics to discuss about
Semantics as a big promise Semantics and metadata Promises for learning environments Open challenges
Part ISemantics as a Big Promise
Semantic Web
To create a universal medium for the exchange of data.
… to smoothly interconnect personal information management, enterprise application integration and the global sharing of commercial, scientific and cultural data.
Semantic Web Activity Statementhttp://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Activity
Semantic Web
Key characteristics Anyone can say anything about anything Explicit definition of the meaning
< musician: Musician rdf:ID="urn:rdf:969914d5ca929194ea18787de32c665a-1"> … <musician:name>Eric Clapton</musician:name> <musician:records rdf:resource = "http://www.guitar.org/legendaryrecordings/EC#urn:rdf:958804d5ca918084ea17676de21c887a-0"/> … </musician:Musician>
Musician
Album
Event
plays
plays at
attends
records
Admirer
Instrument
musician:records
rdf:type rdf:type
<album: Album rdf:ID="urn:rdf:958804d5ca918084ea17676de21c887a-0"> … <album:title>Unplugged</album:title> <album:year>1992</album:year> … </album:Album>
RDF
The Semantic Web
is NOT opposite to
the Social Web!
Semantic Web
Ontologies: Interconnecting applications Shared domain conceptualizations
Part IISemantics and Metadata
Learning Technology Standards
Learning metadata Learning Object Metadata IMS Learning Design, CP, SCORM, etc.
Why do need them? Improved search and reusability Promising results
SQI, ECL, GLOBE
Learning Metadata
Why do we need ontologies, then? Not a replacement for LOM Important complement of LOM
Topic Pedagogical role Type of content Type of activities
Is this all we can get?!
Part IIIPromises for
Learning Environments
Learning Design
Situation is getting even more exciting Learning design with ontologies
Good for formal verification Spotting issues in learning designs
Not quite personal information management yet
Context is Missing!
Andrew McAfee (Harvard University) SLATES paradigm – search, links, authoring,
tagging, extension, and signals Web 2.0 in Enterprise: Enterprise 2.0
Learning in enterprise
What is that?
Julita Vassileva (U of Saskatchewan) “Rule: hard/impossible to impose hard rules”
Gord McCalla (U of Saskatchewan) Ecological approach – sharing experience
Context is Missing!
http://www.w3.org/2006/Talks/1023-sb-W3CTechSemWeb/DataServicesWebAppMetro2.jpg
Learning Context
Authoring
Reusability
Packaging
Educators
ReusabilityAdaptivityEvolutionCollaboration with educators and students
Learning Context
Authoring
Reusability
Packaging
Educators
Feedback
Learning and Collaborating
PersonalizationAdaptivityContext-awarenessSocial interaction…
Learners
Learning Context
Authoring
Reusability
Packaging Learning and Collaborating
Community
Peer-Review
Presenting
Administration
Mobile
Educators Learners
Personal Learning Information Management
Connect presently isolated islands
Students/EducatorsContent•LORs•Libraries•Multimedia•Reuse
Pedagogy•User models•Adaptivity•Educational models
Collaboration•Chat•Discussion•Services
Community•Course, University, …
Portfolio•Evidence•Competencies
Peer-review•Courses•Publishing
Platforms•Mobile•Desktop Domain tools
•Mashed up with education tools
Desktop•Email•Firefox…
Authoring•Word•Frontpage•Reload…
Privacy•Policy•Identity
“A crazy problem requires a crazy solution!”
(Griff Richards, 2005)
Learning Object Context Ontology: LOCO
Learning context Learner(s)
Learner characteristics Learning activity
Prerequisites, learning objectives, available time, … Learning object used/produced
Parts of objects and their pedagogical role Domain concepts
LOCO-Analyst
LOCO-Analyst and iHelp Courses
LOCO-Analyst
Semantically rich feedback for educators Learning activities of their students Domain topics difficult for learners Unusual performance of a learner/group Use of the deployed learning content Peculiarities of interactions
LOCO-Analyst
LOCO-Analyst
LOCO-Analyst
Collaboration: students - educators Evaluation results show appreciation of
Qualitative (over quantitative) feedback Integrated view on
the learning process as a whole Form “killing” count
Student behavior is already feedback
DEPTHS
DEsign Patterns Teaching Help System Harmonization of
Project-based instruction Collaborative learning, and Personal learning goals
DEPTHS
Part IV Open Challenges
Challenges
Ontology development Domain-independent
Context, content, design, user model Domain-specific
Domain ontologies
Challenges
Ontology development Similar to databases –
someone needs to develop Some ontology development lessons learned
Lightweight ontologies:“Little semantics goes a long way”
Linked with other ontologies Friend of a Friend Semantically-interlinked Online Communities
Ontology Development - LOCO
Ontology Development - LOCO
Integration is enabled!
Challenges
Ontology development Ontology development tools
Semi-automatic ontology learning
Educators in ontology action
IT nonIT Total Tool met expectations Yes 29.4% 30% 29.6% No 35.3% 20% 29.6% Partly 23.5% 30% 25.9%
Text2Onto
OntoGen
IT nonIT Total Tool met expectations Yes - 30% 11.1% No 82.4% 40% 66.7% Partly 5.9% 20% 11.1%
If we have big expectations
Why don’t we build better tools?!
Challenges
Appreciation of empirical research Google: constantly measuring everything
that may and may not be measured
Challenges
Ontology development Different approaches
Wiki-based (DBPedia and Semantic Media Wiki) Folksonomy-based
Solving ambiguity of folksonomies Folksonomies require time and community
Social bookmarking (Faviki)
Challenges
Pedagogical models with new technology Technology is NOT enough What motivates students to contribute
E.g., present activity, career or life-long goals
Increased interaction and participation
Personal Learning Information Management
Annotators Tag Cloud
Ontology Visualization
Interacts with(Modifies/Enriches)
Interacts with(Analyzes)
Is provided with feedback(Inspects)
Feedback provisioning
Learner/Instructor Content Author
USAGE TRACKING DATA + TAGS & AGGREGATIONS
LEARNING CONTENT
DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES
Interacts with:- learning content- other learners and teachersConstructs- Wikis, blogs, portfolios, & social networks
Context-Based relatedness Computation
RDF LOC Repository
stores/readsstores/reads
Office Tools
WebBlogs, Wikis,
Portfolios, Social Net.
LMS
Personal Learning Environment
Annotates- tags/highlights/comments
Challenges
Peer, expert and user retrieval Networks and data are locked
http://media.economist.com/images/20080322/D1208WB1.jpg
http://blog.hubspot.com/Portals/249/images//HubSpot-Making-Friends.gif
Challenges
Peer, expert and user retrieval Networks and data are locked List of “friends” is not enough Interaction history also needed
Online presence
Challenges
Increased usability Context-aware Proactive
Context-aware Usability
Context-aware Usability
Context-aware Usability
Challenges
Increased usability Context-aware Proactive
Privacy protection User-centered identify management OpenID is not enough!
Personal learning
information management
More Meaningfulpersonalizedinteractive
socialcollaborativeubiquitous
…
¡Muchas gracias!