Sectoral Specialization ProjectonEntrepreneurship and small business Management SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: NATURAL BEE FARMby, Ashvini S FulpagarSubmitted to, Prof.Nitin Wani(Submitted in partial fulfillment of the award of Master of Management Studies)Jankidevi Bajaj Institute of Management & StudiesSNDT Womens University, Mumbai

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project is the outcome of sincere & positive contribution of various personalities. The encouragement & guidance extended to me in completing this project cannot be translated in words.I also take this opportunity as privilege to express a deep sense of gratitude to Prof. Nitin Wani, for their continuous encouragement, invaluable guidance and help for completing the present research work. They have been a source of inspiration to me and I am indebted to them for initiating me in the field of research.I wish to express a special thanks to all teaching and non-teaching staff members, Janakidevi Bajaj Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai for their forever support. Their encouragement and valuable guidance are gratefully acknowledged.

Place: Mumbai Ashvini S Fulpagar Date: 09/12/2013MMS-II

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP4What is social entrepreneurship?5Why "Social" Entrepreneur?6The Difference between Social and Business Entrepreneurship9Part-AINTRODUCTION TO BEE FARMING10Executive Summary13Business Background13Vision:14MARKETING ASPECTS14Marketing Strategies16HUMAN RESOURCE20FINANCIAL ASPECTS21MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION24Part-BFACTORS MOTIVATING TO BE A SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR28Part-CCASESTUDIES301.SEARCH by Dr. Abhay Bang and Rani Bang302.Vibis natural bee farm By Josephine selvaraj313.GOONj-By Anshu Gupta32SECTORAL REPORT: Natural Bee Farm

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INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Most economists and academics support the notion that entrepreneurship is becoming a crucial factor in the development and well-being of societies. Whether the entrepreneurial activities are practiced in factor-driven, efficiency-driven, or innovation-driven economies, the ultimate results continue to exhibit: i) lower unemployment rates; ii) increased tendency to adopt innovation; and iii) accelerated structural changes in the economy. Entrepreneurship offers new competition, and as such promotes improved productivity and healthy economic competitiveness.Entrepreneurship is an act of individuals who utilize their innovation, finance and business acumen to transform a new idea into a value added venture. New ideas coupled with management and leadership skills, gives birth to new businesses which drive employment, capital formation and creation of wealth in the country. This in turn helps reduce unemployment, eradicates poverty and is a hope for a better life for millions of young and aspiring professionals.One type of entrepreneurship, which has taken root over the last few decade especially in under-developed and developing countries is Social Entrepreneurship and is playing a very critical role today.Social entrepreneurs are driven by a desire to aid, improve and transform the social sector. This could be in the area of education, health, rural development, environment or help in improving economic conditions for the needy via microfinance or access to funding.This is diametrically different than charity where the practice is focused more towards benevolent giving and caring and then the person walks away. In Social Entrepreneurship the focus is not only on helping the poor and needy, but teaching them some competency, some skill, using which they can later, even without your help improve their lives and economic conditions on a sustainable basis. These are predominantly run as non-profit ventures.The field of social entrepreneurship is quickly becoming established, and supporting organizations have emerged, but the true potential of the movement has hardly been tapped. When we combine the efficiency and innovation of business with the compassion and insight of charity, the result is a powerful new way to fight poverty, hunger, illness, and inequalitySocial entrepreneurship is the field in which entrepreneurs tailor their activities to be directly tied with the ultimate goal of creating social value. In doing so, they often act with little or no intention to gain personal profit.Objective:The main specific aim of the study is to find out the importance, benefits of social entrepreneurship especially in India, its managerial aspects to setup a (hypothetical) small scale social enterprise. What is social entrepreneurship?Whenever society is stuck or has an opportunity to seize a new opportunity, it needs an entrepreneur to see the opportunity and then to turn that vision into a realistic idea and then a reality and then, indeed, the new pattern all across society. We need such entrepreneurial leadership at least as much in education and human rights as we do in communications and hotels. This is the work of social entrepreneurs.The Social entrepreneurship is a mission-driven individual who uses a set of entrepreneurial behaviors to deliver a social value to the less privileged, all through an entrepreneurially oriented entity that is financially independent. Social entrepreneurships:1 mission driven: They are dedicated to serve their mission of delivering a social value to the underserved.2 act entrepreneurially through a combination of characteristics that set them apart from types of entrepreneurship3 act within entrepreneurially oriented organizations that have strong cultural of innovation and openness.4 act with financially independent organizations that plan and execute earned-income strategies. The objective is to deliver the intended social value while remaining financially self-sufficient. This is achieved by blending social and profit-oriented activities to achieve self-sufficiency, reduce reliance on donations and government funding, and increase the potential of expanding the delivery of proposed social value.Social entrepreneurship is the process of pursuing innovative solutions to social problems. More specifically, social entrepreneurs adopt a mission to create and sustain social value. They relentlessly pursue opportunities to serve this mission, while continuously adapting and learning. They draw upon appropriate thinking in both the business and nonprofit worlds and operate in all kinds of organizations: large and small; new and old; religious and secular; nonprofit, for-profit, and hybrid.Business entrepreneurstypically measure performance in profit and return, but social entrepreneurs also take into account a positive return to society. Social entrepreneurship typically furthers broad social, cultural, and environmental goals and is commonly associated with the voluntary and not-for-profit sectors. Social entrepreneurs are individuals with innovative solutions to societys most pressing social problems. They are ambitious and persistent, tackling major social issues and offering new ideas for wide-scale change.Rather than leaving societal needs to the government or business sectors, social entrepreneurs find what is not working and solve the problem by changing the system, spreading the solution, and persuading entire societies to take new leaps.Social entrepreneurs often seem to be possessed by their ideas, committing their lives to changing the direction of their field. They are both visionaries and ultimate realists, concerned with the practical implementation of their vision above all else.Each social entrepreneur presents ideas that are user-friendly, understandable, ethical, and engage widespread support in order to maximize the number of local people that will stand up, seize their idea, and implement with it. In other words, every leading social entrepreneur is a mass recruiter of local change makersa role model proving that citizens who channel their passion into action can do almost anything.

Fig1. A model of Social EntrepreneurshipWhy "Social" Entrepreneur?Just as entrepreneurs change the face of business, social entrepreneurs act as the change agents for society, seizing opportunities others miss and improving systems, inventing new approaches, and creating solutions to change society for the better. While a business entrepreneur might create entirely new industries, a social entrepreneur comes up with new solutions to social problems and then implements them on a large scale.Social Entrepreneurship matters because it helps generate social value and social change. Social Entrepreneurship also matters because it renders the inherent sociality in entrepreneurship explicit. Entrepreneurship is more than economic activity it is social in that it operates within a particular setting defined by relationships and networks. The outcomes may be economic and/or social, but the process of entrepreneurship is always social.

Five Pillars of Social Entrepreneurship1. Problem solvingIt helps to resolve some of the most pressing and intractable social problems our society faces: Aids, mental ill-health, joblessness, illiteracy, crime and drugs.Social entrepreneurs often confront these problems in new ways and find new solutions. These new approaches could be transferred to the public sector, in much the same way as small biotechnology and software firms often transfer their innovations to larger pharmaceuticals and computer companies. In business we have technology transfer schemes; in welfare we need social innovation transfer schemes. Public policy needs to help create a much more effective mechanism to identify, interpret and disseminate best practice in welfare provision.There is a value to society as a whole in promoting a diversity of attempts to tackle problems such as illiteracy or drug dependency. Diversity will help to promote experimentation and expand the port-folio of possible solutions.2.Supply-side efficiencyThese projects are often far more cost effective than the welfare state because they are less bureaucratic, more flexible and capable of generating far greater commitment from their staff.3.Active welfareThese schemes are developing new models of active welfare, in which users and clients are encouraged to take more responsibility for their lives. In most of these schemes, welfare is not seen as a sum of money or even a package of entitlements. Instead, most of these schemes embrace a philosophy in which welfare and well-being are inseparable from self-control and self-confidence. These schemes embrace an ethic of creative individualism which is at odds with the passive, recipient culture of much of the traditional welfare state.These schemes also embody an active ethic of giving, which will become increasingly critical to the traditional welfare state. Hospitals and schools often provide an important focus to bring together divided communities. Yet beyond that the welfare state as a whole is not regarded with much affection, it is not particularly effective at generating social support cohesion. To many of its critics, the welfare state breeds passivity, bureaucracy and disillusion.In contrast, social entrepreneurs excel at mobilizing a diverse network of people and private sector companies to jointly attack social problems. 4.Jobs and outputMany of these schemes generate benefits that can be measured in traditional economic terms, although many of the entrepreneurs running such projects do not believe this should be an exclusive measure of their success.Some community enterprise schemes create viable businesses and jobs. In so far as this reduces unemployment and generates valuable output, then this will be of benefit to the economy as a whole, as well as the people involved. Schemes to regenerate housing estates will have measurable benefits in terms of reducing vandalism and crime as well as upgrading the housing stock. Most of these schemes involve upgrading the skills of the people involved to make them more self-reliant. This investment in human capital must have some economic value, even if it is difficult to capture this in monetary terms.5.Social capital creationSocial entrepreneurs create assets for communities that would not otherwise exist. The most obvious examples of these assets are new buildings, new services or a revived reputation for an area. But in many ways the most important form of capital that a social entrepreneur creates is social capital.Social capital is the network of relationships that underpins economic partnerships and alliances. These networks depend upon a culture of cooperation, fostered by shared values and trust.

Characteristics of social entrepreneur Mission leader Persistent Emotionally charged Social value creator Innovator Committed Socially alertThe Difference between Social and Business EntrepreneurshipBusiness entrepreneurs Business entrepreneurs focus more on the profit and wealth side. Their main goal is to satisfy customer needs, provide growth for shareholders, expand the influence of their business, and to expose their business to as many people as they can. Sometimes, they will overlook the environmental consequences of their actions. The main priority for this type of entrepreneur is to gain profit. They need to gain profit so they can ultimately keep providing services or goods to their customers, provide for themselves and their families, and provide for their business expansion.In the process of starting up their business, they look for gaps in the market to fill. They look for things that people need or want, and then they try to make a service or product that will satisfy that need or want. The ultimate effect is to generate profit in the form of material things.Social entrepreneurs The social entrepreneurs main focus is the social and/or environmental well-being. When they see a problem in the community, environment, or ways of the people, they take actions toward helping solve that problem. The main goal for the social entrepreneur is not wealth or money. Rather, they prioritize more on serving the needs and wants of the community in a more resourceful way. Sometimes, they will engage in their projects with little funds and resources, while still making an impact on society.Social entrepreneurs try to make the world a better place to live in. They focus more on the greater good. Their projects may or may not generate value and income. Sometimes, they will invest a lot of their time and energy in changing society with little in return. Social entrepreneurs focus on many different topics, such as the economy, social disorganization, and inequality.PART-AINTRODUCTION TO BEE FARMING

Bee farming is an agro based enterprise, which farmers can take up for additional income generation. Honey bees convert nectar of flowers into honey and store them in the combs of the hive. Collection of honey from the forests has been in existence for a long time. The growing market potential for honey and its products has resulted in bee keeping emerging as a viable enterprise. Honey and wax are the two economically important products of bee keeping.Honey is a delicious, thick and viscous fluid obtained from the hives of honey bees. Bees collect nectars from flowers of different honey supporting plants and add enzymes to evaporate water and to convert these into honey. Honey is a valuable substance, which can be used both for food and medicine. As a food, it is a good source of energy and as a medicine it can effectively cure heart diseases, cancer, cold, hearing loss etc. Due to low water contents, micro- organisms cannot grow in honey and it can be preserved for a long period of time. As a consequence of these benefits honey is used widely throughout the world and its high demand in the international market has made beekeeping a profitable business. Beekeeping business is being promoted in different countries of the world especially in agricultural countries like Brazil, India, Bangladesh and China etc, to attain economic goals of poverty reduction and export expansion.Beekeeping business is less expensive as the initial capital requirement is minimal as compared to other income generating activities. To start a business, bee colonies are required which can be gyrated for years. Hence allocating fewer budgets to the business can be initialized. Further as the raw material for honey is nectar / pollens of different existing plants, production cost is low which ensures more profit. Moreover, the nature of work involved in this activity is technical requiring skills and information only instead of physical efforts which makes this activity suitable for women.While maintaining bee colonies, instead of moving or remaining stationary the most important thing for a beekeeper is to ensure an area where honey supporting crops / plants are located or cultivated as these plants have a higher sugar concentration in their nectars, which is more attractive to bees and helpful in honey production. Hence beekeeping can be a part time business too.To increase the crop yield, in some countries farmers have to rent bee colonies for pollination. As beekeeping does not need additional land farmers in the areas where honey plants exist or supporting crops are cultivated, then farmers can adopt beekeeping as a part time profession resulting in higher incomes and crop yield.Beekeeping business if promoted can play an important role to alleviate poverty by engaging the labourforce. It can also reduce the existing trade gap by increasing exports of honey products. As beekeeping requires smaller amount of investments and results in higher profits, it is more effective in income generation and rural development as compared to the other economic activities of the country.It is because of these advantages that beekeeping as a tool for rural development and income generation has been widely realized and accepted, especially for developing and agricultural countries. Beekeeping projects in different countries like India, Zimbabwe, and Bangladesh etc, have been launched to attain these economic goals. To upgrade living standards of the people, assistance in the form of funds, management methods, training and technical information etc, to beekeepers has been provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and UK Department for International Development (DFID) in the countries where a lot of poverty exists, like Iraq and Afghanistan.By engaging the abundant labourforce in this industry a sufficient amount of honey can be produced, consequently resulting in attaining the critical goals of poverty alleviation and rising exports at the same time.To reduce poverty, especially in rural areas of India where most of the population is engaged in agricultural activities, there is a need to launch income supporting programs which are labour intensive, low education dependent and agricultural based. Beekeeping is directly related with agriculture and to manage a bee farm is not much complicated and after a period of short training, beekeepers can perform well and this business can flourish tremendously. Bee keeping projects are needed to be launched by providing interest free credit and high quality bees with training and technical information about the management of bee farms i.e. working pattern with bees, extracting pattern of honey from bee hives, use of different equipments etc, and know how about the cultivation schedule of different honey crops in India.To increase the exports of honey, from government side there is a need to search markets on an international level. Agricultural policies are required to promote honey plants and to protect beekeepers. There is a need to expand the forests in the country. Besides this, to raise honey demand in the international market, domestic producers and manufacturers should be trained to improve the quality and packing of honey. Furthermore, there is a need to increase the socio-economic status of the people so that domestic demand for honey can be increased within the country. It is a fact that India is an agricultural country and starting agro-related projects can be helpful to upgrade the socio economic status of the people.

Benefits to Bee Keeping It takes minimal time and effort in a season, therefore allowing for normal work-a-day activities to carry on. It has relatively low technology requirements! It is a low investment activity which requires only bee hives, bee suits and a few simple tools. Beekeeping basics are easy to master! Bees pollinate the indigenous flora, adding value to wild harvested fruits, nuts and economic trees and plants as well as 1/3rd to any food production through targeted pollination! Beekeeping projects can be linked with many other production projects to bolster participant numbers and income generation! Beekeeping provides employment and self-esteem; there is opportunity for quick return on investment, and minimal land requirements! Honey is a valuable non-wood forest product thus contributing to the preservation of forests around the world! Honey is a commodity that can be traded internationally as well as locally or regionally without special consideration as to storage or loss! Honey is a high value product with a stable and lucrative supply versus demand economy. Honey is very portable as well! Honey and its by-products have many healthy benefits for the consumer and are lucrative trade commodities in value addition form! Most honeybee products can be consumed as food, dietary supplements or used as medicine. And bee products have a long shelf life and are a valuable food source!

Executive Summary

Natural Bee farmNatural Bee Farm is a firm established by Ashvini Fulpagar . The business is established with the idea of Social Entrepreneurship. The project is divided into two main parts. One is a small scale plant of bee farming, which will set-up an example for people to start the same. Second part involves activity to train people especially farmers, women and those who are unemployed because of poverty and illiteracy so that they will be self-employed. Hence the urban region of Maharashtra state targeted to setup the project.

Business Background The Urban Beekeeping Project and the industry of beekeeping have presented us with the opportunity to start a business while giving back to our society by providing educational programs to help restore nature conservation and agricultural knowledge. Hence We people are gathered for Natural Bee Farm to act as pioneers in diversifying the beekeeping industry and hope to grow our co-operative to provide others with the same opportunity to earn a supplementary income. Business Description Natural Bee Farm is a new business that will initially focus on the retail of jars of pure honey and feral swarm relocation. Our mission is to continue to grow as a co-operative in products, services, members, and educational programs. We value environmental education and conservation. Objectives The objectives of the project are i. To market and supply honey and bee services to the public. ii. To train members in the above mentioned activities. iii. To inform the sociaty about beekeeping and conservation.iv. To train maximum people for bee farming including farmers, women and high school children.Vision:Reach at every village of India to supply honey and to train people!Business Description and Goals Natural Bee Farm is a new business that will initially focus on the retail of jars of pure honey and feral swarm relocation, defining the primary co-operative as a retail business. The second part will include training people for starting their own honey bee farming. The honey to be sold will be pre-jarred wholesale honey purchased from the Honeybee Foundation. After labeling all jars with our own logo and story, the pure honey will be sold to the public at local markets. With the use of a rented bakkie, feral swarm relocation will be a provided service that combines feral swarm removal with pollination services. Feral swarm relocation refers to the capturing of a feral swarm and relocating the swarm to a hive remaining on the customers property. The swarm will then provide pollination aid as well as small personal honey production. As defined in our constitution, our business description and restrictions include:i. To market and supply honey and bee serves to the public. This may include honey production, pollination, feral swarm removal and educational programs in conservation and agriculture. Future services may include sales of beeswax, propolis, pollen, bee venom, and royal jelly products. ii. Members will be trained to market the services of the co-operative, as well as how to harvest honey and other hive products, perform the related processes, remove feral swarms, carry out pollination services, and present beekeeping knowledge in educational form. iii. The business will not have restrictions within the Beekeeping Industry environmentMARKETING ASPECTS

Market Honeys sweet taste and medicinal properties segregates no demographic. Thus, our market is the general public at local markets (domestic market) of India.Product and Services Natural Bee Farm will provide pure honey as its first product. The pure honey is of the Cape Flats wildflowers which provide a particular taste, color, and story. In addition, we will offer feral swarm relocation services for those wishing to hive feral swarms for pollination or personal honey production uses.ProductSupplier

HoneyNatural Bee Farm

JarHilpack Jar

LabelsFevi Stickers

Suppliers Table1.SuppliersTarget Market The immediate market for the Honey and Bee-related Services is Nasik and the surrounding districts such as Dhule, Aurangabad, Thane where people with various income and age reside. Flea markets of these areas will be targeted for public honey sales and advertisement. Our product is a favorite of all ages, genders, and denominations for its sweet taste, cooking use, and medicinal properties. Our story will target a customer base who wishes to buy locally and support the sustainable livelihood efforts meant to uplift disadvantaged communities.Competition Currently, similar companies selling pure honey in supermarkets and commercial stores include Madhusha, Kisan Bee, Hilcrest, and Little Bee. Table provides these companies prices for the amount of pure honey they sell alongside Cape Flats Honeys product.

COMPANIESAMOUNT JAR MATERIALPRICE

Madhusha500gmGlassRs.48

Kisan Bee500gmPlasticRs.45

Hilcrest250gmGlassRs.33

Little Bee500gm,375gmPlasticRs.42, Rs33

Natural bee Farm250gmGlassRs.25

Table2. Competition Products and Price v/s Natural Bee FarmCompetitive Edge In order to make sure that the customers prefer Natural Bee Farms products and services, the prices are going to be kept affordable and possibly lower than that of the competitors. The quality of the products and the background of the founding members are believed to place our Honey at a favorable position within the industry. Fynbos honey and eucalyptus honey, which are the main products of Cape Flats Honey, are only produced in small amounts around Nasik district, thus separating us from our competition. All the honey produced and sold by natural Bee farm is 100% pure and obtained from flowers. Additionally, the vision behind Natural Farm Bee makes this business entity unique. Honey and Bee-related Services is the first co-operative to be formed by small town residents who have limited education but great passion for the conservation of nature. As the co-operative grows and the operations prove to be successful, this company is going to become a role model for future generations. Our story will show how someone without much investment of capital, education, environment and labourforce can become self-employed. Our story will show members of our town that it is possible to achieve success despite the disadvantaged conditions of our surroundings and everybody can become self-employed by following the same procedure. Our story will also appeal to the customer base who wishes to support the uplifting of disadvantaged communities.

Marketing Strategies Website and Social Networking Sites Natural Bee Farm has created a website and Facebook page to allow public access to the businesss story, services, and contact information. Additional social networking sites, such as twitter, and online advertising will continually be researched by the Marketing Advisor.Door-to-Door Distribution Small pamphlets and flyers with the business description, services, and contact information will be personally delivered to the homes of society. The personal delivery is meant to establish strong customer relations and business networking that will jump start an initial customer base. Reaching out to our society will prove useful in two ways: loyal customer base and society motivation. Personally talking to our community members will build a relationship that is familiar and close. By promoting our success through our background story, we hope to motivate others from our community that they, too, have the opportunity to be successful either by becoming a member of our project or starting their own. PublicityThe same flyers used in the Door-to-Door Distribution strategy will be posted to public bulletin board of the town, offices, public libraries, civil hospitals and medicals. Additionally logo, slogan, contact information will be displayed on pathways to attract attention. When travelling Door-to-Door, our members will wear a natural honeys t-shirt to display the businesss service and contact information in public areas. The marketing advisor will also be actively contacting newspaper and other printing services to receive the best deals for printing advertising.

Business Location The main place of business of the firm is situated at Palkhed in Nasik district. The location is chosen because here large number farmers doing floriculture. This helps in bee farming. As well as these farmers can do same side-business of bee farming and can earn more profit.

Product and Services Product and Service DescriptionThe specific product that a firm will focus on selling is labeled jars of pure honey. Honey was chosen as the main product to sell since it directly relates to the beekeeping activities and knowledge the firm wishes to sustain and share. Honey is naturally sweet, tasty, healthy, and enjoyable, which makes it a product for all audiences regardless of demographic. It can be used for cooking, baking, sweetening, eating and even wound treatment. Honey is a dynamic treat that requires very few materials in order to be sold. A jar of honey consists of three items: purehoney, a jar, and a label. Our product will initially be a resale of supplied wholesale pure honey. With the use of a bakkie, feral swarm relocation will be a provided service that combines feral swarm removal with pollination services. Feral swarm relocation refers to the capturing of a feral swarm and relocating the swarm to a hive remaining on the customers property. The swarm will then provide pollination aid as well as small personal honey production. Fronted bakkie rental costs will be covered by the profit generated in the General Reserve Fund by honey sales and returned by the profit of the feral relocation service once completed. In addition, Natural Bee farm will be providing an education program in assistance with current employees. No additional funding or material is needed for this service, only time and commitment by co-operative members.Hence,Primary product: HoneySecondary product: Beeswax, Propolis , Bee Venom ,Royal Jelly.Primary Services: Feral Swarm Relocation, Educational Program Secondary Services: Feral swarm removal, pollination.

Materials and Equipment In order to produce a jar of honey, there are three items needed: Honey, Jars (Jars refers to both lids and jar container), and Labels. Jars are necessary to the operation since they serve as the container for the product. 250g Glass jars with lids are expected to be used for our final product. The label will be crucial in providing product identification and information. We have two labels, one 5cm x 5cm with our story, and the other 5cm x 10cm with our logo, product description, and required information. Both labels are utilized to differential Natural Bee Farm Honey from the competitions.In the beginning stages of the firm, our honey production will not be sufficient to meet the markets demand; therefore, if there is need honey will be purchased from a wholesale supplier. Once the firm reaches a sufficient self-manufacturing of honey, it will require following equipments: Bees: Bees are readily available in the wild and the members of the firm are all trained in the skill of obtaining bee swarms. The bees are a vital component of the operation since they are the only natural producers of honey. Bee Hive: The beehive provides a safe haven for the bees, a location for the bees honey Production, and a facility for easy honey extraction. Smoker: The smoker is a tool utilized to manage the bees in the beehive during the honey collection process. It allows the person collecting the honey to freely access the hive without running the risk of swarm attacks. Protective clothing: Special clothes are required to be worn when dealing with bees. These clothes are used for safety precautions from potential bee stings. Hive tools: Hive tools are used to allow the apiculturist to easily open the hive and remove the hives collection box which contains the bees produced honey. Extractor: The extractor is a machine utilized to extract the honey from the hives collection box.

Equipments Used in Honey Production

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15

Top Honey Exportes in World

Production and Manufacturing Processes Manufacturing Process Description In order to produce a finalized labeled jar of honey, there are several steps that need to be taken. As previously mentioned, there are three items that are fundamental to the production of a jar of honey: honey, jar, and label. The honey will be obtained from a wholesale supplier at the start of the operation and will slowly shift into self-produced honey. The steps provided in table describe the initial process of obtaining these items and the final product.

Pure HoneyWholesaler supplied honey: 1. Obtain quotes from wholesale suppliers on honey from different amounts and price ranges. 2. Decide which wholesale honey will be most cost effective and beneficial to the operation while best quality. 3. Purchase the honey from the supplier and await delivery.

Self-produced honey: 1. Obtain and introduce hives to an open space (apiary) with surrounding suitable elements for bees to produce honey. 2. Supply hives with wild swarms of bees. 3. Allow time (about 3 months) for the bees to produce the pure honey while periodically checking the hive for any diseases or issues. 4. After the allowed time has elapsed, remove the honey collection box from the hive with the help of the hive tools and in the appropriate attire. 5. Once removed, take the collection box from the apiary to the extraction facility where the honey will be separated from the box. 6. The honey collection box is made up of panels which are place inside the extractor. The extractor then centrifuges the panel isolating the pure honey.

Jars1. Obtain quotes from suppliers on jars of different sizes and materials. 2. Decide which jar will be most cost effective and beneficial to operation while minding quality. 3. Purchase bulk jars from the supplier and await delivery. 4. Once the delivery arrives, bottle honey.

Label1. Obtain a designed label with all necessary information, i.e. logo, slogan, ingredients etc. 2. Send the designed label to suppliers to obtain quotes on labels of different sizes. 3. Decide which label will be most cost effective and beneficial to the operation. 4. Purchase bulk labels from the supplier and await delivery. 5. Once delivered, label jars.

Once the first production has been complete, a regular purchase or production of honey, jars and labels can occur to consistently provide product for sale.

Table2. Production Process for Jars, Labels, and Honey

Environmental Impact: The environmental impact from honey production is minimal. One of the objectives is to emphasize conservation. As a result, the group will do everything to keep the operation as environmentally conscious as possible. The jars that will be utilized will be made out of recyclable glass instead of chemically altered plastics. In addition, honey production is completely fulfilled by bees which are fundamental for the upkeep of all natural resources. Bees play a crucial role in pollination of plants and trees as they utilize the flower's pollen and nectar to create honey. The electrical usage will also be minimal since electricity will only be utilized in the extraction phase of the self-produced honey. The firm will be using nearby suppliers to ensure a small carbon footprint from the delivery trucks. Overall, Natural Bee Farm Services honey jar production will have a very low environmental impact while benefiting from the pollination brought upon by bees.

Quality Control To ensure quality, precise bee farming will be required of all firm members. Only pure, clean honey will be sold with no additives or mix of products. All members will from time to time analyze the health of the bees to ensure healthy, disease free bees are producing Natural Honey. Addition steps of checking for appropriate availability of food and water as well as the clean removal of pests. Once utilizing personal machinery, the machines will be cleaned by daily routine to ensure best quality control.

HUMAN RESOURCE

Staffing RequirementsThe staff required for the production of labeled jars of honey will be very small. Since the firm is within its initial stages a large staff is not feasible. Our seven individual employees have all been trained to practice bee farming under one of Tamilnadus most renowned beekeepers, Josephine Selvaraj of Vibis Honeybee Foundation. The individuals of our firm are all capable of dealing with bees, whether conducting a routine check up on a hive, collecting the honey, or removing and capturing wild swarms. We all meet the qualifications of someone wishing to venture into the production business. In addition, we have also received basic business skills training which will be utilized for keeping records of the production output, numbers of sales and purchases, and overall book-keeping necessary for a business to stay on track. All new members will be required to have the same training of bee farming and business to ensure sustainable quality of business.

Suppliers To ensure greatest profit and quality of product, numerous suppliers of honey, jars, and labels were researched. Table lays out the completive prices of the different companies for comparison. From these prices, Hilpaks 250g glass jars were chosen for the cost analysis and first purchases. Glass jars are desired over plastic jars for durability and better preservation of product. Sticker Mix provides the best labeling price per unit and as a total. The firm can purchase 400 front and back labels for the same price that Asset Print can provide 200 front labels and 250 back labels.

Jar CompaniesSize Material Minimum QuantityMinimum Order CostUnit Price

Hillpack250gmGlass378Rs.1150Rs.3.04

The Plastic Warehouse250gmPlastic10Rs.39.90Rs.4

Label CompaniesSize Minimum QuantityDesired QuantityDesired Order CostUnit Price

Fevi Stickers100mmx50mm100400Rs.575Rs.1.44

50mmx50mm100400Rs.288Rs.0.72

Table 3: Potential Jar and Label Suppliers Minimum Order and PricingFINANCIAL ASPECTS

Financial Administration Plan Finance Required and Utilization of Funds :The initial capital will need to cover first purchases of honey, jars, and labels to provide approximately 6000kg for sale.The acquired capital sponsored by the fund sources will be utilized for these initial purchases to start up the firms net revenue for use of future service and product growth. Once the firm generates enough revenue with leeway, additional items will be invested in.

ItemNeeded for StartupMin CostMax Cost

10050 Labels(400)Yes575

5050 Labels(400)Yes288

Additional Beekeeping Equipment

Bakkie Purchase900012000

Bakkie Rental150

Beehive Construction(1)250300

Beehive Purchase(1)400750

Chairs(2)160180

Computer(already have)Yes0

Damaged/lost goods

Fitting Cabinet120180

Fuel150

Honey(100kg)4000

Honey(50kg)Yes2000

Honey Extractor (Buy)15000

Jars(378)Yes1150

Ladder500

PackagingYes200220

Phone 150

Phone Bill99

Protective Boots150

Protective Clothing220

Protective Gloves150

RentYes1

Repairs

Safety Belt120

Taxes2000

T-shirts(Per Shirt)120

5060

Total Startup Cost=4234

Total Predicted Cost=40513

Table 4. Total predicted start-up cost

Financial ProjectionsThe firm is also prepared with the required costs that future services and products will entail. For security of slow growth in products, a three year projection of strictly honey products and feral swarm removal is provided in Table 5 . Each year, we expect to produce more honey as well as a larger customer network which describes the increase from year to year. For the first four months in business we expect to sell 400 jars of honey a month, the sole product. In May of 2013, enough revenue should be generated to purchase the required items for feral swarm removal. For the total of 2013, Rs 45,737 is our approximated profit. In 2014, we expect to increase our average monthly sales to 600 jars of honey through larger customer base as well as increased feral swarm removals generating Rs. 75,806 for the year. The next year will account for, again, a larger increase in honey purchases and feral swarm removals to establish a third years profit of Rs. 110,675. We project a slow first year due to new experience, unpredictable fall backs, and small customer base. In three years time, we plan to be in a much stronger position.

MonthProduct/ServiceMonthlySale(units)Unit Price(Rs.)TotalProfit(Rs.)Stock

(units)TotalPrice(Rs)Expenses

(Rs)Balance

(Rs)MonthlyTotal(Rs)YearlyTotal(Rs)

2014June-MarchHoneySwam Removal400225800100001600400216500658910003411600401145737

2015April-MarchHoneySwam Removal6004258001500032006004165009883200051171200631775806

2016April-MarchHoneySwam Removal800825800200006400800816500131774000682324009223110675

Table 5: Three Year Projected Honey and Swarm Removal Revenue

2013(Rs.)2014(Rs.)2015(Rs.)

ASSETS

Current Assets

Cash429676853694405

Inventory2770727016270

Other Assets000

Depreciation150015001500

Total Assets4723777306112175

Liabilities and Capital

Current Liabilities

Accounts payable43507001500

Current Borrowings000

Long Term Liabilities000

Earnings62971450728322

Net Worth365906209982253

Total Liabilities and Capital4723777306112175

Table 6: Three Year Projected Balance Sheet

For any business, net worth is an important figure to track. Table provides a three year net worth projection using the estimated yearly profits shown in above Table. Due to the firm is small scale, the balance sheet is fairly straight forward. Initially, very minimal earnings will be distributed to ensure the majority of the cash flow returns to the firm. In this projection, we expect our total assets for each of the three years to be accounted for in the total estimated profits. As a liability, the earnings will be 10% of the cash assets for the first year, 20% for the second year, and 30% for year three and likely continued for the next few years. For simpler tracking, no shares will initially be sold. The loan taken is returned to bank as a current borrowing. From accumulated assets and deducted liabilities, the first three years approximated net worth are as follows: Rs.36,590 for year one, Rs.62,099 for year two, and Rs.82,353 for year three.MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION

The management team is made up of seven directors. The current seven directors and their positions are as follows: Ms. Ashvini Fulpagar as General Manager, Ms. Shital Mohite as Chairperson, Ms.Nilam Mhaske as Secretary, Ms. Shalini Satre as Treasurer, Mr. Anand D as Accounting Advisor, Mr. Pravin as Marketing Advisor, and Mr. Yogesh as Educational Advisor. The duties of the management team are listed below as stated in the Natural Bee Farm constitution. The General Manager shall- i. Oversee all elected positions and operations to assure an effective and functioning co-operative. ii. Oversee everything pertaining to the business of the co-operative. iii. Be responsible for actively looking for business opportunities to propose to the steering committee. iv. Be responsible for the establishment of business contacts until the first sale, supply, or other service. Once in business, the secretary will act as the liaison. v. Be responsible for all negotiations in sales, suppliers, or other services at the approval of the steering committee. vi. Be the liaison for customer complaints, concerns, or questions that are outside the control of the secretary. vii. Report to the steering committee all things pertinent to the business of the co-operative.

The Chairperson shall- i. Act on the steering committee. ii. Run general and special meetings. iii. Write an agenda for all meetings with the requested agenda topics of the members and steering committee. The members and steering committee must submit agenda topic requests to the chairperson at least 2 days prior to the next meeting. iv. Oversee the bottling, labeling, and boxing operations. v. Be responsible for assigning available members and directors to the labor of bottling, labeling, and boxing unless otherwise fulfilled through an outside resource or supplier. vi. Act as an assistant to the general manager.

The Secretary shall-i. Oversee the smooth running of the day to day office operations. ii. Answer and make all general phone calls relevant to the day to day function of the co-operative. iii. Be provided with a phone to act solely as the phone of the co-operative. If the phone requires airtime purchases, the secretary must record all air-time usage. iv. Receive all financial records from the accountant and treasurer. v. File records of all finances, sales, banking, delivery, payments, orders, and cliental in an organized and readily available manner. vi. Be a co-signer on all cheques. vii. Act on the steering committee. viii. Inform members of the date, time, and location of the next general meeting with at least 7 days prior notice. ix. Record and file minutes for every general and special meeting.

The Treasurer shall- i. Be responsible for always knowing the financial standings of the co-operative. ii. Act as the liaison for all banking or financial related operations. iii. Be responsible for depositing cash or cheque deposits to the appropriate bank account. iv. Report to the secretary all financial, banking, and deposit records. v. Be a co-signer of cheques. vi. Oversee the calculations and operations of the accountant. vii. Be responsible for the firms financial books which shall be audited once a year for tax purposes by an outside party not related to the co-operative, unless otherwise exempt for up to 3 years by the CR8 Form. viii. Be responsible for seeing that the audit is completed at the appropriate time. ix. Render a report at each meeting concerning the updated financial affairs of the co-operative.

The Accounting Advisor shall- i. Be responsible for every financial calculation including but not limited to payments via cheque, payments via cash, deposits, transfers, purchases, and receipts, ii. Collect all fees or other money belonging to the co-operative. iii. Keep permanent record of all receipts and disbursements. iv. Disburse all funds belonging to the co-operative, pay all claims on the treasury, and keep an accurate account of all money received and expended. v. Assist the Treasurer in filing all tax and audit forms.

The Marketing Advisor shall- i. Be responsible for publicizing all co-operative products, sales, and sale locations and times. ii. Be responsible for developing and publicizing the firms story and values. iii. Be responsible for the development of the logo and label or message provided on products and advertisement material. iv. Act as the liaison for all outside advertisement resources including but not limited to newspaper ads, television, radio, signs, flyers, and business cards. v. Be responsible for generating a yearly marketing plan.

The Educational Advisor shall-i. Be responsible for organizing, developing, and improving all learning material within the educational program.ii. Be responsible for planning and implementing a yearly educational program.iii. Be the liaison for all outside resources pertaining to the educational program and development.iv. Be responsible for arranging all details for educational presentations and assigning available members to the confirmed presentations.v. Be responsible for educating all members on the presentation material so that all members can adequately present the educational program.

Trading HoursThe office hours will take place from Monday through Friday from 9am until 5pm. Sales and services hours may be subject to occur outside of office hours determined by appointment or various market schedules.

Training to PeopleThe firm will have training as a major part of service. Each week 2 persons from a firm will visit to a nearer village and will give training to people about bee keeping. The training will be focused upon collecting people especially needful women and poor farmers.The firm is aiming at to train people from each village of Maharashtra at least once and to motivate people for bee keeping to be self-employed.These motivated people can continue with our firm or they can start their own.The training will include Beekeeping as an alternative income venture, Traditional beekeeping and honey hunting, Modern beekeeping, Ecology of bees and Bee behavior, Beekeeping equipment and use.

Way Forward

Despite of all risks and challenges, the project must move forward as proposed.The way forward is to generate sufficient revenue to conduct the training activities in all over India.

Part-BFACTORS MOTIVATING TO BE A SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR

1.Social needs The primacy of the social mission over all other organizational objectives is the first key determinant of a potentially socially entrepreneurial venture. A social mission focus equates to an identification of an unmet social need or a new social value creation opportunity. In these senses, social entrepreneur is the one having social responsibility to improve their communities.2. Societal attitudes The current resurgence of Social entrepreneurship is a renewal of spirit that promotes the foundations of the non-profit sector; it is independent, and is built by individuals who see it as their responsibility to act to ameliorate social problems. Thus, the involvement with the social sector allows social entrepreneurs to recognize new opportunities and, also, to turn themselves into altruistic and more sensitive citizens, dissatisfied with the status quo and motivated to act with social responsibility. In this way, specific works in social entrepreneurship indicate that sensitivity to the feelings of others motivates social entrepreneurs to create social enterprises.3. Education Level Social entrepreneurs come from all walks of life. Some begin their careers as doctors, engineers, economists, teachers and journalists, among others. The literature on entrepreneurship states that peoples behavior is usually guided by their knowledge. Specifically, recent research studies show that, in general, higher levels of education have a positive effect on the probability of creating a firm. While research shows that success of high-performing social organizations depends less on personality than on the disciplined applications of (teachable) leadership and entrepreneurial skills. Hence colleges and universities can prepare students to think and behave like innovators. Moreover, to develop social entrepreneurs, universities could establish innovation funds to encourage student change making and stimulate collaborations with leading social organizations. 4. Access to financeIt is often assumed that start-up capital is a significant hurdle for social entrepreneurs. Research shows that in several countries show that individuals are sensitive to capital constraints in their decision to take entrepreneurial positions in particular, self-employment. In the same way, literature on the emergence and development of social entrepreneurial activities highlights the existence of financial constraints that social entrepreneurs must cope with in order to carry out their social mission. In this sense, many non-profit organizations see social enterprise as a way to reduce their dependence on charitable donations and grants, while others view the business itself as the vehicle for social change. Therefore, as mentioned a reduction of barriers to access finances, along with greater access to credit, will positively promote the emergence of new social enterprise projects, thus reducing the risks of budget uncertainty and dependence on public grants or aid.5. Public Spending In many countries, both developed and developing, there has been a systematic retreat by governments from the provision of public goods in the face of new political ideologies that stress citizen self-sufficiency and that give primacy to market-driven models of welfare. As a result, in many territories, the supply side of resources available for public goods has remained static or diminished. In the same way, in countries where the provision of social services (health, cultural, leisure and welfare) is scarce and mainly undertaken by public institutions, the emergence of social entrepreneurs is significant. Hence low levels of public spending increase the rate of social entrepreneurial activities.Challenges:Social Entrepreneurship in India has scope to improve in various sectors like ,To reduce poverty To provide sufficient water and food to poor peopleTo maintain health and sanitizationTo give basic services like medicine, education.

Part-CCASESTUDIES

1.SEARCH by Dr. Abhay Bang and Rani Bang

SEARCH (Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health) is a non-government organization registered as a public trust and charitable society in India.It was founded in 1985 by a doctor couple, Abhay Bang and Rani Bang. Inspired by the life and philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi, trained respectively as a physician and a gynecologist, and studied at the Johns Hopkins University USA, for their Master of Public Health. Their dream was to develop an institution of community health which provided health care to the local population, and generated knowledge for the global community by way of research. "Think globally, act locally!" After their medical studies and Masters in Public Health from Johns Hopkins University, they decided to relocate to the internal tribal pockets of Maharashtra. Abhay and Rani set up the Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health (SEARCH) to provide community healthcare to the tribes in Gadchiroli district located in the south eastern corner of Maharashtra, Gadchiroli is almost entirely rural. It has a large tribal population and had only 22 per cent literacy, scant transportation, and no industry to speak of.Dr. Abhay Bang and Dr. Rani Bang's work in the Gadchiroli district of Maharashtra has changed the face of health care in this area. Where healthcare was once non-existent, there are now a tribal-friendly hospital, experienced health workers in villages, and trained traditional birth attendants.By using rigorous research methods, they showed that their new approach, the Home-based Newborn and Child Care (HBNCC) could reduce the infant mortality to the level of 30 from the baseline of 121. This approach was celebrated by the Lancet as the Vintage Paper in the Lancet, has received global recognition and has changed the newborn care policy in several developing countries.The Government of India has introduced this approach in the entire country by training 800,00 ASHAs. In 1990, the couple raised a movement for liquor ban in Gadchiroli district. The movement resulted in liquor ban in the district in year 1992, being the first example in India of liquor ban due to public demand. In 2006, they started an initiative - NIRMAN, for identifying and nurturing social change makers in Maharashtra.They have received 53 awards international, national, state and private, including the gold medal of the Indian Council of Medical Research, Maharashtra Bhushan the highest award in the state and the Global Health Heroes by the TIME magazine.In the 62nd Annual Convocation of SNDT Womens University, Dr. Rani Bang (chief guest) was been awarded by Honorary Degree of Doctor of Letters (Honoris Causa)

2.Vibis natural bee farm By Josephine selvaraj

A 37 old year woman Josephine Selvaraj manages to earn about Rs.50,000 a month by bee farming. During the flower-blooming seasons, she pockets a few thousands more. Married to Madurai-based businessman Selvaraj in her teens, destiny ushered in ample twists and turns in her life. Some personal family issues put the onus on Josephine, who always nurtured a dream of becoming a successful agriculture-based entrepreneur.Her husband motivated her to complete Post Graduation in History and played a big role in her entrepreneurship.

So, at the age of 33, Josephine chose not to wallow in self-pity. Instead, she decided to make her life sweeter. Her serious and series of thoughts and a restless search for a niche led her into the premises of Agricultural College where she registered with Krish Vigyan Kendra for two courses that were in the pipeline bee keeping and mushroom cultivation. She learnt bee-farming at KVK to support her family with some extra income. So she started in 2006, with an investment of Rs 5,000 and ten boxes to rear the bees. Today she earns about a lakh rupee per month, and rears bees in more than 8,000 boxes. Josephine sells her honey to 23 districts in Tamil Nadu and also participates in a number of exhibitions across the country as time permits her to. Her honey is also supplied to Bangalore, Kerala and Mumbai, and in all she sells about 6,000 boxes of honey every year. Despite the great quality and a good demand for her products, Josephine is sure she will not export her products. There are so many places within India that I have not yet reached. I want to make sure my honey is available in every nook and corner of India, before I look outside, she says.The lady behind the entrepreneur:She has trained to people across schools, colleges, housewives and spread awareness among as many people as possible. She does this every second Sunday of the month, and today has trained 140 housewives and more than 50,000 people. About 420 people among the lot she has trained have also started their own bee farms. She was also invited to train inmates from Madurai Jail, and today 20 inmates from the jail are doing their own bee-keeping.Josephine is the only women in India to be doing bee-farming on such a large scale and for her efforts she has won the Collector Award for her Vadipatti taluka three years in a row. She was also awarded the Tamil Nadu Governments best farming practices award in 2010 and has the distinction of being the only lady farmer to have won that award to date. Josephine was recently awarded the Janakidevi Bajaj Puraskar 2012 for rural entrepreneurship.

3.GOONj-By Anshu Gupta

Goonj had demonstrated that cloth can be a powerful development resource for Indias last-mile communities. Goonj collects, sorts, repurposes and redistributes the excess and under used resources of urban households to the rural and urban poor, where material poverty is the deepest.Village and slum communities, in exchange of cloth and material, conduct self-organized local development and infrastructure building programs, leading to more than 500 infrastructure projects every year such as the setting up of schools, concrete roads, bridges, wells , irrigation canals and toilets across 1500 villages. The Cloth for Work approach spurs behavior change on both the demand and supply sides: marginal communities begin to believe in their own capacity for catalyzing change and urban India learns to contribute (rather than dispense) material, based on what the poor need. Every year, Goonj collects, reproduces and transports 1000 tonnes of materials to ultra poor communities in 21 states through a country-wide network of 250 grassroots NGOs, 200 engaged business houses, 100 schools and 500+ volunteers, at the cumulative cost of 97 paise per kg of material. Goonjs sanitary napkins program, created by remnants of waste cloth, has opened up a new field of development intervention in female reproductive health, with more than 2 million sanitary napkins distributed to first-time rural women users. Through its non-monetary and non-market model, Goonj is thus creating cloth and material rich communities where the meager resources of poor families can be freed up for urgent expenditures (rather than for the purchase of cloth), and village and slum infrastructure can be less dependent on outside funding. The Entrepreneur Popularly known as the Clothing Man, Anshu has an educational background in mass communications and economics. Starting as a freelance journalist, Anshu left a corporate job in 1998 and founded GOONJ with a mission to make clothing a matter of concern and to bring it among the list of subjects for the development sector. An Ashoka Fellow and the Global Ambassador of Ashoka, Anshu is creating a mass movement for recycling and reuse of tones of waste material by channelising it from the cities to the villages, as a resource for rural development. Hw was the finalist- Social Entrepreneur of the Year India 2012 by Skwab Foundation.

References[1]http://yourstory.com/2013/01/josephine-selvaraj-is-winner-of-the-20th-janki-devi-bajaj-puraskar-2012/[2]http://www.snvworld.org/files/publications/beekeeping_value_chain_financing_study_in_rwanda.pdf[3]http://www.esfd.cdr.gov.lb/uploads/Honey%20Processing%20Center.pdf[4] http://www.weforum.org/pdf/schwabfound/seoy/Social_Entrepreneurs_of_the_Year_2013.pdf[5] http://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/fvmhoney.pdf

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