Section 7 - Cell Energy
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Transcript of Section 7 - Cell Energy
![Page 1: Section 7 - Cell Energy](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081516/555033a6b4c905de2d8b504b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cellular Energy
Biology I Factoids
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Factoid 75
• Section 7
• ATP is the cell’s energy and it is made up an adenine molecule, a ribose sugar molecule, and three phosphate groups.
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Factoid 76
• Energy is released when chemical bonds are broken
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Factoid 77
• ATP breaks down into ADP and a phosphate group, releasing energy.
•
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Factoid 78
• ATP CYCLE
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Factoid 79
• Cellular respiration is the series of reactions that break down food into energy in the presence of oxygen.
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Factoid 80
• The three parts of cellular respiration are glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and the electron transport chain.
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Factoid 81• The mitochondria
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Factoid 82
• Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose into 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 Pyruvic acids
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Factoid 83
• The Kreb’s cycle (sometimes called the citric acid cycle) occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and uses the 2 pyruvic acids to produce 2 FADH2, 6 NADH, and 2 ATP.
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Factoid 84
• NADH and FADH2 are carrier molecules – they carry hydrogen ions to the electron transport chain
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Factoid 85
• The electron transport chain occurs on the inner membrane of the mitochondria (cristae) and uses the 2 NADH from glycolysis, the 6 NADH from the Kreb’s cycle, and the 2 FADH2, from the Kreb’s cycle to produce 32 ATP
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Factoid 86
• When you add the 2 ATP from glycolysis, the 2 ATP from the Kreb’s cycle, and the 32 ATP from the electron transport chain, you get a total of 36 ATP produced from 1 glucose molecule.
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Factoid 87
• The overall summary equation for cellular respiration is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6 H20 +ATP
Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide +water+energy
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Factoid 88
– After glycolysis, if there is no oxygen present, some cells can perform anaerobic respiration. (ana=no; aerobic=air)
– Occurs in the cytoplasm– Only produces 2 ATP from glycolysis.
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Factoid 89
– Lactic acid fermination• Pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid.• Muscle cells do this when they run out of oxygen.
Results in muscle soreness because the lactic acid is poisonous.
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Factoid 90
– Alcoholic fermentation• Pyruvic acid is converted into alcohol and carbon
dioxide.• Makes bread rise• Responsible for beer and wine production
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Factoid 91
• Photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophs use sunlight to change water and carbon dioxide into simple sugar and oxygen.
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Factoid 92
• The overall summary equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6 H20 +ATP C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon+water+energy Glucose+oxygen
dioxide
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Factoid 93
• The reactions of photosynthesis are divided into the light dependent reactions and the light independent reactions.
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Factoid 94
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Factoid 95
• In the light dependent reactions (which occurs on the thylakoid membrane), sunlight hits a chlorophyll molecule and water is split into H and O.
• NADPH and ATP are produced
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Factoid 96
• In the light independent reactions (which occur in the stroma), the ATP, NADPH, and Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere combine to make glucose (C6H12O6)
• AKA – The Calvin Cycle
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Factoid 97
• C4 plants store extra carbon dioxide during cooler time, to be used in the Calvin Cycle when the hot weather makes them close their stomata (leaf pores).
• Corn, grass, other tropical plants.
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Factoid 98
• CAM plants close their stomata during the day. They take in extra carbon dioxide at night and store it to be used in the Calvin cycle.
• Cactus, aloe vera, other succulent and desert plants.
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Factoid 99
• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are basically the reverse of each other.
• Photosynthesis is a building process and cellular respiration is a tearing down process.