CHAPTER 5Section 2, p. 124-128

The cycling of materials

What element is the essential component of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates?Carbon

The cycling of materials

Carbon CycleThe process by which carbon is cycled

between the atmosphere, land, water, and organisms.

CO2 is the main source of carbon in the atmosphere

Carbon Cycle

Carbon Cycle

Carbon is released into the atmosphere as CO2 through:

1. Respiration○ In animals AND PLANTS

2. Burning of fossil fuels○ Burning wood,

oil, gas, etc.

Carbon Cycle Carbon (CO2) is removed from the

atmosphere through:1. Photosynthesis

○ Plants and protists convert CO2 to O2

2. Diffusion into ocean (and other bodies of water)

○ CO2 gas dissolves

into the oceans waters

Carbon Cycle Carbon going back into the earth

through:1. A living organisms death and

decomposition○ Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins over time

turn into fossil fuels

2. CO2 diffused in water turn to carbonates○ Animals such as coral and shelled creatures

use this to make their hardened homes/bodies

○ Over time turns into limestone One of the largest carbon sinks of earth

Carbon Cycle

Next: Carbon Cycle Art

Carbon Cycle Art

Objects:PlantsAtmosphereCO2

WaterAnimalsOxygenFossil Fuels

Actions:DecompositionPhotosynthesisRespirationCombustion (burning)ErosionDissolving

Draw a depiction of the carbon cycle labeling the movement of carbon throughout the earth and atmosphere with arrows (pg. 124 is helpful)

Words that need to be incorporated in picture:

The cycling of materials

Nitrogen CycleThe process by which nitrogen is cycled

between the atmosphere, bacteria, and other organisms.

N2 (Nitrogen gas) is the main source of nitrogen in the atmosphere

Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle How do you think the N2 gas in the atmosphere

gets deposited in the soil?

Nitrogen (N2) is removed from the atmosphere through:1. Nitrogen fixation

○ Nitrogen-fixing bacteria turn atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia NH3Many of these nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in

nodules on the roots of plants known as legumes- Can you name some legumes?

○ Lightning also fixes nitrogen

Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle

Side note: Legumes are known to be higher in

protein than other plants. Why do you think this is?What are the main building blocks of

proteins?○ What element do they contain?

Amino Acids

Nitrogen Cycle

2. Nitrification○ Bacteria take the nitrogen in ammonia

and turn it into a form plants can use [ammonium (NH4

+) and nitrates (NO3-)]

What stations was nitrification taking place at? (hint: 4 of them) Atmosphere Surface Water Rain Water Groundwater Fertilizers Soils Oceans Live Animals Animal Waste Dead Plants and Animals Live Plants

What stations was nitrification taking place at? (hint: 4 of them) Atmosphere Surface Water Rain Water Groundwater Fertilizers Soils Oceans Live Animals Animal Waste Dead Plants and Animals Live Plants

Nitrogen Cycle

3. Assimilation The process in which the plants and

animals take up the nitrates into their cells

Nitrogen Cycle

4. Ammonification The death of a plant or animal or the waste

excretion by an animal is the initial form of organic nitrogen

Many bacteria and fungi convert this organic nitrogen into ammonium (NH4

+)○ Remember this ammonium can be taken

back up by living plants

Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen is released into the atmosphere as N2 through:

5. DenitrificationAnaerobic bacteria turn nitrates (NO3

-) and ammonium into atmospheric nitrogen (N2)○ These bacteria are found deep in the soil or

near water

What stations was denitrification taking place at? (hint: 2 of them) Atmosphere Surface Water Rain Water Groundwater Fertilizers Soils Oceans Live Animals Animal Waste Dead Plants and Animals Live Plants

What stations was denitrification taking place at? (hint: 2 of them) Atmosphere Surface Water Rain Water Groundwater Fertilizers Soils Oceans Live Animals Animal Waste Dead Plants and Animals Live Plants

Phosphorus and Nitrogen Used in fertilizers to optimize plant

growth and size However, excess fertilizer runs off into

plants bodies of water This can result in algal bloom (rapid,

overabundant growth of algae)

Algal Bloom

Algal Bloom

Nitrogen

Nitric oxide is released in the air from our cars and can form nitric acid in the atmosphereThis can lead to acid rain

Warm-Up Question

7. Using your notes answer the following:1. Nitrogen fixation is when…

2. The death of a plant or animal or the waste excretion by an animal is the initial form of ___________ nitrogen

3. The five steps of the nitrogen cycle in order are…

Hand in all warm-up questions