Section 13-5“Cycles”

Write everything Write everything that isthat is underlinedunderlined

13.5 Cycling of Matter

KEY CONCEPTKEY CONCEPT: : Matter cycles in and out of an Matter cycles in and out of an ecosystem.ecosystem.

13.5 Cycling of Matter

I. The Water CycleI. The Water Cycle1. The hydrologic, or1. The hydrologic, or water cycle is the water cycle is the circular pathway of water on Earthcircular pathway of water on Earth..

precipitation condensation

transpiration

evaporation

water storagein ocean

surfacerunoff

lake

groundwater

seepage

13.5 Cycling of Matter

2. Key terms for the water cycle:2. Key terms for the water cycle:

a.a. PrecipitationPrecipitation: : moisture that falls to the moisture that falls to the groundground (rain, snow, sleet, hail) (rain, snow, sleet, hail)

b.b. EvaporationEvaporation: : changing from liquid to changing from liquid to gasgas (water to water vapor) (water to water vapor)

c.c. TranspirationTranspiration: : plants give off water plants give off water vapor from their leaves to the airvapor from their leaves to the air

d.d. CondensationCondensation: : changing from gas to a changing from gas to a liquidliquid (little water droplets form on the (little water droplets form on the outside of a cold glass of lemonade - that’s outside of a cold glass of lemonade - that’s condensation)condensation)

13.5 Cycling of Matter

II. Oxygen CycleII. Oxygen Cycle: :

1. Plants make food by1. Plants make food by photosynthesisphotosynthesis

–They They use carbon dioxide (COuse carbon dioxide (CO22) to ) to

make oxygen (Omake oxygen (O22))

2. 2. Animals breathe out carbon by Animals breathe out carbon by respirationrespiration

–They use oxygen (OThey use oxygen (O22) and breathe out ) and breathe out

carbon dioxide (COcarbon dioxide (CO22) )

–By the way … humans are animals By the way … humans are animals tootoo

13.5 Cycling of Matter

Example: Oxygen Cycle:

oxygenoxygen

respirationrespiration

carboncarbondioxidedioxide

photosynthesisphotosynthesis

13.5 Cycling of Matter

Activity

• Draw, label, color, and explain the water cycle and Draw, label, color, and explain the water cycle and oxygen cycles on a sheet of paper.oxygen cycles on a sheet of paper.

• Page 413 figure 13.12 & 13.13Page 413 figure 13.12 & 13.13• Due tomorrowDue tomorrow

13.5 Cycling of Matter

III. Carbon CycleIII. Carbon Cycle

1. Carbon1. Carbon is the building block of is the building block of lifelife..

a.a. The carbon cycle moves carbon The carbon cycle moves carbon from the atmosphere, through the from the atmosphere, through the food web, and returns to the food web, and returns to the atmosphereatmosphere..

b.b. Carbon is emitted by the burning Carbon is emitted by the burning of fossil fuelsof fossil fuels (like oil, gasoline, (like oil, gasoline, and coal)and coal)

13.5 Cycling of Matter

Carbon Cycle: notice photosynthesis and respiration are back … they both involve CO2 (now we’re looking at the C for carbon)

fossil fuelsfossil fuels

photosynthesisphotosynthesis

carbon dioxidecarbon dioxidedissolved in waterdissolved in water

decompositiondecompositionof organismsof organisms

respirationrespiration

carboncarbondioxidedioxide

in airin air

photosynthesisphotosynthesis

combustioncombustionrespirationrespiration

13.5 Cycling of Matter

nitrogen inatmosphere

animals

denitrifyingbacteria

nitrifyingbacteria

nitrifyingbacteria

ammonium

ammonification

decomposers

plant

nitrogen-fixingbacteria in soil

nitrogen-fixingbacteria in

roots

nitrates

nitrites

IV. The Nitrogen CycleIV. The Nitrogen Cycle1.1. The nitrogen cycle mostly takes place underground.The nitrogen cycle mostly takes place underground.

2.2. Some bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia Some bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia through a process called nitrogen fixation.through a process called nitrogen fixation.

– Some nitrogen-Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria fixing bacteria live inlive innodules on thenodules on theroots of plants;roots of plants;others liveothers livefreely infreely inthe soil.the soil.

13.5 Cycling of Matter

3.3. Ammonia released into the soil is transformed Ammonia released into the soil is transformed into ammonium.into ammonium.

4.4. Nitrifying bacteria change the ammonium Nitrifying bacteria change the ammonium into nitrate.into nitrate.

nitrogen inatmosphere

animals

denitrifyingbacteria

nitrifyingbacteria

nitrifyingbacteria

ammonium

ammonification

decomposers

plant

nitrogen-fixingbacteria in soil

nitrogen-fixingbacteria in

roots

nitrates

nitrites

– Nitrogen moves Nitrogen moves through the through the foodfoodweb and web and returnsreturnsto the soil to the soil duringduringdecomposition.decomposition.

13.5 Cycling of Matter

geologic upliftingrain

weathering ofphosphate from rocks

runoff

sedimentationforms new rocks

leaching

phosphate in solutionanimals

plants

decomposers

phosphatein soil

V. Phosphate CycleV. Phosphate Cycle

1.1. PhosphatePhosphate is released by the is released by the weathering of rocks.weathering of rocks.

a. Phosphorus leachesPhosphorus leaches into groundwater into groundwater from the soil and from the soil and is locked in is locked in sediments. sediments.

b.b. Both mining andBoth mining and agriculture add agriculture add phosphorus into phosphorus into the environment. the environment.

13.5 Cycling of Matter

Activity

• Draw, label, color, and explain the Carbon and Draw, label, color, and explain the Carbon and Nitrogen cycles on a sheet of paper.Nitrogen cycles on a sheet of paper.

• Page 414-115 figure 13.14 & 13.15Page 414-115 figure 13.14 & 13.15• Due tomorrowDue tomorrow

13.5 Cycling of Matter

Review Questions 13.5 Cycling of Matter

1.1. What is the key concept of this unit?What is the key concept of this unit?

2.2. Define the key terms for the water cycle.Define the key terms for the water cycle.

3.3. What do plants take in and then give out. What do What do plants take in and then give out. What do animals take in and give out?animals take in and give out?

4.4. How does the carbon cycle move carbon?How does the carbon cycle move carbon?

5.5. Where is carbon emitted?Where is carbon emitted?

6.6. Where does the nitrogen cycle take placeWhere does the nitrogen cycle take place

7.7. What are phosphates released by?What are phosphates released by?