Section 1.1 The Distance and Midpoint Formulas; Graphing...
Transcript of Section 1.1 The Distance and Midpoint Formulas; Graphing...
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Section 1.1
The Distance and Midpoint Formulas; Graphing Utilities;
Introduction to Graphing Equations
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x axis origin
Rectangular or Cartesian Coordinate System
(x, y) Ordered pair
(x-coordinate, y-coordinate) (abscissa, ordinate)
•
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−8−7−6−5−4−3−2−1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
−7−6−5−4−3−2−1
1234567
Let's plot the point (6,4)
(-3,-5)
(0,7) Let's plot the point (-6,0)
(6,4)
(-6,0)
Let's plot the point (-3,-5) Let's plot the point (0,7)
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Quadrant I x > 0, y > 0
Quadrant II x < 0, y > 0
Quadrant III x < 0, y < 0
Quadrant IV x > 0, y < 0
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All graphing utilities (graphing calculators and computer software graphing packages) graph equations by plotting points on a screen.
The screen of a graphing utility will display the coordinate axes of a rectangular coordinate system.
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You must set the scale on each axis. You must also include the smallest and largest values of x and y that you want included in the graph. This is called setting the viewing rectangle or viewing window.
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Here are these settings and their relation to the Cartesian coordinate system.
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Finding the Coordinates of a Point Shown on a Graphing Utility Screen
Find the coordinates of the point shown. Assume the coordinates are integers.
Viewing Window
2 ticks to the left on the horizontal axis (scale = 1) and 1 tick up on the vertical axis (scale = 2), point is (–2, 2)
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Horizontal or Vertical Segments
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Find the distance d between the points (2, – 4) and (–1, 3).
( ) ( )( )221 2 3 4d = − − + − −
( )22( 3) 7d −= + 9 49= + 58= 7.62≈
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
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Find the midpoint of the line segment from P1 = (4, –2) to P2 = (2, –5). Plot the points and their midpoint.
4 22
x += 3=
2 52
y − −=
72
= −
73,2
M = −
1 2 3 4 5
−5
−4
−3
−2
−1
x
y
P1
P2
M
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Graph Equations by Hand by Plotting Points
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Determine if the following points are on the graph of the equation –3x +y = 6
(b) (–2, 0) (a) (0, 4) (c) (–1, 3)
−4 −3 −2 −1 1 2
2
−1
1
2
3
4
( )0 43 4 6− + = ≠ ( )3 62 0− − + = ( )3 3 61 33− + = + =−
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
Graph Equations Using a Graphing Utility
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To graph an equation in two variables x and y using a graphing utility requires that the equation be written in the form y = {expression in x}. If the original equation is not in this form, rewrite it using equivalent equations until the form y = {expression in x} is obtained.
In general, there are four ways to obtain equivalent equations.
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Solve for y: 2y + 3x – 5 = 4
Expressing an Equation in the Form y = {expression in x}
We replace the original equation by a succession of equivalent equations.
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Use a graphing utility to graph the equation:
6x2 + 2y = 36
Graphing an Equation Using a Graphing Utility
Step 1: Solve for y.
6x2 + 3y = 363y = −6x2 + 36y = −2x2 +12
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Step 2: Enter the equation into the graphing utility.
Graphing an Equation Using a Graphing Utility
Step 3: Choose an initial viewing window.
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Step 4: Graph the equation.
Graphing an Equation Using a Graphing Utility
Step 5: Adjust the viewing window.
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Use a Graphing Utility to Create Tables
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Create a table that displays the points on the graph of 6x2
+ 3y = 36 for x = –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, and 3.
Create a Table Using a Graphing Utility
Step 1: Solve for y: y = –2x2 + 12
Step 2: Enter the equation into the graphing utility.
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Step 3: Set up a table using AUTO mode
Create a Table Using a Graphing Utility
Step 4: Create the table.
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.
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Use a Graphing Utility to Approximate Intercepts
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Use a graphing utility to approximate the intercepts of the equation y = x3 – 16.
Approximating Intercepts Using a Graphing Utility
Here’s the graph of y = x3 – 16.
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The eVALUEate feature of a TI-84 Plus graphing calculator accepts as input a value of x and determines the value of y. If we let x = 0, the y-intercept is found to be –16.
Approximating Intercepts Using a Graphing Utility
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The ZERO feature of a TI-84 Plus is used to find the x-intercept(s). Rounded to two decimal places, the x-intercept is 2.52.
Approximating Intercepts Using a Graphing Utility