SDH Training Manual

Radio Link Divisionslides/kursavd/radio/STM-1/t-manual/kap01.ppt nr. 1 Rev. A

N L 2 9 x S T M -1 Radio re lay equipment

Definition

SSynchronous ynchronous DDigital igital HHierarchy ierarchy -- SDHSDH

n An international standard for high-speed optical and electrical telecommunications networks

n Based on technology that offers flexibility, realiability and efficiency to the users

n Todays solution for data-transmission in broadband telecommunications network



SDH background

SDH TRANS

PORTNERA

NEW DEMANDSNEW DEMANDS

n Standarised, efficient and reliable transport network

n Online service monitoring and protection system

n Higher flexibility and lower costs establishing and maintenance networks



SDH Advantages (Compared to P les iosynchr . Sys tem)

Direct access to low speed subsystems without full demultiplexing/multiplexing of high speed signals

Improved management and maintenance possibilities

Simpler upgrading to higher bitrates

Compatibility between european and american hierarchies



Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)

400 Mb/s

100 Mb/s

32 Mb/s

Nx45 Mb/s

45 Mb/s

6.3 Mb/s6.3 Mb/s

1.5 Mb/s

139 Mb/s

34 Mb/s

8 Mb/s

2 Mb/s

Japan NorthAmerica Europe

155 Mb/s

Nx155 Mb/s

: Synchronous : Asynchronous

Unified NNI

* * Synchronous Optical NETwork (SONET) +contributions from Japan and EuropeanContries, have been enhanched and usedas the basis for internationalstandardization activities

* First set of Recommendations in 1988

140 Mb/s45 Mb/s34 Mb/s6,3 Mb/s2 Mb/s1,5 Mb/s



SDH Bitrates

SynchronousTransport

Level

Bitrate AvailabilityRadio

AvailabilityFiber

STM-0 55 Mb/s Future Future

STM-1 155.520 Mb/s Today Today

STM-4 622.080 Mb/s (Future) Today

STM-16 2.488320 Gb/s - Today

STM-64 9.953280 Gb/s - Today



SDH Multiplexing Structure

VC-2

VC-12

VC-11

TU-3

TU-12

TU-11

TU-2

AU-3

STM-N AUG VC-4

VC-3

TUG-3 VC-3

C-3

C-2

C-12

C-11

139.264 Mb/s

44.736 Mb/s34.368 Mb/s

6.312 Mb/s

2.048 Mb/s

1.544 Mb/s

x1

x3

x4

x1

x7

x7

x3

x1

x3(150Mb/s)

(49 Mb/s)

TUG-2

C-4

PointerProcessing

Multiplexing

Aligning

Mapping

C-nx : ContainerVC.nx : Virtual ContainerTU-nx :Tributary UnitAU-n : Administrative UnitTUG-n : Tributary Unit GroupSTM-N : Synchronous Transport Module

Note : The use of plesio chronous bit rates for interfacing lower bit rate traffic removes thepossibility of management at the lower bit rate (e.g. 28 X 1.5 Mb/s in 45 Mb/s)

155 Mb/s x N

AU-4



V C-12 Mapping Structure

C-12

C-12

C - 12

VC - 12

TU - 12

VC - 4

AU - 4

STM - 1

TUG - 2

TUG - 3

Container for 2.048 Mb/s

VC - 12 POH

Byte interleave 3 x TU - 12

VC - 4 POH

AU - Pointer

Byte interleave 3 x TUG - 3

Byte interleave 7 x TUG - 2

SOH

POH

POH

POH

POH

C-12

TUG - 2 TUG - 2 TUG - 2 TUG - 2 TUG - 2TUG - 2 TUG - 2

TU - 12 TU - 12TU - 12

TUG - 3 TUG - 3 TUG - 3

3 x TUG - 3 = 21 x TUG - 2

3 x TUG - 3 = 21 x TUG - 2

VC - 4

TU - pointer



The SDH frame

SOH PAYLOAD

Synchronous transport module

n Frame header + Payload = STM -Synchronous transport module

n SOH - Section overhead Synchronisation, supervision and maintenance

n Payload Information transported

between two elements in a network



SDH framespeed

PayloadSOH

n Duplex transmission between elements

n Framespeed and required bandwith will increase with the value of n

SDH SDH

Element ElementA B

PayloadSOH

n x 8000 frames/sec

STM-1 : n = 1 STM-4 : n = 4 STM-16 : n = 16 STM-64 : n = 64



STM-1 frame structure

MSOH

AU - pointers

STM STM --1 payload1 payload

RSOH

261 bytes

270 bytes

9 bytes

3 rows

5 rows

1 row

STM - 1 bitrate:

8000 frames/sec x 9 rows/frame x 270 bytes/row x 8 bits/byte = 155.520 Mb/s



RSOH - Regenerator Section Overhead

A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 NU NUB1 MS MS E1 UN UN F1 NU NUD1 MS UN D2 UN UN D3 UN UN

Row 1 - in RSOH

Bytes 1 - 6 (A1,A1,A1,A2,A2,A2) contains the STM -1 frameword. (A1: 11110110, A2: 00101000)

Byte 7 (J0) contains the Regenerator section trace.(not used)

Row 2 & 3 - in RSOH

B1 - BIP- 8 for Regenerator section error monitoring.

E1 - Orderwire,voice channel for the regenerator section.

F1 - User channel, reserved.

D1-D3 - Data Communication Channel. The DCC is a 192 kb/s channel for supervisory traffic.

between regenerators.

NU - Bytes for National Use.

MS - Media Specific bytes.

UN - UNallocated bytes.

RSOH



MSOH - Multiplexer Section Overhead

B2 - BIP - 24 parity code calculated over all bits, exept those in RSOH, of the previous STM - 1 frame.

K1,K2 - Bytes for automatic protection switching between multiplexer sections.

D4-D12 - 576kb/s Data Communication Channel for supervisory traffic between multiplexer sections.

Z1-Z2 - 4 spare bytes reserved for future use.

E2 - Orderwire for the multiplexer section.

S1 - Syncronization status message.(not implemented)

M1 - Multiplex Section - Remote Error Identifier, MS-REI. (not implemented)

NU - Bytes for National Use.

UN - UNallocated bytes.

B2 B2 B2 K1 UN UN K2 UN UND4 UN UN D5 UN UN D6 UN UND7 UN UN D8 UN UN D9 UN UN

D10 UN UN D11 UN UN D12 UN UNS1 Z1 Z1 Z2 Z2 M1 E2 NU NU

MSOH



BIP- 8 parity

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

BYTE 1 BYTE 2 BYTE n

BLOCK FOR THE BIP CHECK

PARITY

CHECK # 1

PARITY

CHECK # 2

PARITY

CHECK # 8

BIP- 8 CODEWORD

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8BIP - Bit Interleave Parity

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8



AU - 4 Pointers

H1 and H2 : Information of- pointer value- pointer justification- concatenation indication- null pointer indication

H3 : Negative justification opportunity

MSOH

AU - pointersSTM -1 payload

RSOH

H1 Y Y H2 1* 1* H3 H3 H3

1* : All 1 s byteY : 1001SS11 (S - bits are not specified)

9 bytes



Multiplexing of AU-4 into STM-1

AU-4 POINTERS

RSOH

MSOH

AU-4

J1B3C2G1F2H4Z3Z4Z5

C-4

270 bytes261 bytes STM-1

3

1

5

VC-4 POH

(*)

261 bytes

VC-4

The VC-4 consists of a 9-row by 261-column payload structure withthe first column allocated to VC-4 path overhead (POH).

The STM-1 format consists of an AU-4 and section overhead (SOH).The AU-4 has a fixed phase relationship with respect to the STM-1 frame.The AU-4 pointer is located in the fourt row of the first nine colums of theSTM-1 frame between the bytes of the SOH. The remaining 261 colums of the STM-1 are allocated to the AU-4.

The phase of the VC-4 is not fixed with respect to the AU-4.Threfore the location of the first byte of the VC-4 with respect to theAU-4 frame is given by the SU-4 pointer.



VC - 4 Path Overhead

VC - 4 path trace

Path Bit Interleaved Parity,BIP-8

Signal label

Path status

* Path user channel

*Multiframe indicator

*Path user channel

*Automatic Prot. Switch. Channel

*Network operator byte

J1

B3

C2

G1

F2

H4

F3

K3

N1

C - 4

J1

B3

C2

G1

F2

H4

F3

K3

N1

For maintenance and supervision of high order paths, the VC - 4 contains 9 bytes of overhead. The overhead is arranged as one column of bytes within the STM-1 payload.

* Not implemented by Nera



Media Specific bytes in SOH

S1 - Syncronization Status Message

M1 - Multiplex Section - Remote Error Identifier

J0A2AAA1A1A1 A2 A2 A N

B1 E 1 F1 N N

D1 D2 D3

H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3H1

B2 B2 B2 K1 K2

D4 D5 D6

D7

D10

S 1 Z1 Z1 Z2 Z2 M1 E2 P#2

D9

D12

D8

D11

STM-1 SO H

N

STM-1RS OH

P OINTER

STM-1MS OH

H1

A1A1

H1

A1MS

2Mb/s

Me d ia S p e cificb yte s

2 Mb/s a s ync h ro no us

Stu ff in for ma t io n fo r 2 Mb/s

Pa rit y cor r e ct ion B2 #2 / #3

B it 0-1 RF-ide nt ifica t io nB it 2 Se c tion s yn c . lo s sB it 3 B ER 10 -3.B it 4 B ER 10 -6.B it 5 Sp a r eB it 6 Ext. s yn c. ind ica to rB it 7 E/M wire

64 Kbit/s Pro t e ct io n SW Co nt ro l.

B it 0-1 ATPCB it 2 Spa reB it 3 EWB it 4-7 Se ct ion e r ro r p uls e s

SI -

P -

MS1-

MS2-

MS3-

MS 2

SI

#1 #2 #3

P #3

MS 3

MS 1

#2 #3 #1 #2



Radio Relay as Part of a SDH Network

ADMMCFDXC

NETMN

:::::

Add-Drop Multiplexe rMe ssa ge Communication Fun ctionDigita l cros s-conne ctNe twork Eleme ntTe lecommun ica tion Mana geme nt Network

Inte rface :STM-1Electrica l/Optica l

NETMN Qx F

NETMN Qx F

MCF MCF

RADIOTERMINALADM/

DXC

NETMN Qx F

MCF

R ADIOTERMINAL

RADIOREPEATER

R S RS

MS

In terface:S TM-1Electrical/Optical

ADM/DXC

RS RS



Application of SDH Network Elements

SO HIN/OUT

SOHIN/OUT

SOHIN/O UT

S OHIN/OUT

SOHIN/O UT

TMNSTM-1Radio Relay

Te rmin al

S TM-1O ptica l Line

Te rminal

STM-1Optic al Lin e

Te rmina l

STM-1Radio Rela y

Termin al

STM-1Optica l Line

Termin al



SDH Radio Relay Ring

T

R

ADM

Terminal

Repeater

STM-1/VC12ADM

T

T

T

R RT

T

T

R RTT

R R

R R

R R

R R

R R

R R

ADM

ADM

R RT

T

T

R

R

T

R RR R T T R R

R RTT

T

T

R

R

ADM

R

R R

R R

R R

R R

R R

R R

T

T

R

ADM

ADM

T

T

R T

T

ADM

T

T

RR R

Warrington

Leicester

London

Leeds

Bristol



High Capacity Radio Evolution

1992

1985

SDHSTM-1

4-13 GHz

140 Mbit/s6 GHz16 QAM

NERASDH

RadioProgramme

Co-ChannelXPIC

STM-1City Link18 GHz23 GHz25GHz

64 QAM

1989

STM-1New Family4-25 Ghz

2000

1998



Digital RadioDigital Radio -- Relay SystemsRelay Systems

S T M -1

S T M -0

16x2 Mbit/s

4x2 Mbit/s

2x2 Mbit/s2 4 5 L6 U6 7 8 11 13 15 18 23 26 38

Frequency band ( G H z)

8x2 Mbit/s

In production

Under development

Planned

STATUS 18.08.98



Design philosophy for the STM-1 radio

u Introducing new STM-1 modem together with existing RF equipment (Equal or less BW than the 140 Mb/s PDH radio).

u 128 TCM modulation needed to limit the bandwidth.

u Both 140 Mb/s PDH and STM -1 data interface, electrical and optical.

u Can be used as MST and RST.

u Automatic N+1 protection switching for both STM -1 and 140 Mb/s interface.

u Integrated supervision system with on-line monitoring of transmission quality and system status.

u Interface to TMN with Q - protocol.

u Compact slim-rack design which easily can be expanded with more channels.



SDH radio rack in low version

,RCVRGRP

XMTRGRP

XMTRGRP

RCVRGRP

DE

MO

DU

LA

TO

R

MO

DU

LA

TO

R

MO

DU

LA

TO

R

DE

MO

DU

LA

TO

R

IFEQUALIZER

IFEQUALIZER

PW

RS

UP

PLY

PW

RS

UP

PLY

PW

RS

UP

PLY

PW

RS

UP

PLY

PW

RS

UP

PLY

PW

RS

UP

PLY

XM

TR

SW

ITC

H

RC

VR

DIS

T.

SY

NC

.U

NIT

AC

UA

LM64

kb/s

64kb

/s

RS

OH

SU

RP

S

Q-A

DA

PT

.

MSOH OR 64KB/S ADAPT64KB/S ADAPT

AAUSVCE TEL 1 & 2

PABX ADAPT

RELAY UNITCMI SPLITTER

2Mb/S WAYSIDE INP/OUTP

ACU ALM BD

SVCE CH P CH 1CH 1 CH P

1,7m



Additional features

64 TCM modems (4, 5, U6, 11GHz bands) give 3 - 4 dB improved system gain

CCDP (4 GHz, L6GHz, U6GHz, 11GHz)

High Power Amplifiers,+ 2dBm more in output (4,U6 GHz)

G.826 - performance data calculations

Qx adapter based on Lucent management system



Principal block diagram

Modulator TransmitterZ ' E'

RF Tx FilterA'

BranchingNetwork (* )

B'Waveguide

C'

CBRF Rx F ilter

AEDemodulator

Z

D'

D

RF Rx Filter

DDCcBBAA

(**)

DIVERSITY RECEIVER PATH

BranchingNetwork (*)

Branchin gNetwork (*)

WaveguideReceiver

Receiver

(*) NO FILTERING INCLUDED(**) CONNECTION AT IF

A 155 OR 140 Mb/s INTERFACE IS USED AT POINTS Z &Z

Waveguide

Feed

Feed

Feed



Technical specifications

GENERAL

Data interface155.520 Mb/s synchronous SDH

or139.264 Mb/s plesiochronous PDH

Transmission capacity 155.520 Mb/s synchronous SDH

Frequency bands NL 294 3.6 - 4.2 GHzNL 293 4.4 - 5.0 GHzNL 290 5.9 - 6.4 GHzNL 295 6.4 - 7.1 GHzNL 299 7.4 - 7.7 GHzNL 292 7.7 - 8.3 GHzNL 291 10.7 - 11.7 GHzNL 296 12.7 - 13.3 GHz




System Configuration Up to 7+1 frequency and space diversityUp to 8+0 frequency and space diversityOccasional traffic on ch.protection1+1 Hot - standby

System Gain B - B (1x10E-3) 102 dB : NL 293, NL 294, NL 295, NL 290100 dB : NL 292, NL 299

98 dB : NL 29197 dB : NL 296

Intermediate frequency 70 MHz

IF input /output level 0 dBm

Temperature range - 5C to + 45C (normal operation)- 25C to + 55C (storage conditions)



TRANSMITTER

RF output level (ref. point B ) + 29.0 dBm : NL 290, NL 293, NL 294, NL 295+ 28.0 dBm : NL 292, NL 299+ 26.0 dBm : NL 291+ 25.0 dBm : NL 296

Dynamic output power range 15 dB

Frequency stability < + 10 ppm

RECEIVER

RF input level range (ref. point B ) -17 dBm to -73 dBm

Threshold for BER 1x10-3 -73 dBm

Frequency stability < + 10 ppm





MODEM

Modulation methode 4-D Trellis Coded Modulation combined withViterbi decoding increases the system gain bymore than 4 dB compared to 64QAM uncoded.

Adaptive equalization 13 taps ( 8 linear and 5 feedback) adaptive timedomain equalizer combined with a slopeequalizer on IF, virtually eliminates the effect ofdispersive transmission conditions.

Auxiliary capacity: - 2 Mb/s - service channels

2.048 Mb/s. G. 703 available on all channels.14 (maximum) 64 kb/s channels (V.11 or V.24).



Optional units / functions

n Alarm Adapter Units

n PABX adapter

n MSOH adapter

n Alarm board

n SVCE telephones

n ATPC function

n 2 Mb/s Wayside

n 64 kb/s adapters

n Optical interface

n Synchronization unit for externalsynchronization



Technical Specifications

Supervision systemThe internal supervision system isorganized as a Network Element inaccordance with Rec. G.784.Interface to TMNUser F-interface

Q-interface protocol in accordance with Rec. G.773.V.11 electrical interfaceV.24 interface towards IBM compatible PC

Primary powerNominal voltage

1+1 system terminal/repeater includingprotection switching and service channelsFor each additional RF channelsFor each additional RF channelterminal/repeater

24 Volt DC (range : 20-30 V) or48 Volt DC (range :40-60 V)

290 / 500 W

150 / 250 W

Mechanical characteristicsRacksComplete 1+1 terminalThrough repeater, 1+1

120 x260 x 2200 mm or 120 x 260 x 2600 mm3 racks5 racks



Receiver threshold (4D-128TCM)Measu red: 20 th of Janu ary 1 993

6 4 QAM inc. FEC

SDH

10 -1

10 -2

10 -3

10 -4

10 -5

10 -6

10 -7

10 -8

10 -9

10 -10

-7 8 -76 -74 -72 -70 -68 -66

Received s ign al le ve l poin t A (dBm)

Bit

Err

or-r

atio

-64

ETSI Require men ts



Signature measurement (128TCM)0

10

20

30

4040

30

20

10

055 60 65 70 75 80 85

B(d

B)

B(d

B)

f (MHz)

MINIMUM PHASE

NON-MINIMUM PHASE

TEST OBJECT: NL290 SDH Radio

(Modem loop)

Delay: 6,2 ns

Stop criterion: BER=10-3

Measured: 11th of January 1993



Radio Terminal Radio Terminal -- STMSTM--11

64 kb/s adapters. CH1PABX Adapt. Svce. Tel.Express Svce. Teleph.Omnibus Svce. Teleph.

RPS

R SOHAdapterSupervisory

Data Distribut ionACU CH PACU CH1ACU C HNAAU No2AAU No1

Demodulator Unit R CVR Gr oup

IF Equal


IF Equal


IF Equal

RCVRBranching

XMTRBranching

XMTR Gr oup

XMTR Gr oup

XMTR Gr oup

Modulator Unit

Modulator Unit

Modulator Unit

2 MHz Synch. Inp.

2 Mb /s Wayside traff ic2 MHz Synch. Inp.

2 Mb /s Wayside traff ic2 MHz Synch. Inp.

2 MHz Synch. out2 Mb/sWayside traff ic

2 MHz Synch. out2 Mb/sWayside traff ic

2 MHz Synch. out

CHP

CH1

CHNRelay &Driver Unit

Relay &Driver Unit

Relay &Driver Unit

CH N139 .264 Mb/s

G.703

CH1155 .520 Mb/s

G.703

CHP155 .520 Mb/s

G.703

2 Mb/s BUS

2 Mb/s BUS

2 Mb/s BUS

2 Mb/sBUS

2 Mb/sBUS

2 Mb/sBUS

XMTR Swi tch

CHPCMI SplitterCHP

155.520 Mb/sG.703

CMI SplitterCH 1

155.520 Mb/sG.703

CMI SplitterCHN

139.264 Mb/sG.703

CH1

CHN

PowerSupply

+5 V-5V

+15V-15V

MSOH - Adapters

64 kb/sAda pters

CHANNEL N

CHANNEL 1

CHANNEL P

CHANNEL N

CHANNEL 1

CHANNEL P

64 kb/s adapters. CHN

**

*

*

*

*

*



64 kb/s adapte rs. CH1

64 kb/s adapte rs. CHNPABX Adapt. Svce.Tel.

Express Svce. Teleph.Omnibus Svce. Tel eph.RSOH

AdapterSupervisory

ACU C HP, DIR2ACU CH1, DIR2ACU CHN, DIR2AAU No 2

RCVR Group

IF Equal

RCVR Group

IF Equal

RCVR Group

IF Equal

RCVRBranching

XMTRBranching

XMTR Group

XMTR Group

XMTR Group

ACU C HP, DIR1ACU CH1, DIR1ACU CHN, DIR1AAU No 1

RCVR Gr oup

IF Equal

RCVR Gr oup

IF Equal

RCVR Gr oup

IF Equal

XMTR Gr oup

XMTR Gr oup

XMTR Gr oup

XMTRBranching

2MH zSynch out

2Mb/s Waysi de traff ic

2MH zSynch out


2MH zSynch out


Demod ulatorU nit

ModulatorUnit

STM-1

Ctrl. sign. 2Mb/s Wayside traff ic

Demod ulatorU nit

ModulatorUnit

STM-1


Demod ulatorU nit

ModulatorUnit

STM-1


2Mb/s waysi de traff ic

2MH zSynch out

2Mb/s waysi de traffic

2MH zSynch out

2Mb/s wayside traff ic

2MH zSynch out

Mo dul atorU nit

STM-1

Ctrl. s ign.

2Mb/s Wayside traff ic

Mo dul atorU nit

STM-1

Ctrl. s ign.


Mo dul atorU nit

STM-1

Ctrl. s ign.


De modulatorUnit

De modulatorUnit

De modulatorUnit

RC VRBranching

Radio Repeater Radio Repeater -- STMSTM--11



1 + 1 STM-1 Terminal without XSU and RDDU.

CH1140/155 Mb/s

G.703

IF-Equalizer

RCVRBranching

CHP140/155Mb/s

G.703

CMI splitter Modulator XMTR Group

XMTRBranching

CH1140/155 Mb/s

G.703CH.P

Ch.1

Ch.1

Ch.P

Ch.PRCVR GroupDemodulator

RCVR Group

IF-Equalizer

Modulator XMTR Group

Relay unit Demodulator

CMI splitter Modulator XMTR Group

Demodulator RCVR Group

IF-Equalizer

BRANCH

BRANCH

CH.1

CH.P

CH.1

CH.P

155 Mb/s/ 140 Mb/s

155 Mb/s/ 140 Mb/s

Radio Link Divisionslides/kursavd/radio/STM-1/t-manual/kap03.ppt nr.1 Rev. A

N L 2 9 x S T M -1 Rad i o re lay equipment

4D-128 TCM Modulator

IF

OUT

CMI

G.703

CABLEEQUALIZER

CMICODEC(ASIC)

POHINS

2Mb/sWAYSIDE

C4MUX

(ASIC)

STM I(ASIC)

SOH IN/OUT

TCM-EN CODINGMAPPING &FIR-FILTER

((ASIC)

I & QMODU-LATOR

CMICODER

CMI OUTTO XMTR

DATA SWITCH



Modulator unit

SIDE VIEW

CMI-CODEC

CABLE EQUALIZER

C4-MUX

STM-1

TRELLIS ENC.AND FIR-FILTER

D/A D/A

MODULATOR PART

FRONT VIEW

UNIT ALM.

DATA IN IF OUT

IF TEST OUT

MAIN INPUTS :

CMI input (front) : 155 or 140 Mb/s

CMI/ECL input (back) : 155 Mb/s from XMTR switch

Wayside traffic input : 2.048 Mb/s, HDB3, G703

MAIN OUTPUTS :

IF output (front) : 70 MHz, 0 dBm, 75 Ohm

IF TEST output (front) : 70 MHz, -10 dBm, 75 Ohm

CMI/ECL output (back) : 155 Mb/s to XMTR switch

ALARMS:

MOD. UNIT ALM. : LOS ALM

: LOF1

: 2 M SYNC ALM

: 311 PLL ALM

: 2 M WAY ALM

: TRELLIS PLL ALM

: IF OUT ALM



CMi - Codec (Modulator)

4 x 39 Mb/s DATA(4 x 35 Mb/s)

INPUTDETECTOR

CMIDECODER& CLOCK

RECOVERY

Data

Clock

SERIALTO

PARALELL

Input alarm (LOS)

39 MHz CLK (35MHz)

CMI



C4 MUX

POH

Data in Internal2 Mb/s bus

4 x Data in39/35 Mb/s

CTRL

CTRL

VC - 4POHInsert

MUX

Framegenerator

4 x 39 Mb/sData out

(155,5 Mb/s)



STM-1 ASIC Modulator part

AU-pointerprocess

MSOH +2Mb/s

waysidein

BIP24gen

RSOHin

Scr.Burst

coder +BIP-8gen. Regout

Protout

2MHzsync

SOHout

BIP 8/24check

Descr.Framesync

Frame sync Frame gen

4 x DataInput



Trellis Coder / FIR - filter

4 x Data38.88 Mb/s Elastic

storesand

demuxClock

Differentialencoder

Trellisencoder

Mapping,2

dimensionalset andpoint

numbers.Gray

encoding

VCXOW/PLL

47.852 MHz

2 to 1MUX

FIR - filterI

I1

I2I2 to 1

MUXFIR - filter

II 10 x Data

+Clock

I

2 to 1MUX

FIR - filterQ

Q 10 x Data+

ClockQ

Q2

Q1



4 - Dimentional Trellis-coding

13 databit coded and mapped to 14 bit and trans mitted in twosymbols of 7 bits each

Informa tion bitrate / s ymbol : 13/2 = 6,5

Symbol ra te : 155.52 Mb/s / 6,5 = 23.92 Ms ymbols/s

MAPPING

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

I 1

Q 1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

11

12

13

14

I 2

Q 2

128 point c ros sconstellation (27)

DIFFERENTIAL

CONVOLUTIONAL

CODER



5 databit coded and mapped to 6 bit and transmitted in onesymbol 6 bits each

Information bitra te / symbol : 5

Symbol ra te : 155.52 Mb/s / 5 = 31.104 Msymbols /s

64 point cros sconstellation (2 6)

MAPPING

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

1

2

3

4

5QCONVOLUTIONAL

CODER

64 states Trellis coded modulation



Modulator part

D/A

10 linesData Q

Clock

LP-filterEql.

Mixer

LO90

D/A

10 linesData I

Clock

LP-filterEql. Mixer

BP-filter Eql. BP-filter IFout

IFtestout

IFoutalarm

Leveldetector



Transmitter Group

dB

~OSCILLATOR

UPCONVERTERPRE-

DIS TORTI ONdB

IF INPUT

0 dBm

RF OUT

LO MONITOR

AGC

RF POWER OUTALM.

ALARM BOARD

ALC

INDICATORBOARD 0 dB -3 dB -6 dB -10 dB

RELATIVEOUTPUTPOWER

+

+

+

NOMINALOUTPUT POWER



Transmitter unit Alarms & Indicators

ALM

NOM

- 3 dB

- 6 dB

- 10 dB

TRANSMITTERUNIT 1

Unit alarm

Nominal power out

Reduced power out

Reduced power out

Reduced power out



IF Predistortion Circuit

dB

50

9 0

IFOU T

IFIN PU T

IF IN PU TAL A RM

75

dB

1 80

1 8 0

dB

dB

L E V ELD ET EC TOR

0

0

0



Local oscillator

R 2 N A

CONTROL

PROMCHANNELSWITCH

129128

8f

VTDRO

TCXO

SYNTHESIZER IC

MOD. CONT.

PLLALARM

OSC OUT+17 dBm

MON OUT

DET



Up-converter

3dB3dB

90

90 90

3dB

MOD

MOD

IF IN0 dBm

CTRLBOARD

LO IN17dBm

RFOUT-8.0dBm



Power Amplifier

dBRF INP- 8 dBm/50ohm

REGULATOR BOARD

V DS

V OS

V DS

V OS

V DS

V OS

V DS

V OS

V DS

V OSRF ATT

- 5 V

GND

+ 9.4 V

RF OUT

RF DET



Transmitter spectrum 155 Mbit/s 128 TCM Systems

50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

Frequency from the Nominal Centre Frequency (MHz)

CENTER 6.1970 GHz SPAN 100.0 MHz

* RBW 10 kHz * SWP 90 sec* VBW 300 Hz

Measured afte r transmitte r branching filter.

ETSI mask for STM - 1 systemswith channel spacings of 28 MHz and 29.65 MHz

(dB) RL - 16.7 dBm 10 dB/



ATPC Automat ic Transmit ter Power Contro l

n Nominal input level is set on receive side

n Feedback through MS3 bit 0,1 in RSOH

n 15 dB dynamic range

n 50 dB/s maximum regulation speed

n RCVR input level adjustment range; -25 dBm to -50 dBm

n To reduce interference between radio hops

n Reduced power consumption gives better MTBF figures



ATPC - NL29x-family

Modulator

STM-1 XMTR RCVR

Demodulator

STM-1

ATPC-ctrl

Modulator

STM-1 XMTRRCVR

Demodulator

STM-1

SupervisoryUnit

ATPC-ctrl

ACUSupervisory

Unit

ACU

AT

PC-X

MT

R

ATP

C-a

larm

ATP

C- h

igh e

r /lo

wer

ATPC-ctrl

140/155 Mb/sCMI, electrical

IF

AT P

C-h

i ghe

r/ low

er

AT

P C- X

MTR

ATP C

-ala

rmRef-level

IF


IF

Ref-level

ATPC-ctrl 0-1 0

Vre

gula

tion

v ol t a

ge



Station 2Station 1



Transmitter unit - ATPC included Alarms & Indicators

ALM

NOM

RED

ON

ATPC

TRANSMITTERUNIT 1

Unit alarm

Nominal power out

Reduced power out

ATPC on

ATPC alarm

Radio Link Divisionslides/kursavd/radio/STM-1/t-manual/kap05 ppt. nr.1 Rev. A


Receiver Group

AM PL MIXER

OSC . FREQ

OSC . LEVEL

AMPL

HOP -EQ.

ALMBOARD

VAR .ATT.

LNA AGC

LNA AGC

AMPLAM PL BP -FILTERIF -EQ. V AR.

ATT.VAR.ATT.

RF INPUT LEVEL (meter reading)

MGC-control

RF INPUT

IF OUT

OSCILLATOR

LNA and mixer unit

IF amplifier

AGC amplifier



LNA & Mixer Unit

dB

IFOUT

RFINP 90

LO INPUT0

90

0

+

- REF.

AGC TO IF-AMP.



Local oscillator

R 2 N A

CONTROL

PROMCHANNELSW ITCH

129128

8f

VTDRO

TCXO

SYNTHESIZER IC

MOD. CONT.

PLLALARM

OSC OUT+17 dBm

MON OUT

DET



Main IF / Hop Equalizer

EQUALIZER GROUP DELAY

IF 1OUTIF 1

INP



IF - Amplifier

MGC switch&

Level control

AGC Level control

AMPLIFIER

LevelDetector

IF Input IF Output

MGCControl Voltageto AGC Amp.

RF Input LevelMonitor Voltage

AGCVoltagefrom LNA

Level Detector



A G C - Amplifier

IF INdB

SLOPEEQUAL.

DELAYEQUAL.

SAW-FILTER IF OUT

DET-ECTOR

/CON-

TROLLER

BP-FILTER

60 MHz

80 MHzMGCCTRLfrom IF-amp.

BP-FILTER

IF OUTTEST



Space Diversity Receiver

OSC

ISOLATOR DET.

AMPL MIXER

OSC.FREQ

OSC.LVL.

AMPL AMPL

AMPLBP

FILTERIF

AMPL.EQ.

VAR.ATT.

RF INP

IFOUT

AMPL MIXER AMPLRF INP

SPLITTER

PHASESHIFTUNIT

AMPL

COMB.

MAIN

SPACE

ALMBOARD

HOP-EQ.

HOP EQ.+

VAR. DEL.

VAR.ATT.

VAR.ATT.

VAR.ATT.

VAR.ATT.



Main + Space div. IF / Hop Equalizer

E QUAL IZERGROUP DELAY

E QUAL IZERGROUP DELAY

ABS DEL AYEQUALIZER

IF 1INP

IF 2INP

IF1OUT

IF2OUT



LO Splitter & Phase Shift Unit

dB90

+

-

DET

MOD

MOD

0

LO OUT(MAIN RC VR

Control Input 1

LOInp

ControlInput 2

LO Out(Space Diversity RCVR)

Ref.



IF amplifier & Combiner unit

MGCALM

IF INP MAIN

AGC/MGCSWITCH

IF INP SPACE

AGC VOLT LNAMAIN

MGC CONTROL VOLTAGE TO AGC-amp.

SPACE DI VALARM

LP-FILTER &BUFFER 1

LP-FILTER &BUFFER 2

SPACE DIVERSITY COMBINATOR CO NTROLLER

SWITCHOU T CONTROL

SPECTRUM SHAPEDETECTOR

IF OUT

PHASECONTROLVOLT.1

PHASECONTROLVOLT.2

AGC VOLT LNA SPACE

RF- INPUT LEVEL MAIN

RF- INPUT LEVEL SPACE

IF-AMP.

IF-AMP.

LEVEL DETECTOR

LEVEL DETECTOR

POWERCOMBINER

SPECTRUM SHAPEDETECTOR



4D-128 TCM Demodulator

I & QDEMODU-

LATOR

I

Q

ATDE( ASIC)

CMICODEC(ASIC)

SOHOUT

POHOUT

Trellisdecoding

&VITERBI

errorcorrection

(ASIC)

STM I(ASIC)

C4DEMUX(ASIC)

CMI INPUTFROM,

PROTECTION

2Mb/sWAYS IDE

Prot.

CMI G.703

CMI/ECL

IF INP



Demodulator unit

MAIN INPUTS :

IF input (front) : 70 MHz, 0 dBm, 75 Ohm

CMI/ECL input (back) : 155 Mb/s from RDDU.

MAIN OUTPUTS :

CMI output (front) : Data 155 Mb/s or 140Mb/s

CMI/ECL output (back) :Data 155 Mb/s

CMI TEST output (front) : Data 155 Mb/s or 140 Mb/s

Wayside traffic output : 2.048 Mb/s, HDB3, G703

ALARMS:

DEMOD. UNIT ALM. : IF INP ALM

: LOF1+ LOF2

: SYNCL VIT ALM

: ALIGN PLL ALM

: CMI OUT ALM

SIDE VIEW

IF INPUT CMI DATA OUTPUT

CMI TEST OUT

DEMODULATOR

ANALOGUE PART

CMI CODEC

C4 DEMUX

STM-1

VITERBI

ATDE

A/D A/D

FRONT VIEW

UNIT ALM.

AISHIGH BER

LOW BER



Demodulator unit, 2DNF129B

IF INPUTMAIN INPUTS :

IF input (front) : 70 MHz, 0 dBm, 75 Ohm

CMI/ECL input (back) : 155 Mb/s from RDDU.

MAIN OUTPUTS :

CMI output (front) : Data 155 Mb/s or 140Mb/s

CMI/ECL output (back) : Data 155 Mb/s


Wayside traffic output (back) : 2.048 Mb/s, HDB3, G703

ALARMS:

DEMOD. UNIT ALM. : IF INP ALM

: LOF1+ LOF2

: SYNCL SEC ALM

: ALIGN PLL ALM

: CMI OUT ALM

SIDE VIEWFRONT VIEW

AIS IND

HBER

LBER

POWER SWITCH

CMI DATA OUTPUT

UNIT ALM.

140 Mb INT

CMI TEST OUT

POWER ON

CMI CODEC

C4 DEMUX

STM-1

VITERBI

ATDE

DEMODULATOR

ANALOGUE PART

A/D A/D

P401

P201Da

tato

/fro

mX

PIC

boar

d

Po

we

r to

XP

ICbo

ard

BERCALC.

DELTA X



Demodulator part

IF in

Active mixer

Active mixer

VCO

LP-filter

LP-filter

LP-filter/sweep

I-eye

A/D

A/D

Q-eye

10

ATDE

Clk

10

Variabledelay

PLL

48 MHzVCXO

Trellisdecoder

12I

12Q

Clock

Level detector IF inalarm

0 90

4D +clock



A T D E

12I-channel

12Q-channel

Clock

Inputcircuit I

8-tapLFE

5-tapDFE

Carrier recoveryClock recoveryAlgorithm selectionTentative decision

Inputcircuit Q

8-tapLFE

5-tapDFE



A T D E Main Features

n Filter length 13; 8 taps forward and 5 taps feedback

n Adaptive algoritms MLE and LMS

n Generates demodulator control signals for carrier recovery and timing recovery (separate for I - and Q - channel)

n Built-in digital AGC, DC - offset adjustment (separate for I and Q) and Quadrature phase adjustment

n Prepared for XPIC operation

n Filter length 13; 8 taps forward and 5 taps feedback

n Adaptive algoritms MLE and LMS

n Generates demodulator control signals for carrier recovery and timing recovery (separate for I - and Q - channel)

n Built-in digital AGC, DC - offset adjustment (separate for I and Q) and Quadrature phase adjustment

n Prepared for XPIC operation



Trellis decoder

Diff-decoder

13 to 4

and

elastic

stores

Data

mux

Clock

4

Data

12

Demapping4d to2 times2ddecoding

Trellisdecoder,

Graydecoder

anddata

regeneration

Clock

Data

12Clock

I

Q

Synchloss

BERcalculation

circuit

HBERLBEREWBERErrorpulses



STM-1 ASIC Demodulator part

Frame sync Frame gen

Static delay

Regin

Burstdecoder+ Frame

sync

Descr +BIP 8/24

check

SOHout

Protin

Framesync

Descr.

Alignment+Hitlessswitch

SOH +2Mb/s

waysideout

AU-pointerprocess

MSOH +2Mb/s

waysidein

BIP 24gen

RSOHin Scr.

BIP 8gen Data

out

2MHzsync.



C4 DEMUX

4 x Data in38.88

AU - 4Pointer

processing

CTRL Framedetector

CTRL

CTRL

Demux

Remotealarm

ErropulsesfromBIP-8BIP-24POH

VC-4POH

extract

Data outInternal 2Mb/s bus

4 x Data out34.816 / 38.88



CMI - Codec (Demodulator)

PARALELLTO

SERIAL

CMICODER

140 Mb/sor

155 Mb/s

34,8 / 38,8MHz CLK

4 x 34,8 /4 x 38,9Mb/s Data

CMI(front)

CMI/ECL(back) 155Mb/s

CMI TEST(front)

Radio Link Divisionslides/kursavd/radio/STM-1/t-manual/kap07 ppt nr.1 Rev. A

NL29x S TM-1 Radio relay equipment

Supervisory & SwitchingSupervisory & SwitchingSupervisory & SwitchingSupervisory & Switching

Loca l LC DR S2 32

PC

DDCCCCDD11 -- DD33

DDCCCCDD11 -- DD33 M

MSS22

In terna l bus

ACU1

ACUN

M C FR S4 85

RSOH

192Kb/sV.11192 Kb/s V.11 64Kb/sV.11

XSU

ASF

Ctrl

sig n

als

NIACUAAU

SU

::::

Network InterfaceAlarm Collection UnitAlarm Adapter UnitSupervisory Unit

RSOHMS2DCCXSUASFRPS

::::::

Regenerator Section OverHeadMedia Specific byteData Communication ChannelXmtr. Switch UnitAlignment Switch FunctionRadio Protection Switching

Qx to T M N

S U RP SN IR S4 85Relay control

AAU1

AAU2

RCVR. DISTR.

Parallell interface

Analogue inputs

Radio alarmsParity B1 B2 B3

Radio alarmsParity B1 B2 B3Analogue inputs

Switching criteria

Part of DEMODULATOR

Remote control

External alarms

External alarms

Remote control



RPS main functionsRPS main functionsRPS main functionsRPS main functions

CONFIGURATION Set stand-by channel Set switch limit Select channel priority Enable / disable alarm inputs Set manual switch access Activate default configuration data

MANUAL SWITCHING Switch RCVR direction Switch XMTR direction

STATUS INFORMATION Internal communication status Local RCVR / XMTR status Remote RCVR / XMTR status



1 + 1 Switching1 + 1 Switching1 + 1 Switching1 + 1 Switching

C

C

H 1

HP

CH 1

CHP

CH1140/155 Mb/s

G.703CMI splitter Modulator

Modulator

XMTR Switch

RCVR DataDistribution

CH1140/155 Mb/s

G.703Relay unit

Relay unit

Demodulator

Demodulator

RCVR Group

IF-Equalizer

RCVR Group

IF-Equalizer

RCVRBranching

XMTRBranching

XMTR Group

XMTR Group



1 + 1 Switching (1 + 1 Switching (1 + 1 Switching (1 + 1 Switching (occoccoccocc. traffic). traffic). traffic). traffic)

CH1140/155 Mb/s

G.703

RCVR Group

RCVR Group

IF-Equalizer

IF-Equalizer

RCVRBranching

CHP140/155Mb/s

G.703(Occasional traffic)

CMI splitter

CMI splitter

Modulator

Modulator

XMTR Switch

XMTR Group

XMTR Group

XMTRBranching

RCVR DataDistribution

Relay unit

Relay unit

Demodulator

Demodulator

CH1140/155 Mb/s

G.703CHP

140/155 Mb/sG.703

(Occasional traffic)

Ch.1

Ch.1

Ch.P

Ch.P



Radio Protection SwitchingRadio Protection SwitchingRadio Protection SwitchingRadio Protection SwitchingTERMINAL REPEATER TERMINAL

CMISPLIT

MODMOD

MOD

MOD

DEMOD

MODDEMOD

MODDEMOD

MODDEMOD

MS2 MS2 MS2

FIFO BUS

to SU

64 Kb/s, V.11(Chan P - Chan 1)

MS2

DEMOD

DEMOD

DEMOD

DEMOD

MS2 MS2

FIFO BUS

to SU

RELAY

RELAY

RELAY

RELAY

64 Kb/s, V.11(Chan P - Chan 1)

64 Kb/s, V.11 64 Kb/s, V.11

MODCMICH1

CMI

CMI

CMI

CH2

CH7

CHP

CTRLSIGN.

CTRLSIGN.

CTRLSIGN.

CTRLSIGN.

CTRLSIG N.

CTRLSIGN.

CTRLSIGN.

CTRLSIGN.

CTRLSIGN.

CTRLS IG N.

CTRLSIGN.

CTRLSIGN.

CTRLSIGN.

CMICH1

CMI

CMI

CMI

CH2

CH7

CHP

ASF

ASF

ASF

ASF ASF

ASF

ASF

ASF

CMISPLIT

CMISPLIT

CMISPLIT

RPSRPS

XMTR SWITCH

DATADISTR



Main traffic Main traffic Main traffic Main traffic ---- normal operationnormal operationnormal operationnormal operation

Dem

odulator

Dem

odulator

Dem

odulator

Dem

odulator

DATA INPUTFROM MUX

Ch.P Ch.1

Tx Tx

Rx Rx

SVCE-rack

Modulator

Modulator

DATA OUTTO DEMUX

Ch.P Ch.1

Tx Tx

Rx Rx

SVCE-rack

Modulator

Modulator

Units which carry traffic

Tx-switch

Rx-dist.

IF-signal, 70 MH/zDATA -signal,main trafficRF-signal

Splitter & Relay Splitter & Relay



Main traffic Main traffic Main traffic Main traffic ---- faultyfaultyfaultyfaulty chchchch.1.1.1.1

Dem

odulator

Dem

odulator

Dem

odulator

Dem

odulatorDATA OUTTO DEMUX

Ch.P Ch.1

Tx Tx

Rx Rx

SVCE-rack

Modulator

Modulator

Ch.P Ch.1

Tx Tx

Rx Rx

SVCE-rack

Modulator

Modulator


Tx-switch

Rx-dist.

DATA INPUTFROM MUX





Emergency switchingEmergency switchingEmergency switchingEmergency switching

Dem

odulator

Dem

odulator

Dem

odulator

Dem

odulator

Ch.P Ch.1

Tx Tx

Rx Rx

SVCE-rack

Modulator

Modulator

DATA OUTTO DEMUX

Ch.P Ch.1

Tx Tx

Rx Rx

SVCE-rack

Modulator

Modulator


Tx-switch

Rx-dist.

DATA INPUTFROM MUX



When automatic switching occurs,Tx-side and Rx-side operateindependently.



XMTR Switch unitXMTR Switch unitXMTR Switch unitXMTR Switch unit

8-1 MUX

c h0

c h1c h2

c h7

8relays

ch 0Cableeq &split

c hpc h1

c h7140/155

converter

2/1mux

155 CMI in(ECL frommodulators)

HitlessSwitchStatus

140/155CMI in(FROM cmiSPLITTER

XMTRRelaySwitchStatus

CMI OUT(to protectionmodulator)

CMI driver

OUT alm

Channel on prot.

Control signals from RPSStatus readback to RPS

Converter almSEL 140

XSU

Unit ALM(red)

SEL 140(yellow)

AIS INP(yellow)

Status latchingand

status readback



Receiver Data Distribution UnitReceiver Data Distribution UnitReceiver Data Distribution UnitReceiver Data Distribution Unit

STM - 1

CMI OUT CH 1

C- 4DEMUX

CMIINTERFACE

CMI OUT CH 7

CMIDRIVER

DATA INP. ALM

RELAY SW. OPERATIONOR OCCASIONAL TRAFFIC140/155 Mb/s

GND

ENABLE 155 Mb/s FROM RPS155/140 converter

CMI/ECL155 Mb/sDATA FROMPROT. DEMOD

G.703155 Mb/s

FROM PROT.DEMOD

ALARMDETECTOR

SPLITTER&

LINEDRIVER

SELECT140/155 Mb/sFROM RPS



Relay UnitRelay UnitRelay UnitRelay Unit

12345678910CP1

RELAY CONTROL +15VRELAY CONTROL RETURN

CMI OUT

FROM PREVRLY/PROT

TO NEXT RLY

FROM RGLR CH



1 + 1 STM1 + 1 STM1 + 1 STM1 + 1 STM----1 Terminal without XSU and RDDU.1 Terminal without XSU and RDDU.1 Terminal without XSU and RDDU.1 Terminal without XSU and RDDU.

CH1140/155 Mb/s

G.703

RCVR Group

RCVR Group

IF-Equalizer

IF-Equalizer

RCVRBranching

CHP140/155Mb/s

G.703

CMI splitter

CMI splitter

Modulator

Modulator

XMTR Group

XMTR Group

XMTRBranching

Relay unit Demodulator

Demodulator

CH1140/155 Mb/s

G.703

CH.P

Ch.1

Ch.1

Ch.P

Ch.P



Supervisory systemSupervisory systemSupervisory systemSupervisory system

Display unitR S 2 3 2

P C

DDCCCCDD11 -- DD33

DDCCCCDD11 -- DD33

ACU1

ACUN

RS485/RS232

19 2 K b/s V.1119 2 Kb/s V.11

Q x to T M N

S UN IRS485 /Twisted Pair Ethernet LAN

AAU1

AAU2

Parallell interface to RPS

Analogue inputs

Radio alarms

Parity B1 B2 B3

Radio alarms

Parity B1 B2 B3

Analogue inputs

Remote control

External alarms

External alarms

Remote control

Internal bus



SU SU SU SU ---- main functionsmain functionsmain functionsmain functionsAlarms

Internal alarms

External alarms

Indicators

Meter readings

Performance measurementsParity errors

Viterbi errors

Error seconds

G. 821

G. 826

ConfigurationEquipment configuration

Network configuration

Interface towards TMN



Alarm Collection UnitAlarm Collection UnitAlarm Collection UnitAlarm Collection Unit

375 kb/s bus to SU

V.11

serialcomm

16Analogue Inputs

Parity ErrorInterface

56Detector inputs



Alarm Adapter Unit BoardAlarm Adapter Unit BoardAlarm Adapter Unit BoardAlarm Adapter Unit Board

1

8

1

32

...

...

Bus toSU

V.11serialcomm

8 Remote control

Outputs

32Detector inputs

To externalequiment

From externalequipment



SDH Radio NetworkSDH Radio NetworkSDH Radio NetworkSDH Radio Network

NI

SSS : SDH-Radio Supervisory SystemNI : Network InterfaceDCC : Data Communication Channel

QxSU1.1

PC Terminal DCCDCC

Section 1

Section 2Section 3

Qx

DCC

NI

SU1.3

Terminal

SU3.1

Terminal

SU3.3

TerminalRepeater

Repeater

SU1.2

SU3.2

DCC

NI

Qx

PCNI

Qx

PCNI

Qx

PCNI

Qx

PCNI

Qx

PC

NISU2.1

Terminal

SU2.2

Terminal PCQx

PC

NI

DCC



Supervisory systemSupervisory systemSupervisory systemSupervisory system

L o c a l L C DR S 2 3 2

P C

DDCCCCDD11 -- DD33

DDCCCCDD11 -- DD33

ACU1

ACUN

M C FR S 4 8 5

19 2 K b/s V.1119 2 Kb/s V.11

Q x to T M N

S UN IR S 4 8 5

AAU1

AAU2

Parallell interface to RPS

Analogue inputs

Radio alarms

Parity B1 B2 B3

Radio alarms

Parity B1 B2 B3

Analogue inputs

Remote control

External alarms

External alarms

Remote control

Internal bus


NL29x STM-1 Radio relay equipment

NEWNEW--NMSNMS



NEW-NMS

Configurator set-up of two elements

(one hop)

on-line monitoring only

NEW-NMS (hardware key needed) up to 50 Network Elements

both SDH and PDH elements

alarm log

performance log

map

The user interface to all NERA transmission products



Getting started



Autodiscovery



Configuration



Tree view



Performance



Analogue measurements



NEW-NMS FUNCTIONS



Map navigator



Map view



Fault log manager



Performance log manager



Radio links supervised by NEW

NL2000

STM-1

ADMor

DXC

NIRS232

NEW

NL2000

NL290

STM-1

STM-4/16

NL290CityLinkSTM-1

CityLink

NI

CityLink CityLink

Sub STM-1

nx2 Mb/sadd/drop

CityLink

nx34 Mb/sadd/drop

NL180NL1804x2 Mb/s

NL240NL24016x2 Mb/s

NI NI

CityLink

RS232

NEW

NI

Public net

LAN/WAN

SNMPmanager

WEBbrowser

NI



SOH SOH SOH SOH ---- Bus systemBus systemBus systemBus system

192kb/sDCC 1-3 64kb/sMS 2

2 Mb/sSVCE-bus

The traffic of these adapters will follow the main traffic, and will be protected in the same way. (exept RELAY - switching)



Access to SOH & POHAccess to SOH & POHAccess to SOH & POHAccess to SOH & POH by 2Mb/s buses at a Terminal stationby 2Mb/s buses at a Terminal stationby 2Mb/s buses at a Terminal stationby 2Mb/s buses at a Terminal station

SS

STM -1 IN

STM -1 OUT

MODULATOR

DEMODULATOR

IF INPUT

IF OUTPUT

SVCE -bus

ALIGNMENT & SWITCH

BUS 1

BUS 3POH

POH BUS 2 BUS 1BUS 3

64 KB/S ADAPTER

MSOH -ADAPTER

RSOH -ADAPTER

OMNIBUS & EXPRESS TELEPHONE

STM -1 DATA FROM CH. PROT.

64 KB/S ADAPTER



DEMODULATOR

DEMODULATOR

IF INPUT

IF OUTPUT

SVCE -busBUS 1

BUS 3

BUS 1BUS 3

64 KB/S ADAPTERS

MSOH -ADAPTER

RSOH -ADAPTER

OMNIBUS & EXPRESS TELEPHONE

64 KB/S ADAPTERS

MODULATOR

MODULATORIF INPUT

IF OUTPUT

REPEATER DIRECTION UP

REPEATER DIRECTION DOWN

Access to SOH Access to SOH Access to SOH Access to SOH by 2Mb/s buses at a Repeater stationby 2Mb/s buses at a Repeater stationby 2Mb/s buses at a Repeater stationby 2Mb/s buses at a Repeater station



RSOH adapterRSOH adapterRSOH adapterRSOH adapter

Internal2 Mb/s

bus

2Mb/s businterface

DIR 1RCVR

RSOH bytesout

RSOH bytes in

Extract

Insert2 Mb/s businterface

DIR 1XMTR

2 Mb/somnibusinterface

2 Mb/s businterface

DIR 2XMTR

2Mb/s businterface

DIR 2RCVR

ExtractInsert

ReqProt

ReqProt

RSOHin

RSOHout

Req

ReqProt

Prot

RSOH bytes areMS2 and D1-D3



64 Kb/s Adapter64 Kb/s Adapter64 Kb/s Adapter64 Kb/s Adapter

Modulator and Demodulator or to / from RSOH-adapter

2 Mb/s bus to / from

Clock 64 KHz

Data 64 Kb/s

Data 64 Kb/s

Clock 64 KHz

V.11/G.703Interface

CHN A

2 Mb/s busInterface

&Control

VLSI

V.11/G.703InterfaceCHN B

DIL-SWConfiguration

Data 2 Mb/s

Data 2 Mb/s

Sync 500 MHz

Clock 2 MHz



Service ChannelService ChannelService ChannelService Channel

CODECRing.Gen

dB

dB

dB

DILswitch

DILswitch

DTMFdecoder

Timeslotselect

Local telephone

Extensionline

4 Wire

To / Fromother equipment

Sig. bus

Sig. bus

Sig. bus Analog bus

Selective nr. setting

Signaling bus

2 Mb/s busto / from RSOH

Call

e / mwire

SLIC

SLIC

4 WInterface

Other eq.Interface

2 Mb/sInterface

Control



PABX adapter location.PABX adapter location.PABX adapter location.PABX adapter location.

AAU1AAU2

SERVTELEPH1SERVTELEPH2

PABXADAPTER

ADAPTER1

ADAPTER2

ALARMSW

(Adapter 1 is connected toviabackpanel)

(Adapter 2 is connected toviabackpanel)

(WhenPABXAdapter is installed,Alarms must beenabledbyopenSW no.5(ADAPTER1) andSW No.6 (ADAPTER2)

BACKPANELUWB309

the OMNIBUS

the EXPRESS



Synchronization unit,Front and Side viewSynchronization unit,Front and Side viewSynchronization unit,Front and Side viewSynchronization unit,Front and Side view

S21

J6

J5

J4

J2

P1

P2

SYNC 2MHz

SYNC 2MHzUnit 26 Man alm

Inp 1

Inp 2

Rcvr A

INP

Unit almRcvr B

OUT

J3 J4

J5

J1 J2

J6

J1:Sync.2.048 Mhz inputJ3:Sync.2.048 Mhz input

J2:Sync.2.048 Mhz outputJ4:Sync.2.048 Mhz outputJ5:Sync.2.048 Mhz outputJ6:Sync.2.048 Mhz output

Source selection ( S2 )



Synchronization unitSynchronization unitSynchronization unitSynchronization unit

G.813clock

PLL

G703 driver

RS422 driver

XMTR

Output 1

Output 2

Output 3

Output 4

Normal/Alarm

Xmtr/Rcvr

RcvrA/Rcvr B

Input1/Input 2

SOH S1-byte64kb/s interface

G703 receiver

G703 receiver

RS422 receiver

RS422 receiver

Input 1

Input 2

RCVRA

RCVRB

.

FromExternalSource

From TwoSelectedDemodulators

2,048 MHzReference SignalDistributed To AllModulators In TheTerminal



System block diagram w/Optical interfaceSystem block diagram w/Optical interfaceSystem block diagram w/Optical interfaceSystem block diagram w/Optical interface

MUX

DEMUX

TRAN

SCEIVER

,O/ E & E/ O

CMICODER

CMIDECODER

CTR

L.& ALM

CMISPLITTER

MICROCONTROLER

MOD.Tx

XMTR.SWITCH

DEMOD

RELAY

SWITC

H

OPTICALRADIOINPUT

OPTICALRADIOOUTPUT

Rx

OPTICAL INTERFACE UNIT

PREV.RELAYNEXT RELAY



Optical interface unit,Side viewOptical interface unit,Side viewOptical interface unit,Side viewOptical interface unit,Side view

S20 0

32 J

5

32 J

4

32 J

3

32 J

2

32 J

1

Tx data/From Demod.

To next relayFrom previous relay/prot.

Rx data/to Mod.

Rx data/to Tx sw.



ConnectionsConnectionsConnectionsConnections

J1J2J3J4J5

Opti c

ali np

utR

CVR

Opt

ical

out

put

iut

XM

TR

Rx

data

/to T

x sw

.

Rx

data

/to T

x M

od.

From

pre

viou

s/pr

ot

To n

ext r

elay

Tx d

ata/

From

Dem

od.



G.703 Co directionalG.703 Co directionalG.703 Co directionalG.703 Co directional

Externalequipm.

64 kb/s Adapter

RxD

TxD

RADIO Timing included in data.

Slip if the external equipmenthave no synchronization from radio.



G.703 Contra directionalG.703 Contra directionalG.703 Contra directionalG.703 Contra directional

Externalequipm.

64 kb/s Adapter

RxD

TxDRxC

TxC

RADIO



V.11 Contra directional.V.11 Contra directional.V.11 Contra directional.V.11 Contra directional.

64 kb/s Adapter

Externalequipm.

RxD

TxDRxC

TxC

RADIO Co directional not available with V.11



Two term. back to back with 64 kb/s adapt.Two term. back to back with 64 kb/s adapt.Two term. back to back with 64 kb/s adapt.Two term. back to back with 64 kb/s adapt.

Externalequipm.

64 kb/s Adapter

RxD

TxDRxC

TxC

RADIO

64 kb/s Adapter

RADIO

Dir.1 Dir.3



MSOH adapterMSOH adapterMSOH adapterMSOH adapter

MSOH bytesin

Insert2 Mb/s businterfaceXMTR

2 Mb/s businterfaceRCVR

Extract

MSOHout MSOH bytes are:

K1, K2 and D4-D12

Radio Link Divisionslides/kursavd/radio/STM-1/t-manual/opt.int. ppt. nr. 1 Rev. A


Hot Stand by configurationHot Stand by configurationHot Stand by configurationHot Stand by configuration

Hot Standby configuration provides 1+1protection against equipment failure

No protection against fading

Both automatic and manual switching to standby channel

It is normally used when 1+1 frequency diversity is impossible to use,due to lack of available frequencies



Front view Hot Stand by logic board.Front view Hot Stand by logic board.Front view Hot Stand by logic board.Front view Hot Stand by logic board.

A B C D E F G

For more details about A to G,see text part.



Hot Stand by switching menu for RFHot Stand by switching menu for RFHot Stand by switching menu for RFHot Stand by switching menu for RF----switch.switch.switch.switch.

Hot Stand by

Current ch. : 1

Manual ControlNew State : 1

Unknown State

< EXE = switch >

Displays the currently working channel.

Selection of channel 1, 2 and OFF.(OFF means return to automatic state.)

This line is blinking if the ACU detects a failure related to the RF switch.

Performs switching.



Manual switching Hot Stand by menu.Manual switching Hot Stand by menu.Manual switching Hot Stand by menu.Manual switching Hot Stand by menu.

Manual switchingHot Stand by

Current ch. : 1Direction : 1Priority : Low

Mode : Errorless

Action: Switch

Command OK

Rx ch 1 selected

Selected channel to be switched.

Selecting Alignment switching in Rx and Tx direction.

Switching priority;High or Low. ( Low is normal)

Mode of switching;Errorless (normal),Forced,Relay

Performs switching or Restore the switching.

Will be displayed after EXE is pressed or an errormessage will be diplayed if swiching fails.No changeof parameteres can be done,as long as this messageis diplayed.

Indicates which channel is selected.

When selection of channel is done,the Action line will change automatically.



Radio Term. STMRadio Term. STMRadio Term. STMRadio Term. STM----1 w/Hot St.by and Hybrid Sp.Div1 w/Hot St.by and Hybrid Sp.Div1 w/Hot St.by and Hybrid Sp.Div1 w/Hot St.by and Hybrid Sp.Div

RCVR GROUP

IF-EQL

XMTR GROUPMODULATOR

TOP OFRACK

155Mb/s INP CMI SPLITTER MODULATOR XMTR GROUP

64kb/s ADPTR

DEMODULATOR

DEMODULATOR

RELAY SWITCH

75

155Mb/s OUT

RCVR GROUP

IF-EQL

ACU-SVCESUPERVISORY

UNITACU-CH2ACU-CH1

AAU 1

RPSUNIT

SVCE TEL(OMNIBUS)

RSOH-ADAPTER

DISPLAY UNIT

ALARM BD

ch.1

ch.2

ch.1

ch.2

ALARM BD/HS LOGIC

MAIN

SP.DIV.



Double transmission capacity by CCDP Double transmission capacity by CCDP Double transmission capacity by CCDP Double transmission capacity by CCDP

Vertica lHorisontal

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1' 2 ' 3' 4' 5 ' 6' 7' 8 '

VerticalHorisonta l

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1' 2 ' 3' 4' 5 ' 6' 7' 8 '

28 MHz

Co Channel Dual Polarisation

Adjacent Channel Dual Polarisation



4D4D4D4D----128 TCM Demodulator with XPIC128 TCM Demodulator with XPIC128 TCM Demodulator with XPIC128 TCM Demodulator with XPIC

CMI G.703I & QDEMOD.

I

Q

ATD E( ASIC)

CMIC ODEC(ASIC)

SOHOUT

PO HOUT

IF INP

Trellisdecoding

&VITE RBI

er rorcor rect ion

(A SIC)

STM I(ASIC)

C4DEMUX( ASIC)

CM I INPUTFR OM ,

PROTECTION

2Mb/sW AYS IDE

Prot.

CMI/ECL

I & QDEMOD.

XPIC(ASIC)

I

Q

IF INP

I Q



Demodulator unit with XPIC includedDemodulator unit with XPIC includedDemodulator unit with XPIC includedDemodulator unit with XPIC includedMAIN INPUTS :IF input (front) : 70 MHz, 0 dBm, 75 Ohm

IF input (back) : 70 MHz, 0 dBm, 75 Ohm

CMI/ECL input (back) : 155 Mb/s from RDU.

MAIN OUTPUTS :CMI output (front) : Data 155 Mb/s or 140Mb/s

CMI/ECL output (back) : Data 155 Mb/s


Wayside traffic output (back) : 2.048 Mb/s, HDB3, G703

ALARMS:DEMOD. UNIT ALM. : IF INP ALM

: XPIC ALM

: LOF1+ LOF2

: SYNCL SEC ALM

: ALIGN PLL ALM

: CMI OUT ALM

SDH Training Manual

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