Scientific Societies. The Royal Society of London Middle 17 th century From ‘invisible college’...
-
Upload
eugene-daniel -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Scientific Societies. The Royal Society of London Middle 17 th century From ‘invisible college’...
Scientific Societies
The Royal Society of London
• Middle 17th century • From ‘invisible college’
of natural philosophers who were influenced by Francis Bacon’s New Atlantis
• Abandon authority and appeal only to empirical evidence
• Origin of Royal Society linked to a faculty of 12 at Gresham College.
• Meeting following a talk by Christopher Wren on 28 November 1660
• Resolved to create a new ‘college’
Sir Christopher Wren, 1632-1723
• Group of 12 formed a club for ‘Promoting the Physico-Mathematical Experimental Learning’
• 28 November 1660• Meet weekly to discuss
scientific topics and conduct experiments
Nullius in
Verba
• Founded as a formal society after the Restoration
• Charles II granted royal charter 1662 and 1663 and called The Royal Society of London
• To be the scientific advisor to the king
Agendas of meetings included• Reports: oral or
written• Discussions• Experiments:
Robert Hooke first Demonstrator of Experiments
• Formal members known as fellows (FRS as a title)
• Early members physicians and independently-wealthy upper class
• 1843 members admitted only on basis of scientific merit
• Led to the profession of scientist
Journal Publications
First issue of Journal des Scavans and Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in 1665
First record of peer review by Henry Oldenburg, founding editor of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in 1665
1619-1677, Germany and England
Types of Scientific Societies• Honorary
Royal Society National Academy of Sciences
• Interdisciplinary American Association for the Advancement of Science American Institutes of Biological Sciences
• Regional Northeasten Naturalist Association New England Botanical Club Pennsylvania Academy of Science
• Disciplinary American Society of Mammalogists Phycological Society of America Society for Freshwater Science
Cost of publication supported by• Membership dues• Journal
subscriptions• Page chargesThousands of scientific journalsRise of electronic publishing
Other forms of communications:• Scientific Meetings– Abstracts– Posters– Presentations
• Seminars• Special publications