Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A....
-
Upload
duane-hunt -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A....
![Page 1: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies
(Phobos-soil program)
Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn
V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry (GEOKHI) RAS
13 October 2010
![Page 2: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Phobos and MarsData from Phobos-2 SC, 1989
Phobos image from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter space craft, 23 March 2008
What do we know about Phobos?
27×22×19 kmmass 1.082×1014 gspec.gravity ~1.85 g/cm3
![Page 3: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Our questions to Phobos10.04.2008
NASA
Is there a genetic link between Phobos and Mars?
![Page 4: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
0 5 10 15
Primitivewater
SNC meteorites
OrdinaryChondrites
Earth
Moon
CarbonaceousChondrites
CHCMCR
CV
CO
d17
O,
‰
d18O, ‰
Oxygen isotopic composition of Moon and Earth is the same in terms of D17O value. Moon data scatters along Terrestrial Fractionation Line (TFL) with a slope ≈0.52
Martian meteorites data (SNC) are located above TFLby 0.3‰ of D17O
CAI and carbonaceous chondrites data are scattered along line with a slope ≈1
Are Phobos and Mars identical in oxygen isotopic composition?
![Page 5: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
SIMS Cameca-1280
18O/17O/16O:1s = 0.05 ‰
for spot size ~15 m
![Page 6: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
It is very likely, that SNC-meteorites (Shergottites, Nakhlites and Shassignites) – are samples of Martian magmatic rocks
Phobos?
Sun
CI - chondrites
VenusEarth
Mars10 -15
10 -13
10 -11
10 -9
10 -7
10 -5
10 -3
10 30 50 70 90 110
Ne Ar Kr Xe
m /m1 2
a.e.m .
Yu.A.Shukoliukov, 1991Mgas/Mbody
![Page 7: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Our questions to Phobos
Is there a genetic link between Phobos and Mars?
How primitive is Phobos material? Phobos=CI?
![Page 8: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
T=
4.5
6 G
a
Sm/Nd=0.325
147Sm 143Nd
Kostitsyn, 2004
![Page 9: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
M.Boyet, R.W.Carlson. Science. 2005. Vol.309. P.576-581.
146Sm 142Nd
Chondrites: Sm/Nd=0.325 (Jacobsen&Wasserburg, 1980)
Earth: Sm/Nd=0.350 (Kostitsyn, 2004)
SNC: Sm/Nd≈0.340 (Caro et al., 2008)
Phobos: Sm/Nd = ?
![Page 10: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Our questions to Phobos
Is there a genetic link between Phobos and Mars?
How primitive is Phobos material? Phobos=CI?
Does it contain some relict components?
![Page 11: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Bir
ck,
20
04
Ca Ti
Cr Ni
Isotopic anomalies in the earliest minerals – Ca-Al inclusions (CAI) of Allende chondrite
Excess of r-isotopes!
![Page 12: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Isotopic anomalies in SiC and graphite grains of carbonaceous chondrite Murchison (CM2)
Mo Xe
Ba Nd
Bir
ck,
20
04
Excess of s-isotopes!
![Page 13: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cameca Nano-SIMS 50L
18O/17O/16O:1s = 0.5 – 1.5 ‰
For spot 10 × 10 m
Minimal spot size50 × 50 nm
![Page 14: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Our questions to Phobos
Is there a genetic link between Phobos and Mars?
How primitive is Phobos material? Phobos=CI?
Does it contain some relict components?
What types of processes could alter Phobos’ material?
![Page 15: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Our questions to Phobos
Is there a genetic link between Phobos and Mars?
How primitive is Phobos material? Phobos=CI?
Does it contain some relict components?
What types of processes could alter Phobos’ material?
Events chronology on Phobos: Long-living (Sm-Nd, U-Pb, Rb-Sr, K-Ar, Lu-Hf, Re-Os) and short-living isotopic systems
![Page 16: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Short-living nuclides in the Sun system
Parent Daughter T1/2, Ma Initial ratios Source
10Be 10B 1.5 10Be/9Be=9×10−4 McKeegan et al. 2000
26Al 26Mg 0.73 26Al/27Al=5.1×10−5 Lee et al. 1977
41Ca 41K 0.1 41Ca/40Ca=1.4×10−8 Sahijpal et al. 1998
53Mn 53Cr 3.7 53Mn/55Mn=4.4×10−5 Birck and Allegre 1985
60Fe 60Ni 1.5 60Fe/56Fe≈1.5×10−6 Birck and Lugmair 1988
92Nb 92Zr 36 92Nb/93Nb≈1×10−5 Schönbächler et al. 2002
107Pd 107Ag 6.5 107Pd/108Pd=2.4×10−5 Chen and Wasserburg 1990
129I 129Xe 16 129I/127I≈1×10−4 Reynolds 1963
146Sm 142Nd 103 146Sm/144Sm≈0.005–0.015 Lugmair et al. 1983; Prinzhofer et al. 1989
182Hf 182W 9.4 182Hf/180Hf≈1×10−4 Yin et al. 2002
244Pu a,SF 81 244Pu/238U≈0.004–0.007 Rowe and Kuroda 1965
![Page 17: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
53Mn – 53Cr
Shukoliukov, Lugmair, 2004
(HED)
(SNC)
Phobos?
![Page 18: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Our questions to Phobos
Is there a genetic link between Phobos and Mars?
How primitive is Phobos material? Phobos=CI?
Does it contain some relict components?
What types of processes could alter Phobos’ material?
Events chronology on Phobos
Is there organic material on Phobos?
![Page 19: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
N
CHN
C
NH2
C
CN
CH
N
C
C
O
C
CH
OH OH
HH H
C O P O
H
H
OH
O
P O P OH
O
OH
OH
O
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Adenine
Ribose
Phosphates
![Page 20: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Main directions of Phobos samples laboratory treatment
Acceptance and storage
Physical, petrographic and mineralogical
studies
Chemical analysis Isotopic studies
Organic material studies
![Page 21: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Physical, petrographic and mineralogical studies
Preliminary diagnostic of obtained material, assessment of its mass; physical, granulometric features, phase composition. Techniques and equipment:• Optical microscopes• X-ray difractometer • Scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive
spectroscopy detector (EDS) and electron backscattered diffraction detector (EBSD)
Samples preparation to various types of analysis:thin sections, polished section, defragmentation, mineral isolation, etc. Techniques and equipment:• SelFrag-Lab - high-voltage pulses selective fragmentation
![Page 22: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Chemical analysis
In-situ techniques (almost non-destructive)• X-ray microprobe• Electron microscopy with energy-dispersive detector • Secondary ion mass-spectrometry (SIMS)• Laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma mass-
spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)
Destructive techniques (application depends from quantity of obtained material)• Using powdered samples (XRF, INNA)• Using samples solutions (ICP-MS, ICP-AES, AAS)• Using vacuum heating or crushing (gas mass-spectrometry
including noble gas analysis)
![Page 23: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Isotopic studies Stable isotope variations H, O, C, N, S, Fe, Cr (MAT-253 with
sample preparation systems, MC-ICP-MS Neptune)
Long-living decay systems: U-Th-Pb, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, Lu-Hf, Re-Pt-Os, K-Ar (Triton, Neptune, ARGUS)
Short-living decay systems: 26Al-26Mg, 182Hf-182W, 53Mn-53Cr, 129I-129Xe, 244Pu-136Xe (Neptune, HELIX)
Organic matter studies Organic molecules composition and structure (HPLC/HRMS
Exactive with extraction systems)
Isotopic composition of organic matter: H, O, C, N, S (MAT-253 and sample preparation systems)
![Page 24: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Our questions to Phobos
Is there a genetic link between Phobos and Mars?
How primitive is Phobos material? Phobos=CI?
Does it contain some relict components?
What types of processes could alter Phobos’ material?
Events chronology on Phobos
Is there organic material on Phobos?
![Page 25: Scientific goals of Phobos samples laboratory studies (Phobos-soil program) Eric M. Galimov, Yuri A. Kostitsyn V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649ddf5503460f94ad8d91/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Thank you