Wastes are things that we no longer use and would throw away.

Domestic Waste

glass bottles

aluminium cans

plastic containers

paper and cardboard

food residues

Organic Wastes

leftover food

decaying fruits

bones

dried leaves and branches

carcasses

Chemical Wastes

toxic chemicals

bio-hazard waste

exhaust from vehicles

toxic gases from factories

fertilisers and pesticides residues

Biodegradable wastes

can be broken down or decayed by

microorganismsexamples

vegetables and fruits waste

dried leaves and branches

wood waste

carcasses

paper and cardboard waste

cow dung

the process of decaying known as decomposition

Non-Biodegradable

wastes

cannot be broken down or decayed by

microorganismsexamples

glass bottles

styrofoam (polystyrene)

containers

plastic containers

aluminium cans

they do not react and dissolve easily on the

soil

Sources of Waste Materials

organic waste and others

smoke, soot and toxic gases

toxic gases and smoke

pesticides residues

oil spills

exhaust fumes

coal sludge

Domestic / Households

Factories

Open Burning

Agriculture

Shipping

Motor Vechicles

Mining

sewage

chemical substances

ashes

fertilisers residues

greenhouse gas emissions

toxic gas and lead particles

gold mine tailings disposal

Improper waste management leads to...

air pollution

acidic gases from factories dissolve in

rainwater to form acid rain

large amount of smoke particles and dust in the

air may result in haze and haze results in

respiratory and other serious diseases

water pollution

polluted water contains chemicals can kill

aquatic lives

human who drink polluted water can be infected with diseases

land pollution

dirty and smelly surroundings and

encourages the spread of diseases

wastes thrown into the drains may block drains and cause flash floods

during a heavy downpour

Proper Waste Disposal

Catalytic converter is a device

incorporated in the exhaust system of

a motor vehicle, containing a catalyst

for converting pollutant gases into less

harmful ones.

Burn solid waste

in incinerators. An

incinerator is an

enclosed area that

burns wastes

under controlled

condition.

Dispose of solid

waste in landfills.

A landfill, also

known as a

rubbish dump, is

a site for the

disposal of waste

by burial.

Sort out your

garbage before

dumping for

materials that can

be recycled.

Treat waste

materials from

factories before

disposing of

them.

Bury waste that

can decay in soil.

The gases should

be passed

through various

absorbents and

purifiers that

reduce the

contamination

and make them

less dangerous.

Typical Method of Waste Disposal in Housing Area

Domestic waste from home place in rubbish bins.

Rubbish trucks collect rubbish from home.

Rubbish disposed at landfills (buried) or burnt in

incinerator.

Benefits of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

conservation (protecting) of raw materials and energy

reduction of garbage

keeps the local and global environment clean

Benefits of Composting

reduces the volume of garbage needlessly sent to

landfills

reduces trash costs and reduces the need to

purchase chemical fertilizers

compost returns nutrients to the soil and helps clean

contaminated soil

If Waste Do Not Decompose

waste will accumulate and

increase in amount

nutrients cannot be returned to the soil

increase in pests that carry and spread

microorganisms to humans

more humans will be infected by diseases