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Science Basics SNC2D. What is Science? When asked this question most students would immediately...
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Transcript of Science Basics SNC2D. What is Science? When asked this question most students would immediately...
![Page 1: Science Basics SNC2D. What is Science? When asked this question most students would immediately start to visualize Albert Einstein. But, is that what.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bff71a28abf838cbe8ea/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Science BasicsSNC2D
![Page 2: Science Basics SNC2D. What is Science? When asked this question most students would immediately start to visualize Albert Einstein. But, is that what.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bff71a28abf838cbe8ea/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is Science?
• When asked this question most students would immediately start to visualize Albert Einstein.
• But, is that what science really is?
• Are doing experiments science?
![Page 3: Science Basics SNC2D. What is Science? When asked this question most students would immediately start to visualize Albert Einstein. But, is that what.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bff71a28abf838cbe8ea/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Science Defined
• The word science comes from the Latin word scientia.
• It can be defined as the effort to discover, understand, or to better understand how the natural world works.
• To simplify the definition, you can think of it as trying to figure out why or how the natural world works.
• With this definition, anytime you ask the question “why” or “how”, you are being a scientist.
![Page 4: Science Basics SNC2D. What is Science? When asked this question most students would immediately start to visualize Albert Einstein. But, is that what.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bff71a28abf838cbe8ea/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Natural World
• Another important idea in the definition is the term “natural world”. o This means things exist in the physical
world and you can describe them through your senses.
• For example, you can see stars and describe them but they are just stars and they don’t have the power to control your life. o That is why astronomy is science
and astrology is not.
![Page 5: Science Basics SNC2D. What is Science? When asked this question most students would immediately start to visualize Albert Einstein. But, is that what.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bff71a28abf838cbe8ea/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Scientific Method
• Scientists will often follow a procedure to discover facts about the natural world.
• Galileo made the scientific method famous.o It is just one of the methods that is used along with
controlled experiments to make new discoveries.
Galilean moons
![Page 6: Science Basics SNC2D. What is Science? When asked this question most students would immediately start to visualize Albert Einstein. But, is that what.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bff71a28abf838cbe8ea/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Flowchart of the Scientific Method
• This is a simplified version of the flowchart found in your textbook.
![Page 7: Science Basics SNC2D. What is Science? When asked this question most students would immediately start to visualize Albert Einstein. But, is that what.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bff71a28abf838cbe8ea/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Hypothesis
• Using the scientific method, a scientist will ask a question about something they want to know more about.
• They would then formulate a hypothesis that can be tested.
• This is often written as an "if…then” statement.
![Page 8: Science Basics SNC2D. What is Science? When asked this question most students would immediately start to visualize Albert Einstein. But, is that what.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bff71a28abf838cbe8ea/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Controlled Experiment
• Once the hypothesis is made, the scientist can design a controlled experiment to test the hypothesis.
![Page 9: Science Basics SNC2D. What is Science? When asked this question most students would immediately start to visualize Albert Einstein. But, is that what.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bff71a28abf838cbe8ea/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Variables
• In a controlled experiment all variables are kept the same except the variable you are testing.
o The things that stay the same are called the control variables.
o The variable that the scientist changes are called the independent variable.
o The data collected for analysis is called the dependent variable.
• To ensure that the data is valid, the experiment is replicated a number of times to make sure the results are always the same.
![Page 10: Science Basics SNC2D. What is Science? When asked this question most students would immediately start to visualize Albert Einstein. But, is that what.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bff71a28abf838cbe8ea/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Examples of Variables in a Controlled Experiment
• You want to find out which gasoline gives you better fuel mileage.
o Independent variable: What will you control?
grade of gasoline o Dependent variable:
What will you measure? how far you travel
o Control variables: Things that should not change?
same car for the test drive at same speed same driver same weather conditions windows closed
• What is the difference between qualitative data and quantitative data?
![Page 11: Science Basics SNC2D. What is Science? When asked this question most students would immediately start to visualize Albert Einstein. But, is that what.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bff71a28abf838cbe8ea/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Representing Data
• Graphing is a very useful tool for representing quantitative data
• Types of graphso Scatterploto Line grapho Bar grapho Pie chart
• For most types of graphs the independent variable is on the x-axis and the dependent variable is on the y-axis
• However, sometimes a simple table is all you need to represent data (especially if it is qualitative data)
![Page 12: Science Basics SNC2D. What is Science? When asked this question most students would immediately start to visualize Albert Einstein. But, is that what.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bff71a28abf838cbe8ea/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Observation vs. Inference
• Observations are things you directly observe.
• You notice that the ground is wet when you leave your house. • You observe that the ground is wet.
• Inference is a mental process that uses what you observe to make a conclusion.
o You can infer that the ground is wet because it rained before you came outside.
o However, you can make mistakes with inferences. For example, what if the ground was wet because of melted snow?
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From Hypothesis to Theory
• Once the hypothesis is proven true by repeated experimentation a scientist will publish the results for other scientists to review.
• Other scientists will also repeat the process to validate whether the hypothesis is true or not.
• Once a large number of scientists have validated the hypothesis, everyone will likely accept it as a fact.
• Once enough facts have been collected then they can be put together into a theory.
![Page 14: Science Basics SNC2D. What is Science? When asked this question most students would immediately start to visualize Albert Einstein. But, is that what.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bff71a28abf838cbe8ea/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Final Thoughts
• An important thing about science is that it never stops growing.
• Theories are constantly evolving and being improved upon.
• If new information comes along that disproves a theory, scientists will throw away the old theory and immediately get to work on building a new theory based on the new and improved data.
• Science never says, “because I said so”, it is always based on evidence.
• Everything in science has been tested and verified in an effort to get to the truth about how the universe works.
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Credits
• http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ursa_minor_constellation_map_black.png • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Bresson_-_Jupiter(2)_(by).jpg • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laser_optique.jpeg • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lenski's_12_long-term_lines_of_E._coli_on_25_June_2008.jpg • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PrirodneNauke.svg • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Porsche_race_car_Verschuur_amk.jpg • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2003-11-27_Northerner_boots_in_mud.jpg • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Thinker_close.jpg