Science at ESSInstruments and Future Users

Ken Andersen

Head of Neutron Instruments Division

www.europeanspallationsource.se6 October 2015

Science with neutrons

2

In Operandi Advanced Energy Devices

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000’s

2020+

Berkeley 37-inch cyclotron

350 mCiRa-Be source

Chadwick

1930 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

105

1010

1015

1020

1

ISIS

Pulsed Sources

ZINP-P

ZINP-P/

KENSWNR

IPNS

ILL

X-10

CP-2

Steady State Sources

HFBR

HFIRNRUMTR

NRX

CP-1

1940 1950 1960

Ther

mal

flu

x n

/cm

2-s

(Updated from Neutron Scattering, K. Sköld and D. L. Price, eds., Academic Press, 1986)

FRM-IISINQ

Evolution of neutron sources

SNS

J-PARC

Berkeley 37-inch cyclotron

350 mCiRa-Be source

Chadwick

1930 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

105

1010

1015

1020

1

ISIS

Pulsed Sources

ZINP-P

ZINP-P/

KENSWNR

IPNS

ILL

X-10

CP-2

Steady State Sources

HFBR

HFIRNRUMTR

NRX

CP-1

1940 1950 1960

Ther

mal

flu

x n

/cm

2-s

(Updated from Neutron Scattering, K. Sköld and D. L. Price, eds., Academic Press, 1986)

FRM-IISINQ

Evolution of neutron sources

ESS

SNS

J-PARC

5

Partner Day Belgium

February 2014

Neutrons are special

• charge neutral: deeply pene-trating ... except for some isotopes

• nuclear interaction: cross section depending on isotope (not Z), sensitive to light elements.

• spin S = 1/2: probing magnetism

• unstable n → p + e + νe with life time τ ~ 900s , I = I0 e- t/τ

• mass: n ~p; thermal energies result in non-relativistic velocities. E = 293 K = 25 meV, v = 2196 m/s , λ = 1.8 Å

barns,

b

c

a

WHERE ARE THE ATOMSAND WHAT DO THEY DO?

10-1410-1110-910-710-210-1

Tim

e [s

]

10-12

10-9

10-15

10-6

10-3

1

103

10-6

Particle Physics

Spin-echo

Imaging

Reflectometry

10-10 10-12 10-1510-810-5

Vis

ible

Li

gh

t

InfraredLight

FTIRRaman

Brillouin

Dynamic Light Scattering

Laser PCS

10-6

Inelastic X-ray Scattering

NM

R

mSR

Die

lect

ric

Spec

.

Backscattering

UV & X-ray FEL: Pump & Probe studies

Ho

t N

eutr

on

s

NMR Imaging Triangulation NMR

X-ray Imaging SAXS, X-ray Refl. X-ray Diffraction EXAFS & XANES

MicroscopyOptical Microscopy

Scanning TechniquesSNOM AFM STM

Hot Neutrons

TOF & Crystal Spectroscopy

Infr

a-r

ed

SANS

Diffraction

Ener

gy [

meV

]

Length [m]

10210-1 110-3 10110-

2103

X-ray Spec.

X-ray PCS

Wavevector Q [Å-1]

10-3

X-rays

NMR

Optical Nanoscopy Electron Microscopy

Neutron use per science topic

7

structure + chemistry

materials

magnetism

Liquids + glasses

soft matter

Life Science

nuclear physics

applied + instrumental

theory

Neutrons for Energy Research

Real-time neutron diffraction studies of electrode materials for Li-ion batteries.

Neutrons are sensitive to light elements light lithium.

High intensity powder diffraction reveals lithium extraction / insertion in electrode material.

Bianchini and Suard (ILL 2014)

energy

Neutrons solved structure enigma of DNA-restriction enzyme type I

2D difference EM image of EcoRI24l

Protein structure prediction modeled from EM map of EcoRI24l

EcoR124I+DNA model, SANS data, and 2D difference imaging

Restriction enzymes cut pieces of DNA at specific sites. Used to cut and paste genes for different purposes.

EcoRI24l is a bacterial restriction enzyme that controls the influx of foreign genes intothe genome of many bacteria.

Until 2012, the exact molecular structure was unknown. Here, the authors havecombined EM, SAXS and SANS to determine the structure of this enzyme

Kennaway, C.K. et al. Genes Development (2012) p. 92-104

health

Stress around fatigue cracks

10

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Distance from pre-crack tip / mmD

ista

nce fro

m li

gam

ent /

mm

-600.0

-400.0

-200.0

0

200.0

400.0

600.0

800.0

1000

1200

1400

1600

22

/ 1e-6

Fatigue + Creep Crack in 25mm Austenitic steel

Exploring the boundaries of spatial resolution achievable in real materials engineering components.

Using combinations of in-situ techniques: imaging & diffraction, in-situ loading, high-temperature…

A Steuwer et al, J Appl Crysts (2004)

new materials, mobility

The unique ESS long pulse

more neutrons per second than any steady state source … … with higher brightness than any other spallation source

411 time (ms)

Brig

htn

ess (

n/c

m2/s

/sr/

Å)

x1013

ISIS TS1128 kW

ISIS TS232 kW

SNS1-2 MW

JPARC0.3-1 MW

ILL 57 MW

ESS 5 MW2015 design

0 1 2 3

15

5

10λ = 5 Å

ESS 5 MW2013 design (TDR)

Possibilities of pulse shaping

€ 42

€ 109

€ 228

€ 382

€ 29

€ 47

€ 123

€ 127

€ 0

€ 100

€ 200

€ 300

€ 400

€ 500

€ 600

IKC Cash

Construction cost: € 1,84 Billion

In-kind: € 750 Million

AcceleratorInstrumentsTargetControls

65%

59%

65%

75%

€ 509 M

€ 350 M

€ 155 M

€ 71 M

ESS In-kind Goals

Neutron Scattering Systems Project

1313

Construct 22 world-leading neutron beam instruments

Build the technical and scientific support infrastructure needed for delivering world-leading science

+ DMSC

+ +

16 Instruments Sample Environment Science Support Laboratories

Analysis and Visualisation Software

Instrument Suite is taking shape

14

NMX – Macromolecular Crystallography

BEER – Engineering Diffractometer

BIFROST – Extreme-Environments Spectrometer

HEIMDAL – Powder Diffractometer

C-SPEC – Cold Chopper Spectrometer

MIRACLES – Backscattering Spectrometer

T-REX – Thermal Chopper Spectrometer

MAGIC – Magnetism Diffractometer

ODIN – Imaging

DREAM – Powder Diffractometer

VESPA – Vibrational Spectroscopy

SKADI – Low-Q SANS

ESTIA – Focusing Reflectometer

VOR – Broadband Spectrometer

LOKI – Broadband SANS

FREIA – Liquids Reflectometer

Ultra-High-Resolution Spin-echo

Current status of Instrument delivery

15

class Instrumentcost

categoryIn-kind Partners

Cost (M€)

% IK

Large scale structures

LOKI broadband SANSESS (30%) + ES (Bilbao ~32%), IT (CNR ~24%), UK (STFC ~8%), CH (PSI ~3%), HU (Wigner ~1%)

12.1 68%

SKADI general-purpose SANS (note 1) B DE(FZJ 50%) + FR(LLB 50%) 12 95%

ESTIA focusing reflectometer A CH(PSI) 9 95%

FREIA liquids reflectometer A ESS (<30%) -> UK (ISIS)? or DE(FZJ) ? 9 90%

Diffraction

NMX macromolecular crystallographyESS (<30%) + HU (Wigner 16% ) + FR (LLB ~4%) + NO (~17%) + IT/UK (~15%)

11.7 52%

DREAM powder diffractometer (bispectral) B DE(FZJ 75%) + FR(LLB 25%) 12 95%

HEIMDAL hybrid diffractometer B DK(AU <30%) +CH(PSI ~ 30%) + HU (~5%) +UK? (~20%) + ? 12 70%

MAGIC magnetism single-crystal diffractometer

B FR (LLB 75%) + DE (FZJ 25%) 12 100%

EngineeringBEER engineering diffractometer B DE (HZG 50%), CZ (NPI 50%) 12 100%

ODIN multi-purpose imaging A ESS -> DE(TUM 50%) +CH (PSI 50%) 9 95%

Spectroscopy

C-SPEC cold chopper spectrometer C DE(TUM 50%) +FR(LLB 50%) 15 100%

BIFROST extreme-environments spectrometer

BDK(DTU/KU <30%) +CH(PSI ~ 20%) + HU (~20%) +NO (~15%) + ?

12 70%

T-REX bispectral chopper spectrometer C DE (FZJ 75%) + IT (Perugia) -25% 15 95%

VESPA vibrational spectroscopy B IT (CNR) + UK (ISIS)? 12 100%

MIRACLES backscattering spectrometer BDK (KU) -> ES(Bilbao ~70%?) +FR(LLB ~20%?) +HU (Wigner~5%?) + ESS (~5%)

12 95%

6th Spectrometer (unassigned) B 12 90%

16 instruments cost 188.77 88.1%

neutron guide bunker CZ (Skoda?, Envinet?) 14 80.0%

total cost (with bunker) 202.77 87.7%

Schedule for Instrument construction

16

Instrument 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Instrument 1

Instrument 2

Instrument 3

Instrument 4

Instrument 5

Instrument 6

Instrument 7

Instrument 8

Instrument 9

Instrument 10

Instrument 11

Instrument 12

Instrument 13

Instrument 14

Instrument 15

Instrument 16

Instrument 17

Instrument 18

Instrument 19

Instrument 20

Instrument 21

Instrument 22

Hot CommissioningConstruction Project Beam on Target

First 16

Neutron beam guides

Disc choppers

Instrument cave and detector tank

Stackable Shielding

Shielding

21

Conclusion

• Opportunity for academia and industry to contribute to construction

– Instruments

– Support infrastructure: sample environment, labs, software

• Opportunity for academia and industry to perform science at ESS

– World-leading user facility

– Understanding materials for a knowledge-based economy

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