Big Science

• Hundreds of researchers• Closed• Top-down, hierarchical• Centralised• Expensive• Long-term• Experimentation & Instrumentation

Team Science

• Bottom-up• Multi-disciplinary• Multiple organisations• Geographically distributed• Closed• Specific investigations, e.g. LHC

Networked Science

• Bottom-up• Multi-disciplinary• Multiple organisations• Geographically distributed• Virtual communities• Open

Where is the web headed?

Web 1.0• Encyclopedia Britannica• Directories/Folders• Personal websites

Web 2.0• Wikipedia• Tagging• Blogs

Where is Science headed?

Science• Paper lab notebook• Subscription-based journal• Scheduled printing• Peer-review• Closed

Science 2.0• Electronic notebook• Open access journal• Continuous release articles• Search engines• Open

CITIZEN SCIENCEpublic working with scientists

PROS• Opens science to public• Wider geographical area • More people means more

data

CONS• Reliability of information

gathered• Validity of the results

OPEN ACCESS JOURNALSOpen Access

• Freely accessible • Author retains copyright• Fast publication times • Peer review by experts• Reduced time to print • Worldwide coverage

Print

• Capital from Publication• Publications purchased• Limited audience• Lengthy time to publication• Selective audience

Open Notebook Science

Positive Aspects Detrimental Aspects

• Improves communication of science

• Increased rate of research

• More effective collaboration

• Data theft

• Constitutes prior publication

• Data deluge

Making the entire primary record of a research projectpublicly available online as it is recorded.