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Acquisition of rights in or guardianship of an ancient monument.Preservation of ancient monument by agreement.Owners under disability or not in possession.Enforcement of agreement.Purchasers at certain sales and persons claiming through owner bound by instrument executed by owner.Application of endowment to repair of an ancient monument.Compulsory purchase of ancient monument.Power of Central Government to control mining, etc., near ancient monument.Maintenance of certain protected monuments.Voluntary contributions.Protection of place of worship from misuse, pollution or desecration.Relinquishment of Government rights in a monument.Right of access to certain protected monuments.Penalties.

How the Ancient Monuments be preserved

The 358-year-old marble mausoleum is India’s most

famous tourist attraction, bringing four million visitors

a year to the northern city of Agra. The Taj Mahal

was built by Mogul emperor Shah Jahan, who was

grief-stricken by the death of his wife Mumtaz

Mahal in childbirth.

Its romantic image has attracted film stars and

royalty, including Princess Diana, who posed in front

of the building after the breakdown of her marriage to

Prince Charles.

About Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal

In danger: The Taj Mahal, near Agra in India. Experts have said it could be in danger of collapsing within five years because its wooden foundations are rotting

The Taj Mahal will collapse within five years unless urgent action is taken to shore up its foundations, campaigners have warned. But the river crucial to its survival is being blighted by pollution, industry and deforestation.Campaigners believe the foundations have become brittle and are disintegrating.Cracks appeared last year in parts of the tomb, and the four minarets which surround the monument are showing signs of tilting.

Pollution has increased as trees have been cut down

to make way for new roads.

The trees also protected the city from the worst

effects of regular dust storms which now blow over

the Taj unimpeded. The Taj is built on a raised

platform on top of a hillock, which is based on wells

underneath.

The four 40ft high minarets balance the platform,

and are designed to tilt slightly outwards, to prevent

them crashing on top of the tomb in an earthquake.

The Indian government has set up body to deal with the Taj Mahal's preservation.Officials connected with eight projects say the national and state governments are now working together to deal with the issue. BB Awasthi, regional officer of the Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board, said: 'These projects have been held up since 2003 for want of funds.'He said he expected the projects 'would receive top priority treatment'.

Steps taken to save Taj Mahal from pollutionAfter a report saying pollution is turning the Taj Mahalyellow, authorities have taken a number of steps to cut emissions in the area.

Vehicles have been banned within a half-mile radius. The report said the white marble structure is gradually turning yellow from pollution from gas powered vehicles.

Authorities have also set up pollution monitoring stations around the Taj Mahal.

The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1904

Territorial extent British India

Date assented to 18 March 1904

Ancient Monuments Preservation Act

1904

The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1904 was passed in 18, March 1904 by British India during the times of Lord Curzon. it is expedient to provide for the preservation of ancient monuments, for the exercise of control over traffic in antiquities and over excavation in certain places, and for the protection and acquisition in certain cases of ancient monuments and of objects of archaeological, historical or artistic interest. Act preserves and restores ancient Indian monuments by Archaeological Survey of India.

The Himalayan portion of the basin includes the south-eastern portion of the state of Himachal Pradesh, the entire state of Uttarakhand, the entire country of Nepal and the extreme north-western portion of the state of West Bengal.

The hydrology of the Ganges River is very complicated, especially in the Ganges Delta region. One result is different ways to determine the river's length, itsdischarge, and the size of its drainage basin. The Ganges basin ranges from the Himalaya and the Transhimalaya in the north, to the northern slopes of the Vindhya range in the south, from the eastern slopes of the Aravalli in the west to the Chota Nagpur plateau and the Sunderbans delta in the east. A significant portion of the discharge from the Ganges comes from the Himalayan mountain system. Within the Himalaya, the Ganges basin spreads almost 1,200 km from the Yamuna-Satluj divide along the Simla ridge forming the boundary with the Indus basin in the west to the Singalila Ridge along the Nepal-Sikkim border forming the boundary with the Brahmaputra basin in the east. This section of the Himalaya contains 9 of the 14 highest peaks in the world over 8,000m in height, including Mount Everest which is the high point of the Ganges basin.[35] The other peaks over 8,000m in the basin are Kangchenjunga,[36] Lhotse,[37] Makalu,[38] Cho Oyu,[39] Dhaulagiri,[40] Manaslu,[41] Annapurna[42] andShishapangma.[43]

POLLUTED GANGA RIVER

The National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) must

take the full responsibility of the protection of our national

river. Since the Ganga flows through many states, it would be the

best if NGRBA takes the full responsibility of making and keeping

the Ganga and its tributaries completely and permanently free

from pollution through time-bound steps, leaving no scope for the

central and state government authorities blaming each other for

the failures. The Expert Members of NGRBA must be given

important role to play both at the context of decision making as

well as at the context of implementation. At present they are

almost totally neglected at both the contexts. Analogous to the

‘Prevention of Insults to National Honor Act' for the national

flag and anthem, there should be an Act for the national river

Ganga. The Ganga should be constitutionally declared as the

National River with provisions that ensure due respect to her,

considering her National River status.

GayathriShine Suvaitha ValliSwashikhaVeera Lakshmi