SASTA Resources SACE Stage 2 Science Series WORKBOOK …...Supporting Teachers of Science ....
Transcript of SASTA Resources SACE Stage 2 Science Series WORKBOOK …...Supporting Teachers of Science ....
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Chemistry
SACE STAGE 1 Australian Curriculum
TOPICS> Materials and their atoms> Combining atoms> Molecules> Mixtures and solutions> Acids and bases> Redox reactions
WORKBOOK
Supporting Teachers of Science Advancing Science Education
SECOND EDITION Rhys Lewis
Chem
istryW
OR
KB
OO
K
SASTA’s resources are written explicitly for the SACE Subject Outlines. Questions address the Assessment Design Criteria including investigation, analysis, and evaluation; and knowledge and application.
SACE STAGE 2 BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY & PHYSICS• Workbooks • Study Guides
Written explicitly for the SACE 2018 Stage 2 Subject Outlines. SASTA’s Science series continues a successful pedagogical approach to both educate and challenge students to reach their full potential.
The workbooks are published in full colour and contain hundreds of original illustrations.
With over 500 fully worked questions in each workbook, this book is a must have for all students and educators in 2018 and beyond.
Available in Stage 1 and Stage 2.
To order, or for further information visit sasta.asn.au
249 Henley Beach Road, Torrensville SA 5031PO Box 678, Torrensville Plaza SA 5031 P 8354 0006 F 8354 0008 www.sasta.asn.au
Supporting Teachers of Science Advancing Science Education
SACE Stage 2Science Series
SASTA Resources
Details and ordering: www.sasta.asn.au
COPYRIGHT S
ASTA 2018
CONTENTS 3
ContentsABOUT THIS BOOK 4
CHAPTER 1 TOPIC 1: MATERIALS AND THEIR ATOMS 5 1.1: Properties and uses of materials 6
1.2: Atomic structure 24
1.3: Quantities of atoms 44
1.4: The periodic table 56
Review Test 1 69
CHAPTER 2 TOPIC 2: COMBINING ATOMS 77 2.1: Types of materials 78
2.2: Bonding between atoms 82
2.3: Quantities of molecules and ions 120
Review Test 2 125
CHAPTER 3 TOPIC 3: MOLECULES 131 3.1: Molecule polarity 132
3.2: Interactions between molecules 146
3.3: Hydrocarbons 155
3.4: Polymers 178
Review Test 3 187
CHAPTER 4 TOPIC 4: MIXTURES AND SOLUTIONS 193 4.1: Miscibility and solutions 194
4.2: Solutions of ionic substances 203
4.3: Quantities in reactions 212
4.4: Energy in reactions 235
Review Test 4 246
CHAPTER 5 TOPIC 5: ACIDS AND BASES 251 5.1: Acid–base concepts 252
5.2: Reactions of acids and bases 258
5.3: The pH scale 271
Review Test 5 282
CHAPTER 6 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 287 6.1: Concepts of oxidation and reduction 288
6.2: Metal reactivity 305
6.3: Electrochemistry 314
Review Test 6 333
SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND REVIEW TESTS 337
PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS 395
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TOPIC 1: MATERIALS AND THEIR ATOMS1.1 Properties and uses of materials
1.2 Atomic structure
1.3 Quantities of atoms
1.4 The periodic table
Review Test 1
CHAPTER 1
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36 SASTA STAGE 1 • CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK
•
𝑋𝑋𝑍𝑍
𝐴𝐴
𝑁𝑁 𝑍𝑍𝐴𝐴
𝑁𝑁 = 𝐴𝐴 − 𝑍𝑍
𝑁𝑁 = 239 − 94
𝑁𝑁 = 145
𝑁𝑁 = 𝐴𝐴 − 𝑍𝑍𝐴𝐴 = 𝑁𝑁 + 𝑍𝑍𝐴𝐴 = 128 + 82𝐴𝐴 = 210
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37CHAPTER 1 • TOPIC 1: MATERIALS AND THEIR ATOMS
H11
H12
H13
C614
Cl1737
U92235
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46 SASTA STAGE 1 • CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK
𝑛𝑛 = 𝑚𝑚𝑀𝑀
𝑛𝑛𝑚𝑚𝑀𝑀
𝑛𝑛 = 𝑚𝑚𝑀𝑀
𝑛𝑛 = 15.4563.55
𝑛𝑛 = 0.24 mol
𝑛𝑛 = 𝑚𝑚𝑀𝑀
𝑚𝑚 = 𝑛𝑛𝑀𝑀
𝑚𝑚 = 0.250 x 180.156
𝑚𝑚 = 45.039 g
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287CHAPTER 5 • TOPIC 5: ACIDS AND BASES
TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS
6.1 Concepts of oxidation and reduction
6.2 Metal reactivity
6.3 Electrochemistry
Review Test 6
CHAPTER 6
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288 SASTA STAGE 1 • CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK
•
•
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2
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289CHAPTER 6 • TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS
2Fe + 3Cl2 → 2FeCl3
Fe → Fe3+ + 3e−
Cl2 + 2e− → 2Cl−
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295CHAPTER 6 • TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS
•
•
2Al + 3I2 → 2AlI3
Al → Al3+
Al → Al3+
Al → Al3+ + 3e−
I2 → 2I−
I2 → 2I−
I2 + 2e− → 2I−
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296 SASTA STAGE 1 • CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK
Al → Al3+ + 3e−
I2 + 2e− → 2I−
2Al → 2Al3+ + 6e−
3I2 + 6e− → 6I−
2Al + 3I2 + 6e− → 2Al3+ + 6I− + 6e−
2Al + 3I2 → 2Al3+ + 6I−COPYRIGHT S
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299CHAPTER 6 • TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS
MnO4− + 8H+ + 5e− → Mn2+ + 4H2O
Cr2O72− → 2Cr3+
Cr2O72− → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
Cr2O72− + 14H+ → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
Cr2O72− + 14H+ → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
Cr2O72− + 14H+ + 6e− → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
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300 SASTA STAGE 1 • CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK
C2H5OH → CH3COOH
C2H5OH + H2O → CH3COOH
C2H5OH + H2O → CH3COOH + 4H+
C2H5OH + H2O → CH3COOH + 4H+
C2H5OH + H2O → CH3COOH + 4H+ + 4e−
2Cr2O72− + 28H+ + 12e− → 4Cr3+ + 14H2O
3C2H5OH + 3H2O → 3CH3COOH + 12H+ + 12e−
3C2H5OH + 2Cr2O72− + 16H+ → 3CH3COOH + 4Cr3+ + 11H2O
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301CHAPTER 6 • TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS
N2 → 2NH3 + H2
NH3 + O2 → NH2OH
NH2OH → NO2−
NO2− → NO3−
NO3− → N2
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305CHAPTER 6 • TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS
•
•
K(s) → K(aq)+ + e−
Ca(s) → Ca(aq)2+ + 2e−
Na(s) → Na(aq)+ + e−
Mg(s) → Mg(aq)2+ + 2e−
Al(s) → Al(aq)3+ + 3e−
Zn(s) → Zn(aq)2+ + 2e−
Fe(s) → Fe(aq)2+ + 2e−
Ni(s) → Ni(aq)2+ + 2e−
Sn(s) → Sn(aq)2+ + 2e−
Pb(s) → Pb(aq)2+ + 2e−
Cu(s) → Cu(aq)2+ + 2e−
Ag(s) → Ag(aq)+ + e−
Au(s) → Au(aq)3+ + 3e−
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306 SASTA STAGE 1 • CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK
Zn(s) + Cu(aq)2+ → Zn(aq)
2+ + Cu(s)
Zn(s) → Zn(aq)2+ + 2e−
Cu(aq)2+ + 2e− → Cu(s)
Mg + 2Ag+ → Mg2+ + 2Ag
Ag + Mg2+ → No reaction
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311CHAPTER 6 • TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS
M + HX → MX + H2
Ca + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2
Ca + 2H+ → Ca2+ + H2
M → M+ + e−
2H+ + 2e− → H2
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315CHAPTER 6 • TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS
Mg → Mg2+ + 2e−
Cu2+ + 2e− → Cu
Cu2+ + Mg → Cu + Mg2+
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324 SASTA STAGE 1 • CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK
•
Zn + 2OH− → ZnO + H2O + 2e−
HgO + H2O + 2e− → Hg + 2OH−
HgO + Zn → Hg + ZnO
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325CHAPTER 6 • TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS
Zn + 2OH− → ZnO + H2O + 2e−
2MnO2 + H2O + 2e− → Mn2O3 + 2OH−
2MnO2 + Zn → Mn2O3 + ZnO
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329CHAPTER 6 • TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS
Cd + 2OH− → Cd(OH)2 + 2e−
2NiO(OH) + 2H2O + 2e− → 2Ni(OH)2 + 2OH−
2NiO(OH) + 2H2O + Cd → 2Ni(OH)2 + Cd(OH)2
2Ni(OH)2 + Cd(OH)2 → 2NiO(OH) + 2H2O + Cd
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330 SASTA STAGE 1 • CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK
Pb + SO42− → PbSO4 + 2e−
PbO2 + SO42− + 4H+ + 2e− → PbSO4 + 2H2O
PbO2 + 2SO42− + 4H+ + Pb → 2PbSO4 + 2H2O
2PbSO4 + 2H2O → PbO2 + 2SO42− + 4H+ + Pb
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331CHAPTER 6 • TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS
LiC6 → C6 + Li+ + e−
CoO2 + Li+ + e− → LiCoO2
Li+ + e− + LiCoO2 → Li2O + CoO
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337CHAPTER 6 • TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS
SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER QUESTIONS
AND REVIEW TESTS
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393SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND REVIEW TESTS
’
→
Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
→
Cr2O72− + 14H+ + 6e− → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e−
6Fe2+ → 6Fe3+ + 6e−
Cr2O72− + 14H+ + 6Fe2+ → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O + 6Fe3+
Fe2+
Cr2O72−
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
Na → Na+ + e−
2H2O + 2e− → 2OH− + H2
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OBH to insert barcode here
Chemistry
SACE STAGE 1 Australian Curriculum
TOPICS> Materials and their atoms> Combining atoms> Molecules> Mixtures and solutions> Acids and bases> Redox reactions
WORKBOOK
Supporting Teachers of Science Advancing Science Education
SECOND EDITION Rhys Lewis
Chem
istryW
OR
KB
OO
K
SASTA’s resources are written explicitly for the SACE Subject Outlines. Questions address the Assessment Design Criteria including investigation, analysis, and evaluation; and knowledge and application.
SACE STAGE 2 BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY & PHYSICS • Workbooks • Study Guides
Written explicitly for the SACE 2018 Stage 2 Subject Outlines. SASTA’s Science series continues a successful pedagogical approach to both educate and challenge students to reach their full potential.
The workbooks are published in full colour and contain hundreds of original illustrations.
With over 500 fully worked questions in each workbook, this book is a must have for all students and educators in 2018 and beyond.
Available in Stage 1 and Stage 2.
To order, or for further information visit sasta.asn.au
249 Henley Beach Road, Torrensville SA 5031 PO Box 678, Torrensville Plaza SA 5031 P 8354 0006 F 8354 0008 www.sasta.asn.au
Supporting Teachers of Science Advancing Science Education
SACE Stage 2 Science Series
SASTA Resources
Details and ordering: www.sasta.asn.au
COPYRIGHT S
ASTA 2018