saqarTvelo da regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartia

saqarTvelo da regionaluri an umciresobaTa

enebis evropuli qartia

jonatan uiTli

ECMI-is samuSao moxseneba # 42

ivnisi, 2009 w.

umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri (ECMI) ECMI saTavo ofisi: Sifbriuke 12 (kompagnietor) D-24939 flensburgi, germania

tel: +49-(0) 461-14 14 9-0 faqsi +49-(0) 461-14 14 9-19 vebgverdi: http://www.ecmi.de

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ECMI-is samuSao moxseneba # 42 umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri (ECMI)

saavtoro uflebebi 2009 wlisTvis ekuTvnis umciresobaTa sakiTxbis evropul centrs (ECMI) gamoqveynebulia 2009 wlis ivnisSi umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris mier (ECMI) ISSN: 1435-9812

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sarCevi

I. Sesavali..........................................................................................................................................................4

II. saqarTveloSi enobrivi mravalferovnebis SenarCuneba......................8

1. nawilis II-is gamoyenebis moculoba....................................................................................8 2. dacvis saWiroeba....................................................................................................................................18 3. dacva regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartiis nawili II-is Sesabamisad...................................................................................................................20 III. enobrivi uflebebi da samoqalaqo integracia..........................................24

1. ganaTleba.......................................................................................................................................................30 2. marTlmsajulebis sistema.................................................................................................................33 3. saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebi............................................................................35 4. mediis saSualebebi..............................................................................................................................38 5. kultura..........................................................................................................................................................41 6. ekonomikuri saqmianobebi...............................................................................................................43 7. sazRvarTSorisi gacvla................................................................................................................44 8. nawili III-is gamoyenebis Sejameba.......................................................................................44 IV. daskvna.........................................................................................................................................................45

danarTi 1: regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartia..................................47

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I. Sesavali

saqarTvelo mravalenovan da mravaleTnikur sazogadoebas

warmoadgens. mraval umciresobaTa enaze saubroben saqarTveloSi, maT

Sorisa: afxazuri, osuri, azerbaijanuli, somxuri, rusuli, ukrainuli,

kurmanji (qurTuli), CeCnuri (qisturi), otomanuri Turquli, pontiuri

berZnuli, siriuli, avaruli, wova-TuSuri da udinuri. amis garda,

qarTuli mosaxleobis umetesoba saubrobs oTx gansxvavebul enaze –

qarTuli, megruli, svanuri da lazuri – Tumca isini ZiriTadad

adgilobriv enebs warmoadgenen da ar gamoiyeneba weriTi formiT.

saqarTvelos konstituciis me-8 muxlis Tanaxmad, oficialuri saxelmwifo

ena aris qarTuli, afxazeTSi aseve afxazuri. umciresobaTa enebis umetesi

nawili gamoiyeneba mxolod qveynis calkeul regionebSi.

1999 wlis aprilSi, evropis sabWoSi gawevrianebisas, saqarTvelom

valdebuleba aiRo, xeli moewera regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis

evropul qartiaze da misi ratificireba moexdina gawevrianebidan erTi

wlis ganmavlobaSi. Tumca evropis saWoSi gawevrianebidan aTi wlis Semdeg,

saqarTvelos arc qartiaze mouweria xeli da arc misi ratificireba

mouxdenia.

am sakiTxis dayovnebis ramodenime mizezi arsebobs. erT-erTi maTgani

aris is, rom prezident eduard SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis bolo periodSi,

romelic sabolood 2003 wlis noemberSi vardebis revoluciiT damTavrda,

saqarTvelo nel-nela kargavda stimuls, ufro sruli integracia moexdina

evropul struqturebTan. saqarTvelos gawevrianebas evropis sabWoSi 1999

wels xelmZRvanelobda saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavmjdomare zurab

Jvania, romelic evropul struqturebTan integraciis mxardamWeri iyo.

Tumca 2001 wlis bolosaTvis, Jvania da misi momxreebi warmoadgendnen

opozicias da eduard SevardnaZis ukiduresad izolirebuli

mTavrobisaTvis evropis sabWoSi srulyofili monawileoba ar iyo

prioriteti. vardebis revoluciis Semdeg, pro-evropuli politikuri

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orientacia aRdgenil iqna da 2005 wlis bolos parlamentma erovnul

umciresobaTa dacvis CarCo-konvenciis ratificireba moaxdina. am

mniSvnelovani nabijis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos mTavroba ar gamoxatavs

mondomebas moaxdinos enebis qartiis ratifikacia.

Seyovnebis erT-erTi mizezi aris qarTulenovani mosaxleobis

umravlesobaSi gavrcelebuli sazogadoebrivi azri, romelsac mxars uWers

parlamentarebis da saxelmwifo moxeleebis didi nawili. ena Zalian

politizirebuli sakiTxia da qarTul enas miniWebuli aqvs TiTqmis wminda

statusi, rogorc qarTuli eris arsebobis wyaros. enis centralurma

poziciam eTno-nacionalur politikur SexedulebaSi apogeas miaRwia 1980-

iani wlebis bolos da 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos

damoukideblobisTvis brZolis periodSi, Tumca igi dResac aqtualuria.

amavdroulad, saqarTveloSi umciresobaTa enebis gamoyeneba ganisazRvreba

qarTuli umravlesobis mier rogorc Secdoma, romelic saWiroebs

Sesworebas. amas agreTve emateba is azri, rom erovnuli umciresobebi

warmoadgenen Tavisebur “mesame kolonas”, romelTa erTguleba

saxelmwifos mimarT arasdros ar aris garantirebuli. saqarTvelos

mosaxleobis umravlesobisTvis filosofiur gamowvevas warmoadgens imis

gaTviTcnobiereba, rom umciresobaTa enebi warmoadgenen qveynisTvis

kulturuli simdidris wyaros.

Tumca, es ideologiuri midgoma ar aris erTaderTi mizezi imisa, rom

saqarTvelom dRemde ar moawera xeli enebis qartias. agreTve arsebobs

sakmaod praqtikuli sakiTxi, SeiZleba Tu ara, erTi mxriv, integraciis

miznebis da, meore mxriv, umciresobaTa enebis waxalisebis, SeTanxmeba.

erTiani sazogadoebis, anu demosis, romelic efuZneba cnebas “Cven, eri”,

Seqmnis sakiTxSi saqarTvelos ZiriTad problemas warmoadgens erTiani enis

ararseboba, romelzec mTeli eri isaubrebs. es sakiTxi

problematuriaATiTqmis yvela yofili sabWoTa kavSiris respublikisaTvis.

saqarTveloSi es problema gansakuTrebuli simwvaviT dadga 1990-ian da

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adreul 2000-ian wlebSi saxelmwifos sisustis gamo, rasac daemata

geografiulad izolirebuli araqarTulenovani mosaxleobis qveynis

samoqalaqo cxovrebaSi integraciis warumatebeli mcdelobebi. 2002 wlis

mosaxlebis saerTo aRweriTi monacemebis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos erovnuli

umciresobebis mxolod 31%-i Tavisuflad flobs qarTul enas; 1979 wels

es maCvenebeli 19,5% Seadgenda1. procentuli zrda Zalian dabalia,

gansakuTrebiT, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom erovnuli umciresobebis mravalma

warmomadgenelma datova qveyana damoukideblobis miRebis Semdeg da

logikuria davaskvnaT, rom isini vinc cudad flobdnen an saerTod ar

flobda qarTul enas, eqnebodaT wasvlis yvelaze didi mizezi. amitom,

SesaZlebelia, rom es dabali zrdac ki (19,5%-dan 31%-mde) aris ufro

imigraciis Sedegi, vidre saxelmwifo enis gaumjobesebuli codnis

maCvenebeli. Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT, rom TiTqmis yvela beWdviTi masala

da saxelmwifo dokumenti qveyndeba qarTul enaze, bevr TemSi, sadac

umciresobebis enebze molaparake mosaxleobaa koncentrirebuli, romlebic

cudad flobs an saerTod ar flobs qarTul enas, imyofebian informaciul

vakuumSi da mciredi warmodgena aqvT qveyanaSi mimdinare movlenebze. es

gansakuTrebiT miesadageba qvemo qarTlsa da samcxe-javaxeTSi mcxovreb

azerbaijanul da somxur Temebs, sadac umciresobaTa enebze molaparake

sazogadoebasTvis damaxasiaTiabeli iyo sakuTari Tavis azerbaijanul da

somxur, da ara qarTul kulturul sivrcesTan mimxrobis tendencia.

samoqalaqo integraciis problemis gadawyveta mdgomareobs

WeSmaritad mravalenovani sazogadoebis ganviTarebaSi, sadac instituciur

doneze arsebobs orenovnebis (bilingualizmis) waxalisebis tendencia da

ar aqvs adgili izolacionizmis da sazogado sferodan umciresobaTa

enebis aRmofxvras. umciresobaTa enebze molaparake mosaxleobisTvis

saWiroa motivaciis Seqmna, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrda TaobisTvis, raTa

1 wyaroebi: saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 2002 wlis pirveli erovnuli sayovelTao aRweris Sedegebi; saqarTvelos ssr-is centraluri statistikuri uwyeba, sabWoTa kavSiris mosaxleobis aRweris Sedegebi 1979 wlisTvis saqarTvelos respublikaSi (Tbilisi, 1980 w.).

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maT survili hqondeT iswavlon qarTuli ena da am gziT integrireba

moaxdinon qveynis socialur, ekonomikur da politikur cxovrebaSi.

amavdroulad, saWiroa umciresobaTa enebze molaparake mosaxleobis

darwmuneba, rom saxelmwifo namdvilad afasebs maT enebs da kulturas da

ar aqvs “faruli gegma”, moaxdinos maTi asimilacia.

MTumca, erTis mxriv, qarTuli sazogadoeba xasiaTdeba samoqalaqo

integraciis sferoSi gamocdilebis ar qoniT da didi enobrivi Temebis

metnaklebad gancalkevebuli ganviTarebiT – rogoricaa qarTvelebi,

azerbaijanelebi qvemo qarTlSi da somxebi samcxe-javaxeTSi, ufro patara

enobriv jgufebs naklebi saSualeba hqondaT sakuTari kulturuli

TviTmyofadobis SesanarCuneblad da SeiZleba asimilacia maT xelsayrel

pirobadac ki CaeTvalaT - es yvelaze metad miesadageba Zalze

mcirericxovan enobriv Temebs, rogoricaa, magaliTad, udinebi, wova-TuSebi,

avarebi da asirielebi, romlebsac naklebad gaaCniaT SesaZlebloba miscen

sakuTar Svilebs ganaTleba mSobliur enaze. am umciresobebs, somxebisa da

azerbaijanelebisgan gansxvavebiT, ar aqvT monaTesave saxelmwifo, sadac

gaaJRereben Tavis problemas, da praqtikulad ar gaaCniaT sakuTari enis

SenarCunebis saSualeba. amitom saWiroa dauyoneblivi da aqtiuri zomebis

miReba, am enebis gadasarCenad. regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis

evropuli qartiis meore nawilSi aRwerilia meqanizmi, romelic am miznis

miRwevas SesaZlebels xdis.

winamdebare moxseneba gayofilia or nawilad. pirvelSi me ganvixilav

im regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis SenarCunebis sakiTxs, romlebsac

gaqroba emuqreba. es exeba ara marto zemoTCamoTvlil umciresobaTa enebs,

aramed sam regionalur qarTul enasac – megrul, svanur da lazur enebs,

rac politikurad sakamaToa, radgan maTi aRiareba gansxvavebul enebad

SeiZleba interpretirebul iqnas, rogorc muqara qarTuli eris erTianobis

mimarT. am moxsenebis pirvel nawilSi ganxiluli iqneba am enebis dacva

enebrovi qartiis meore nawilSi aRwerili meqanizmebis gamoyenebiT.

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moxsenebis meore nawilSi ganxiluli iqneba is enebi, romlebzec

saubroben didi, teritoriulad kompaqturi erovnuli umciresobebi,

kerZod, azerbaijanelebi da somxebi. saWiroa am enebis mxardaWerisTvis im

regionebSi, sadac isini farTod gamoiyeneba, konkretuli zomebis miReba.

problema isaa, rom saWiroa maTi sazogado cxovrebaSi gamoyenebis iseTi

xelSewyoba, rom ziani ar miadges qarTuli enis saxelmwifo statuss an

xeli ar SeeSalos azerbaijanuli da somxuri umciresobebis integracias

qarTul sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. amisTvis saWiroa ganvixiloT, Tu

rogor SeiZleba enobrivi qartiis mesame nawilis debulebebis gamoyeneba am

enebis mimarT.

II. saqarTveloSi enobrivi mravalferovnebis SenarCuneba

enobrivi qartiis ZiriTadi konceptualuri principi albaT aris

“regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis aRiareba kulturuli simdidris

gamoxatulebad” (muxli 7.1a). am principidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba

davaskvnaT, rom regionaluri an umciresobis enis dakargva qveynis

kulturuli simdidrisTvis danakargia. aqedan gamomdinare, enobrivi

mravalferovneba ganixileba, rogorc faseuloba, romelic dacvas

saWiroebs. moxsenebis am nawilis mizania saqarTvelos enobrivi

mravalferovnebis ganxilva, Tavidan imis gansazRvrebiT, Tu ra

regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi arsebobs saqarTveloSi da Sesabamisad,

qartiis nawili II–is gamoyenebis moculobis gansazRvra; Semdeg am enebis

winaSe aresebuli safrTxeebis Seswavla da bolos, imis ganxilva, Tu

rogor SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas nawili II am enebTan mimarTebaSi da ra

meqanizmebi arsebobs maTi dacvisa da ganviTarebisTvis.

1. nawili II-is gamoyenebis moculoba

Jan-mari vurlingis Tanaxmad, enobrivi qartiis meore nawili (anu muxli 7)

gulisxmobs mis gamoyenebas yvela regionalur an umciresobaTa enis

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mimarT.2 magram, es varaudi, Tavis mxriv, iwvevs kiTxvas, Tu ras warmoadgens

regionaluri an umciresobaTa ena. aq sayuradRebo muxls warmoadgens

muxli 1a, romelSic naTqvamia:

am qartiis miznebisTvis:

a. “regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi” aris is enebi, romlebic:

i. tradiciulad gamoiyeneba saxelmwifos garkveul teritoriaze misi

moqalaqeebis mier, romlebic Seadgenen saxelmwifos danarCen mosaxleobaze

ricxobrivad ufro patara jgufs; da

ii. gansxvavdeba saxelmwifos oficialur enis/enebisgan;

amaSi ar Sedis saxelmwifos oficialuri enis/enebis dialeqtebi an

migrantTa enebi.

cxrilSi 1 (ix. qvemoT) mocemulia saqarTveloSi arsebuli da

aRiarebuli yvela enis CamonaTvali, maT Sorisaa enebi, romlebic yvelaze

metad akmayofileben enobrivi qartiis muxlSi 1a Camoyalibebul

kriteriumebs, da agreTve enebi, romlebic ar Seesabameba maT cxramet enas.

sinamdvileSi Seesabameba muxlSi 1-Si CamoTvlil kriteriumebs: afxzuri,

azerbaijanuli, somxuri, rusuli, osuri, kurmanji, ukrainuli, CeCnuri,

urum Turquli, ponturi berZnuli, asiriuli neo-aramauli, bohtanuri neo-

arameuli, avaruli da bacburi. momdevno cxra ena – germanuli, polonuri,

boSuri, moldovuri, estonuri, latvuri, litvuri, Cexuri da bulgaruli.

udinuri ena SesZloa CaiTvalos sasazRvro SemTxvevad. Udinuri,

romelzec saubroben saqarTvelos yvarlis raionis sofel oqtomberSi,

mniSvnelovan dacvas saWiroebs da Sesabamisi zomebis gatarebis gareSe,

SesaZloa mkvdar enad iqces. sinamdvileSi, am enaze mxolod sam sofelSi

saubroben (erT - qarTul zemoTxsenebul sofelSi da or - azerbaijanSi

mdebare sofelSi). Tumca saqarTveloSi arsebuli udinuri ena ar SeiZleba

miCneul iqnes tradiciul enad, radgan es ena Semotanil iqna migrantebis

mier azerbaijanidan, romlebic gadmosaxldnen saqarTveloSi I msoflio

2 Jan-mari vurlingi, regionaluri da umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartia: kritikuli komentari (strasburgi: evrosabWos gamomcemloba, 2005 w.).

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omis Semdgom, daaxloebiT 1920 wlisaTvis. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom

Sefasebis praqtikis mixedviT, magaliTisaTvis: makedoniuri ena serbeTSi da

Cexuri slovakeTSi, enobrivi qartiis eqspertTa komitetma, I msoflio omis

dasrulebis Semdgom gavrcelebuli enebi, regionalur an umciresobaTa

enebad miiCnia. Sesabimasad, udinuri ena ar eqvemdebare regionaluri

qartiiT dacvas. dRevandelobis gaTvaliswinebiT, igi SeiZleba ramodenime

weliwadSi qartiis dacvis qveS moeqces.

danarCeni oTxi ena – latviuri, Cexuri, boSuri da moldovuri,

savaraudod ar akmayofilebs kriteriums, vinaidan warmoadgenen migrantTa

mier SedarebiT axlaxans gavrcelebul enebs, anu umetswilad sabWoTa

periodSi. idiSuri, romelzec saubrobs ebraelTa mosaxleobis mcire

nawili saqarTveloSi, aseve sul axlaxans iqna wamoweuli wina planze,

rogorc ebrauli ploretariatis ena da aqedan gamomdinare, ver

akmayofilebs kriteriums.

cxrili 1: regionaluri da umciresobaTa enebi saqarTveloSi

ena enobrivi ojaxi saubroben mosaxleobis ricxvi, romelic mSobliur enad miiCnevs3

adgilmdebareoba

azerbaijanuli azerbaijanuli qvejgufi, Turquli

azerbaijanelebi 283,632 marneulis, bolnisis, dmanisis raionebi (mosaxleobis 50%-ze meti). agreTve gardabnis, sagarejos, lagodexis da Telavis raionebi (10%-ze meti).

somxuri Trakiuli qvejgufi, indo-evropuli

somxebi 235,653 axalqalaqis da ninowmindis raionebi (90%-ze meti), walkis

3 monacemebSi ar Sedis afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis regionebSi mcxovrebi mosaxleoba, sadac saqarTvelos saxelmwifos ver axorcielebs mmarTvelobas da sadac ar arsebobs mosaxleobis aRweris uaxlesi monacemebi. wyaroebi: (azerbaijanuli, somxuri, ukrainuli da rusuli enebisTvis) saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwipo departamenti, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 2002 wlis pireveli erovnuli sayovelTao aRweris Sedegebi (Tbilisi: 2003 w.); (sxvebisTvis) miaxlovebuli monacemebi,

miRebuli ECMI-is Sefasebebidan 2006-2009 wlebisTvis.

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raioni (50%-ze meti). agreTve axalcixis da aspinZis raionebi (10%-ze meti). didi ricxvia agreTve TbilisSi.

afxazuri Crdilo-dasavlur kavkasiuri

afxazebi daax. 3,500 aWara, Tbilisi, rusTavi

rusuli slavuri qvejgufi, indo-evropuli

rusebi, zogierTi sxva umciresobac, gansakuTr., Tbiliseli somxebi da osebi

83,007 yvela mTavari qalaqis centri, gansakuTrebiT Tbilisi; zogierTi soflis regionebi, gansakuTrebiT kaxeTsa da ninowmindis raionebSi

osuri iranuli qvejgufi, indo-evropuli

osebi 31,381 kaxeTi, Sida qarTli, mcxeTa-mTiuleTi

kurmanji iranuli qvejgufi, indo-evropuli

qurTebi/iezidebi daax. 10,000 Tbilisi, Telavi, sxva urbanuli teritoriebi

ukrainuli slavuri qvejgufi, indo-evropuli

ukrainelebi 5,466 mTavari qalaqebis centrebi, gansakuTrebiT baTumi

CeCnuri (qisturi)

naxuri qvejgufi, kavkasiuri

qistebi daax. 7,000 axmetis raioni, Tbilisi

idiSi germanuli, indo-evropuli

ebraelebi <1000 Tbilisi, gori, quTaisi

germanuli germanuli, indo-evropuli

germanelebi <1000 Tbilisi, rustavi, baTumi, bolnisi

polonuri dasavlur slavuri, indo-evropuli

polonelebi <1000 ZiriTadad Tbilisi, magram agreTve quTaisi, baTumi, rusTavi da axalcixe

boSuri indo-iranuli, indo-evropuli

boSebi daax. 1500 Tbilisi, rusTavi, quTaisi, qobuleTi

urum Turquli Turquli berZnebi daax. 1500 walkis, TeTriwyaros raionebi

pontiuri berZnuli

indo-evropuli berZnebi daax. 1000 izolirebuli Temebi

siriuli neoaramauli

semituri asirielebi (warmoSobiT ZiriTadad iranidan)

daax. 2000 Tbilisi, sofeli kanda (mcxeTis raioni), dasavluri saqarTvelo

bohtanuri neoarameuli

semituri asirielebi (warmoSobiT ZiriTadad TurqeTidan)

daax. 1000 gardabani, Tbilisi

avaruli daRestanuri, Crdilo-aRmosavluri

Avarebi <2,000 yvarlis raioni

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kavkasiuri

bacburi naxuri, Crdilo-aRmosavluri kavkasiuri

wova-TuSebi <1,000 axmetis raioni

udinuri lekuri, Crdilo-aRmosavluri kavkasiuri

Udinebi <500 yvarlis raioni

moldovuri romaul-germanuli, indo-evropuli

Moldovelebi <1000 Tbilisi

estonuri balto-finuri, uraluri

estonelebi <100 urbanuli teritoriebi

latviuri baltiuri, indo-evropuli

latvielebi <100 urbanuli teritoriebi

Litvuri baltiuri, indo-evropuli

litvelebi <100 urbanuli teritoriebi

Cexuri dasavlur-slavuri, indo-evropuli

Cexebi <50 urbanuli teritoriebi

bulgaruli samxreT-slavuri, indo-evropuli

bulgarelebi <150 urbanuli teritoriebi

lekuri lekuri, Crdilo-aRmosavluri kavkasiuri

lekebi <50 urbanuli teritoriebi

megruli qarTveluri, samxreT kavkasiuri

qarTvelebi daax. 400,000 samegrelos regioni, Tbilisi

svanuri qarTveluri, samxreT kavkasiuri

qarTvelebi daax. 30000 mestiis, lentexis raionebi, qvemo qarTli

lazuri qarTveluri, samxreT kavkasiuri

qarTvelebi <1000 sarfi, kvariaTi, gonio (aWara)

da bolos, gvaqvs sami bolomde dauzustebeli SemTxveva, sadac

gaurkvevlobaa imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rasTan gvaqvs saqme - enasTan Tu

ubralod qarTuli enis dialeqtTan. esenia megruli, svanuri da lazuri. es

enebi/dialeqtebi, qarTulis msgavsad, miekuTvnebian enebis igive

(qarTvelur) qvejgufs, magram sakmarisad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan

imisaTvis, rom erTmaneTisTvis gasagebi iyvnen. am enebze mosaubre adamianebi

sakuTar Tavs qarTvelebad Tvlian da faqtobrivad, yvela maTgani

Tavisuflad flobs qarTuls. am enobrivi jgufebidan mniSvnelovnad ufro

didi jgufi - megrelebia, romlebic dasaxlebulni arian dasavleTSi

samegrelos mxaresa da afxazeTis galis raionSi; saqarTveloSi

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daaxloebiT 40,0000-dan 50,0000-mde megrul enaze molaparake adamiani

cxovrobs, rac Seadgens qveynis mTliani mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 10%-s4.

lazuri ena gasagebia imaTTvis, vinc saubrobs megrulad da piriqiT.

lazuri enis mflobelebis umravlesoba cxovrobs dRevandel TurqeTSi

(sadac es ena cnobilia, rogorc lazuriuli), Tumca qarTul sasazRvro

sofel sarfSi, da agreTve, axlomdebare kvariaTis da gonios soflebSi

cxovrobs lazurad molaparake ramodenime aseuli adamiani. svanur enaze

molaparake mosaxleoba koncentrirebulia Crdilo-dasavleT

saqarTveloSi, svaneTis mTian regionSi, sadac 20,000-ze meti macxovrebeli

cxovrobs.

megruli, svanuri da lazuri enebi ZiriTadad sasaubro enebia, Tumca

ramodenime folkloruli teqsti, rogoricaa, magaliTad, SoTa rusTavelis

epikuri poema “vefxistyaosani”, gadaiTargmna megrul enaze qarTuli anbanis

gamoyenebiT. qarTvel enaTmecnierTa Soris arsebobs tendencia, ganixilon

es enebi, rogorc dialeqtebi da ara calke enebi. megruli, svanuri da

lazuri enebis aRiarebaze uaris Tqmas aqvs Zlieri politikuri motivi,

romelic efuZneba im azrs, rom aseTi nabiji safrTxes uqmnis qarTvelebis,

rogorc mTliani eris, erTianobas. aq gansxvaveba dialeqtsa da enas Soris

gadamwyvetia, vinaidan enebi eqvemdebarebian dacvas enobrivi da

regionaluri evropuli qartiis meore nawilis mixedviT, maSin roca

saxelmwifo enis/enebis dialeqtebi amas ar eqvemdebarebian.

am sakiTxis politikuri mgrZnobiarobis axsna SeiZleba qarTvelebis

umetesobis gonebaSi arsebuli asociaciiT “ersa” da “enas” Soris, da

agreTve imiT, Tu rogor eqceodnen megrul identurobas uaxloes

istoriaSi. Sua saukuneebidan moyolebuli me-19 saukunis dasawyisamde,

roca saqarTvelo ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi Sevida, megruli iyo

4 ix. lorens broersi, “vin arian megrelebi? ena, identuroba da politika dasavleT saqarTveloSi” (moxseneba erTa Seswavlebis asociaciis meeqvse wliuri konvenciisTvis, 2001 w.)

http://www.bonetweb.com/caucasus/KV/OECAUC/mingrelians.pdf




14

adgilobrivi ena, romelzec saubrobda samegrelos da nawilobriv

dRevandeli afxazeTis TiTqmis mTeli mosaxleoba. mxolod sasuliero

elitis mcirericxovani kasta am regionebSi iyenebda qarTuls, rogorc

literaturul enas. me-19 saukunis meore naxevarSi rusma eTnografebma

daiwyes megrelebis calke eTnikur jgufad klasifikacia, danarCen qarTul

sazogadoebasTan arsebuli enobrivi gansxvavebebis safuZvelze, ramac

Zlieri protesti gamoiwvia qarTul inteligenciaSi. es kamaTi gagrZelda

sabWoTa kavSiris daarsebis Semdegac. mosaxleobis sruliad sakavSiro

aRweraSi, romelic Catarda 1926 wels, megrelebi, svanebi, lazebi da

aWarlebi iyvnen klasificirebuli, rogorc calke erovnebebi (народности),

gansxvavebuli qarTvelebisgan. amave dros (rac grZeldeboda 1930-ian ww-

mde) gamodioda presa megrul enaze, adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi komunisturi

partiis ideologiis gavrcelebis mizniT. Tumca, 1939 wels mosaxleobis

xelaxali aRwerisas megrelebis klasifikacia moxda iseve, rogorc

qarTvelebisa, da megruli presa gauqmda.5

miuxedavad imisa, rom megrelebis calke erovnebad kvalifikaciis

mcdelobaze uari iTqva, qarTul inteligenciaSi darCa STabeWdileba, rom

moskovi awyobs SeTqmulebas qarTveli eris “gayofasa da batonobaze”.

megruli sakiTxis irgvliv arsebuli polemika kvlav wamoiWra saqarTvelos

mier damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg. afxazeTSi omis Semdeg, romlis

Sedegad afxazeTma moipova de-faqto damoukidebloba Tbilisisgan da

moxda daaxloebiT 250 aTasi qarTvelis gandevna, afxazuri mxare Seecada

megruli enis popularizacias da galis raionSi rusul-afxazur-megrul

gazeTis gamoqveynebac ki scada.6 am moqmedebis naTeli mizani iyo galis

raionSi ramodenime darCenili qarTuli ojaxis darwmuneba imaSi, rom

sakuTari Tavi CaeTvalaT megrelebad da ara qarTvelebad. qarTulma mxarem

miiRo es faqti, rogorc mtrobis aqti.

5 broersi “vin arian megrelebi?” 6 iqve.

15

amitom, ar aris gasakviri, rom nebismieri saubari saqarTveloSi

megruli, svanuri an lazuri enebisTvis xelisSemwyobi meqanizmebis

Semotanaze qarTuli moxeleebis da inteligenciis mxirdan eWviT an sulac

mtrulad miiReba. magaliTad, lorens broers xazs usvams 1999 wels

Jurnal “literaturul saqarTveloSi” dabeWdili murman lebaniZis leqsis

nawyvetis Targmans:

`viT deda- mtkvarTan Woroxs da engurs,

rions da texurs, iors da aragvs,

agreTve- enas, qarTulTan megruls,

xma amoiRos ufleba ar aqvs” . 7

amitom ismis ZiriTadi sakiTxi - aris Tu ara saWiro megruli, svanuri

da lazuri enebis regionalur enebad CaTvla da amis Sedegad maTTvis

dacvis uzrunvelyofa regionaluri da enobrivi evropuli qarti-is

Tanaxmad. formalurad, “regionaluri ena” ar aris calke termini qartiis

farglebSi; ar SeiZleba misi gancalkeveba “regionaluri an umciresobaTa

enebis” erTgvari “ganuyofeli” terminisgan. kerZod, “regionaluri ena” ar

niSnavs “dialeqtur naxevrad-enas”. miuxedavad amisa, zogierTi saxelmwifo,

rogoricaa germania, niderlandebi da poloneTi (ix. qvemoT), mas zustad

amgvarad ganixilaven da miaCniaT, rom saWiroa im enebis dacva, romelTa

mflobelebi ar miakuTvneben sakuTar Tavs erovnul umciresobas.

problema isaa, rom Zalian xSirad sakiTxi, aris Tu ara konkretuli

ena damoukidebeli Tu dialeqti, aris politikuri. SesaZlebelia enebis

ganxilva, rogorc dialeqtebis, maTi oficialuri aRiarebis garkveuli

formiT, an – maqs vainraixis cnobili formulirebiT – “dialeqtebad

jaris TanxlebiT”. ra Tqma unda, arsebobs ramdenime obieqturi kriteriumi,

romlis mixedviTac ena ganirCeva dialeqtisagan, kerZod, esaa msgavsobis

7 iqve. aRsaniSnavia, rom mdinare mtkvari miedineba TbilisSi, sxvebi ki saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi.

16

done da is, Tu ramdenad “dialeqti” da is “mSobeli ena”, romlis nawilic

pirveli SeiZleba iyos, gasagebia erTmaneTisTvis. amis miuxedavad, arsebobs

bevri magaliTi, rodesac adgilobrivi ena ukve sakmaod daSorebulia

“mSobeli enisgan”, magram mainc iTvleba dialeqtad (aq SeiZleba gavixsenoT

italiuri “dialeqtebis” magaliTi, rogoricaa napolitano). amitom, xSirad

dialeqti iTvleba enad, Tu igi ibeWdeba da iTvleba ara ubralod

adgilobriv enad, aramed literaturul enad, an Tu ena ramdenadme mainc

sargeblobs prestiJiT.

regionaluri da umciresobaTa evropuli qartia, am mxriv sakmaod

bundovania, Tumca Seicavs regionaluri enis da dialeqtis erTmaneTisgan

garCevis ramodenime miTiTebas. Jan-mari vurlingis enobriv qartiaze

„kritikuli komentaris“ Tanaxmad:

dialeqtebi, rogorc mocemuli enis variantebi. aseTi variaciebi erTi enis

farglebSi SeiZleba iyos metad an naklebad aSkara, rac damokidebulia istoriul,

geografiul an socialur aspeqtze. erTi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani fatqori

aris konkretul enaze molaparake pirTa subieqturi darwmunebuloba, rom isini

laparakoben erTidaigive enaze, es dajerebuloba xSirad ganisazRvreba politikuri

konteqstiT.8

qveynebma, romlebic xeli moaweres regionaluri da umciresobaTa

evropuli qartia-s, gamoiyenes qartia im adgilobrivi enebis dasacavad,

romlebic arian regionaluri enis da dialeqtis sazRvarze. magaliTad,

niderlandebSi gadawyvites qartiis nawilis II gamoyeneba limburgis

regionaluri enis dasacavad (limburgiuli), romelic xSirad

ganisazRvreba, rogorc holandiuris dialeqti. amis msgavsad, germaniam

gamoiyena qartiis nawilebi II da III qveda germanulTan mimarTebaSi

(Niederdeutsch an Plattdeutsch), romelic agreTve xSirad ganisazRvreba, rogorc

adgilobrivi ena. amis miuxedavad, qartiis muxlis 15 Tanaxmad, evropis

sabWos generaluri mdivnisTvis wardgenil pirvelad periodul angariSSi

8 vurlingi, regionaluri da umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartia: kritikuli komentari, gv. 63

17

germaniis mTavrobam gamoiyena qveda germanulis 16-e saukunamde arsebuli

weriTi enis statusi, misi CarTvis gamarTlebisTvis.9 sxva germanuli

dialeqtebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, bavariuli, ar iyo CarTuli.

rac Seexeba megruls, svanursa da lazur enebs, mxolod obieqtur

kriteriumebze dayrdnobiTac Znelia imis damtkiceba, rom isini mxolod

qarTuli enis dialeqtebi arian, vinaidan isini ar arian gasagebi qarTuli

enis mcodneebisTvis. amis miuxedavad, is faqti, rom maT ar gaaCniaT

damwerloba da SedarebiT dabali prestiJi aqvT, amcirebs subieqtur da

politikuri aspeqtebs maTi regionalur enebad aRiarebis winaaRmdeg.

ZiriTadad, evropis sabWos evropaSi regionalur an umciresobebis enebis

eqspertTa komiteti, romelic axorcielebs qartiis Sesrulebis

monitorings, aZlevs saSualebas saxelmwifoebsa da maT mosaxleobas

dadginon gansxvaveba regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebsa da dialeqtebs

Soris. erT-erTi kriteriumi im faqtis gansazRvrisTvis, aris Tu ara

“dialeqti” regionaluri an umciresobaTa ena, aris am enaze molaparake

adamianebis misi aRqma calke enad (ix. vurlingis citata zemoT). meores

mxriv, dabali prestiJis problema ar unda gamoyenebul iqnas argumentad

imisaTvis, rom ar iqnas daculi regionaluri an umciresobaTa ena, vinaidan

regionaluri an umciresobaTa ena tradiciulad naklebi prestiJiT

sargeblobs, vidre standartizirebuli enebi evropis bevr nawilSi. am

moxsenebis mizani ar gaxlavT qarTuli mTavrobisTvis imis miTiTeba,

CaiTvalos Tu ara megruli, svanuri da lazuri ena regionalur enebad.

magram, mogvianebiT me SemogTavazebT ramodenime winadadebas, rogor

SeiZleba am enebis dacva, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mTavroba gadawyvets, aRiaros

isini.

9 evrosabWos generaluri mdivnisadmi gagzavnili perioduli angariSi qartiis me-15 punqtis

Sesabamisad: germania (Council of Europe, MIN-LANG/PR 2000 (1), Strasbourg 20 November 2000) www.coe.int

http://www.coe.int/

18

2. dacvis saWiroeba

CamoTvlili enebidan gansakuTrebul dacvas saWiroeben is enebi,

romlebic naklebad gamoiyeneba. saqarTveloSi mcire ricxovan enobriv

Temebs ar gaaCniaT seriozuli meqanizmebi sakuTari enis dacvis da

ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofisTvis. sabWoTa saganmanaTleblo sistema

aZlevda gansakuTrebul privilegiebs garkveul enebs, kerZod ki im enebs,

romlebzec saubrobda administratiul-teritoriuli erTeulis erovneba

(respublika, avtonomiuri respublika da avtonomiuri regioni), ufro

mcirericxovan enobriv Temebs ki mouwodebdnen esaubraT an rusulad, an im

respublikis titularuli erovnebis enaze, romelSic cxovrobdnen. ase

magaliTad, saqarTveloSi rusul, azerbaijanul, somxur, afxazur da osur

skolebSi mimdinareobda swavla Sesabamis enebze; iezidebi, berZnebi,

asirielebi da udinebi dadiodnen rusul an qarTul skolebSi da maT

mouwodebdnen elaparakaT ufro farTod gavrcelebul enebze. mas Semdeg,

rac saqarTvelom moipova damoukidebloba 1991 wels, is mcire saSualebebi,

romlebic arsebobda mcirericxovani umciresobebis enis da kulturis

dasacavad, amoiwura dafinansebis ararsebobis gamo. dRes afxazeTis da

samxreT oseTis teritoriebis gareT arsebobs mxolod rusuli,

azerbaijanuli da somxuri skolebi. sxva regionaluri da umciresobaTa

enebis SenarCunebasa da ganviTarebaze mimarTuli qmedebebi xorcieldeba

mxolod kerZo asociaciebis da fondebis mier (xSirad maT ar aqvT

sakmarisi dafinanseba).

dRes saqarTveloSi yvelaze didi riskis qveS arian is enebi, a)

romlebzec laparakobs mosaxleobis yvelaze mcire raodenoba; b) ar aqvT

saxelmwifo saqarTvelos farglebis gareT, sadac es ena aris oficialuri

saxelmwifo ena. albaT, yvelaze didi safrTxe emuqreba bacbur da udinur

enebs. bacbur enaze laparakoben wova-TuSebi axmetis raionis sofel zemo

alvanSi, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. es ena miekuTvneba kavkasiuri enebis

naxur jgufs, romelSic agreTve Sedis CeCnuri da inguSuri enebi (ix.

19

cxrili 1). im faqtTan dakavSirebiT, rom wova-TuSebis umetesoba Tavs

qarTvelebad Tvlis, TviT TemSic arsebobda winaaRmdegoba bacburi enis

dacvis mimarT, imis SiSiT, rom jgufs CaTvlian araqarTvelebad. mSoblebs

ar surdad bavSvebisTvis eswavlebinad bacburi ena, da dRes mxolod

ufrosi Taoba iyenebs am enas erTmaneTTan saubrisas.10 arsebobs

mniSvnelovani safrTxe, rom Semdegi Taoba aRar ilaparakebs am enaze.

agreTve gaqroba emuqreba udinur enas, romelic aris kavkasiuri

albanuris Tanamedrove STamomavali – enis, romelsac sakuTari

damwerloba hqonda. saqarTveloSi erTaderTi sofeli, sadac cxovroben

udinebi – sofeli oqtomberi yvarlis raionSi aris erT-erTi, msoflioSi

arsebuli sami soflidan, sadac laparakoben udinur enaze (danarCeni ori

aris soflebi nij da oRuz azerbaijanSi). udinur enaze molaparake

mosaxleobas aseve emuqreba qarTulenovan mosaxleobasTan asimilacia, rac

sakuTari enis daviwyebas niSnavs.

miuxedavad imisa, rom uSualod ar emuqrebaT ganadgurebis safrTxe,

arsebobs sxva mcirericxovani lingvisturi jgufebic, romlebic aseve

SeiZleba asimilirdnen an am enebze molaparake pirTa ricxvma Seuqcevadad

Semcirdes droTa ganmavlobaSi. magaliTisTvis asiriuli Temi gamodgeba.

misi daaxloebiT meoTxedi koncentrirebulia mcxeTa-mTianeTis patara

sofel qandaSi.; magram, miuxedavad amisa, vinaidan ar arsebobs asiriul

enaze saswavlo dawesebuleba, bavSvebi dadian qarTul skolaSi, mezobel

qarTvelebTan erTad. Sedegad axalgazrdebi iviwyeben asiriuli enas. maSin,

roca ufro did TemSi arsebuli asirielebis umravlesoba laparakobs

mSobliur enaze, mxolod umciresobas SeuZlia wera sakuTari anbaniT.

asiriuli ena da damwerloba ar iswavleba skolebSi, igi mxolod Taobidan

Taobaze zepirad gadadis; da rasakvirvelia, garantia imisa, rom ena am

gziT SenarCundeba, ar arsebobs.

10 wyaro: tom trieris mier Catarebuli savele samuSaoebi, 2006 wlis ivlisi.

20

erTi SexedviT, megruls da svanurs ar emuqreba daviwyebis safrTxe,

vinaidan sakmao raodenobis adamianebi iyeneben maT. magram lazurad

molaparake Temi saqarTveloSi Zalin mcirericxovania da saWiroebs dacvas.

megruli da svanuris mcodne da maTze molaparake adamianebis ricxvmac

SeiZleba drTa ganmavlobaSi swrafad daiklos, Tu magaliTad, im

regionebs, sadac am enebze dRes aqtiurad laparakoben, globaluri

cvlilebebi Seexo. amdenad, riski arsebobs, vinaidan es enebi ar

warmoadgenen instituciuri dacvis sagans da meorec, imitom, rom

adgilobrivi mosaxleoba maT ganixilavs, rogorc “meorexarisxovan”,

“soflur” enebs, romelTa mimarT pativiscema naklebia. vinaidan mosaxleoba

tovebs svaneTis da samegrelos soflebs samuSaos Zebnis mizniT, mSoblebma

SeiZleba momavalSi aRar gaamaxvilon yuradReba maTi Svilebis mier

mSobliuri enis codnaze, CaTvlian ra mas dabrkolebadac ki

ganviTarebisTvis. qveomoT aRwerilia amgvari enebis dacvis da maTTdami

prestiJis asamaRleblad SemuSavebuli meqanizmebi.

3. dacva regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartiis II

nawilis Sesabamisad

regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartiis II nawili

warmoadgens dacvis meqanizms enebisa, romlebic gaqrobis safrTxis winaSe

dganan. am nawilSi mocemulia zogadi amocanebi da principebi, romlebic

qartiis wevrma saxelmwifoebma unda gaiTvaliswinon aRniSnuli enebis

dacvis mizniT. nawili II-Si mocemuli zogadi principi emyareba im Teziss,

rom regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi warmoadgens kulturuli

simdidris gamoxatulebas (muxli 7.1a, ix. zemoT) da am faqtis

gaTvaliswinebiT, gulisxmobs mtkice zomebis gatarebas maTi dacvis da

ganviTarebis mizniT (muxli 7.1g). amdenad, nawili II gulisxmobs ara

mxolod regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis mimarT tolerantul

damokidebulebas (muxli 7.3), aramed sazogadoebriv da pirad cxovrebaSi

maT aqtiur waxalisebas (muxli 7.1 d).

21

am principebze dayrdnobiT nawilSi II (muxli 7) mocemulia am

mimarTulebiT gasatarebeli konkretuli nabijebi: 1) uzrunvelyofa imisa,

rom qveynis teritoriul-administraciuli dayofa ar abrkolebs

regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis xelSewyobas (muxli 7.1b); 2) qveynis

sxvadasxva nawilSi mcxovreb erTidaimave lingvisturi jgufebis

warmomadgenelTa da aseve, sxvadasxva lingvisturi jgufebis

warmomadgenelTa Soris kavSirebis SenarCunebis da ganviTarebis

xelSewyoba (muxli 7.1e); 3) regionaluri da umciresobaTa enebis swavlebis

da Seswavlis xelSewyoba (muxli 7.1v) da am SesaZleblobis micema im

moqalaqeTaTvis, visTvisac regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi ar

warmoadgens mSobliurs, magram aqvT survili am enebis Seswavlisa (muxli

7.1g); 4) universitetebsa da sxva samecniero dawesebulebebSi regionalur an

umciresobaTa enebze swavlis da samecniero kvlevebis warmoebis

xelSewyoba (muxli 7.1T); 5) transnacionaluri gacvliTi programebis

ganxorcieleba im qveynebTan, romlebSic laparakoben imave regionalur an

umciresobaTa enebze (muxli 7.1i); 6) regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze

saubris SezRudvebis faqtebis aRmofxvra (muxli 7.2); da 7) uzrunvelyofa

imisa, rom regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze mosaubre jgufis

saWiroebebs da survilebs jerovani yuradReba eqceva, saukeTeso

SemTxvevaSi ki, arsebobs am jgufebis interesTa damcveli Sesabamisi

struqturebi.

saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi mniSvnelovania im rolis fsiqoligiuri

konceptualizacia, romelsac regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi

asruleben sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. mixeil saakaSvilis TaosnobiT

qveynis saTaveSi mosul axal xelisuflebas gauZnelda “samoqalaqo

integraciad” wodebuli saWiroebis gamokveTa. miuxedavad imisa, rom jer

kidev bolomde naTlad ar aris gamokveTili, Tu ras gulisxmobs liderTa

axali Taoba am terminSi, saxezea ori ZiriTadi tendencia. pirveli

gulisxmobs “demosis” konsolidacias, romelic efuZneba saerTo

Rirebulebebs da qarTuli enis saerTo codnas; meore ki mdgomareobs

22

qarTvelis, rogorc eTnikurad eqskluziuri cnebis SecvlaSi axali

yovlismomcveli koncefciiT, rac Tavis TavSi yvela erovnebis moqalaqes

aerTianebs.

regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartiis muxli 7,

romelic regionalur an umciresobaTa enebs kulturuli simdidris

gamoxatulebad aRiarebs (muxli 7.1a), xels uwyobs “kulturuli kavSirebis

ganviTarebas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparake da

saxelmwifoSi mcxovreb sxvadasxva enaze molaparake jgufebs Soris” (7.1e),

SesaZleblobas uqmnis moqalaqeebs, romelTaTvisac regionaluri an

umciresobaTa enebi ar warmoadgens mSobliurs, magram survili aqvT am

enebis swavlisa, Seiswavlon isini (7.1g) da xels uwyobs universitetebsa

da sxva samecniero dawesebulebebSi regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze

swavlas da samecniero kvlevebis warmoebas – yovelive es warmoadgens

samoqalaqo integraciis Semadgenel komponentebs. muxli 7-is

ganxorcieleba saSualebas miscems yvela moqalaqes, Camoyalibdnen

mravalenovan sazogadoebad, romlis wevroba ganisazRvreba samoqalaqo da

ara eTnikuri kriteriumiT.

muxli 7-Si mocemuli ufro konkretuli nabijebi, romelic

gulisxmobs regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis aqtiuri gamoyenebis

xelSewyobas, warmoadgens sasargeblo meqanizms gaqrobis safrTxis qveS

myofi enebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT. sakiTxis dayeneba imgvarad, rom

araqarTuli enebi skolebsa da universitetebSi ara mxolod erovnul

umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebis mier iswavlebodes (ix. muxli 7.1g)

moemsaxureba ormag mizans. pirveli: daicavda SedarebiT mcirericxovani

lingvisturi jgufebis enebs, imis uzrunvelyofiT, rom aRniSnul enebze

molaparake moqalaqeTa Svilebi ganaTlebas mSobliur enaze miiReben. meore

mxriv, da rac aseve mniSvnelovania, qarTvelebisTvis araqarTuli enebis

Seswavlis ideis propagandis gziT amaRldeba sazogadoebrvi cnobiereba im

sakiTxSi, rom es enebi ara gareSe da ucxoa, aramed garkveulwilad

23

saqarTvelos ekuTvnis da amdenad, misi memkvidreobis nawilia. am

mosazrebis ganmtkicebis erT-erTi gza iqneboda saskolo programaSi sagnis

- “saqarTvelos enebis Seswavla” Setana, rac saSualebas miscemda qarTuli

skolis yvela moswavles, Seeswavla sul mcire erTi regionaluri an

umciresobaTa ena (cxrilSi 1 CamoTvlilTagan). es midgoma gamodgeboda

agreTve dacvis meqanizmad SedarebiT mcirericxovani lingvisturi

jgufebis enebisa; msgavsi midgoma SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas

universitetebSic.

es midgoma SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas megrul, svanur da lazur

enebTan mimarTebaSi. qarTuli enis swavlebis modulSi SeiZleba Setanil

iqnas qarTuli (saqarTvelos) enebis swavleba (saqarTveloSi arsebuli

enebis nacvlad, ix. zemoT); adgilobrivi regionaluri enebis Setana

qarTul lingvistikaSi gaaRrmavebda zogadad “qarTulis” koncefts misi

mravalmxrivi arsiT da gaaneitralebda arsebul SiSs imasTan

dakavSirebiT, rom mag. megrulis an sxva adgilobrivi enebis Seswavla

safrTxes Seuqmnis qarTulenovani sazogadoebis erTianobas. amgvari

iniciativa Seesabameba qartiis preambulaSi mocemul or ZiriTad princips:

regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis dacvam da waxalisebam ziani ar unda

miayenos oficialur enebsa da maTi Seswavlis aucileblobas; da

aRniSnuli enebis dacva mniSvnelovani Senatania arsebuli

mravalferovnebis gansamtkiceblad erovnuli damoukideblobis da

teritoriuli mTlianobis farglebSi.

muxli 7 Seicavs agreTve garkveul nabijebs, romelTa ganxorcieleba

SeiZleba rTuli aRmoCndes saqarTvelos xelisuflebisTvis. upirveles

yovlisa, muxli 7.1i transnacionaluri TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb

winaaRmdegobriv xasiaTs atarebs, vinaidan SeiZleba interpretirebul iqnas,

rogorc separatizmis safrTxis Semcveli mimarTuleba. kerZod, es SiSi

ukavSirdeba samcxe-javaxeTis somxur da qvemo qarTlis azerbaijanul

mosaxleobas. samoqalaqo integraciis mimarTulebiT realuri progresis

24

ararsebobis gamo es Temebi TavianTi kulturuli kavSirebiT ufro metad

integrirebulni arian monaTesave qveynebis mosaxleobasTan da SiSi

efuZneba im mosazrebas, rom am monaTesave jgufebis sazRvrebsSorisi

TanamSromlobis kidev ufro meti xelSewyobiT qveynis SigniT integracias

SeiZleba safrTxe daemuqros. miuxedavad amisa, muxlSi 7.1 mocemuli

mosazrebis formulirebam, romelic mouwodebs “Sesabamisi

transnacionaluri gacvlebis xelSewyobisken” (xazgasma Cemia), SeiZleba

garkveuli berketi misces qartiis monawile qveyanas sakuTar qmedebebSi am

sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi. da bolos, Tu gavaanalizebT somexi da

azerbaijaneli mosaxleobis sazRvarTaSoris gacvlebTan dakavSirebul

potenciur riskebs, SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom magaliTad, SedarebiT

mcirericxovani lingvisturi jgufebis warmomadgenelTa kontaqtebi

monaTesave farTo diasporebTan Zalze sasargebloa, radgan saSualebas

iZleva ukeT iqnas Seswavlili umciresobaTa enebi da damwerlobebi da

gaRrmavdes maTi kvleva.

III. enobrivi uflebebi da samoqalaqo integracia

ganvixiloT meore ZiriTadi gamowveva, romelic saqarTvelom unda

gadaWras qartiis danergvis gzaze: rogor moxdes regionaluri an

umciresobaTa enebis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba imgvarad, rom safrTxe ar

Seeqmnas qarTuls, rogorc saxelmwifo enas an erovnul umciresobaTa

qarTul sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi integracias qarTuli enis (sxva enebis

xarjze) swavlebis aucileblobis TiTqosda erTgvari Serbilebis gamo.Aaq

igulisxmeba kompaqturad dasaxlebuli umciresobebi, romlebmac ZiriTadad

ar ician qarTuli – rogoricaa axalqalaqisa da ninowmindis somxuri

mosaxleoba (javaxeTi), qvemo qarTlis azerbaijanuli mosaxleoba da

yofili samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri respublikis osuri mosaxleoba.

winamdebare naSromSi me ar ganvixilav samxreT oseTSi qartiis SesaZlo

ganxorcielebis perspeqtivas an osuri enis dacvasTan dakavSirebul

konkretul nabijebs. ganxorcieldeba Tu ara saerTod es qartia samxreT

25

oseTSi da konkretulad rogor ganxorcieldeba igi – es mTlianad

damokidebulia arsebuli grZelvadiani konfliqtis saboloo mogvarebaze.

wina nawilSi aRwerili qartiis II nawilis miReba garkveulwilad

TavisTavad gadaWrida qarTul sazogadoebaSi erovnuli umciresobebis

integrirebis urTierTsawinaaRmdego amocanebs, daicavda da ganaviTarebda

ra amavdroulad umciresobaTa enebs. magaliTad, muxlSi 7.1.e mocemuli

mowodebis “kulturuli kavSirebis damyareba qveyanaSi mcxovreb, sxva

enebze mosaubre jgufebTan” xelSewyobisken mimarTuli nabijebi ufro

metad moaaxlovebda, da ara daabrkolebda erovnul integracias. aseve,

azerbaijanuli da somxuri enebis swavlebis ideis propaganda ara marto

umciresobaTa Soris, aramed eTnikur qarTvelebSi efuZneba im princips,

rom es enebi saqarTvelos lingvisturi memkvidreobis Semadgeneli nawilia.

amgvari midgoma xels Seuwyobda saqarTveloSi mcxovreb araTanabar

pirobebSi myofi Temebis ufro metad gaerTianebas, vidre daSorebas.

miuxedavad imisa, rom muxliT 7.1v gansazRvruli moTxovna “regionaluri an

umciresobaTa enebis Sesabamis etapebze Seswavlis da swavlebis saTanado

formebis da saSualebebis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb” SesaZloa sagangaSo

signalad aJRerdes imaTTvis, vinc erTaderT prioritetad qarTuli enis

ganviTareba-danergvis xelSewyobas miiCnevs, - is faqti, rom

pasuxismgeblobas regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis swavlebis

xelSewyobaze ara mezobeli saxelmwifoebi, aramed swored qarTuli

saxelmwifo iRebs sakuTar Tavze, - arsebuli status qvos garRvevas

aRniSnavs. sadReisod saswavlo masalebi somxur da azerbaijanul enebze

somxuri da azerbaijanuli skolebis umravlesobas baqodan da erevnidan,

da ara Tbilisidan moewodebaT. muxlis 7.1 saTanado amoqmedebis

SemTxvevaSi umciresobaTa enebis swavlebaze kontrols saqarTvelos

saxelmwifo aiRebs.

qartiis sakvanZo nawili, romelic Seexeba somxuri da azerbaijanuli

enebis xelSewyobas, esaa nawili III (muxlebi 8-14). qartiis muxlis 3.1

mixedviT, qartiis monawile TiToeulma saxelmwifom ratifikaciis

26

sakuTari instrumentis Sesabamisad, unda gansazRvros romel regionalur

da umciresobis enebs Seexeba nawili III. muxlis 3.1 mixedviT gansazRvruli

TiToeuli regionaluri an umciresobaTa enisTvis muxli 2.2 moiTxovs

minimum 35 punqts an qvepunqts muxlebidan 8-14, maT Soris, minimum 3 punqti

unda iqnas aRebuli muxlebidan 8 da 12; da minimum 1 punqti muxlebidan 9,

10, 11 da 13. miuxedavad imisa, rom Teoriulad SesaZlebelia arc erTi

regionaluri an umciresobaTa ena ar iqnas arCeuli nawili III_dan da

moxdes mxolod nawili II-is ratificireba (rogorc es moxda kviprosis

magaliTze), naklebad savaraudoa, rom eqspertTa komiteti axsnis amgvar

nabijs, rogorc Sesabamiss qartiis suliskveTebasTan, miznebTan da

principebTan; miT umetes, rom saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi aSkarad arsebobs

ramodenime ena, romelic nawili III-Si gansazRvrul dacvis sferos

ganekuTvneba. rogorc vurlingi aRniSnavs, “vinaidan qartia mouwodebs wevr

qveynebs nawili III-is aucilebeli minimumis Sesrulebas TiToeul enasTan

mimarTebaSi, uaris gancxadeba nawili III-is Sesrulebaze Zalian waagavs

SemovliTi gzis Ziebas pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan asacileblad, da amdenad

kanonis darRvevis mcdelobad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.”11

amdenad, saxelmwifom unda gadawyvitos, romel enebs irCevs nawili

III-Tan SesabamisobaSi. vurlingma gansazRvra sami ZiriTadi kriteriumi,

romlis mixedviTac unda SeirCes regionaluri an umciresobaTa ena nawil

III-Tan mimarTebaSi: 1) aRniSnul enaze unda laparakobdes adamianebis sakmao

raodenoba, 2) unda arsebobdes sul mcire erTi teritoria mainc, sadac am

enaze molaparake adamianebi kompaqturad saxloben, 3) am enaze molaparake

adamianebi aqtiurad unda iyvnen mowadinebuli, daicvan da ganaviTaron

sakuTari ena.12 am kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT naTelia, rom

saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, azerbaijanuli da somxuri enebi yvelaze metad

miesadageba nawil III-s. am or enaze sakmao raodenobis adamianebi

11 vurlingi, regionaluri da evropuli enebis evropuli qartia, kritikuli komentari, gv. 81 (Woehrling, The European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages: Critical Commentary, 81) 12 iqve, gv. 140.

27

laparakoben, da mxolod am or enaze molaparake adamianebi cxovroben

kompaqturad qveynis konkretul regionebSi.

rusuli ena aseve mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs saqarTvelos

socialur da politikur cxovrebaSi, rogorc uwin sabWoTa kavSiris

sivrceSi moqmedi ZiriTadi ena da erovnebaTSorisi komunikaciis ena

saqarTveloSi. saqarTveloSi cxovrobs daaxloebiT 83,000 adamiani,

romelTaTvisac rusuli ena mSobliuria (ix. cxr. 1) da saqarTvelos

mosaxleobis daaxloebiT naxevari kargad saubrobs rusulad, vinaidan

maTTvis rusuli meore enas warmoadgens. miuxedavad amisa, saqarTveloSi

ar arsebobs regioni, sadac rusulenovani mosaxleobis geografiuli

koncentracia iqneboda, amdenad, Znelia rusul enas mivusadagoT nawili III,

vinaidan mis garkveul punqtebSi nagulisxmevia specifiurad konkretul

teritoriebze mosaxle adamianTa jgufebi (ix. qvemoT). amasTan, rusuli

enisTvis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis miqcevam SeiZleba daakninos

azerbaijanuli da somxuri enebis dacvisken mimarTuli Zalisxmeva. amis

mizezia is, rom rusuli ena isedac araformalurad gamoiyeneba am

regionebis (qvemo qarTli da javaxeTi) adgilobriv administraciul

organoebSi, sadac zemoTaRniSnuli enebi warmoadgens mSobliurs; da

amdenad, rusuli enis ganviTarebis xelSewyobam SeiZleba daTrgunos

azerbaijanuli da somxuri enebis gamoyenebisken mimarTuli mcdelobebi.

dabolos, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis Zalisxmeva mimarTulia iqiTken, rom

qarTuli, da ara rusuli ena, gaxdes erovnebaTaSorisi komunikaciis ena; da

am WrilSi rusuli enis danergvis xelSewyobam – enisa, romelic isedac

farTod gamoyeneba erovnuli umciresobebis mier – SeiZleba im principis

sawinaaRmdegod imuSaos, romlis mixedviTac regionaluri an umciresobaTa

enebis dacva ar unda mimdinareobdes oficialuri enis (enebis) sazianod.

nawili III-s amocana mdgomareobs qartiis wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis

“saxelmZRvanelos” SeqmnaSi, romelSic mocemuli iqneba konkretuli

nabijebi, mimarTuli regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis sazogadoebriv

28

cxovrebaSi danergvis uzrunvelyofisken. muxlSi 8 mocemulia regionalur

da umciresobaTa enebze swavlis xelSewyoba “saxelmwifo enisTvis

(enebisTvis) zianis miyenebis gareSe”. muxlebi 9, 10 da 11 gulisxmobs

regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebas sasamarTlo sistemaSi,

saxelisuflo-administraciul organoebsa da masmediaSi. muxlSi 12

mocemulia zomebis nusxa, romlebic unda gatardes kulturul

saqmianobaTa sferoSi regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis

wasaxaliseblad. muxli 13 exeba ekonomikur da socialur sferoebs da

iTvaliswinebs lingvistur safuZvelze arsebuli SezRudvebis aRmofxvras

da regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis waxalisebas finansebis, biznesisa

da socialuri dacvis sferoSi. bolos, muxli 14 exeba sazRvarTaSoris

gacvlebs da moicavs ormxriv da mravalmxriv SeTanxmebaTa Sesrulebis da

sazRvarTSorisi TanamSromlobis waxalisebisken mimarTul zomebs msgavsi

lingvisturi Temebis dasaaxloeblad sazRvrebs orive mxares.

nawili III-is muxlebis umetesoba moiazrebs qveynis mTel teritorias.

amdenad, muxlis 8.1 cxrave qvepunqti, e.i. muxlis 8 aTi punqtidan cxra

gulisxmobs “teritorias, sadac gamoiyeneba aRniSnuli enebi”. aseve, muxlis

9.1 oTxive qvepunqti (muxlis 9 eqvsi punqtidan an qvepunqtidan oTxi) exeba

mxolod “im sasamarTlo olqebs, sadac mcxovrebTa raodenoba, romlebic

iyeneben regionalur an umciresobaTa enebs, amarTlebs qvemoT

gansazRvruli zomebis miRebas”. muxli 10 kidev ufro metad

dakonkretebulia, ToTxmeti punqti Tu qvepunqti mocemuli TxuTmetidan

exeba administraciul raionebs, sadac cxovrobs regionaluri an

umciresobebis enebze molaparake mosaxleobis iseTi sakmarisi raodenoba,

romelic amarTlebs qvemoT gansazRvruli zomebis miRebas” (muxlebi 10.1 da

10.2) an im teritoriis farglebSi, sadac gamoiyeneba regionaluri an

umciresobaTa enebi”. (muxli 10.3). analogiurad, muxli 11-is didi nawili

(cxra punqtidan Tu qvepunqtidan Svidi), muxli 12 (aTi punqtidan Tu

qvepunqtidan rva) da muxli 13 (cxra punqtidan Tu qvepunqtidan xuTi) exeba

“teritoriebs, sadac gamoiyeneba (Sesabamisi regionaluri an umciresobaTa)

29

enebi”. mxolod muxli 14 (ori qvepunqti) ar Seicavs punqts (qvepunqts),

romelic muxlSi gaTvaliswinebul saqmianobebs zRudavs konkretuli

teritoriis farglebSi.

zogma wevrma saxelmwifom airCia nawili III miesadagebina mxolod

mocemul regionalur an umciresobaTa enaze molaparake im jgufisTvis,

romelic saxlobs qveynis konkretul teritoriaze. ase magaliTad,

germaniam qartiis ratifikaciis instrumentSi gansazRvra, rom nawili III

gamoyenebul iqneba konkretul regionalur an umciresobaTa enebTan

mimarTebaSi, konkretul teritoriaze - länder.13 miuxedavad amisa, am midgomis

gamoyeneba marTebulia mxolod maSin, rodesac saxelmwifo asrulebs

sakuTar qvotas, Sedgenils ocdaTxumeti punqtidan an qvepunqtidan,

romlebic vrceldeba qveynis mTel teritoriaze. saqarTvelos

xelisuflebam unda gaacnobieros es piroba, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gadawyvets

miusadagos nawili III azerbaijanul da somxur enebs qveynis mTel

teritoriaze an mxolod im administraciul raionebSi, sadac mosaxleoba

aqtiurad laparakobs am enebze.

msgavsad nawili II-sa, qartiis nawili III-is gamoyenebam ar unda

SezRudos erovnul umciresobaTa qveynis socialur, ekonomikur da

politikur cxovrebaSi integrirebis procesi. piriqiT, rogorc naCvenebi

iqneba qvemoT, nawili III-is bevri muxli, faqtobrivad, xels uwyobs

integracias. imisTvis, rom TvalnaTliv davrwundeT rogor, saWiroa

gavaanalizoT TiToeuli muxli da saTiTaod ganvixiloT iseTi sferoebi,

rogoricaa ganaTleba, sasamarTlo, administraciuli organoebi, media,

kultura da sazRvarTSorisi TanamSromloba. qvemoT moyvanili analizi

cxadyofs, rom es muxlebi SeiZleba misadagebul iqnas a) martivad; b)

qarTulis, rogorc saxelmwifo enis integratiuli rolisadmi zianis

miyenebis gareSe.

13 evrosabWos generaluri mdivnisadmi gagzavnili perioduli angariSi qartiis me-15 punqtis Sesabamisad: germania

30

1. ganaTleba

qartiis muxlSi 8.1, kerZod, punqtebSi a-v, mocemulia sami ZiriTadi gza

ganaTlebis sistemaSi regionaluri da umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebis

TvalsazrisiT: pirveli gza (i) gulisxmobs monolingvistur ganaTlebas, e.i.

ganaTlebis sistemas, romelic mTlianad agebulia regionalur an

umciresobaTa enaze, meore gza (ii) gulisxmobs orenovan (bilingvistur)

ganaTlebas; xolo mesame gza (iii) gulisxmobs regionalur an umciresobaTa

enis swavlebis Setanas saswavlo programaSi. saqarTvelos SeTxvevaSi (i) da

(iii) gzebi ar gamodgeba. pirveli imitom, rom im regionebSi, sadac erovnuli

umciresobebi arian geografiulad koncentrirebuli, umciresobaTa enaze

laparakoben Sin da amdenad, (i) gza niSnavs imas, rom bavSvebs praqtikulad

aRar eqnebaT an Zalze mcired eqnebaT Sexeba oficialur enasTan.

analogiurad, (iii) gza ar aris gamosadegi, vinaidan misi gamoyeneba

nagulisxmevia im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac regionaluri an umciresobaTa ena

imdenad sustad aris ganviTarebuli, rom am enaze saganmanaTleblo

sagnebis mniSvnlovani nawilis warmodgena praqtikulad SeuZlebelia.14 im

TemebisTvis, romlebisTvisac regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi

mSobliuria, (iii) gza gamousadegaria.

orenovani ganaTleba (ii gza) sinamdvileSi yvelaze metad miesadageba

saqarTvelos regionebs, rogorcaa samcxe-javaxeTi da qvemo qarTli, sadac

erovnul umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebi kompaqturad arian gansaxlebuli.

es faqti adasturebs integraciis saWiroebas saxelmwifo enis sruli

kompetenciis safuZvelze. muxlSi 8 a-d moyvanilia orenovani ganaTlebis

sistema, sadac Sesabamisi axsna-ganmartebebi oficialur enaze

paralelurad Tan gasdevs regionalur an umciresobaTa enaze swavlebas

skolamdeli asakidan. es mimarTuleba warmoadgens garRvevas dRvandeli

situaciidan, rodesac araqarTuli skolebis moswavleebi (mag., rusuli,

14vurlingi, regionaluri da evropuli enebis evropuli qartia, kritikuli komentari, gv. 148, 151 (Woehrling, The European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages: Critical Commentary, 148, 151)

31

somxuri da azerbaijanuli skolebis moswavleebi) iReben Zalze mcire

odenobiT (an Zalze cudi xarisxiT) ganaTlebas oficialur enaze, miT

umetes, dabal klasebSi. saTanado ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, amdenad,

muxlis 8.1 mixedviT swavleba oficialur enaze gaumjobesdeba imis

uzrunvelyofis xarjze, rom oficialuri ena intensiurad Seiswavleba

sabavSvo baRSi Tu skolaSi swavlebis dawyebis pirveli dReebidanve. aman

xeli unda Seuwyos orenovnebas da integraciis process.

analogiurad, sauniversiteto ganaTlebis sistemaSi, muxlis 8.1e(ii)

saTanado misadagebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba Seiqmnas pozitiuri stimuli

integraciis mimarTulebiT. universitetebi, gansxvavebuli eTnikuri da

lingvisturi bazisis studentebis Tavmoyris Sedegad SeiZleba gaxdes

idealuri garemo imaTTvis, vinc sustad laparakobs saxelmwifo enaze –

qarTulenovan studentebTan urTierTobis Sedegad isini advilad

aimaRleben saxelmwifo enis codnis dones. gavimeorebT, rom gza muxli

8.1(i) unda gamoiricxos, vinaidan sauniversiteto ganaTlebis mxolod

eqskluziurad regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze miwodebam SeiZleba

daabrkolos samoqalaqo integeraciis procesi. miuxedavad amisa, saswavlo

modulis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze miwodeba (Cvens SemTxvevaSi,

azerbaijanul da somxur enebze) studentTa orive jgufisTvis – maTTvis,

visTvisac es enebi mSobliuria da qarTulenovani studentebisTvis (myxli

8.1.eii-sTan SesabamisobaSi) aragzis r ewinaaRmdegeba integraciis amocanas;

amasTan igi aRvivebs tolerantulobas da pativiscemas sxva enebis mimarT.

azerbaijanuli da somxuri enebis saswavlo kursebi am SemTxvevaSi unda

moewyos odnav saxecvlilad imaTTvis, vinc swavlobs am enebs, rogorc

meore mSobliurs – anu, Tu imaTTvis, visTvisac es enebi mSobliur enebs

warmoadgens, aqcenti unda gakeTdes filologiisa da literaturis

gaRrmavebul swavlebaze, zemoTaRniSnul SemTxvevaSi ki ZiriTadi fokusi

zogad leqsikasa da gramatikaze gakeTdeba. Tumca, erToblivi leqcia-

seminarebis ricxvi orive jgufis monawileobiT gaizrdeba universitetis

zrda-gafarToebasTan erTad.

32

rac Seexeba muxlis 8 sxva punqtebs, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom

saqarTvelos xelisuflebas ar gaaCnia didi kompetencia mozrdilTa

(arasauniversiteto) ganaTlebis sistemaSi, SesaZlebelia muxli 8.1v (iii)

gzis gamoyeneba, (e.i. regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis, rogorc

mozrdilTa da gangrZobiTi swavlebis sagnad SeTavazeba). muxlebis 8.1a da

8.1v danergvis saWiroebis gaTvaliswinebiT, muxli 8.1T aseve aucilebelia,

vinaidan uzrunvelyofs qartiis nawili III-iT gansazRvruli enebis efeqtur

swavlebas.

unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTveloSi garkveuli Zalisxmeva iqna

mimarTuli umciresobaTa enebze swavlebis xelSesawyobad; ilia WavWavaZis

ucxo enaTa fakultetze funqcionirebs somxuri, azerbaijanuli da

rusuli enebis seqtorebi, ZiriTadad imaTTvis, vinc araqarTul skolebSi

maswavleblad apirebs muSaobas.15 analogiurad, muxli 8.1i, romelic

mouwodebs Seiqmnas “sazedamxedvelo organo an organoebi, romlebic

pasuxismgebelni iqnebian regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis swavlebis

SemoRebisa da ganviTarebis sferoSi moRweuli progresis monitoringze da

maT mier mokvleuli Sedegebis Sesaxeb peroduli moxsenebebis Sedgenaze,

romlebic SemdgomSi sajarod gamoqveyndeba” ar Seicavs araviTar

winaaRmdegobebs da misi ganxorcieleba mxolod gazrdis gatarebuli

zomebis efeqturobas. da bolos, muxli 8..2, romelic iTvaliswinebs nawili

III-iT gansazRvruli regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis xelSewyobas

teritoriebze, sadac es enebi tradiciulad ar gamoiyeneba, SeiZleba

gamoyenebul iqnas im SeTxvevaSi, Tu “regionalur an umciresobaTa enaze

molaparake pirTa raodenoba amas amarTlebs”. iseve, rogorc zemoT, es ar

unda warmoadgendes problemas qarTuli samTavrobo struqturebisTvis.

15 sadReisod azerbaijanul seqtorze swavlobs 17 studenti; 19 eTnikuri somexi da 53 sxvadasxva erovnebis studenti swavlobs somxur da rusul seqtorebze. sul ramdenime wlis winaT umaRlesi ganaTlebis TiTqmis yvela dawesebulebaSi funqcionirebda rusuli fakultetebi, 2005 wels es fakultetebi daixura, oficialuri mizeziT, moTxovnis ararsebobis gamo.

33

amdenad, muxli 8-is 10 punqtidan SesaZlebelia saqarTvelom

daamtkicos rva an cxra punqti (Tu CavTvliT muxls 8.1v iii.), qvemo qarTlsa

da javaxeTSi mcxovrebi azerbaijanuli da somxuri Temebis

warmomadgenelTa integraciis daubkroleblad. muxli 8, saTanado

amoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi (e.i. gzebis ii SerCevisas) xels Seuwyobs orenovnebis

ganviTarebas da oficialuri enis ara dabrkolebas, aramed swavlebas

araqarTvelebisTvis adreuli asakidan. muxlSi 8 arsebobs erTaderTi

punqti, romlis amoqmedeba jerjerobiT mizanSewonilia gadaidos (muxli

8.1z) da igi exeba istoriis da kulturis swavlebas imgvarad, rogorc es

aisaxa regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze. istoriis swavleba samxreT

kavkasiaSi Zalze sakamaTo sakiTxia da xSirad gamoiyeneboda ama Tu im

erovnuli jgufis eTno-nacionalisturi miswrafebebis gasamarTleblad.

amdenad, istorikosTa Soris zogadi konsensusis miRwevamde albaT upriani

iqneba gadaidos am muxlis ratificireba, raTa ar gaRvivdes xangrZlivi

istoriuli SeuTanxmeblobebi sxvadasxva konkretul sakiTxebTan

mimarTebaSi.

2. marTlmsajulebis sistema

qartiis muxlSi 9 mocemulia RonisZiebaTa CamonaTvali (romelTagan zogi

SedarebiT mokrZalebulia), romlebic exeba regionaluri an umciresobaTa

enebis gamoyenebas sisxlis samarTlis, samoqalaqo da adminsitraciuli

samarTlis warmoebaSi. rogorc aucilebel minimums, muxli moiTxovs, rom

sasamarTlo warmoebSi monawile mxareebs im teritoriebze, sadac

gamoiyeneba regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi, mieceT TviTgamoxatulebis

saSualeba mSobliur enebze da am uflebis mosapoveblad ar dasWirdeT

damatebiTi xarjebis gaReba. es, rasakvirvelia, ar niSnavs imas, rom

oficialuri ena kargavs sasamarTlo sistemaSi gamoyenebul oficialuri

enis statuss.

34

saqarTvelos SemTxevaSi muxlSi 9 mocemuli eqvsi punqtidan xuTis –

muxli9.1a(ii), muxli9.1b(ii), muxli9.1g(ii), muxli9.1d(ii) da muxli9.3 amoqmedeba

dakaSirebulia ramodenime teqnikur problemasTan. muxlebSi 9.1a(ii),

muxli9.1b(ii), muxli9.1g(ii)) da muxli9.1d(ii) mocemuli moTxovnebi

gaTvaliswinebulia arsebuli kanonmdeblobiT. saqarTvelos konstituciis

Tanaxmad (muxli 85.2), samarTalwarmoebisas “piri, romelmac ar icis

saxelmwifo ena, uzrunvelyofili unda iyos Tarjimnis momsaxurebiT” da

konstituciiT dadgenili es punqti aseve ganmtkicebulia 1997 wlis kanoniT

“zogadi sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb” (muxli 10), romelic aseve azustebs, rom

“TargmanTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebi daifareba saxelmwifo

biujetidan”. es kanoni moicavs samarTlis, samoqalaqo da administraciul

samarTalwarmoebas. Tumca, muxlSi 9 mocemul Sesabamis punqtebs aseve exeba

saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis muxli 73.4-is Sesworebebi

(miRebulia 1999 wels, ZalaSi Sevida 2000 wels), romelic, moiTxova ra, rom

“im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ganacxadi an dainteresebuli mxaris mier

[administraciuli samarTalwarmoebisTvis] warmodgenili sxva dokumenti ar

aris Sesrulebuli saxelmwifo enaze, mxarem unda warmoadginos misi

notarialuri wesiT damowmebuli Targmani”, faqtobrivad, gulisxmobs, rom

administraciul samarTalwarmoebaSi Targmanze pasuximsmgebloba da

xarjebi ekisreba regionalur an umciresobaTa enaze molaparake pirs. ufro

metic, konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebuli muxli 85.2, romelic gulisxmobs

imas, rom “pirebi, romlebmac ar ician saxelmwifo ena, samarTalwarmoebisas

uzrunvelyofili iqnebian Tarjimnis momsaxurebiT”, kidev ufro

gaRrmavebulia qartiis muxliT 9, romlic Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo saqmis

warmoebaSi monawile mxareebma SeiZleba gamoiyenon Sesabamisi regionaluri

an umciresobaTa ena im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu am mxareebma ician saxelmwifo

ena.

muxli 9.3, romelic iTvaliswinebs iuridiuli dokumentebis somxur da

azerbaijanul enebze Targmnis uzrunvelyofas, aseve ar aris problematuri.

qarTuli kanonmdeblobis codnis donis amaRleba qvemo qarTlsa da samcxe-

35

javaxeTSi kompaqturad dasaxlebul azerbaijanul da somxur Temebs Soris

mxolod gazrdida saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi am Temebis

warmomadgenelTa monawileobis xarisxs. marTlac, es ukanaskneli

warmoadgens kidec rigi qarTuli arasamaTavrobo organizaciebis mizans da

erovnul umciresobaTa kompaqturi dasaxlebis adgilebSi am mizniT

saerTaSoriso donorebic muSaoben.

muxlSi 9 mxolod muxli 9.2 SeiZleba iyos ramdenadme

winaaRmdegobrivi, vinaidan gulisxmobs regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze

Sedgenili iuridiuli dokumentebis legalizacias. am punqtma SeiZleba

gamoiwvios oponireba qarTuli samTavrobo struqturebis mxridan, im

mizeziT, rom SeiZleba safrTxe Seeqmnas qarTuls, rogorc oficialur

saxelmwifo enas.

3. saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebi

muxlis 10 ganxorcielebisas, romelic sajaro samsaxurSi regionalur an

umciresobaTa enis gamoyenebas Seexeba, arsebobs ori SesaZlo midgoma.

ufro metad ambiciuri midgoma iqneboda nawili III-iT gansazRvruli

enebisTvis erTgvari kvazi-oficialuri statusis miniWeba im geografiuli

regionebis administraciul organoebSi, sadac es enebi farTod gamoiyeneba.

saqarTveloSi es gza Zalze Tamam midgomad CaiTvleboda im mizeziT, rom

daknindeboda saxelmwifo enis roli. Tumca, muxlis 10 qvepunqtebi ar

moiTxovs amgvar midgomas; es punqtebi gulisxmobs imas, rom regionaluri

an umciresobaTa enebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas adgilobriv

xelisuflebasa da sazogadoebas Soris urTierTobisas. rogorc vurlingi

aRniSnavs, Cven unda ganvasxvavoT adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebsa

da sazogadoebas Soris gare urTierTobebisas da adgilobrivi

administraciis organoebs Soris Sida urTierTobebisas gamoyenebuli ena.

momdevno gansxvaveba unda dadgindes adgilobrivi xelisuflebis

36

warmomadgenlobiT da aRmasrulebel organoebs Soris.16 muxlis 10

gamoyenebis SedarebiT SezRuduli varianti iqneboda: a) regionaluri an

umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebis ufleba adgilobrivi xelisuflebis

organoebsa da sazogadoebas Soris gare urTierTobebisas, magram ara

aucileblad - adgilobrivi administraciis organoebs Soris Sida

urTierTobebisas; da b) am enebis gamoyenebis ufleba adgilobrivi

xelisuflebis warmomadgenlobiT organoebSi, magram ara aucileblad –

aRmasrulebel organoebSi. Eamgvari midgoma arc erT SemTxvevaSi ar

daakninebs saxelmwifo enas da SeiZleba warmatebiT iqnas gamoyenebuli

saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, qarTuli enis adgilobrivi xelisuflebis

organoebSi gamoyenebisTvis zianis miyenebis gareSe.

saqarTvelo advilad Seasrulebs yvela pirobas zemoTaRniSnuli,

ufro metad SezRuduli midgomis gamoyenebiT, rac gulisxmobs muxli 10-is

TxuTmeti punqtidan cxra punqtis Sesrulebas, kerZod, 10.1a ii., 10.1b, 10.2b,

10.2d, 10.2z, 10.2z, 10.3, 10.4 da 10.5. aq yvelaze metad sayurdReboa muxlebi 10.1

da 10.2 (a-v), romlebic exeba adgilobrivi administraciis organoebSi

urTierTobaTa enas da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebsa da

sazogadoebas Soris urTierTobebisas gamoyenebul enas. aq muxlebi 10.2g da

10.2e ar gamodgeba saqarTvelosTvis, vinaidan aq adgilobriv

TviTmmarTvelobaSi arsebobs arCeuli warmomadgenlebisgan

dakompleqtebuli mxolod erTi Sre.17 muxlSi 10.2 arsebuli es gansxvaveba

“regionalur” da “adgilobriv” struqturebs Soris amdenad ar gamodgeba

saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi (ix. danarTi 1). damatebiT am muxlebTan,

saqarTvelom SeiZleba ganaxorcielos muxli 10.2z (gulisxmobs

geografiuli dasaxelebebis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze

gamoyenebis uflebas) da muxli 10.5 (gvarebis regionalur an umciresobaTa

enebze gamoyenebis uflebas), vinaidan es nabijebi Seesatyviseba qartiis

muxls 11, romelic saqarTvelom ukve daamtkica. saqarTvelom aseve

16 vurlingi, regionaluri da evropuli enebis evropuli qartia, kritikuli komentari, gv. 183 17 iqve, gv. 186.

37

SeiZleba gamoiyenos qartiis muxli 10.3 (qvepunqti g), romelic saSualebas

aZlevs regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparake pirebs Seitanon

gancxadi amave enebze im teritoriebze, sadac es enebi farTod gamoiyeneba;

da muxli 10.4 (qvepunqti a, b. da g), romelic gulisxmobs (orenovani)

personalis daniSvnas adgilobriv administraciul organoebSi

regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis codniT.

rasakvirvelia, qartiis suliskveTebasTan SesabamisobaSi,

saqarTvelos xelisuflebam unda gadadgas aqtiuri nabijebi aRniSnuli

RonisZiebebis saTanadod ganxorcielebisTvis. sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis

TvalsazrisiT aRniSnuli qvepunqtebis miReba moiTxovs Sesworebis Setanas

saqarTvelos organuli kanonis “adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb”

muxlSi 10 (miRebulia 2005 w)., romlis Tanaxmad, “adgilobrivi

xelisuflebis organoebis samuSao enas da saqmis warmoebis ena

warmoadgens saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ena”. SesworebaSi unda aisaxos

Sesabamisi gamonaklisi warmomadgenlobiT organoebTan mimarTebaSi. metic,

muxlis 10.4 ganxorcieleba moiTxovs saqarTvelos xelisuflebisgan,

aqtiuri roli Seasrulos adgilobrivi administraciuli organoebis

kompetenturi orenovani personaliT dakompleqtebaSi, xelisuflebis

adgilobriv organoebsa da sazogadoebas Soris kavSirisa da Tarjimnebis

uzrunvelyofis mizniT. rogorc winamdebare werilis avtorma wina

werilSi aRniSna, aRniSnuli waaxalisebs orenovan ganaTlebas TemebSi,

romelTa warmomadgenlebma ar icodnen da arc iyvnen daiteresebulni

saxelmwifo enis SeswavliT. aseve, Seiqmneba orenovani profesionalebis

rezervi uwin marginalizebul eTnikur umciresobebSi.18 yovelive es ki,

sabolood, ki ar daabrkolebs, aramed gaaRrmavebs erovnuli integraciis

process.

18 ix. jonatan uitli, “umciresobaTa enebis statusi saqarTveloSi da sxva evropul qveynebSi arsebuli modelebis Sesabamisoba”, erovnul umciresobaTa evropuli centri, samuSao dokumenti #26, 2006 wlis marti - Jonathan Wheatley, “The Status of Minority Languages in Georgia and the Relevance of Models from Other European States”, ECMI Working Paper #26 (March 2006). www.ecmi.de/download/working_paper_26.pdf.

http://www.ecmi.de/download/working_paper_26.pdf

38

4. mediis saSualebebi

saqarTvelos xelisuflebam ukve gamoxata masmediaSi regionaluri an

umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebis survili. saqarTvelos kulturis

saministro afinansebs gazeTebs umciresobaTa enebze, rogoricaa

somxurenovani vrastan, azerbaijanulenovani gurjistan da rusulenovani

svobodnaia gruzia. ufro metic, saqarTvelos kanonSi “mauwyeblobis

Sesaxeb” 2008 wlis martSi Setanili Sesworebebis Tanaxmad, sazogadoebrivi

mauwyeblis daaxloebiT 25% unda daixarjos yofili samxreT oseTis

avtonomiur olqTan da afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikasTan

dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis irgvliv programebis momzadebaze, da aseve

programebis mauwyeblobaze umciresobaTa enebze.” es mimarTuleba

dadasturebulia agreTve saqarTvelos mier axlaxans miRebul

“Semwynareblobisa da samoqalaqo integraciis erovnul koncefciaSi”

(damtkicda saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier 2009 wlis 29 aprils).19 2005

wlidan saqarTvelos televiziis pirveli arxi mauwyeblobs sainformacio

programas moambe afxazur, osur, somxur, azerbaijanul da rusul enebze

kviraSi erTxel, 30 wuTis ganmavlobaSi (gansxvavebul enaze yoveldRe,

plius mokle sainformacio programa rusul enaze yoveldRiurad). aseve

gadaicema radio gadacemebi dRis ganmavlobaSi zemoTaRniSnul enebze,

aseve kurmanji (qurTul enaze). damatebiT, ukanasknel wlebSi eTerSi gadis

rigi programebisa umciresobaTa sakiTxebze, maT Soris Toq-Sou italiuri

ezo, Sou Cveni saqarTvelo da dokumenturi filmebis seria eTnikur

umciresobebze (multieTnikuri saqarTvelo).

unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos xelisuflebam mxari dauWira

agreTve 2005 wels telekompania alania TV-s Seqmnas, romlis mizani iyo

19 tolerantulobis da samoqalaqo integraciis nacionaluri koncefcia, damtkicda saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier 2009 wlis 29 aprils.

39

informaciis gavrceleba rusul unaze samxreT oseTis separatistuli

regionis mosaxleobisTvis. alania TV dRemde mauwyeblobs.20

erovnuli koncefciis miRebasTan da zemoTaRniSnul sakanonmdeblo

cvlilebebTan Sesabamisad, SemuSavebulia umciresobaTa enebze

mauwyeblobis wilis mniSvnelovani gazrdis gegmebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom

saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mxridan sazogadoebriv mauwyeblobaSi

regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis CarTvis survili aSkaraa, dRemde am

mimarTulebiT gadadgmuli konkretuli nabijebi arcTu ise bevria. sabWoTa

periodidan tradiciulad centraluri xelisuflebis dafinansebis qveS

arsebuli, umciresobaTa enebze gamocemuli gazeTebis dafinanseba bolo

wlebSi Semcirda.21 rac Seexeba saxelmwifo televizias, misi Senatani

regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis ganviTarebaSi arcTu imdenad

sagrZnobia; kerZod, moambis eTerSi gasvlis dro (15.00) Sorsaa praim-

Taimidan da vinaidan informacia erT enaze kviraSi mxolod erTxel gadis,

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom misi moculoba Zalze mwiria. da bolos, alania

TV-s daaarseba sakamaTo sagania, vinaidan damkvidrebuli mosazrebiT, igi

miznad isaxavda ara marto osuri enis ganviTarebis xelSewyobas, aramed

emsaxureboda separatistuli reJimis sawinaaRmdego propagandas.

nebismieri gadadgmuli nabijiT saqarTvelos xelisufleba

adasturebs, rom, faqtobirvad, ar ewinaaRmdegeba RonisZiebebs, romlebic

emsaxureba masmediaSi regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis ufro farTo

danergvas. metic, qartiis muxli 11 gulisxmobs kidev ufro meti stimulis

micemas saqarTvelos xelisuflebisTvis, gaagrZelos wamowyebuli

iniciativebi da waaxalisos sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli kidev ufro

gaaRrmavos mcdelobebi am mimarTulebiT. kidev erTxel, saxelmwifos ar

20 moli korso, “satelevizio mauwyebloba saqarTveloSi misteriulia da badebs kiTxvebs”, evrazia insaiti, 2006 wlis 22 maisi (Moly Corso, ‘Television Station in Georgia Operates Mysteriously, Generates Controversy’ (Eurasia Insight, 22 May 2006) http://www.eurasianet.org/departiments/insight/articles/eav052206a.shtml21 mag., eTnikurad somexi parlamentaris van baiburTis informaciiT (2006 wlis 27 ianvari), 2005 wels gazeTis vrastan dafinansebam Seadgina 15.000 lari, maSin rodesac, Cveulebriv, gazeTis dafinanseba Seadgenda 20.000 lars. http://www.media.ge/eng/news_detailed.php?id_numb=366

http://www.eurasianet.org/departiments/insight/articles/eav052206a.shtml

http://www.media.ge/eng/news_detailed.php?id_numb=366

40

sWirdeba regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze mauwyebeli tele da radio

arxebis daarseba, sakmarisia is faqti, rom igi mxars uWers arsebul

iniciativebs, miT umetes, rom mxardaWera ar gamoixateba mxolod sityvebsa

da cariel JestebSi.Uukve gadadgmul nabijebTan SesabamisobaSi,

saqarTvelos xelisuflebas SeuZlia imuSaos imis uzruvelyofaze, rom

“teleradiomauwyeblebma warmoadginon programebi regionalur an

umciresobaTa enebze” (muxli 11.1aiii), “waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon

radioprogramebis mauwyeblobas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze

regularul safuZvelze” (muxli11.1b ii), “waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon

satelevizio programebis mauwyeblobas regionalur an umciresobaTa

enebze regularul safuZvelze; (muxli 11.1g ii), ‘waaxalison da/an xeli

Seuwyon regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze audio da audiovizualuri

naSromebis warmoebas da distribucias;” (muxli 11d), da “waaxalison da/an

xeli Seuwyon sagazeTo statiebis gamoqveynebas regionalur an

umciresobaTa enebze regularul safuZvelze” (muxli 11e ii). muxlebi 11v da

11z, Seesabameba ra saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier ganxorcielebul

iniciativebs, gulisxmobs mniSvnelovan finansur daxmarebas, risi gaRebac

SeiZleba rTuli aRmoCndes saxelmwifosTvis dRevandel rTul viTarebaSi.

Tu ar CavTvliT am punqtebs, saqarTvelom unda daamtkicos muxlis 11.1

Svidi punqtidan xuTi mainc.

rac Seexeba muxls 11.2 radio da telemauwyeblobis da beWduri

mediasaSuualebebis miRebis uzrunvelofis Sesaxeb transsasazRvro

konteqstSi, es piroba azerbaijanul da somxur umciresobebTan

mimarTebaSi dakmayofilebulia. samcxe-javaxeTsa da qvemo qarTlSi

mcxovrebi mosaxleoba iRebs radio da teleprogramebs baqodan da

erevnidan. maSin rodesac es situacia zogierTis azriT (qarTuli mxridan)

aixsneba rogorc erovnul umciresobaTa qarTul sazogadoebaSi

integrirebis Semaferxebeli tendencia, mediis da kulturis sferoSi

politikis SemuSavebaze pasuxismgebelma pirebma ki ar unda SezRudon

erovnul umciresobaTa mier msgavsi mauwyeblobis miReba, aramed, amis

41

sapirispirod, moizidon da daaintereson isini qarTuli mauwyeblobiT –

rogorc saxelmwifo enis swavlebis, aseve (sadac aucilebelia) qarTuli

telegadacemebis Sesabamis umciresobaTa enebze sinqronuli Targmanis

uzrunvelyofiT.

da bolos, muxli 11.3, romelic exeba regionalur an umciresobaTa

enebze molaparakeTa interesebis warmodgenas mediis Tavisuflebisa da

pluralizmis uzrunvelyofaze pasuxismgebel saxelmwifo organoebSi – am

muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnis mokle droSi dakmayofileba

SeiZleba problematuri aRmoCndes, vinaidan amgvari organoebis Seqmnaze

saubari naadrevia jer Tavad qarTulenovan mediasTan mimarTebaSi.

saqarTveloSi Tavisufali da damoukidebeli mediis ganviTarebis

istoria sul raRac aT wels iTvlis. amdenad, saxelmwifo struqturebis

mxridan jer kidev arsebobs saredaqcio politikaSi Carevis da, amdenad,

mediis Tavisuflebis ara xelSewyobis, aramed SezRudvis tendencia. manam,

sanam es mdgomareoba normalizdeba naklebad savaraudoa, zemoTaRniSnulma

nabijma raime Sedegi moitanos. jerjerobiT, saqarTvelom SeiZleba

daakmayofilos muxli 11-is cxra punqtidan eqvsi.

5. kultura

sabWoTa kavSiris dros arsebobda mTeli rigi kulturuli

organizaciebisa, romlebic warmoadgendnen saqarTveloSi mcxovreb

sxvadasxva erovnul umciresobaTa enebs da kulturebs. amdenad, arsebobs

regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze mimdinare kulturul saqmianobaTa

mxardaWeris precedenti. mTavari problema aq isaa, rom sabWoTa kavSiris

daSlisa da misi Tanamdevi ekonomikuri krizisis Sedegad umravlesoba

aRniSnuli organizaciebisa an daiSala, an funqionaluroba dakarga

dafinansebis ararsebobis gamo. naTelia, rom saxelmwifo dafinansebis

ararsebobisas/SezRudvisas prioritetulad kulturul saqmianobaTa

42

finansuri mxardaWera naklebad savaraudoa. amdenad, finansuri problemis

garda, principulad, saqarTvelos saxelisuflo organoebis mxridan raime

sxva saxis winaaRmdegobas adgili ar aqvs qartiis muxli 12-is mTxovnebTan

mimarTebaSi.

faqtobrivad, qarTuli saxelmwifo struqturebis mxridan arsebobs

myari mizezebi, raTa SesaZleblobaTa farglebSi moxdes kulturis sferos

mxardaWera rogorc qarTul, aseve azerbaijanul da somxur enebze.

upirveles yovlisa, aqcenti keTdeba kulturul saqmianobaTa xelSewyobaze,

romlebic ar aris dakavSirebuli did finansur danaxarjebTan. mxolod

muxli 12.1T moixseniebs finansur sakiTxs da principSi, am qvepunqtiT

gaTvaliswinebul saqmianobaTa dafinanseba SeiZleba gadaidos ekonomikuri

mdgomareobis gaumjobesebamde. meore mxriv, muxli 12-is zogi punqti

Seicavs zomebs, romlebic pirdapir emsaxureba samoqalaqo intgraciis

miznebs. kerZod, muxli 12.1b da g, rac gulisxmobs saTargmano, dublirebis,

post-sinqronizaciisa da subtitrirebis saqmianobisaTvis daxmarebis

gawevas qarTulenovani mosaxleobisTvis azerbaijanul da somxur enebze

Seqmnili naSromebisadmi xelmisawvdomobisa da aseve, qarTuli filmebisa

da literaturis azerbaijanul da somxurenovani mosaxleobisTvis

xelmisawvdomobis mizniT – daexmareba mosaxleobis umravlesobisa da

umciresobaTa Temebis daaxloebas. metic, ganxorcieleba muxlSi 12.1e

aRwerili zomebisa, romelTa gatareba mizanSewonilia im mizniT, rom

kulturul saqmianobaTa ganmaxorcielebel saxelwifo organoebSi

muSaobdes Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enaze molaparake

personali, xels Seuwyobs orenovnebis ganviTarebas da droTa

ganmavlobaSi, saxelmwifoSi orenovani inteligenciis Camoyalibebas,

romelmac SeiZleba Seasrulos qarTul da umciresobaTa kulturebs Soris

damakavSirebeli xidis roli. amdenad, muxli 12-Si moyvanili zomebis

Sesrulebam SeiZleba integratiuli roli iTamaSos qarTul

sazogadoebaSi. SezRuduli finansuri resursebiTac ki saqarTvelos

SeuZlia muxli 12-Si moyvanili yvela punqtis Sesruleba, garda 12.1T

qvepunqtisa (e.i. Sesrulebas eqvemdebareba aTi punqtidan cxra).

43

6. ekonomikuri saqmianobebi

rogorc vurlingi aRniSnavs, muxli 13, romelic exeba regionalur an

umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebas ekonomikur da socialur saqmianobebSi,

emsaxureba or ZiriTad mizans: pirveli – SezRudvebis aRmofxvra

regionalur an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT socialur

da ekonomikur sferoebSi, da meore – im saqmianobaTa mxardaWera, romlebic

waaxalisebs regionalur an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebas am sferoebSi22.

saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi pirveli miznis miRweva ufro advilia, vidre

meoresi. amis mizezia is, rom sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdgom

saxelmwifos gavlena saqarTvelos ekonomikaze ufro metad formaluria,

vidre oficialuri da amdenad, saxelmwifos rolis institucionalizacia

ekonomikur cxovrebaSi jer adreul etapebs iTvlis. amdenad, sadReisod,

ekonomikuri saqmianobebis ganmaxorcielebeli instituciebis Sida

regulirebis Sesacvlelad muxlebiT 13.1b, 13.1g, 13.1d, 13.2a and 13.2b

gansazRvruli konkretuli zomebis SemoReba naklebad moitans Sedegs.

muxli 13.2e, romelic emsaxureba informaciis gavrcelebas regionalur an

umciresobaTa enebze momxmarebelTa uflebebis sferoSi, savaraudod, aseve

arapraqtikulia, zogadad “momxmarebelTa uflebebis” cnebis irgvliv

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis naklebad gacnobierebulobis gamo. SedarebiT

advilad Sesasrulebeli moTxovnebi mocemulia muxlSi 13.1a, romelic

iTvaliswinebs imgvari kanonmdeblobis gauqmebas, romelic krZalavs an

zRudavs regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebas dokumentebSi,

romlebic exeba ekonomikur an socialur cxovrebas; muxli 13.2.g, romelic

iTvaliswinebs regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebis

uzrunvelyofas socialuri dacvis dawesebulebebSi, rogoricaa

saavadmyofoebi; da muxli 13.2.d, romelic iTvaliswinebs, rom usafrTxoebis

instruqciebi Sedgenil iqnas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze im

22 vurlingi, regionaluri da evropuli enebis evropuli qartia, kritikuli komentari, gv. 224 -

Woehrling, The European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages: A Critical Commentary, 224.

44

teritoriebze, sadac es enebi farTod gamoiyeneba. amdenad, saqarTvelos

SeuZlia Seasrulos muxli 13-is cxra punqtidan sami.

7. sazRvarTSorisi gacvlebi

saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriidan gamomdinare, kerZod ki, samxreT

oseTsa da afxazeTSi 1990 wlebis samoqalaqo omebiT gamowveulma

saqarTvelos iurisdiqciis dakargvam sazRvarTSorisi gacvlebis sakiTxi

metad problematuri gaxada. es sakiTxi aseve arsebiTia samcxe-javaxeTisa

da qvemo qarTlis azerbaijanul da somxurenovan mosaxleobasTan

mimarTebaSi, romlebic esazRvrebian sakuTar monaTesave saxelmwifoebs. am

Temebis geografiuli ganTavseba, iredentizmis SiSTan erTad niSnavs, rom

saqarTvelos xelisufleba Tavs Seikavebs sazRvarTSorisi gacvlebis

xelSwyobisken mimarTuli zomebis gatarebisgan - erTi mxridan

saqarTveloSi mcxovreb azerbaijanul da somxurenovan lingvistur

umciresobebsa da meore mxridan, azerbaijansa da somxeTSi mcxovreb

azerbaijanul da somxur enebze molaparake mosaxleobas Soris. Tanac,

unda aRiniSnos, rom amgvari gacvlebi mainc iwarmoeba da swored es badebs

SiSs, rom es umciresobebi ufro ukeT arian integrirebuli TavianT

monaTesave qveynebis socialur da kulturul cxovrebaSi, vidre

saqarTvelos socialur da kulturul cxovrebaSi. amdenad, am etapze

aRniSnuli zomebis gatareba CaiTvleba integraciis sawinaaRmdegod

mimarTul qmedebad. amasTan, arsebuli kavSirebis sixSiris

gaTvaliswinebiT, amgvari zomebis gatareba zedmetic kia. amdenad, naklebad

savaraudoa, rom saqarTvelo sakuTar Tavze aiRebs muxlSi 14 moyvanili

punqtebis Sesrulebas.

8. nawili III-is gamoyenebis Sejameba

am nawilSi me gamovavline, Tu rogorc SeiZleba saqarTvelom miusadagos

regionalur an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartiis nawili III

45

azerbaijanuli da somxuri enebis dacvas, samoqalaqo integraciisa da

‘demosis’ konsolidaciis ideebisadmi zianis miyenebis gareSe, rac efuZneba

saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi yvela moqalaqis, da ara erTi erovnebiT

gansazRvruli Temis - sazogadoebriv gaerTianebas. piriqiT, nawili III-is

ganxorcielebis Sedegad SeiZleba xeli Seewyos integraciis processs

orenovani ganaTlebis SemoRebiT adreuli asakidan, da orenovani

inteligenciis CamoyalibebiT – romelsac Seadgenen dasaqmebuli

maswavleblebi, mTargmnelebi da sazogadoebasTan urTierTobebze

pasuxismgebeli pirebi. amgvari nabijebi, imedia, erTmaneTTan daaaxlovebs

saqarTveloSi mcxovreb gansxvavebul lingvistur Temebs. daskvnis saxiT

minda avRniSno, rom saqarTvelom SeiZleba miiRos qartiis nawili III-is 42

punqti, rac 7 punqtiT aRemateba aucilebel minimums - 35 punqts. esenia:

muxlebi 8.1a (ii), 8.1b (ii), 8.1g (ii), 8.1d (ii), 8.1e (ii), 8.1T, 8.1i, 8.2, 9.1a (ii), 9.1b (ii), 9.1g

(ii), 9.1d, 9.3, 10.1a (ii)., 10.1b, 10.2b, 10.2d, 10.2v, 10.2z, 10.3, 10.4a, 10.4b, 10.4g, 10.5, 11.1a

(iii), 11.1b (ii), 11.1g (ii), 11d, 11e (i), 11.2, 12.1a, 12.1b, 12.1g, 12.1d, 12.1e, 12.1v 12.1z, 12.2,

12.3, 13.1a, 13.2g and 13.2d. es saSualebas miscems saqarTvelos xelisuflebas

gadawyvitos, Tu ramdeni punqtis miReba surs sabolood, gansakuTrebiT ki

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom azerbaijanul da somxur enebTan mimarTebaSi

SesaZloa gansxvavebuli modulebis ratificireba, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu

xelisufleba da Sesabamisi lingvisturi jgufebis warmomadgenlebi

eTanxmebian gansxvavebul mdgomareobas aRniSnul or enasTan mimarTebaSi.

IV. daskvna

winadebare naSromSi me gamovavline, Tu rogor Seuwyobs xels

regionalur an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartia ara mxolod gaqrobis

winaSe mdgari, yvelaze mcirericxovan umciresobaTa enebis dacvas, aramed

moaxdens saqarTveloSi SedarebiT farTod gamoyenebadi - azerbaijanuli

da somxuri enebis institucionalizacias samoqalaqo integraciis saboloo

miznisTvis zianis miyenebis gareSe.

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bevr qveyanaSi, romlebmac ukve moaxdines qartiis ratificireba,

oficialur enaze (enebze) laparakobs praqtikulad yvela moqalaqe.

saqarTveloSi ki, saxelmwifo enis arasakmarisma codnam daabrkola

erovnul umciresobaTa integracia da gamoiwvia SiSi, rom “Cven, eri” cnebis

matarebeli cnobierebis naklebobam SeiZleba Seaferxos

saxelmwifoebriobis Camoyalibeba. saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, amdenad,

regionalur an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartia gulmodgined unda

iqnas gaanalizebuli, raTa maqsimaluri dakvirvebis da zedmiwevniTi

analizis Sedegad sworad SeirCes qartiis nawili III-is Semadgeneli

punqtebi imisTvis, raTa gatarebuli zomebis Sedegad erovnuli

umciresobebis warmomadgenlebma ar dakargon qarTuli enis Seswavlis

survili. rogorc wina nawilSi vaCvene, punqtebi SeiZleba SeirCes imgvarad,

raTa ki ar Seferxdes, aramed xeli Seewyos samoqalaqo integracias da

saxelmwifo enis swavlebas imaTTvis, visTvisac qarTuli ena ar

warmoadgens mSobliurs.

fundamenturi gamowveva saqarTvelosTvis, qartiis ratificirebamde

periodSi, atarebs ufro metad fsiqologiur, vidre teqnikur xasiaTs.

qartiis filosofia efuZneba im mosazrebas, rom regionaluri an

umciresobaTa enebi warmoadgens konkretuli qveynis erovnuli

memkvidreobis nawils; rac ayalibebs qveynis moqalaqeobis swored

samoqalaqo da ara eTnikuri niSniT gansazRvrul koncefcias, romlis

damkvidrebac iseT qveynebSi, rogoricaa saqarTvelo, sadac eTnikuri

nacionalizmi istoriulad mZlavr mamoZravebel Zalas warmoadgenda -

rTulia. gamowveva saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da qarTuli

sazogadoebisTvis mdgomareobs im faqtis safuZvlianad gaazrebasa da

gulwrfelad gacnobierebaSi, rom regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi

warmoadgens kulturuli simdidris, da ara eTnikuri qarTvelebis

interesebisadmi mimarTuli safrTxis gamoxatulebas.

47

danarTi 1: evropuli qartia regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis

Sesaxeb

strasburgi, 2. X. 1992 preambula qvemore xelmomweri evropis sabWos wevri saxelmwifoebi, iTvaliswineben ra, rom evropis sabWos mizania mis wevrebs Soris ufro didi erTianobis miRweva, kerZod, im idealebisa da principebis dacvisa da realizaciis mizniT, romlebic warmoadgenen maT saerTo memkvidreobas; iTvaliswineben ra, rom evropis istoriuli regionaluri Tu umciresobaTa enebis dacva, romelTaganac zogierTs saboloo gaqroba emuqreba, xels uwyobs evropis kulturuli simdidrisa da tradiciebis SenarCunebasa da ganviTarebas; iTvaliswineben ra, rom pirad da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi regionaluri an umciresobis enis gamoyeneba warmoadgens xelSeuxebel uflebas, romelic Seesabameba samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb gaerTianebuli erebis saerTaSoriso paqtiT gaTvaliswinebul principebs da aseve, evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebebaTa dacvis konvenciis suliskveTebas; mxedvelobaSi iRben ra euTos mier Sesrulebul samuSaos, kerZod ki 1957 wlis helsinkis daskvniT aqtsa da 1990 wlis kopenhagenis Sexvedris dokuments; xazs usvamen ra kulturuli urTierTobebisa da mravalenovnebis Rirebulebas da iTvaliswineben ra imas, rom regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis dacvam da waxalisebam ziani ar unda miayenos oficialur enebsa da maTi Seswavlis aucileblobas; acnobiereben ra, rom evropis sxvadasxva qveynebsa da regionebSi regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis dacva da maTTvis xelis Sewyoba warmoadgens mniSvnelovan wvlils demkratiisa da kulturuli mravalferovnebis principebze dafuZnebuli evropis mSeneblobisaTvis, erovnuli suverenitetisa da teritoriuli mTlianobis \ farglebSi; mxedvelobaSi iReben ra specifikur pirobebsa da istoriul tradiciebs evropuli saxelmwifoebis sxvadasxva regionebSi, SeTanxmdnen Semdegze: nawili I muxli 1 – gansazRvrebebi am qartiis miznebisaTvis: a) "regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi" niSnavs enebs, romlebic: i. tradiciulad gamoiyenebian saxelmwifos Sesabamis teritoriaze am saxelmwifos moqalaqeebis mier, romlebic ricxobrivad ufro patara jgufs warmoadgenen, vidre am saxelmwifos danarCeni mosaxleoba; da ii. gansxvavdebian saxelmwifos oficialuri enisagan (enebisagan); igi ar moicavs saxelmwifos oficialuri enis dialeqtebsa da arc migrantebis enebs;

48

b) "teritoria, romelzedac gamoiyeneba regionaluri an umciresobis ena" niSnavs geografiul raions, sadac aRniSnuli ena gamoxatvis saSualebas warmoadgens im raodenobis xalxisaTvis, rom am qartiiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxvadasxva damcavi da xelSemwyobi zomebis miReba gamarTlebuli iyos; g) "ara-teritoriuli enebi" niSnavs saxelmwifos moqalaqeebis mier gamoyenebul enebs, romlebic gansxvavdebian saxelmwifos danarCeni mosaxleobis mier gamoyenebuli enis an enebisagan, magram romlebic, Tumca tradiciulad gamoiyenebian saxelmwifos teritoriaze, ver gaigivdebian romelime konkretul raionTan. muxli 2 – valdebulebani 1. TiToeuli mxare valdebulebas iRebs gamoiyenos II nawilis debulebebi mis teritoriaze gamoyenebuli yvela regionuli an umciresobis enis mimarT, romelic akmayofilebs 1-l muxlSi mocemul gansazRvrebas. 2. TiToeuli mxare valdebulebas iRebs, me-3 muxlis Tanaxmad ratifikaciis, miRebis an damtkicebis dros gansazRvruli TiToeuli enis mimarT gamoiyenos qartiis III nawilidan SerCeuli aranakleb ocdaTxuTmeti punqti an qve-punqti, romelTa Soris arCeuli unda iyos me-8 da me-12 muxlebidan aranakleb sam-sami punqti da me-9, me-10, me-11 da me-13 muxlebis TiTo punqti mainc. muxli 3 - praqtikuli RonisZiebebi 1. TiToeuli xelSemkvreli mxare saratifikacio, miRebis an damtkicebis sigelSigansazRvravs TiToeul regionalur an umciresobis enas an oficialur enas, romelic mTels mis teritoriaze an teritoriis nawilSi naklebad aris gamoyenebuli da romelTa mimarTac moxdeba me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad SerCeuli punqtebis gamoyeneba. 2. nebismier mxares, mogvianebiT nebismier dros SeuZlia Seatyobinos generalur mdivans, rom igi iRebs qartiis nebismieri punqtis debulebebidan gamomdinare valdebulebebs, romlebic ar arian gansazRvrulni saratifikacio, miRebis an damtkicebis sigelSi, an igi gamoiyenebs winamdebare muxlis 1-l punqts sxva regionalur an umciresobaTa an sxva oficialuri enebis mimarT, romlebic naklebad gamoiyenebian mis mTels teritoriaze an teritoriis nawilSi. 3. wina punqtiT gansazRvruli valdebulebebi ganixileba ratifikaciis, miRebis an mowonebis Semadgenel nawilad da aqvs igive iuridiuli Zala Setyobinebis gagzavnis TariRidan. muxli 4 - dacvis arsebuli reJimebi 1. araferi, gaTvaliswinebuli am qartiiT, SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebuli iqnas imgvarad, rom izRudebodes, an irRveodes adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciiT uzrunvelyofili romelime ufleba. 2. am qartiis debulebebi zegavlenas ar moaxdenen ufro xelsayrel debulebebze, romlebic exebian regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis statuss an umciresobebisadmi kuTvnili pirebis samarTlebriv reJims, romelic SeiZleba arsebobdes xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoSi an uzrunvelyofili iyos Sesabamisi ormxrivi an mravalmxrivi saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebiT.

49

muxli 5 - arsebuli valdebulebani araferi, gaTvaliswinebuli am qartiiT, SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebuli iqnas imgvarad, rom iZleodes raime saqmianobaSi CarTvis an raime saqmianobis ganxorcielebis uflebas, rac winaaRmdegobaSi iqneba gaerTianebuli erebis qartiis miznebTan an saerTaSoriso samarTliT dadgenil sxva valdebulebebTan, saxelmwifoTa suverenitetisa da teritoriuli mTlianobis principis CaTvliT. muxli 6 – informacia mxareebi valdebulebas iReben zedamxedveloba gauwion, rom Sesabamisi xelisuflebis organoebi, organizaciebi da pirebi informirebulni iyvnen am qartiiT dadgenili uflebebisa da movaleobebis Sesaxeb. nawili II me-2 muxlis 1-li punqtis Sesabamisad gansaxorcielebeli miznebi da principebi muxli 7 - miznebi da principebi 1. regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis mimarT, im teritoriebze, romlebzedac aseT enebs iyeneben da TiToeuli enis mdgomareobis Sesabamisad, mxareebi TavianTpolitikas, kanonmdeblobasa da praqtikul saqmianobas aageben Semdeg miznebsa da principebze dayrdnobiT: a) regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis aRiareba kulturuli simdidris gamoxatulebad; b) TiToeuli regionaluri an umciresobis enis geografiuli arealis pativiscema imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom arsebuli an axali administraciuli dayofa dabrkolebas ar warmoadgendes Sesabamisi regionaluri an umciresobis enis xelSewyobisaTvis; g) regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis xelSesawyobad gadamWreli moqmedebis aucileblobis aRiareba, maTi dacvis mizniT; d) zepiri da werilobiTi formiT, sajarod da pirad cxovrebaSi regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebis xelSewyoba da/an waxaliseba; e) qartiiT mocul sferoebSi regionul an umciresobaTa enebze molaparake jgufebsa da saxelmwifoSi imave an msgavs enaze molaparake jgufebs Soris kavSiris SenarCuneba da ganviTareba, iseve, rogorc kulturuli urTierTobebis damyareba saxelmwifoSi sxva jgufebTan, romlebic iyeneben gansxvavebul enebs; v) Sesabamisi formebisa da saSualebebis uzrunvelyofa yvela Sesabamis safexurze regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis swavlebisa da SeswavlisaTvis; z) regionaluri an umciresobis enis Sesaswavlad pirobebis Seqmna im raionSi mocxovrebi pirebisaTvis, sadac gamoiyeneba Sesabamisi ena, Tuki Sesabamisi pirebi ver saubroben am enaze da aqvT misi Seswavlis survili; T) universitetebsa an analogiur institutebSi regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis Seswavlisa da gamokvlevis xelSewyoba; i) am qartiiT mocul sferoebSi transnacionaluri gacvlebis Sesabamisi formebis xelSewyoba, im regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis xelSesawyobad, romlebic identuri an msgavsi formiT gamoiyenebian or an met saxelmwifoSi. 2. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben aRkveTon, Tu jer ar aRukveTavT, regionalur da umciresobaTa enebis mimarT nebismieri gaumarTlebeli gamorCeva,

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gamoricxva, SezRudva an upiratesobis miniWeba, romelic miznad isaxavs am enebis dacvisa da ganviTarebisaTvis xelis SeSlas an safrTxeSi Cagdebas. regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis sasargeblod specialuri zomebis miReba, romlebic miznad isaxaven am enebze molaparakeTa da danarCen mosaxleobas Soris Tanasworobis xelSewyobas an romlebic saTanadod iReben mxedvelobaSi am enebis gansakuTrebul pirobebs, ar CaiTvleba diskriminaciis aqtad ufro gavrcelebul enebze molaparakeTa mimarT. 3. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben Sesabamisi RonisZiebebiT xeli Seuwyon urTierTgagebas qveynis yvela lingvistur jgufs Soris da kerZod, TavianT qveynebSi uzrunvelyofili ganaTlebisa da profesiuli momzadebis miznebs Soris CarTon regionaluri da umciresobaTa enebis mimarT pativiscema, gageba da tolerantuli damokidebuleba da aseve waaxalison masmedia imave miznebis dasaxvisaTvis. 4. regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis mimarT erovnuli politikis gansazRvrisas, mxareebi mxedvelobaSi miiReben am enebze molaparake jgufebis saWiroebebsa da maT mier gamoTqmul survilebs. waxalisdeba maT mier, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, iseTi organoebis Seqmna, romlebic, xelisuflebis organoebs rCevebs miscemen regionalur an umciresobaTa enebTan dakavSirebul yvela sakiTxze. 5. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben arateritoriuli enebis mimarT mutatis mutandis gamoiyenon, zemo 1 - 4 punqtebSi mocemuli principebi. amasTan, am enebTan mimarTebaSi, winamdebare qartiis asamoqmedeblad misaRebi zomebis xasiaTi da masStabi ganisazRvreba moqnili wesiT, aRniSnul enebze molaparake jgufebis saWiroebebisa da survilebis gaTvaliswinebiTa da maTi tradiciebisa da specifikuri Taviseburebebis pativiscemiT. nawili III me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtiT aRebuli valdebulebebis Sesabamisad regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis xelSewyobis zomebi muxli 8 – ganaTleba 1. ganaTlebis sferoSi mxareebi valdebulebas iReben im teritoriebze, sadac aseTi enebi gamoiyeneba, am enaTagan TiToeulis mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT da saxelmwifo enis (enebis) swavlebisaTvis zianis miyenebis gareSe: a) i. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon skolamdeli ganaTleba Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; ii. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon skolamdeli ganaTlebis arsebiTi nawili Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an iii. gamoiyenon zemo i da ii qve-punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebi im moswavleTa mimarT mainc, romelTa ojaxebic iTxoven amas da romelTa raodenobac sakmarisad CaiTvleba; an iv. Tu saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebs ara aqvT pirdapiri kompetencia skolamdeli ganaTlebis sferoSi, xeli Seuwyon da waaxalison i-dan iii-mde qve-punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebis gamoyeneba; b)

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i. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon dawyebiTi ganaTleba Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; ii. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon dawyebiTi ganaTlebis arsebiTi nawili Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an iii. uzrunvelyon Sesabamisi regionaluri an umciresobis enis dawyebiTi ganaTlebis programaSi CarTva mecadineobaTa ganrigis Semadgenel nawilad; an iv. gamoiyenon i-dan iii-mde qve-punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebidan erT-erTi im moswavleTa mimarT mainc, romelTa ojaxebic iTxoven amas da romelTa raodenobac sakmarisad CaiTvleba; g) i. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon saSualo ganaTleba Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; ii. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon saSualo ganaTlebis arsebiTi nawili Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an iii. uzrunvelyon Sesabamisi regionaluri an umciresobis enis saSualo ganaTlebis programaSi CarTva mecadineobaTa ganrigis Semadgenel nawilad; an iv. gamoiyenon zemo i-dan iii-mde qve-punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebidan erT-erTi im moswavleTa mimarT mainc, romlebic, an saTanado SemTxvevebSi, romelTa ojaxebic iTxoven amas da romelTa raodenobac sakmarisad CaiTvleba. d) i. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon teqnikuri da profesiuli ganaTleba Sesabamis regonalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an ii. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon teqnikuri da profesiuli ganaTlebis arsebiTi nawili Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an iii. teqnikuri da profesiuli ganaTlebis sferoSi uzrunvelyon, rom Sesabamisi regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis swavleba iyos mecadineobaTa ganrigis Semadgeneli nawili; an iv. gamoiyenon zemo i-dan iii-mde qve-punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebidan erT-erTi im moswavleTa mimarT mainc, romlebic, an saTanado SemTxvevebSi, romelTa ojaxebic iTxoven amas da romelTa raodenobac sakmarisad CaiTvleba. e) i. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon sauniversiteto da sxva saxis umaRlesi ganaTleba Sesabamis regionalur Tu umciresobaTa enebze; an ii. uzrunvelyon saSualebebi am enebis Sesaswavlad universitetis an umaRlesi ganaTlebis erT-erTi sagnis formiT; iii. Tuki umaRlesi ganaTlebis institutebis mimarT saxelmwifos rolis mizeziT ver moxerxdeba i da ii qve-punqtebis ganxorcieleba, waaxalison da/an neba darTon regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze sauniversiteto da sxva formis umaRlesi ganaTlebis miRebis an am enebis sauniversiteto an umaRlesi ganaTlebis sagnebad swavlebis SesaZlebobebis uzrunvelyofas; v) i. miiRon zomebi mozrdilTaTvis da ganaTlebis gagrZelebisaTvis kursebis Casatareblad, romlebSic swavleba mTlianad an nawilobriv ganxorcieldeba regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; ii. uzrunvelyon, rom aseTi enebi iyos mozrdilTa da gangrZobiTi ganaTlebis sagnebi, an;

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iii. Tu xelisuflebis organoebs pirdapiri kompetencia ara aqvT mozrdilTa ganaTlebis sferoSi, xeli Seuwyon da waaxalison, rom aseTi enebi warmoadgendnen mozrdilTa da gangrZobiTi ganaTlebis disciplinebs. z) miiRon zomebi, rom uzrunvelyofili iqnas im istoriisa da kulturis swavleba, romelic asaxulia regionalur an umciresobis enaSi; T) uzrunvelyon maswavlebelTa ZiriTadi da Semdgomi profesiuli momzadeba, rac moiTxoveba im punqtebis gansaxorcieleblad, romlebic miRebulni arian mxaris mier a-dan g-mde punqtebs Soris. i) Seqmnan sazedamxedvelo organo an organoebi, romlebic pasuxismgebelni iqnebian regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis swavlebis SemoRebisa da ganviTarebis sferoSi moRweuli progresis monitoringze da maT mier mokvleuli Sedegebis Sesaxeb peroduli moxsenebebis Sedgenaze, romlebic SemdgomSi sajarod gamoqveyndebian. 2. rac Seexeba ganaTlebas im teritoriebze, sadac tradiciulad ar gamoiyenebian regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben neba darTon, waaxalison an uzrunvelyon regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze an am enebis swavleba ganaTlebis yvela Sesabamis safexurze, Tu regionalur an umciresobis enaze molaparakeTa raodenoba amas amarTlebs. muxli 9 - sasamarTlo organoebi 1. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, im sasamarTlo olqebis mimarT, sadac mcxovrebTa raodenoba, romlebic iyeneben regionalur an umciresobaTa enebs, amarTlebs qvemoT gansazRvruli zomebis miRebas am enaTagan TiToeulis mdgomareobis Sesabamisad da im pirobiT, rom winamdebare punqtiT uzrunvelyofili SeRavaTebi mosamarTlis mier ar unda ganixilebodes iseTebad, romlebic abrkoleben marTlmsajulebis saTanadod ganxorcielebas: a) sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi: i. uzrunvelyon, rom sasamarTloebi erT-erTi mxaris TxovniT axorcielebdnen samarTalwarmoebas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; da/an ii. braldebulisaTvis uzrunvelyon misi regionaluri an umciresobis enis gamoyenebis ufleba; da/an iii. uzrunvelyon, rom werilobiTi Tu zepiri Txovnebi da mtkicebulebebi ar ganixilebodnen miuReblad mxolod im safuZvelze, rom isini formulirebulni arian regionalur an umciresobaTa enaze; da/an iv. Txovnis safuZvelze awarmoon samarTalwarmoebasTan dakavSirebuli dokumentebi Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, TarjimanTa da mTargmnelTa gamoyenebiT Sesabamis pirebze zedmeti xarjebis dakisrebis gareSe; b) samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebaSi: i. uzrunvelyon, rom sasamarTloebi erT-erTi mxaris TxovniT axorcielebdnen samarTalwarmoebas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; da/an ii. neba darTon, rom samarTalwarmoebis monawilis sasamarTloSi piradad gamocxadebisas, mas SeeZlos misi regionaluri an umciresobis enis gamoyeneba misTvis damatebiTi xarjebis dakisrebis gareSe; da/an iii. neba darTon, rom moxdes dokumentebisa da mtkicebulebebis warmoeba regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi TarjimanTa da mTargmnelTa gamoyenebiT; g) administraciul sakiTxebze samarTalwarmoebaSi:

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i. uzrunvelyon, rom sasamarTloebma erT-erTi mxaris TxovniT ganaxorcielon samarTalwarmoeba regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; da/an ii. neba darTon, rom samarTalwarmoebis monawilis sasamarTloSi piradad gamocxadebisas mas SeeZlos misi regionaluri an umciresobis enis gamoyeneba misTvis damatebiTi xarjebis dakisrebis gareSe; da/an iii. neba darTon, rom moxdes dokumentebisa da mtkicebulebebis warmoeba regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, TarjimanTa da mTargmnelTa gamoyenebiT; d) gadadgan nabijebi, raTa uzrunvelyon, rom zemo a da b punqtebis i da iii qvepunqtebisa da TarjimanTa da mTargmnelTa nebismier aucilebel gamoyenebas Sedegad ar mohyves damatebiTi xarjebis dakisreba Sesabamis pirebze. 2. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben: a) ar uaryon saxelmwifoSi momzadebul sasamarTlo dokumentTa iuridiuli Zala mxolod imis gamo, rom, isini Sedgenilni arian regionalur an umciresobis enaze; an b) mxareebma TavianT Soris urTierTobebSi ar uaryon momzadebul sasamarTlo dokumentTa iuridiuli Zala mxolod imis gamo, rom isini Sedgenilni arian regionalur an umciresobis enaze da uzrunvelyon, rom maTi gamoyeneba SesaZlebeli iyos mesame mxareTa winaaRmdeg, romlebic ar iyeneben am enebs, im pirobiT, rom dokumentebis Sinaarsi unda gaecnoT maT im pirebis mier, romlebic moixmoben am dokuments; an g) mxareebma TavianT Soris urTierTobebSi ar uaryon qveyanaSi momzadebul sasamarTlo dokumentTa iuridiuli Zala, mxolod im safuZvelze, rom isini Sedgenilni arian regionalur an umciresobis enaze. 3. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben xelmisawvdomi gaxadon regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze yvelaze mniSvnelovani erovnuli sakanonmdeblo teqstebi da kerZod, isini, romlebic exebian am enebze molaparakeebs, Tuki am teqstebis mier sxva ram ar aris dadgenili. muxli 10 - xelisuflebis administraciuli organoebi da saxelmwifo samsaxurebi 1. saxelmwifos im administraciul raionebSi, sadac cxovrobs regionaluri an umciresobebis enebze molaparake mosaxleobis iseTi sakmarisi raodenoba, romelic amarTlebs qvemoT gansazRvruli zomebis miRebas, da TiToeuli enis mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, im zomiT, riTac es obieqturad SesaZlebeli iqneba: a) i. uzrunvelyon, rom xelisuflebis administraciulma erTeulebma gamoiyenon regionaluri an umciresobebis enebi; an ii. uzrunvelyon, rom am organoTa moxeleebma, romlebic kontaqtSi Sedian sazogadoebasTan, gamoiyenon regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi im pirebTan urTierTobebSi, romlebic mimarTaven maT am enebze; an iii. uzrunvelyon, rom regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeebs SeZloT werilobiTi an zepiri mimarTvebis wardgena da am enebze Sedgenili pasuxebis miReba; iv. uzrunvelyon, rom regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeebs SeeZloT am enebze Sedgenili werilobiTi an zepiri mimarTvebis wardgena; an v. uzrunvelyon, rom regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeebs SeeZloT am enebze Sedgenili dokumentis wardgena dadgenili wesiT;

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b) xelmisawvdomi gaxadon farTod gamoyenebuli administraciuli teqstebi da formebi regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze an orenovani versiebiT; g) neba darTon xelisuflebis administraciul organoebs Seadginon dokumentebi regionalur an umciresobis enaze. 2. xelisuflebis im adgilobriv da regionalur organoTa mimarT, romelTa teritoriazec mosaxleobis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeTa raodenoba iseTia, rom amarTlebs qvemoT gansazRvruli zomebis miRebas, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben neba darTon da/an waaxalison: a) regionalur an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyeneba xelisuflebis regionaluri an adgilobrivi organoebis saqmianobis farglebSi; b) regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeTa SesaZlebloba waradginon am enebze Sedgenili zepiri an werilobiTi mimarTvebi; g) xelisuflebis regionaluri organoebis mier maTi oficialuri dokumentebis gamoqveyneba Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebzec; d) xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebis mier maTi oficialuri dokumentebis gamoqveyneba Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebzec; e) xelisuflebis regionaluri organoebis mier maT Sekrebebze gamarTuli ganxilvebisas regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyeneba, amasTan, saxelmwifos oficialuri enis (enebis) gamoyenebis gamoricxvis gareSe; v) xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebis mier maT Sekrebebze gamarTuli ganxilvebisas regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyeneba, amasTan, saxelmwifos oficialuri enis (enebis) gamoyenebis gamoricxvis gareSe; z) aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, oficialur enaze (enebze) saxelebTan erTad regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze adgilebis saxelwodebaTa tradiciuli da swori formebis gamoyeneba da miReba. 3. xelisuflebis administraciuli organoebis an maTi saxeliT moqmedi pirebis mier uzrunvelyofili saxelmwifo samsaxurebis mimarT, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, maTi teritoriis farglebSi, sadac gamoiyenebian regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi, TiToeuli enis mdgomareobis Sesabamisad da im zomiT, riTac es obieqturad SesaZlebeli iqneba: a) uzrunvelyon regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyeneba samsaxuris uzrunvelyofisas; an b) neba darTon regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeebs waradginon Txovna da miiRon pasuxi am enebze; an g) neba darTon regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeebs waradginon am enebze Sedgenili Txovna. 4. 1-li, me-2 da me-3 punqtebidan maT mier miRebuli debulebebis asamoqmedeblad mxareebi valdebulebas iReben miiRon Semdegi erTi an meti zoma: a) gadaTargmna an Tarjimnoba, rodesac es moiTxoveba; b) saTanado moxeleTa dasaqmeba saxelmwifo samsaxurSi da aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, maTi da sxva saxelmwifo moxeleTa profesiuli momzadeba; g) regionaluri an umciresobis enis mcodne saxelmwifo samsaxuris moxeleTa Txovnebis maqsimalurad dakmayofileba maTi im teritoriaze daniSvnasTan dakavSirebiT, sadac gamoiyeneba Sesabamisi ena. 5. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben neba darTon gvarebis gamoyenebasa da miRebas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze, Sesabamisi pirebis Txovnis safuZvelze. muxli 11 – masmedia 1. mxarebi valdebulebas iReben regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeebisaTvis, im teritoriebze, sadac gamoiyeneba es enebi, TiToeuli

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enis mdgomareobis Sesabamisad da im zomiT, riTac xelisuflebis organoebi pirdapir an arapirdapir kompetenturni arian da aqvT am sferoSi rolis Sesrulebis uflebamosileba, masmediis damoukideblobisa da avtonomiis principis pativiscemiT: a) im zomiT, riTac radio da televizia axorcieleben saxelmwifo samsaxuris funqciebs: i. uzrunvelyon Tundac erTi radio sadgurisa da satelevizio arxis Seqmna regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an ii. waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon Tundac erTi radio sadgurisa da erTi satelevizio arxis Seqmnas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an iii. saTanadod uzrunvelyon, rom tele-radio mauwyeblobam warmoadginos programebi regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; b) i. waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon Tundac erTi radio sadgurisa da erTi satelevizio arxis Seqmnas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an ii. waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon radio programebis mauwyeblobas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze regularul safuZvelze; g) i. waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon Tundac erTi sarelevizio arxis Seqmnas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; ii. waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon satelevizio programebis mauwyeblobas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze regularul safuZvelze; d) waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze audio daaudiovizualuri naSromebis warmoebas da distribucias; e) i. waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze Tundac erTi gazeTis Seqmnas da/an SenarCunebas; an ii. waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon sagazeTo statiebis gamoqveynebas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze regularul safuZvelze; v) i. dafaron im masmediis damatebiTi xarjebi, romlebic iyeneben regionalur an umciresobaTa enebs, rodesac kanoniT zogadad uzrunvelyofilia masmediis finansuri daxmareba; an ii. gamoiyenon finansuri daxmarebis arsebuli zomebi regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze Seqmnili audiovizualuri nawarmoebebis mimarTac. z) mxari dauWiron im JurnalistTa da masmediis sxva moxeleTa profesiul momzadebas, romlebic iyeneben regionalur an umciresobaTa enebs. 2. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben uzrunvelyon mezobeli qveynebidan im enaze radio da telemauwyeblobis pirdapiri miRebis Tavisufleba, romelic gamoiyeneba regionaluri an umciresobis enis identuri an msgavsi formiT da ar daabrkolon radio da satelevizio mauwyeblobis gadmocema mezobeli qveynebidan aseT enaze. amas garda, isini valdebulebas iReben uzrunvelyon, rom SezRudvebi ar iqnas dawesebuli gamoxatvis Tavisuflebaze da beWdviTi presis meSveobiT informaciis Tavisufal cirkulaciaze im enaze, romelic gamoiyeneba regionaluri an umciresobis enis identuri am msgavsi formiT. Zemoxsenebuli Tavisuflebebis ganxorcieleba, imis gamo, rom igi Seicavs movaleobebsa da pasuxismgeblobas, SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros iseT formalobebs, pirobebs, SezRudvebs an sanqciebs, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulni arian kanoniT da aucilebelni arian demokratiul sazogadoebaSi erovnuli uSiSroebis, teritoriuli mTlianobis an sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis interesebidan gamomdinare uwesrigobis an danaSaulis prevenciisaTvis, janmrTelobisa da moralis da sxvaTa

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uflebebisa da reputaciis dacvisaTvis, konfidencialurad miRebuli informciis gamJRavnebis Tavidan asacileblad, an sasamarTlos xelisuflebisa da miukerZoeblobis SesanarCuneblad. 3. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben uzrunvelyon, rom regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeTa interesebi warmodgenilni iqnan an mxedvelobaSi iqnan miRebulni im organoebis mier, romlebic SeiZleba Seiqmnan kanonis Sesabamisad masmediis Tavisuflebisa da pluralizmis uzrunvelsayofad. muxli 12 - kulturuli saqmianoba da saSualebebi 1. kulturuli saqmianobisa da obieqtebis, gansakuTrebiT, biblioTekebis, videoTekebis, kulturuli centrebis, muzeumebis, arqivebis, akademiebis, Teatrebisa da kinoTeatrebis, iseve rogorc literaturuli nawarmoebebisa da kinomatografiuli produqciis, xalxuri Semoqmedebis, festivalebisa da kulturis dargebis mimarT, romlebic, inter alia, moicaven axali teqnologiebis gamoyenebas, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, rom im teritoriebze sadac gamoiyenebian aseTi enebi da im zomiT, riTac saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebikompetenturni arian da aqvT uflebamosileba an asruleben rols am sferoSi: a) waaxalison regionaluri an umciresobis enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli TviTgamoxatvis saSualebebi da iniciativebi da mxari dauWiron am enebze Seqmnili nawarmoebebisadmi xelmisawvdomebis sxvadasxva saSualebebs; b) waaxalison regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze Seqmnili naSromebisadmi xelmisawvdomoba sxva enebSi saTargmano, dublirebis, post-sinqronizaciisa da subtitrirebis saqmianobisaTvis daxmarebis gawevis gziT; g) waaxalison sxva enebze Seqmnili nawarmoebebisadmi xelmisawvdomoba regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze mTargmnelobiTi, dublirebis, post-sinqronizaciisa da subtitrirebis saqmianobisaTvis daxmarebis gawevis gziT; d) uzrunvelyon, rom sxvadasxva saxis kulturuli saqmianobis organizaciisa da mxardaWerisaTvis pasuxismgebelma organoebma daaweson Sesabamisi anazRaureba regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebisa da kulturis codnisa da gamoyenebisaTvis im RonisZiebebSi, romlebsac isini wamoiwyeben an romlebisTvisac isini uzrunvelyofen mxardaWeras; e) xeli Seuwyon im zomebs, romlebic miznad isaxaven rom, kulturuli saqmianobis organizaciisa da mxardaWerisaTvis pasuxismgebel organoebs hyavdeT iseTi personali, romelic srulad flobs Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobis enas, iseve rogorc, mosaxleobis danarCeni nawilis enas (enebs); v) waaxalison regionaluri an umcireobis enaze molaparakeTa warmomadgenlis monawileoba kulturuli saqmianobisaTvis saSualebebis uzrunvelyofaSi da maT dagegmvaSi; z) waaxalison da/an mxari dauWiron iseTi organos an organoebis Seqmnas, romlebic pasuxismgebelni iqnebian regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze Seqmnili nawarmoebebis Sekrebaze, aslis Senaxvasa da warmodgenaze an gamoqveynebaze; T) aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, Seqmnan da/an xeli Seuwyon da daafinanson mTargmnelobiTi da terminologiis kvleviTi samsaxurebi, kerZod im mizniT, rom SenarCunebuli iqnas da ganviTardes Sesabamisi administraciuli, komerciuli, ekonomikuri, socialuri, teqnikuri an samarTlebrivi terminologia TiToeul regionalur an umciresobis enaSi. 2. im teritoriebis mimarT, imaT garda, sadac tradiciulad gamoiyenebian regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi, Tuki regionalur an umciresobis enaze

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molaparakeTa raodenoba amas amarTlebs, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben neba darTon, waaxalison da/an uzrunvelyon Sesabamisi kulturuli saqmianoba da saSualebebi wina punqtis Sesabamisad. 3. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben kulturis sferoSi maTi politikis sazRvargareT ganxorcielebisas, saTando yuradReba miaqcion regionalur da umciresobaTa enebs da im kulturas, romlis gamoxatulebac isini arian. muxli 13 - ekonomikuri da socialuri cxovreba 1. ekonomikuri da socialuri saqmianobis mimarT, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, mTeli qveynis masStabiT: a) aRmofxvran maTi kanonmdeblobidan nebismieri debuleba, romelic gasamarTlebeli mizezebis gareSe krZalavs an zRudavs regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebas dokumentebSi, romlebic exebian ekonomikur an socialur cxovrebas, kerZod SromiT kontraqtebs, da aseve, teqnikur dokumentebSi, iseTebSi rogoricaa produqtebis an aRWurvilobis gamoyenebis instruqciebi; b) akrZalon kompaniaTa Sida regulaciebsa da kerZo dokumentebSi iseTi debulebebis CarTva, romlebic gamoricxaven an zRudaven regionalur an umciresobebis enaTa gamoyenebas, sul mcire am enaze molaparakeebs Soris; g) ar dauSvan iseTi praqtika, romelic miznad isaxavs regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebis Seferxebas ekonomikur an socialur saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT; d) xeli Seuwyon da/an waaxalison regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyeneba sxva saSualebebiT, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulni ar arian zemo qve-punqtebiT. 2. ekonomikuri da socialuri saqmianobis mimarT, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, im zomiT, riTac saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebi kompetenturni arian, im teritoriebze, sadac gamoiyenebian regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi da imdenad, ramdenadac es obieqturad mizanSewonilia: a) CarTon maT safinanso da sabanko regulaciebSi debulebebi, romlebic komerciul praqtikasTan SesabamisobaSi myofi procedurebis saSualebiT, darTaven nebas regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebas gadaxdis orderebis (Cekebi, veqselebi) an sxva finansuri dokumentebis SedgenaSi, an Sesabamis SemTxvevebSi, uzrunvelyon aseTi debulebebis ganxorcieleba; b) maTi kontrolis (saxelmwifo seqtoris) qveS myof ekonomikur da socialur seqtorSi organizeba gauwion iseT saqmianobas, romelic miznad isaxavs regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebis waxalisebas; g) uzrunvelyon, rom socialuri sferos obieqtebs, iseTebs rogorebicaa saavadmyofoebi, moxucebulTa saxlebi, TavSesafrebi, SeeZloT regionalur an umciresobis enaze molaparake im pirebis miReba da maTTan urTierToba amave enaze, romlebsac esaWiroebaT movla avadmyofobis, asakis an sxva mizezebis gamo; d) Sesabamisi saSualebebiT uzrunvelyon, rom usafrTxoebis instruqciebi Sedgenili iyos regionalur an umciresobaTa enebzec; e) uzrunvelyon, rom momxmarebelTa uflebebze saxelmwifos kompetenturi xelisuflebis organoebis mier mowodebuli informacia xelmisawvdomi iyos regionalur da umciresobaTa enebze.

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muxli 14 - sazRvarTSorisi gacvlebi mxareebi valdebulebas iReben: a) gamoiyenon arsebuli ormxrivi da mravalmxrivi SeTanxmebebi, romlebic maT akavSirebT im saxelmwifoebTan, sadac igive ena gamoiyeneba identuri an msgavsi formiT, an aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, ecadon dadon aseTi SeTanxmebebi, imgvarad, rom waaxalison kontaqtebi erTsa da imave enaze molaparakeTa Soris Sesabamis saxelmwifoebSi kulturis, ganaTlebis, informaciis, profesiuli momzadebisa da Seuwyveteli ganaTlebis sferoebSi; b) regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis sasargeblod xeli Seuwyon da/an waaxalison transsasazRvro TanamSromloba, kerZod, xelisuflebis regionalur an adgilobriv organoebs Soris, romelTa teritoriebzec erTi da igive ena gamoiyeneba identuri an msgavsi formiT. nawili IV qartiis gamoyeneba muxli 15 - perioduli moxsenebebi 1. mxareebi evropis sabWos generalur mdivans ministrTa komitetis mier gansazRvruli formiT warudgenen moxsenebas am qartiis II nawilis Sesabamisad maT mier gatarebuli politikis da III nawilis maT mier miRebul debulebaTa Sesabamisad ganxorcielebuli zomebis Sesaxeb. pirveli moxsenebis wardgena moxdeba Sesabamisi mxaris mimarT am qartiis ZalaSi Sesvlidan erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, xolo Semdegi moxsenebebis wardgena moxdeba samwliani intervalebiT pirveli moxsenebis Semdeg. 2. mxareebi gamoaqveyneben Tavian moxsenebebs. muxli 16 - moxsenebebis ganxilva 1. evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnisaTvis me-15 muxlis Sesabamisad wardgenili moxsenebebis Semowmeba moxdeba me-17 muxlis Sesabamisad Seqmnili eqspertTa komitetis mier. 2. xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoSi kanonierad Seqmnil organoebsa da asociaciebs SeuZliaT miapyron eqspertTa komitetis yuradReba im sakiTxebze, romlebic exebian mxaris mier am qartiis III nawilis Sesabamisad aRebul valdebulebebs. Sesabamis mxaresTan konsultaciebis gamarTvis Semdeg, eqspertTa komitets SeuZlia mxedvelobaSi miiRos informacia qvemo me-3 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli moxsenebis momzadebisas. am organoebs an asociaciebs SeuZliaT SemdgomSic warmoadginon gancxadebebi mxaris mier II Tavis Sesabamisad gatarebuli politikis Sesaxeb. 3. 1-l punqtSi gansazRvruli moxsenebebisa da me-2 punqtSi moxseniebuli informaciis safuZvelze, eqspertTa komiteti moamzadebs moxsenebas ministrTa komitetisaTvis warsadgenad. 4. me-3 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli moxseneba, kerZod, Seicavs eqspertTa komitetis winadadebebs ministrTa komitetis mimarT am ukanasknelis mier Sesabamisi erTi an meti mxaris mimarT sitauaciiT moTxovnili rekomendaciebis momzadebis Taobaze. 5. evropis sabWos generaluri mdivani yovel or weliwadSi gaakeTebs detalur moxsenebas saparlamento asambleaze am qartiis gamoyenebis Taobaze.

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muxli 17 - eqspertTa komiteti 1. eqspertTa komiteti Sedgeba TiToeuli mxaris TiTo warmomadgenlisagan, romlebsac niSnavs ministrTa komiteti Sesabamisi mxaris mier wardgenili umaRlesi moraluri Tvisebebisa da qartiiT mocul sakiTxebSi aRiarebuli kompetenciis mqone pirTagan Semdgari siidan. 2. komitetis wevrebi iniSnebian eqvsi wlis vadiT da SesaZlebeli iqneba maTi xelaxali daniSvna. wevri, romelic ver SeZlebs samsaxuris vadis gasrulebas, Seicvleba 1-li punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli proceduris Sesabamisad da Semcvleli wevri imsaxurebs mis mier Secvlili wevris uflebamosilebis vadis amowurvamde. 3. eqspertTa komiteti miiRebs Tavis reglaments. misi samdivnoTi momsaxureba uzrunvelyofili iqneba evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnis mier. nawili V daskvniTi debulebebi muxli 18 es qartia Riaa xelmosawerad evropis sabWos wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis. igi eqvemdebareba ratificirebas, miRebas an damtkicebas. saratifikacio, miRebis an damtkicebis sigelebis deponireba xdeba evropis sabWos generalur mdivanTan. muxli 19 1. es qartia ZalaSi Sedis im Tvis pirvel dRes, romelic mosdevs samTviani vadis amowurvas TariRidan, rodesac evropis sabWos xuTi wevri saxelmwifo me-18 muxlis debulebebis Sesabamisad gamoTqvams Tavis Tanxmobas iyos valdebuli qartiiT. 2. nebismieri sxva wevri saxelmwifos mimarT, romelic SemdgomSi gamoTqvams Tavis Tanxmobas iyos valdebuli misiT, qartia ZalaSi Sedis im Tvis pirvel dRes, romelic mosdevs samTviani vadis amowurvas saratifikacio, miRebis an damtkicebis sigelis deponirebis TariRidan. muxli 20 1. am qartiis ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, evropis sabWos ministrTa komitets SeuZlia miiwvios evropis sabWos arawevri saxelmwifo miuerTdes am qartias. 2. nebismieri mierTebuli saxelmwifos mimarT, qartia ZalaSi Sedis im Tvis pirvel dRes, romelic mosdevs samTviani vadis amowurvas mierTebis sigelis evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnisaTvis Cabarebis TariRidan. muxli 21 1. nebismier mxares, xelmoweris an misi saratifikacio, miRebis, damtkicebis an mierTebis sigelis Sesanaxad Cabarebisas, SeuZlia gaakeTos erTi an meti daTqma am qartiis me-7 muxlis me-2-dan me-5-mde punqtebis mimarT. dauSvebelia sxva daTqmebis gakeTeba. 2. nebismier xelSemkvrel saxelmwifos, romelmac gaakeTa daTqma wina punqtis Sesabamisad, SeuZlia mTlianad an nawilobriv gamoiTxovos igi evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnis saxelze gakeTebuli Setyobinebis saSualebiT. ukan

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gamoTxova ZalaSi Sedis generaluri mdinis mier Setyobinebis miRebis TariRidan. muxli 22 1. nebismier mxares nebismier dros SeuZlia moaxdinos am qartiis denonsacia evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnis saxelze gakeTebuli Setyobinebis saSualebiT. 2. aseTi denonsacia ZalaSi Sedis im Tvis pirvel dRes, romelic mosdevs eqvsTviani vadis amowurvas generaluri mdivnis mier Setyobinebis miRebis TariRidan. muxli 23 evropis sabWos generaluri mdivani acnobebs evropis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoebs da nebismier saxelmwifos, romelic miuerTdeba am qartias: a) nebismieri xelmoweris Sesaxeb; b) nebismieri saratifikacio, miRebis, damtkicebis an mierTebis sigelis Sesanaxad Cabarebis Sesaxeb; g) me-19 da me-20 muxlebis Sesabamisad am qartiis ZalaSi Sesvlis nebismieri TariRis Sesaxeb; d) me-3 muxlis me-2 punqtis debulebebis gamoyenebisas miRebuli nebismieri Setyobinebis Sesaxeb; e) nebismieri sxva aqtis, Setyobinebis an komunikaciis Sesaxeb, romelic exeba am qartias. amis dasturad, qvemore xelmomwerebma, romlebic saTanadod iyvnen rwmunebulni, xeli moaweres winamdebare qartias. Sesrulebulia strasburgSi 1992 wlis noembris me-5 dRes inglisur da frangul enebze, orive teqsti aris Tanabrad auTenturi Sedgenili TiTo egzemplarad, romelic inaxeba evropis sabWos arqivebSi. evropis sabWos generaluri mdivani gadascems damowmebul aslebs evropis sabWos TiToeul wevr saxelmwifos da nebismier saxelmwifos, romelic miwveulia miuerTdes am qartias.

saqarTvelo da regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartia

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