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zq'b]lv ;hu /xg'xf]nf .:jf:Yosf] klg Vofn ug'{kg]{ ;do 5 .c¿sf] e/f];f ul/xfNg' plrt x'“b}g .cfkm\g} k|oTgn] dfq ;kmntf ldNg]5 .dfg;Ddfg kfOg] Pj+ wg cfh{g x'g]of]u 5 . k/fqmd a9\g'sf ;fy} cw'/fsfd aGg] tyf gof“ sfd xfl;n x'g]of]u eP klg d+unaf/ / a'waf/ vr{,ljjfb Pj+ lrGtf a9\g] b]lvG5 .

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• g]lj;+3–clvn qmflGtsf/LaLr ;+jfb,;xdltsf] /fhgLlt ug]{ ;xdlt .

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— dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/d;“u ePsf]jftf{ km]l/ klg 6'ª\uf]df k'u]g .

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klxn] s[lifdf lge{/ hgtfsf] ;ª\Vof () k|ltzt lyof] . v'nf cy{gLlt,cfly{s pbf/Ls/0f Pj+ v'nf kl/j]zn] gof“ /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf l;h{gfu/]kl5 s[lifdf cfl>t hgtfsf] ;ª\Vof 36]sf] xf] . k|To]s jif{ ! k|ltztsfb/n] s[lifdf cfl>t hgtfsf] ;ª\Vof 36\b} uPsf] 5 . clxn] of] ;+Vof &%k|ltztdf em/]sf] 5 . s'n >ldsdWo] ^^ k|ltzt sfd s[lifn] lb“b} cfPsf]hgfOPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] s'n e"lddWo] #( k|ltzt e"–efu s[lif pTkfbgof]Uo 5 .pQm e"lddWo] %@ k|ltzt e"ldsf] dfq k"0f{ ;b'kof]u x'g ;s]sf] 5 .

z/0ffyL{ lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] ;+Vofg]kfndf zf/0ffyL{sf ¿kdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf !* jif{d'lgsf

lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] ;+Vof $! xhf/ 5 . g]kfnsf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt@)^# gfds k':tsdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ % b]lv !$ jif{;Ddsf sl/a@^ nfv afnaflnsf afn>ldssf ¿kdf sfo{/t /x]sf] pNn]v 5 .tLdWo] !) b]lv !% jif{sf] pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof bf]Aa/ 5 .afnaflnsfsf] s'n hg;+Vofsf] ) bzdnj %$ k|ltzt afnaflnsfafn>ldssf ¿kdf sfo{/t 5g\ .

cf}ifwLsf] d"No s6f}tLg]kfnsf cf}ifwL pTkfbsx¿n] @$ j6f cf}ifwLsf pkef]Qmf d"Nodf

% b]lv %) k|ltzt s6f}tL ug]{ ePsf 5g\ . o;/L d"No s6f}tLx¿dWo]cf}ifwLx¿df PG6Lafof]l6S;, h'sf tyf /Qmrfk cflb /f]udf k|of]u x'g]cf}ifwL 5g\ . cf}ifwLsf] s6f}tL ul/Psf] d"No cfufdL ebf} !% ut]kl5pTkfbg x'g] cf}ifwLx¿df nfu" x'g]5 . g]kfndf clxn] $) cf}ifwL pTkfbssDkgLn] a;]{lg $ ca{ ?k}of“ a/fa/sf] cf}ifwL pTkfbg ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .s'n vktsf] $) k|ltzt cf}ifwL g]kfnd} pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

Ps bzsdf sf7df8f}+sf] hg;+Vof $ u'0ffsf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] hg;+Vof lat]sf] Ps bzsdf $ u'0ffn]

a9]sf] tYof+s sf7df8f}+ pkTosf gu/ ljsf; ;ldltn] ;fj{hlgsu/]sf] 5 . k|fKt hfgsf/Lcg';f/ ljqmd ;+jt\ @)%% df !) nfvdflg;sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf clxn] $) nfv dflg;a;f]af; u5{g\ . sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] a;f]af;nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ clxn];Dd!! j6f hUuf ljsf; sfo{qmd ;DkGg e};s]sf 5g\ eg] # j6f sfo{qmdclGtd r/0fdf 5 . To;}u/L & j6f sfo{qmd ;~rflnt 5g\ eg] # j6fsfo{qmd o;} cfly{s jif{b]lv ;'? x'g] ePsf 5g\ .

af9Ln] wgL eP/fhdfg

b'O{ jif{cl3 !$ jfv|f / @afR5f lsg]sf /fhdfg oL ;a}rf}kfof af9Ln] aufPkl5 lanf}gfub}{ lyP . Tolt dfq xf]Og, af9Ls}sf/0f 3/d} kfn]sf] Pp6f e}+;L a]kQfePkl5 pgsf] cfDbfgL ;'Sof] t/efUodf ePkl5 b}jn] klg ljufg{;Sb}g eGg] pvfg /fhdfgdf nfu"eof] . pgn] c¿n] s/ u/]/ Psjif{cl3 kz' ladf u/]sf lyP . kz'ladf ubf{ pgn] hDdf ( ;o lt/]sflyP . ufp“df c¿nfO{ klg kz' ladfug{ cfu|x ul/Psf] lyof], c¿n]l;Q}df k};f lsg kmfNg] eg]/ Tof]k|:tfj c:jLsf/ u/]sf lyP . kz'ladf afkt pgn] ;a} rf}kfofsf] !nfv ($ xhf/ ?k}of“ kfpg] ePsf

5g\ . af9Ln] k'/fgf] 3/ eTsfPsfn];/sf/n] yk %) xhf/ ;xof]u/sd lbg] ePkl5 pgsf] xftdfPsfPs nfvf}+ ?k}of“ cfPsf] xf] .;Kt/Lsf] aGb|fxfdf a;f]jf; ug]{/fhdfgn] clxn];Dd Ps}k6s !)xhf/eGbf a9L /sd gb]v]sf]atfPsf 5g\ .

kf“r jif{d} h]nxfdL s;}nfO{ klg crDd

nfUg ;S5 ls kf“r jif{sL aflnsfh]ndf l5g\, t/ wgs'6f lhNnfsf]lhNnf sf/fuf/df kf“r jif{sLnltsf z]kf{ ut h]7b]lv h]ndfl5g\ . ef]hk'/ lhNnf jf]lvd uflj;–& 3/ e} wgs'6f kflv|jf;df

pgn] h]ndf cfdf;“u} a:g'k/]sf]xf] . :s'n hfg] pd]/df h]ndfa:g'k/]kl5 ljleGg ;+3–;+:yfn]pgnfO{ k9fpg / kfngkf]if0f ug]{t Tk/tf b ]v fP k lg pgsLcfdfsf] gful/stf gePsf sf/0fpgnfO{ s'g} klg ;+3–;+:yfn] nfg;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .

leiff sfk\mn]

@% jif{kl5 h]ndfs'g} JolQmn] s'g} ck/fwdf

;hfo kfPsf] @% jif{kl5 h]ndfa:g'k/]sf] st} ;'Gg' ePsf] 5 <;'Gg'ePsf] 5}g eg] of] ;dfrf/ of];dfrf/ /fd|f];“u k9\g'xf];\ . @% jif{cl3s'6lk6 tyf c+ue+usf] d'2fdf ef]hk'/lhNnf cbfntaf6 ljqmd ;+jt\ @)#(c;f/ @$ ut] @ jif{sf] s}b ;hfokfPsf ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf] /fgLaf;uflj; xsf{ ufp“sf u8'n ljZjsdf{nfO{k|x/Ln] ut ;ftf dfq} kqmfp ug{;s]sf] 5 . kqmfp k/]kl5 ljZjsdf{nfO{pgn] u/]sf] ck/fwafkt h]n rnfgul/Psf] s'/f lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no,ef]hk'/n] hgfPsf] 5 .

Hofg hfg] lk/tLnf ] Ug ] –:jf:gLsf ] dfof

crDd}sf] x'G5 . ljjfxsf] hUu]df;a} lsl;dsf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff lbg]jfrfsf ;fy ljjfx u/ ]sL:jf:gLnfO{ nf ]Ug]n] s'g} klgcj:yfdf ;'/Iff lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;/Lcfkm\gL >LdtLnfO{ ;'/Iff lbg]qmddf ¿kGb]xL lhNnf sdxl/ofuflj;sf] l;d/Ldf a:g] OGb|lhtdNnfxn] cfkm\gf] Hofg u'dfpg'k/]sf]5 . 36gfqmd cg';f/ ;f]xL ufp“a:g] /fdgog e/n] cfkm \gL

>LdtL;“u ha/h:tL s/0fL ug{vf]Hbf OGb|lht dNnfxn] /fdgogsf]k|ltsf/ u/] . cfkm\gf] of]hgfdfvnn k'¥ofpg cfPsf dNnfxsf]/fdgogn] tTsfn} xTof u/] . lhNnfk|x/L sfof{no ¿kGb]xLsf cg';f//fdgogn] dNnfxsf] xTofkl5xftv'§f af“w]/ glhs}sf] vf]nfdfkm\of“lslbPsf lyP ./, cGTodf

a]n'gdf d'v jf kDkn] xfjfeg'{ ;fdfGo g} xf] t/ ;Kt/Lsf PsJolQm sfgaf6 a]n'gdf xfjf eg{;S5g\ . Tof] klg b; ;]s]]G8d} ./fhlj/fhsf #! jifL{o o'js b'u8Ps ldg]6df 5j6feGbf a9La]n'gdf xfjf eg{ ;S5g\ . o;sfnflu pgn] Ps jif{b]lv k|of;ub} { cfPsf lyP . gfs y'g]/gfsdf cfPsf] xfjf sfgdf k7fpg]pgsf] sfo{ cfZro{hgs dfq xf]Og,k|z+;fof]Uo klg 5 .

a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsL @$ jifL{ofpgsL cfdf dLgf z]kf{ cfºg}>Ldfg\nfO{ df/]sf] cf/f]kdf h]ndfk/]kl5 kf“r jifL{of nltsf klgcfdf;“u} h]ndf l5g\ . ;+/If0f /x]/rfx ug]{ cfkmGt gePsf sf/0f

ljBfyL{ glk6\g] k|lta4tfkf ]v/f, nfdfrf }/ ; | f ]t

s]Gb|cGtu{t ljleGg ljBfnosflzIfsx¿n] cfkm\gf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{glk6L k9fpg] k|lta4tf JoQmu/]sf 5g\ . nfdfrf}/ ;|f]t s]Gb|sf]cfof]hgf tyf Unf]an PS;gg]kfnsf] ;xof]udf ;~rflnt kf“rl bg ] u } / l x + ; f ty f tg fjJoj:y fkg t f lnd lnPsflzIfsx¿n] ljutdf cfkm"x¿n]ljBfy L {n fO { lk6\g ] u/ ]sfdfkZrfQfk;d]t JoQm u/]sf lyP .

…klxn] cln–cln lkl6GYof],Úcd{nfsL lzlIfsf tf/fs'df/Le§/fO {n ] elgg \ – …eg ]sf ]gdfGg ]x¿nfO { k lg jrgn ];'wfg'{k5{ eGg] 1fg cfPsf] 5 .ÚljBfnodf x'g] lx+;f sd ug{tflndsf] cfof ]hgf ul/Psf ]Unf]an PS;gsf sfo{qmd ;+of]hsefjgf ;'j ]bLn] atfOg\ . @&jif{;Dd lzIf0f k];fdf nfu]sf ;|f]ts]Gb|sf ;|f ]t JolQm n]vfgynfld5fg]n ] ljutdf cfkm "n ]ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lk6\g] u/]sfdf s]xLkZrQfk ePsf] atfP . pgn] eg]—…lk6]sf] t pgLx¿s} nflu xf], t/;DemfPsf] eP x'g] /x]5 eGg] cg'ejePsf] 5 .Ú ;|f]ts]Gb| cGtu{tsf @)j6f ljBfnosf @& hgf lzIfssf];xeflutf /x]sf] tflnddf aRr'/fda:g]tn] k|lzIf0f lbPsf lyP .

—lqe'jg kf}8]n

ebf} &, @)^$ Aug. 24, 2007 &

8f= afns[i0f ;fxcj;/sf] sdL tyf cfo–cfh{g

ug{ ufx|f] x'“b} uPsf] cfhsf] cj:yfdfJofj;flos lzIffsf] dxŒj a9\b}uPsf] 5 . yf]/} ;dodf g} cWoogk"/f u/]/ ;lhn} /f]huf/ kfpg ;lsg]tyf :jtGq ¿kn] Joj;fo ;~rfngug{ ;lsg] ePsfn] Jofj;floslzIffdf rfk a9]sf] xf] . Jofj;floslzIffcGtu{t d]l8sn If]qdf klg y'k|}k|fljlws ljifo pknAw 5g\ . h;sf]cWoogkZrft\ dWod:t/sf] /f]huf/LlglZrt 5 . k|fljlws lzIff tyfJofj;f los tf lnd kl/ i fb \-l;l6Ole6L_ ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/n];~rfng ul//x]sf] lrlsT;f If]qsf]k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq txsf ljleGgsfo{qmdnfO{ ;/sf/n] z}lIfscfwf/–k|bfg u/]kl5 oL ljifocWoog ug{ rfxg] ljBfyL{sf];+Vof cem a9\g] lglZrt 5 .

z}lIfs of]Uotf sfod gx'g]l;l6Ole6Lsf] kf7\oqmdnfO{ kl5Nnf];dodf lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf]k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq tx a/fa/sf]dfGotf lbOPsf] 5 . lzIffljbx¿sfcg';f/ kf7\oqmd Pp6} ePsfn]l;l6Ole6Lsf] lzIffn] a/fa/Lsf]dfGotf kfPsf] xf] . To;}n] cad]l8sn k|fljlws aGg rfxg]ljBfyL{n] lrlsT;fzf:q cWoog;+:yfgn] ;~rfng u/]sf ;Lldtsn]hsf] dfq d'v tfSg'kg]{ cj:yf/x]g . l;l6Ole6LcGtu{t #) j6fsn]hdf gl;{ªsf] cWofkg x'G5 .To:t} @! j6f sn]hdf l8Knf]dfOg kmfd]{;L, !% j6f sn]hdf :jf:Yo;xfos -Pr=P_, @ j6f sn]hdf8 ] G6n ;xfos tyf Pssn]hdf Nofa 6]lS;lgl;ogsf]cWofkg u/fOG5 . l;l6Ole6Lafx]sklg lrlsT;f cWoog;+:yfgcGtu{t s]xL l;6df oL ljifocWofkg u/fOG5 .l8Knf]df Og kmfd]{;L

g]kfn ;/sf/ cf}ifwL Joj:yfljefun] cf}ifwL laqmL–ljt/0f ug{Go"gtd of]Uotf l8Knf]df Og kmfd]{;Lug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg /fv]sf sf/0f xfno;sf] cWoogdf w]/}sf] ?lr 5 .gf]a]n Ps]8]dL x]Ny ;fOG;cGtu{tkmfd]{;L Og l8Knf]dfsf sf]cl8{g]6/ch'{g ;'j]bL eG5g\– …tLg jif{sf]kmfd]{;L cWoogn] ljBfyL{nfO{ :jtGq¿kn] Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ d2tu5{, To:t} /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/klg TolQs} pknAw u/fp“5,o;sf/0f of] kf7\oqmd k|efjsf/Lb]lvG5 .Ú l8Knf]df Og kmfd]{;LcWoog u/]sf ljBfyL{n] :gftstxdf klg ;f]xL ljifodf cWoogug{] cj;/ kfp“5g\ .

cf } i fwL laqmL–ljt/0fdf;f]x|b]lv tL; k|ltzt ;Ddsf]d'gfkmf x'g] ePsfn] klg k|foMljBfyL{n] of] sf];{kZrft\ cfkm}+Jofkf/;d]t ug{ ;Sg] kmfd]{;L sIff;~rfng ul//x]sf] lkgfsn Ps]8]dLsflk|lG;kn CifL ltjf/L atfp“5g\ .ltjf/Lsf cg';f/ Jofj;floslzIffcGtu{t klg kmfd]{;Ldf w]/} cj;/5 . gf]an sn]hdf l8Knf]df Ogkmfd]{;L cWoog/t nId0f kf08]n]cf}ifwL ljt/0fsf nflu dfq of]ljifo cWoog ug]{ eGg] s'/f untePsf] atfP . kf08]sf cg';f/ kmfd]{;LcWoog u/]/ To;}df ljlzi6 lzIffxfl;n ug{] cj;/ klg TolQs} 5 .

sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleq !)j6f sn]hdf l8Knf]df Og kmfd]{;LcWofkg x ' G5 . l;l6Ole6L–

d]l8sn k|fljlwsdf kof{Kt /f]huf/L

cGtu{tsf ;a} sn]hdf $)–$)j6f l;6 pknAw 5 . g]kfn :s'nckm x]Ny ;fOG; n}grf}/, sflGtk'/sn ]h ckm d ] l8sn ;fOG;;LtfkfOnf, lkgfsn 6]lSgsnsn]h nugv]n, cng]kfn OlG6:Ro'6ckm d]l8sn ;fOG; hf]/kf6L, g]kfnOlG6:Ro'6 km/ x]Ny ;fOG; af}4,g];gn Ps]8]dL km/ x]Ny ;fOGyaNv' , g];gn lehg sn]h afg]Zj/,>4f gl;{ª SofDk; l7dL, g];gnOlG6:Ro'6 ckm d]l8sn ;fOG;PG8 6]Sgf]nf]hL yfkfynL tyf gf]a]nPs]8]dL, l;gfd+un, sf7df8f} +pkTosfleqsf l8Knf]df Og kmfd]{;LcWofkg u/fOg] sn]h x'g\ . To:t}pkTosfaflx/ dx ]Gb |gu/-s~rgk'/_, lj/f6gu/, a'6jn, kf]v/f,lrtjg, /fhlj/fh, w/fg cflb:yfgdf o;sf] cWofkg u/fOG5 .:jf:Yo ;xfos

:jf:Yo ;xfos lgs} k'/fgf]kf7 \oqmd xf ] . lqe 'jgljZjljBfnoaf6 o;sf] cWofkgk|f/De eP klg xfn of] kf7\oqmdl;l6Ole6LcGtu{tsf sn]hdf dfq;Lldt 5 . lrlsT;ssf] ;+Vof sdx'g' / ePsf lrlsT;sx¿ klg ;x/LIf]qd} ;Lldt /x]sfn] :jf:Yo;xfosdf /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf /fd|f]dflgG5 . vf;u/L u|fdL0f If]qsf…8fS6/Ú sf ¿kdf lrlgg] :jf:Yo;xfosn] ;fdfGo la/fdLsf] /fd|f]pkrf/ ug{ ;Sg'sf ;fy} ;fdfGolr/kmf/ Pj+ k|;"lt ;]jf klglbg;S5 . o;afx]s Pd=aL=aL=P;=sf] cWoog ug]{ cj;/ klg kfpg;lsg] ePsfn], :jf:Yo ;xfossf]cWoog ;Defjgfo'Qm dflgG5 .

:jf:Yo ;xfos cWoogsfnf lu btf { ePsf !% j6fSofDk;dWo] rf/j6f SofDk;g];gn Ps]8]dL km/ x]Ny ;fOG;aNv', g]kfn OlG:6Ro'6 ckm x]Ny;fOG; af}4, xf]nL lehg SofDk;afg]Zj/ tyf g]kfn OlG:6Ro'6 ckmd]l8sn ;fOG; PG8 6]Sgf]nf]hLyfkfynL, sf7df8f}+df 5g\ . x]Ny

cl;:6]G6 cWoogsf nflu :s'nckm x]Ny ;fOG; e/tk'/, lrtjgdf^@ j6f l;6 5g\ eg] af“sL cGo;a} sn]hdf $)–$) j6f l;65'6\ofOPsf] 5 . :jf:Yo ;xfoscWofkgsf nflu sf7df8f}+afx]slj/f6gu/, wgu9L, dx]Gb|gu/,/fhlj/fh, jL/uGh, a'6jn, kf]v/f,g ]k fnuGh, hgsk '/ tyfpnf{af/Ldf sn]h 5g\ .8]G6n ;fOG;

8]G6n ;fOG;sf] cWoogsf7df8f}+df dfq 5 . $) l;6 ePsf]sf7df8f+} df]8n c:ktfn tyf;dfh :s'n ckm 8]lG6:6«Ldfk|jL0ftf k|df0fkq txsf] cWofkgu/fOG5 . Psftkm{ bf“tsf la/fdLsf];+Vof a9\bf ] 5 eg] csf{tkm{s:d]l6s p2]Zon] bf“tsf] dfWodaf6;f}Gbo{ a9fpg] km];g rn]sfn] 8]G6n

;fOG;sf] cWoog /fd|f] b]lvG5 . xfd|f]d'n'ssf] ;Gbe{df bf“tsf] pkrf/sfnflu dWod:t/sf] hgzlQmsf] sdLePsfn] /f]huf/sf b[li6sf]0fn] of] ljifopkof]uL b]lvG5 . ;do–;dodf bf“tsf]pkrf/ ug'{k5{ eGg] hgr]tgfu|fld0f:t/;Dd km}n“b} uPsf] kfOG5 .Nofa 6]lSgl;og

k|of]uzfnf cyf{t\ Nofaljgf:jf:Yo lj1fg g} ck"/f] x'G5 . To;}n]k|df0fkq txsf] …Nofa 6]lSg;ogÚsf]dxŒj a9\bf] 5 . c:ktfnsf] ;+Vofa9\b} uPsfn] Nofa 6]lSgl;ogx¿n]cWoogkZrft\ t'?Gt} /f]huf/Lkfpg ;S5g\ . e/tk'/ lrtjgl:yt:s'n ckm x]Ny ;fOG; g]kfndfNofa k|ljlw cWofkg x'g] Ps dfqsn]h xf] . of] sn]hn] k|df0fkqtxdf k|To]s jif{ #) hgf ljBfyL{egf{ lng] u/]sf] 5 .

l;l6Ole6LcGtu{tsf ;a}z}lIfs sfo{qmddf egf{ kfpg] cfwf/Pp6} 5 . gl;{ª -:6fkm g;{_ ,l8Knf ]df Og kmfd] {;L, Pr=P,8 ] G 6n ;x fos ty f No fa6]lSgl;og s'g} klg sfo{qmddfegf{ x'g ljBfyL{n] P;Pn;LdfsDtLdf bf];|f] >]0fLdf pQL0f{ u/]sf]x 'g 'k5 { . OR5's pDd]bjf/n];DalGwt SofDk;af6 cfj]bg btf{u/fO;s]kl5 tf]lsPsf] ldltdf k|j]zk/LIff lbg'k5{ . k|j]z k/LIffdf

c+u|]hL, clgjfo{ ul0ft / lj1fgu/L tLg ljifodf %)–%) c+s u/L! ;o %) c+ssf] j:t'ut k|Zg;f]lwPsf] x'G5 . $) k|ltzt c+sNofP k/LIffyL{ pQL0f{ x'g] eP klgegf{ kfpgsf nflu pTs[i6tfsf];"rL x]l/g] ePsfn] hlt a9L c+sNofof] egf{ kfpg] ;Defjgf pltg} a9L x'G5 . Pp6f sfo{qmdsfnflu cfj]bg lbPsf] pDd]bjf/n]csf]{ sfo{qmdsf] l;6 vfnL ePegf{ kfpg ;S5 .

/]l8of]u|fkmLsf] cWoog/]l8of]u|fkmL klg lrlsT;fzf:qsf] Pp6f cleGg

c+u xf] . PS;/], lel8of] PS;/], l;6L :Sofg tyfPd=cf/=cfO{= /]l8of]u|fkmLsf d'Vo pknlAw x'g\ .g]kfndf l8Knf]df Og /]l8of]u|fkmLsf] cWooglrlsT;fzf:q cWoog ;+:yfg dxf/fhuGhdf dfq;Lldt 5 . of] ljifo cWoogsf nflu lj1fgtkm{k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq txdf sDtLdf %) k|ltzt c+sNofPsf] x'g'k5{ . k|j]z k/LIffdf ;xefuL eP/ pTs[i6!* df kg{ ;Sg] ljBfyL{n] dfq of] ljifo cWoog ug{kfp“5g\ . aL=P:;L= -/]l8of]u|fkmL_ sf] cWoogsf nflulrlsT;fzf:q cWoog ;+:yfg dxf/fhuGhdf rf/tyf aLkLs]cfO{PrP; w/fgdf 5 u/L g]kfndf hDdfb;j6f sf ]6f 5 . aL=P:;L= -/ ] l8of ]u | fkmL_rf/jif] { cWoog xf] eg] l8Knf]df Og /]l8of]u|fkmLk|df0fkq txsf] !* dlxg] cWoog xf] . b'j} txsf]cfj]bgsf nflu rflxg] Go"gtd of]Uotf Pp6} ePsfn]

ljBfyL{n] klxnf] k|fyldstf aL=P:;L= -/]l8of]u|fkmL_nfO{ lbPsf] kfOG5 .

;fdfGo PS;/], ljz]if lsl;dsf PS;/]x¿ l;6L:sfg tyf Pd=cfO{=cfO{= ug{ /]l8of]u|fkm/ geO{ x'“b}g .xfd|f] b]zsf] kl/k|]Iodf /]l8of]u|fkmL cWoog u/]sfljBfyL{sf] ;w}+ cefj 5 . sltko cj:yfdf c:ktfnn]cfkm\g} ;|f]tdf tflnd pknAw u/fPsf u}/k|fljlwsx¿n]/]l8of]u|fkm/sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .To;sf/0f klg of] ljifo /f]huf/Lsf b[li6sf]0fn] ;kmndfGg ;lsG5 . g]kfnsf /]l8of]u|fkm/n] lel8of] PS;/]cyf{t\ cN6«f;f]gf]u|fkmLrflx“ ug{ kfp“b}gg\ . lel8of]PS;/]sf] ljz]if tflnd k|fKt u/]sf /]l8of]u|fkm/n] ef/ttyf cGo d'n'sdf Tof] sfd ug{ kfp“5g\ . g]kfndfeg] /]l8of]nf]lh:6 -lrlsT;s_ n] g} of] sfd ub}{cfPsf 5g\ . To:t} k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq tx a/fa/sf]dfGotf lbOg] l8Knf]df Og /]l8of]u|fkmLsf] cWoogsf nfluP;Pn;L pQL0f{ u/]sf ljBfyL{nfO{ cj;/ lbg'kg]{ ts{ lj1x¿sf]5 . lj1x¿sf cg';f/ k|df0fkq pQL0f{ u/]sf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{k|df0fkq txs} lzIff lbg' /fd|f] xf]Og .

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lj1ffg

k|Zg M d]/f] d]n 8]lne/Ll;:6ddf tkfO{+n] k|of; ug'{ePsf]Od]n k'u]g eg]/ hjfkm cfp“5 <o;sf] sf/0f s] xf] xf]nf <

–cfl/kmpQ/ M o'h/n] d]n k7fp“bf

k|fKt ug]{sf] d]lnª 7]ufgf 6fOku/]sf] x'G5 . o;sf] cy{ o'h/sf]Od]n l;:6dn] 7]ufgf pNn]v ePsf]d]n k|fKt ug]{ JolQmsf] 8f]d]g /To;sf] d]n ;e{/sf] vf]hL u5{ .ha Od]n l;:6dn] d]n k|fKt ug]{JolQmsf] d]n ;e{/;“u ;Dks{ u5{,k7fpg nfluPsf] Od]nnfO{ ;e{/sfdfWodaf6 hfg lbg] ls /f]Sg] eGg]s'/f d]n ;e{/n] lgwf{/0f u5{ . olbd]n k|fkssf] ;e{/n] d]n k7fpg]JolQmsf] 7]ufgfnfO{ cgfjZosd]lnª -:Kofldª_ sf] ;"rLdf /fv]sf]/x]5 jf Tof] 7]ufgfnfO{ Ans u/]sf]/x]5 eg] ;e{/n] Tof] Dof;]hnfO{c:jLsf/ ul/lbG5 / cGttM k7fpg]JolQmsf] OGaS;df kms]{/ cfp“5 .

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xNsf k]o :jf:Yosf nflu xflgsf/sxNsf k]o kbfy{nfO{ nfdf]

;do;Dd lau|g glbg Jofks¿kdf k|of]udf NofOg] /;fogn]dfgj hLjsf]ifnfO{ Iflt kfg{ ;Sg]tYo km ]nf k/ ]k l5 cfkm \g fafnaflnsfx¿sf] xNsf k]o kbfy{df/dfpg] k|j[lQdf c+s'z nufpgcleefjsnfO{ ;Nnfx lbOPsf] 5 .xNsf k]odf k|r'/ dfqfdf k|of]ux'g] O{ @!! -;f]l8od a]Ghf]o6_ n]8LPgPsf] dxŒjk"0f { efunfO{a]sfdsf] agfP/ sf]ifx¿df uDeL/If lt k ' ¥ofpg ;Sg ] tYocg';Gwfgn] b]vfPkl5 o:tf] qf;JoQm ul/Psf] xf] .

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dflg;nfO{ pmhf{ k|bfg ug{

o;nfO{ vdL/, JofS6]l/of /9';L dfg{ xNsf k]o, hfd, k|m'6 h';/ ;nfb 8«]l;ªdf k|of]u ul/G5 .le6fldg ;L;“u ld;fp“bf o;n]a]Gh]gsf] :j¿k lnG5 h'g SofG;/lgDTofpg ] Ps tŒj xf ] .sf]sfsf]nfsf k|jQmf eG5g\— …xfdLn]ld;fj6sf nflu k|of]u ug]{ ;a}tŒj a]nfot / o'/f]k]nL ;+3af6;'/lIft 5g\ egL k|dfl0ft ul/Psf5g\ . xfdLn] lgb]{zg lng] eg]sf]pgLx¿af6} xf] .Ú

vfB dfg s]Gb|sf Ps k|jQmfn];]fl8od a]Ghf]o6 tyf a]Ghf]OsPl;8 vfB k|of]hgsf nflu :jLs[ltk |fKt /;fog ePsf ] atfP .;f]l8od a]Ghf]o6dfly o'/f]k]nL ;+3/ cd]l/sL vfB tyf cf}ifwLJoj:yf ljefun] u/]sf k/LIf0fx¿w]/} k'/fgf e};s]sfn] e/ kg{g;lsg] lkk]//sf] bfjL 5 . lkk]//eG5g\— …;a} s'/fh:t} ;'/Iff hf“rklg w]/} cl3 al9;s]sf] 5 . krf;jif{cl3 ug{ g;s]sf] w]/} sl7ghf“rx¿ cfh ug{ ;lsG5 .

OlGhlgol/ª k|bz{g

sf:sL— kf]v/f OlGhlgol/ªsn]h, lkms] {sf ljBfyL {x¿n]cWoogsf qmddf l;s]sf] 1fgnfO{Ps k|bz{gLdfkm{t b]vfPsf 5g\ .…rf}yf] k]s OlGhlol/ª PS;f]–@))&Ú df ljBfyL{åf/f tof/kfl/Psf ljleGg ;fdu|L /flvPsflyP . l:jr sG6«f]n /f]af]6, :k];/f ]af ]6, On]S6 « f ] lgs jfr8u,cgnfOg, 6\ofS; k]d]G6 ckme]Osn, c6f]d]l6s ?d nfO6 sG6«f]n,ljB'tLo ef]l6ª oGq h:tf oGqk |bz {gLdf x ]g { kfOGYof ] .

ljBfyL{x¿åf/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf;fdu|Ln] b]zljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg]ljZjf; cjnf]sgstf{x¿n] JoQmu/] . sn]hsf clGtd ;]d]:6f/dfcWoog/t ljBfyL {n ] l;s]sf ]1fgnfO{ k|bz{gL ug{ sn]hn] x/]sjif{ OlGhlg/oª PS:kf] ub}{ cfPsf]sn]hsf lk|lG;kn n]vaxfb'/ u'?ªn];fKtflxsnfO{ atfP .

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gf]lsofsf] Aof6«Ldf v/faLut ;ftf df]afOn ;]6 lgdf{tf

sDkgL gf]lsofsf] Psvfn] Aof6«Ldfv/faL ePsf] s'/fn] ;+;f/e/ txNsfd l R r o f ] .g f ] l s o fsDkgLn] g}c f lwsf l/s¿kdf pQmh f g s f / LlbP/ ;r]t/xg cfkm\gfu | f x s n f O {cfu|x u/]sf]l y o f ] .h f k f g s f ]d f T ; ' l ; t fA o f 6 « LO G8 l : 6 « onsDkgL lnld6]8af6 pTkflbtgf]lsof a|fG8sf aLPn–% ;L gfdsAof6«Ldf o; k|sf/sf] v/faLb ] lvPsf ] 5 . ;g \ @))%l8;]Da/b]lv @))^ gf]e]Da/;DdpTkflbt pQm a|fG8sf Aof6«Ldfk|fljlws q'l6 b]lvPsf] s'/f klgsDkgLn] hgfof] . pQm a|fG8sf Aof6«Lrfh{ ubf{ ;ls{6x¿ a9L tfTg] / To;n]k|ToIf c;/ k'Ug] s'/f atfOof] .

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ld6f]sf]lG8«ofn] clS;hg vkt u5{/ olb To;df Iflt k'Uof] eg] hLjsf]ifn]uDeL/ ¿kdf grflx“bf] k|ltlqmof lbgyfN5 . To;kl5 kfls{G;G; / gzfnfO{a]sDdf kfg]{h:tf 8LPgPsf] Iflt;“uuf“l;Psf y'k|} /f]u 5g\ . To;dflyklg a'9\of}nLsf] k"0f{ k|lqmof g} ;'?x'G5 . sfaf] {g]6]8 k]o kbfy{nfO{;8\gaf6 /f]Sg] tŒjsf ¿kdf ;f]l8oda ]ghf ]o6nfO { k ]o kbfy {pTkfbsx¿n] k|of]udf NofO/x]sf 5g\ .

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lgb]{zs Zofd dfq xf]Og, w]/}lgdf{tf pT;flxt x'g yfn]sf 5g\

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cfwf ef]6 k|zfGtsf] kIfdf;fKtflxs ;dfrf/

w/fg– t ]; | f ] O l G8ogcfO8nsf] bf}8df g]kfnL d"nsfk|lt:kwL{ k|zfGt tfdfª k|anbfa]bf/sf ¿kdf cl3 al9/x]sf5g\ . ef/tLo 6]lnlehg Rofgn…;f]gLÚn] tLg jif{b]lv cfof]hgf ub}{cfPsf] of] ;f+uLlts k|ltof]lutfdfo;kfln ;a}eGbf a9L dt k|zfGtn]k|fKt ul//x]sf] atfOG5 . utzlgaf/sf] k|lt:kwf{kl5 k|zfGtn]pTs[i6 kf“rdf k|j]z kfPsf 5g\ .

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lbO/x]sf 5g\ . pTs[i6 kf“rsf]k|lt:kwf{df k|zfGtnfO{ ef]6 lbgsf7df8f}+af6 k|Voft x]o/ l8hfOg/gLn 8]lj8 s6'jfn o;} ;ftfbfhL{lnª k'u] . k"jL { g]kfnsfafl;Gbfx¿ ;LdfjtL{ ef/tLo ahf/uO{ k|zfGtnfO{ ef]6 lbO/x]sf 5g\eg] ef/tLo e"ld k'Ug g;Sg]x¿cfkm\g} ufp“–;x/df /sd ;+sng u/Lk|ltlglwnfO{ ;Ldfkfl/ k7fP/ ef]6xfln/x]sf 5g\ . ef]6 lbg ;LdfjtL{ef/tLo ahf/ k'u]sf g]kfnLx¿nfO{ToxL+sf ;dy{sx¿n] ef]6 xfNgsflglDt ef/tLo df]afOnsf l;dsf8{pknAw u/fp“b} cfPsf 5g\ .

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ef]6 lbgsf lglDt /sdpknAw u/fpg]x¿sf] 3'O“rf] g} nfUg]u/]sf] of]~hgn] atfP . Ps bh{go'jf 3/–3/ 8'n]/ tyf efg'rf]sdf:6n /fv]/ k|zfGtnfO{ ef]6 lbg/sd ;+sng ul//x]sf 5g\ .pgLx¿n] ;fKtflxs ¿kdf # hgfk|ltlglw bfhL{lnª k7fO{ w/fgsftkm{af6 ef]6 lb“b} cfPsf 5g\ . @$jifL{o o'js k|zfGt PskN6 dfq…8]Gh/ hf]gÚdf k/]sf 5g\ .

x]o/ :6fOln:6 gLn 8]la8n] sf7df8f}+ dndf k|zfGtsf] kIfdf 6f“u]sf] Aofg/

/fhwfgLsf ld:6/ PG8 ld;sf7df8f}+— ljut s]xL jif{ otfb]lv x'“b} cfPsf]

ld:6/ PG8 ld; /fhwfgL zLif {ssf ] df ]8nk|ltof]lutfn] o; k6s klg lg/Gt/tf kfpg] ePsf]5 . /fhwfgLsf ;fy} df]km;ndf k|lt:kwf{Tds sfo{qmd;~rfngdf ;lqmo /x“b} cfPsf] b P/f] df]8lnª Ph]G;Ln]cfof]hgf ug] { of] k|ltof]lutf ef]ln zflgaf/cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng s]Gb|df cfof]lht x'“b}5 . ;kgh]= zdf{sf] Joj:yfkg tyf l;4fGt l3ld/]sf]sf]l/of]u|fkmL /xg] k|ltof]lutfdf sl/a b'O{ bh{go'jfo'jtLsf] ;xeflutf 5 . ev{/} kf]v/fdf ;DkGgld; klZrdf~rn k|ltof]lutfsf ;xefuLx¿n] klgefu lng] of] k|lt:kwf{df ld:6/ PG8 ld;sfcltl/Qm cGo ljwfsf ljh]tfx¿ klg 5gf}6ul/g]5 . sfo{qmdnfO{ dgf]/~hgk"0f{ agfpg cGov'/fssf ;fydf afnaflnsf;DaGwL km];g ;f]klg ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .

lnl6n lhlgo; g]xfsf7df8f}+— afnclwsf/ cfhsf] cfjZostf eGg]

gf/f;lxt ut zlgaf/ &–!@ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf %%hgf afnaflnsf ;d]6]/ …lnl6n lhlgo; g]kfnÚzLif{ssf] afnaflnsf;DaGwL k|lt:kwf{ ;DkGg eof] .l8«d P/fsf] cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg pQm k|ltof]lutfsf;xefuLx¿ km]d km];gåf/f tof/ kfl/Psf klx/gdf;lhPsf lyP . kl/rofTds, a]:6 8«];, 6k 6\j]G6L /6k Py u/L rf/ r/0fdf ljeflht ;f] k|ltof]lutfnfO{;f]lkmof dxh{g / k'ikf yfkfn] sf]l/of]u|fkmL u/]sflyP . sf]l/of]u|fkmLdf zld{nf u'?ª / dlgnf >]i7sf]klg ;xsfo{ lyof] . %% hgf k|lt:kwL{af6 k|f/De e}6k 6\j]G6Ldf 5flgPsf ;xefuLx¿n] k|Zgf]Q/sf] ;f6f]lgb]{lzt ljifodf cfkm\gf] cleJolQm lbPsf lyP .

cGttM 6k Pydf /fd|f] / pTs[i6 k|:t'lt lbP/ g]xfdxh{gn] lnl6n lhlgo; g]kfnsf] pkflw lhltg\ .k|ltof]lutfsf] km:6 g/gck pkflwdf cleK;f a:g]tn]sAhf hdfOg\ eg] /f]lhgf bfxfn / cf:df kf]v/]n;+o'Qm ¿kdf ;]s]G8 /g/ck 5gf}6 eP . cGopkflwx¿tkm{ >'lt s'“j/ df:6/ 6\ofn]G6]8, ;f]lvgf/l~ht df:6/ l8l;lKng, ;+hLjgL ;'j]bL a]:6kmf]6f]h]lgs, Sofhl/g /l~ht d:6 k|m]G8l;k, g]xfdxh{g j]:6 :kLr, ;lgn u'?ª d:6 PlS6e, :g]xf/fgf d:6 rfld{ª k;{gfln6L, ;lrg u'?ª a]:6kkm{d]{G;, gLlndf /f0ffdu/ a]:6 :dfOn tyf t[lKtdxh{g d:6 l:j6 5flgP .

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lkmNdL va/

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gof“ lgb ] {zs /fdhLnfld5fg]n] lgb]{zg u/]sf] rnlrq3fts ebf }sf ] clGtd ;ftfpkTosfaflx/af6 k|bz{gdf cfpg]ePsf] 5 . k|e'zdz]/ ha/fsf]lgdf{0f /x]sf] of] rnlrqdf /ldt9'+ufgf, em/gf yfkf, ;'dg l;+x,ul/df kGt, /lj a:g]t, hLjgn'O“6]n cflbsf] d'Vo e"ldsf 5 .nId0f z]ifsf] ;+uLt ;'Gg kfOg]3ftsdf b'O{j6f uLt dfq} 5g\ .

lxdfn s];Lsf] åGå tyf s'df/avtLsf] 5fof“sg /xg] …/fdan/fdÚ lr/~hLjL a:g]tsf]rf}aL;f}+ rnlrq xf] .

tLg jif {sf ] lj>fdkl5lgb]{zs t'n;L l3ld/]n] rnlrq…b]zÚ sf] lgb]{zg ug]{ ePsf 5g\ .>j0f l3ld/] lgdf{tf /xg] b]zdf/fh]z xdfn, lg?tf l;+x, lglvnpk|]tLsf] d'Vo e"ldsf /xg] kSsfePsf] 5 . To;}u/L klxnf] k6sl3ld/ ] SofDksf ] rnlrqdfzDe'lht af“:sf]6fn] ;+uLt lbg]ePsf 5g\ . …b]zÚ /fli6«o efjgfhufpg] rnlrq x'g]5 .

zf]let a:g]tåf/f lgb]{lztld;g ne Og l;lSsdsf ]5fof+sg b"|t ultdf e}/x]sf] s'/flgb]{zs a:g]tn] atfPsf 5g\ .ljqmfGt a:g]t, ?:df /fO { ,gfu]Gb| l/hfnsf ;fy} w]/}h;f]l; lSsd ] k | ltefn ] clegou l//x ]s f ] ld;g ne Ogl; l Ssdsf ] syf ljsf;cfrfo{n] n]v]sf x'g\ . o;cl3lgb]{zs a:g]tn] b;j6f rnlrqlgb]{zg ul/;s]sf 5g\ . ld;gne Og l;lSsdsf ] lgdf {0fznf]g lkmND;n] ul//x]sf] 5 .

uflosf b Lk f em fsf ]syfdf lgs} klxn] pgsf ufos>Ldfg\ plbtgf/fo0f emfn] lgdf{0fug]{ elgPsf] rnlrq …bf]af6f]ÚcGttM rnlrq lgdf{tf 6+snD;fnn] lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . xfnpQm rnlrqsf ] lgdf {0fsfo{;DkGg ePsf] 5 . k|bz{gsf]tof/Ldf /x]sf] pQm rnlrqnfO{lIflth l;g] cf6{\;sf] Aofg/dflgb]{zs bof/fd bfxfnn] lgb]{zgu/]sf x'g\ . rnlrqdf /fh]zxdfn, lglvn pk|]tL tyf ul/dfkGtsf] s]Gb|Lo e"ldsf 5 eg]o;sf ] ; +u Lt zDe ' lhtaf;sf]6fn] lbPsf 5g\ .

g]kfnL rnlrqdf klgPlgd];g k|ljlwsf] k|of]u a9\b}uPsf] 5 . oxL qmddf xfndfG5]nfO{ Plgd];g u/]/ afhagfO{ p8fOPsf] rnlrq …afhÚsf]lgdf {0f e }/x ]sf ] 5 . bLksa:g]tn] lgb] {zg u/]sf] pQmrnlrqdf /fh]z 9'+ufgf, k'hgfk|wfg, wd]{Gb| cfrfo{, ¿kf kf7s,1fg'h+u yfkf cflb snfsf/sf]d'Vo e"ldsf 5 . ;fpg dlxgfsf]clGtd ;ftflt/ k|bz{gdf NofOg]pQm rnlrqdf ;'bfd yfkfn];+uLt lbPsf 5g\ .

ne u'? /]vf

d !* jifL{o o'js x'“ . xfd|f] hftdf dfdfsL5f]/L;“u ljjfx ug{ ldN5 t/ km'k"sL 5f]/LnfO{ ljjfxug{ ldNb}g . d]/f] / km'k"sL 5f]/LaLr k|]d ;DaGw5 . xfdL Ps–csf{lagf af“Rg klg ;Sb}gf}+ . km'k"sL5f]/L gftfn] pgL d]/L lbbL kl5{g\ . xfd|f cfkmGttyf ;dfhnfO{ of] s'/f kRb}g eGg] s'/f xfdLnfO{yfxf 5 . xfd|f] dfuL ljjfx c;Dej 5 . To;}n]d}n] pgnfO{ eufP/ ljjfx ug'{ plrt xf]nf ls of];DaGwnfO{ 6'ª\Uofpg' < ;xL lg0f{o lng ;ls/x]sf]5}g, d s] u¿“ <

—P;=s]=tkfO{+sf] ;d:of ;fdflhs k/Dk/f;“u uf“l;Psf]

5 . sltko k|]ldk|]ldsfn] ;a} lsl;dsf ;fdflhsk/Dk/fsf lj?4 ljb|f]x u/]sf] pbfx/0f xfdL;“u k|z:t}

kf7sx¿sf] k|]d lh1f;f Pj+ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{p2]Zon] xfdLn] of] :tDe ;'? u/]sf xf}+. cfkm\gfk|]d;DaGwL ljleGg ;d:of xfdLnfO{ n]lvk7fpg'xf];\. tL ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ljleGg ljz]if1sf] /fo–;Nnfxcg'¿k gflosf /]vf yfkfn] vf]Hg] k|of;ug'{x'g]5. of] :tDesf nflu s'g} z'Ns nfUg]5}g.cfkm\gf] ;d:of ;fKtflxssf] 7]ufgfdf k7fpg'xf]nf.

gf/fo0f k'/Låf/f lgb]{lztrnlrq cNklj/fd k|bz{gsflglDt tof/ ePsf] lgdf{0f kIfn]hgfPsf] 5 . b]zel/ Ps} k6sk|bz{gdf cfpg nfu]sf] pQmrnlrqdf dfcf ]j fb Lå f/ f;~rflnt afx| jif]{ hgo'4sf] syf;d]l6Psf] 5 . cNklj/fddfljho nfdf tyf ;'gLn kf]v|]nsf]d'Vo e"ldsf 5 . ljsf; cfrfo{sf]n]vg /x]sf] cNklj/fdsf] lgdf{0fo'g'; cG;f/L, k|bLk pbo cflbn]u/]sf x'g\ .

;LaL lkmND;sf] k|:t'ltrnlrq …/fd an/fdÚ sf ]5fof “sg k|f/De ePsf] 5 .lr/~hLjL a:g]t lgdf{tf /x]sf]rnlrq …/fd an/fdÚ df lglvnpk|]tL, c?l0fdf nD;fn, cd[th+ua:g]t tyf >Ls[i0f >]i7sf]d'Vo e"ldsf 5 . lzj /]UdLsf]lgb]{zg, ljsf; cfrfo{sf] n]vg,

5, t/ tkfO{+sL km'k"sL 5f]/L;“u tkfO{+sf] /utsf] gftf5 . xfd|f] sfg'gn] klg lglZrt k':tf;Dd /utsf]gftfdf ljjfx ug]{ cg'dlt lb“b}g . j}1flgs ts{x¿n]klg /utsf] gftfdf j}jflxs ;DaGwnfO{ c:jLsf/u5{ . o:tf] l:yltdf tkfO{+n] ;fdflhs k/Dk/f /j}1flgs ts{ b'j}sf] ;Ddfg ug'{ tkfO{+ / tkfO{+sLkm'k'sL 5f]/L b'j}sf] lxtdf b]lvG5 . t;y{ km'k"sL5f ]/LnfO{ eufP/ ljjfx ug' {eGbf tkfO{ +x¿sf];DaGwnfO{ 6'ª\Uofpg' g} plrt x'G5 . lsgeg] k|]deg]sf] k|flKt dfq} xf]Og . tkfO{+x¿n] cfkm\gf] ;DaGw6'ª\Uofpbf klg Ps csf{;“u efjgfTds ;DaGw /fVg;Sg'x 'G5 . o:tf] efjgfTds ;DaGw s'g} klglsl;dsf] zf/Ll/s k|]deGbf pRr sf]6Lsf] x'G5 eGg]k|z:t pbfx/0f 5g\ .

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bLks/fh lu/L, xf:osnfsf/e'“8L a9\g' ;DkGgtfsf] k|tLs xf] . cf/fd

ug]{, ljnfl;tfdf a:g]x¿sf] e'“8L a9\5 . nUhl/o;nfOkmaf6 6f9f /xof] eg] e'“8L cfkm}+ 36\5 .

cfnf]s>L, ;+uLtsf/s]xL gu/L vfg]–;'Tg] dfq u/]kl5 e'“8L

al9xfN5 lg, /lgª klg ug'{k¥of] . e'“8L a9\g'eg]sf] /f]u a9\g' xf] To;}n] e'“8L 36fpg Snadfhfg'k¥of] . s;}sf] e'“8L 36fpg'kg]{ eP dsxf“k7fOlbP x'G5 .

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lz/f]dl0f bjf8L, snfsf/lao/ vfg] / a;La;L ukm r'6\g]x¿sf]

e'“8L gnfu]/ s;sf] nfU5 < To;}n] clgolGqttl/sfn] vfg' ePg . >LdtLn] dfof u/]gg\ eg]hlt e'“8L nfu] klg 3l6xfN5 lg .

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cfof ]hgfdf :yfgLo aLaLPgRofgnsf] nf]s 5xf/L ;f+uLltssfo{qmdsf nflu 5fof+sg ul/Psf]sfo{qmddf /ftf] ;f/L / Anfphclg r'/fkf ]t];lxtsf uxgfn];lhPsf dlxnfx¿ l;dl;d]kfgLdf leHb} wLt d?Gh]n ufpg/ gfRg Jo:t eP .

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a'6jn– glhls+b } uPsf ]dlxnfx¿sf] k|d'v rf8 tLhnfO{nlIft u/]/ :yfgLo l;4]Zj/ df=lj=,

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x] a]aLcfh z'qmaf/ ;fj{hlgs

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jf/PS;g rnlrqsf kf/vL g]kfnL bz{snfO{

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To;}nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ cfhz'qmaf/b]lv cfOtaf/;Dd lqk'/]Zj/l:yt o'gfO6]8 jN8{ 6«]8 ;]G6/sf]rf}yf] tnfdf /x]sf] 8fO/]S;g g]kfnsf] k|bz{gL xndf tLg lbg] …tLhdxf]T;jÚ cfof]lht x'“b}5 . dlxnfx¿sf nflu pkof]uL ;fdu|Lx¿sf]k|bz{gL tyf laqmL ul/g] pQm dxf]T;j laxfg b; ah]b]lv ;f“em ;ftah];Dd rNg]5 . j'd]G; lqmo;gsf] cfof]hgfdf x'g]of] dxf]T;jsf] Joj:yfkg 8fO/]S;g g]kfnn]ul//x]sf] 5 .7d]nsf] lqb]jL dfu{df ev{/};~rfngdf cfPsf] a|'g lrNnL /]:6'/f“dfcfh ;f“em …km\ofG6fl:6s kmf]/Ú zLif{sdfPs 8fG;kf6L{sf] cfof]lht x'“b}5 . laDofg,qmflGt, kfon / efOen] ljleGg lxGbL,c+u|]hL tyf g]kfnL uLt÷;+uLt 3Gsfpg]of] 8fG;kf6L{ cf7 ah] k|f/De x'g]5 .hGdldlt M@@ d+l;/3/df af]nfpg] gfdMcfuGt'stkfO{+sf] kl/roMuflosfhGd:yfg M;+v'jf;efsd{ynf] Msf7df8f}+?lr M;+uLtk|sflzt PNadMjgdf km'Nof] km"nuf]Ko s'/f Muf]Ko s'/f vf]n]+ eg] uf]Ko g} /x“b}g lg;f+uLlts u'?Mu'?b]j sfdt, O{Zj/ cdfToglhssf] ;fyLMaGbgf, k|ltef, lbJof / lnhfcWoog McfO{=sd=dgkg]{ kl/sf/Mcfn'ksfpg hfg]sf] kl/sf/Mg]kfnL vfgfdgkg]{ /+u M;]tf], sfnf]dgkg]{ klx/gMkfOG6, l6;{6dgkg]{ df};dMb;}+–ltxf/sf] a]nf, z/b Ct'dgkg]{ v]nMelnankm';{bdf Mkl/jf/;“u /dfOnf] u5'{dgkg]{ cfkm\g} afgLMxf“l;/xG5'l/; p7]sf] a]nfMxNnf u5'{klxnf] PNadMjgdf km'Nof] km"nklxnf] rlr{t uLtMjgdf km'Nof] km"n;a}eGbf a9L dfofMcfdfa'afnfO{klxn] ahfPsf] afhfMxfdf]{lgodklxnf] k|]d Mcfdfklxnf] kmf]6f] ;];gMuf]bfj/Ldf

glhsaf6cfuGt's v/]n

ebf} &, @)^$ Aug. 24, 2007 !&

lht'’rfsf] hf]S;jitendra_rajb@hotmail.com

sljtf n3'syf

alnbfgsf] d"No

b'O{–tLg lbgb]lv nuftf//S;L vfP/ 9ndn u/L 3/kmls{Psf] las'/fd l9nf] p7]sf] b]v]/>LdtLn] emls{+b} M s] xf] lxhf]cfht k|To]s ;f“em v'a kf6L{sf] /demd 5lg < xf]Og tkfO+{ ;w}+ To:tf] 9ndnx'g] u/L s] lkpg'x'G5 eGg'; t <

las'/fd M a'lem;\ a"9L, d}n]a'waf/ kfgLdf a|fG8L ld;fP/ vfP“,dnfO{ nfUof] . laxLaf/ kfgLdf /dld;fP/ vfP“ km]l/ nfUof], clglxhf]rflx“ kfgLdf x\jL:sL ld;fP/vfP“ km]l/ klg nfUof] . To;}n]cab]lv d slxNo} kfgL vfGg“ .

)))las'/fd la/fdL ePsf] Ps

j[4 l5d]sLnfO{ e]6\g c:ktfn k'u]5 .las'/fd cfO{;Lo"df clS;hgnufP/ ;'t]sf] l5d]sL glhs} s]plePsf] lyof], la/fdLsf] l:yltt emg\ v/fa eP5 . la/fdLn]cfkm\gf ] xft a]:;/L xNnfpgyfn]5 / s]xL n]Vg vf]h]sf] h:t}u/L O;f/f u/]5 . la/fdLn] s]xLn]Vg vf]h]sf] xf]nf eg]/ las'/fdn]

xQ g kQ cfkm\gf] uf]hLaf6 snd/ Ps 6'qmf sfuh lbP5 . la/fdLn]s]xL n]Vbfn]Vb} l5d]sLn] clGtdZjf; km]/]5 . j[4 la/fdLsf] d[To'ePsfn] sfuhdf h] n]v] klg kl5x]/f} +nf eg]/ ljs'/fdn] cfkmgf]hf]uLdf xfn]5 .

s]xL lbgkl5 ljs'/fdn]cfkm\gf] lat]sf] l5d]sLn] n]v]/lbPsf] sfuhsf] 6'qmf ofb cfP5/ Tof] sfuh /fv]sf] kfOG6 vf]Hgyfn]5 . dgdg} ;f]r]5 M kSs} klgl5d]sLn] e]6\g gkfPsf cfkm\gf5f]/fx¿nfO{ ;Gb]z n]v]sf] xf]nf .clg sfuh lgsfn]/ k9]5 M cf]las'/fd efO, t}+n] d]/f] clS;hgsf]kfOk s'Nr]/ a;]sf] 5;\, v'§f l56f]x6f, gq d d5'{ .

)))Pp6f JolQm af/df a;]/

nuftf/ /S;L lkO/x]sf] lyof] .p;sf] lkpg] z}nLaf6 5Ss kb}{csf]{ enfb\dLn] ;f]Wof], …o;f] ljrf/ubf{ tkfO{+ lgs} b'MvL x'g'x'G5 h:tf]nfUof] . To:tf] s] eof] <Ú

…xh'/ d b'MvL g} 5' . tLgdlxgf klxn] d]/L cfdf dl/g\ .pgn] d]/f] gfddf @) nfv ?k}of“hDdf u/]sL lyOg\ .Ú

…b'O{ dlxgfklxn] d]/f a'jf v;] .pgn] klg d]/f] gfddf !) nfv ?k}of“hDdf ul/lbPsf /x]5g\ .Ú

…Ps dlxgfcl3 d]/L km'k" vl;g\ .pgn] klg d]/f] gfddf * nfv ?k}of“hDdf ul/lbPsL lyOg\ .Ú

enfb \dLn ] b ' MvL x ' “ b }eGof ], …cxf ], Toltlj£g dfofug]{x¿n] nuftf/ 5f8]/ uP5g\ .w]/} b'Mvsf] s'/f xf] .Ú

/S;L lkpg]n] eGof], …;a}eGbfb'Mvsf] s'/f of] dlxgf To:tf] dfofug]{ sf]xL klg d/]gg\ .Ú

dgsf] /fhf

d]/f] dgsf] /fhf clGtd kq sf]b}{ xf]nfsnd n'sfP/ lr7L aGb ub}{ xf]nfcf“vf klg /;fP xf]nf cf]7 klg ;'s] xf]nfljut ;lDemP/ ;kgL d} kf;f] yfKg] tof/Ldf xf]nfyfs] xf]nfg\ xftx¿ c“ufnf]df af“Wg] cfzf /fvL;DxfNg] sf]l;; ub}{ xf]nf d'6'dfly 9'+uf /fvLlbnsf] /fhf dg a'emfpg tl:a/x¿ x]b}{ xf]nf,d'7Lleq /ut lemsL clGtd kq sf]b}{ xf]nf .

–;l/tf If]qL

k|]d s:tf]–s:tf] <ltdLnfO{ dfq b]lv/x"“, ltdLnfO{ dfq e]l6/x"“klxnf] k|]d s:tf]–s:tf], nfU5 Psgf; x]l//x"“ltd|} 5fof“ cl3kl5, ¿k cf“vfel/g t lgb|f g t ef]s, emNsf] 3/L–3/LkfOn}lkR5] 6]ls/x"“, ltdLnfO{ dfq e]l6/x"“klxnf] k|]d s:tf]–s:tf], nfU5 Psgf; x]l//x"“sNkgfdf sxf“ k'U5', ltd|} cf“ugdf x'G5';fydf ltdLnfO{ ge]6\bf, ;DemL–;DemL ?G5';w} ltdLnfO{ b]lv/x"“, ;w}+ ltdLnfO{ e]l6/x"“klxnf] k|]d s:tf]–s:tf] nfU5 Psgf; x]l//x"“ .

—k]|dlgzfgL du/

km'6fP/ uof} ;fg'cfkm\gf] dg cfkm};“u 6'6fP/ uof}+ ;fg';f]emf] lyP“ of] dg ;a} n'6fP/ uof} ;fg'aNnaNn k|ult kydf lx+8\g yfn]sf] lyP“

;'Gb/ ;kgfx¿ ;a} km'6fP/ uof} ;fg'cfzQm lyP“ ltdLk|lt rf]vf] dfof lbPs} lyP“em"6f] cf/f]k nufO{ ltDn] s'6fP/ uof} ;fg'af“r]sf] cy{ s] g} /x\of] / knkn dfl/xfNof}d]/f] Hofg lrtfdfly dnfdL h'6fP/ uof} ;fg' .

–;'bLk l/dfn

e'Ng} ;lsga}u'gLnfO{ cfh–ef]ln e'Ng} ;lsglgdf]{xL;“u dgsf] s'/f v]Ng} ;lsgaf]n"“ eG5' pgsf] cl3 af]Ng} cfPgcaf]w d]/f n]vgLn] n]Vg} rfx]glg/fzfsf] afbn 5fof] cfh d]/f] dgdfjxf/ 5}g h:tf] nfU5 a}u'gLsf] tgdfcfzf nfU5 dnfO{ htf uP klgcfzf nfU5 dnfO{ cem} e]6\5' ls egLlgdf]{xL;“u dgsf] s'/f vf]Ng} ;lsg .

–/fh]z af/fsf]6L

rf]/ eGg] aft cfof]w'?w? ?g kg]{ cf]xf] † s:tf] /ft cfof]cfkm\g} vNtL 5fDbf klg rf]/ eGg] aft cfof]lgd'vfsf] pkb]zdf cnÍf/ x'Gg /}Ú5;“u} lx“8g] ;fyLaf6 wf]sf vft} vft cfof];kgfsf] ;+;f/df PSsf;L v} s] eP5g;f]r]sf] sxfgLsf] bzf ;f9] ;ft cfof]s] eP5 cfh dnfO{ gvfP/} ljif nfUof]lkPsf] kn ofb} 5}g t/ cfh ;f¥x} dft cfof]km"naf/Ldf u'nfasf] km"n l6Kg vf]Hb} lyP“cgfo;} cfkm\gf] xftdf s's]sf] kft cfof] .

–z+s/ ;fksf]6f

zAbx¿ el/b]pm5'6\of] eg] st} ;fy uLtd} dnfO{ ;'lgb]pmkm"n h:tf] nfUof] eg] dfnf agfO{ plgb]pmr'na'n] dg efUg vf]Hnf lbnleq y'lg/fvxhf/f}+ d'6'n] af6f] 5]Snf s]jn d]/} d'6' r'lg/fvd tfndf tfn lbG5', ltdL zAbx¿ el/b]pmd ;/ud u'gu'gfp“5' ltdL ;+uLt 5l/b]pm;/udsf] ;f/]ud tfndf ltdL ltgf lwgfd ;f/+uL ltdL tf/ cw'/f] 5f}+ xfdL Ps lagf .

–lji0f'/fh pk|]tL

j}zfv !! ut] nf]stGq lbj; eJo ¿kdfdgfOof] . g]tfx¿n] u0ftGqsf] gf/f 3GsfP .snfsf/x¿n] cf–cfkm\gf] snf k|bz{g u/] .;lxbsf] alnbfgsf] pRr d"Nof+sg ug]{ pb\3f]ifub}{ ;lxbsf kl/jf/nfO{ km"n dfnf nufP/ :jfutul/of] . b]zel/ o:t} sfo{qmd u/]/ k|ltudgsf]jflif{sL dgfOof] .

nf]stGqsf] oqf] eJo sfo{qmd x'“bf Ps;lxbsf a'af s'gfdf r'krfk ple/x]sf lyP .g]tfhLsf] h'?Ss prfNg] efif0f, snfsf/sf]uLt / g[To tyf gf6sx¿n] klg pgnfO{ 5'g;ls/x]sf] lyPg . ;a}eGbf kfsf JolQmsf] of]Jojxf/kl5 pb\3f]ifsn] pgnfO{ d~rdf cfP/cfkm" b'MvL x'g'sf] sf/0f :ki6 kfg{ cfu|x u/] .cfkm" ;lxbsf a'jf ePsf] kl/ro v'nfp“b} tLj[4n] eg]— …d tkfO{+x¿;“u nf]stGq k|flKtsf]v';L dgfpg ;lQmg“ . lsgeg] d]/f] 5f]/fnfO{uf]nL xfGg lgb]{zg lbg] JolQmnfO{ sf/afxLePs} 5}g . ha;Dd ck/fwLn] ;hfo kfp“b}g,xfdLn] nf]stGq k|fKt ePsf] v';L af“8\gldNb}g .Új[4sf] efif0fkl5 w]/} ;lxb kl/jf/sfo{qmd alxisf/ ub}{ aflxl/P .

–lzj/fd ;fksf]6f

;+v'jf;efdf km:6fof] cNnf] v]tL;+v'jf;efdf @)$^ b]lv

cNnf]sf] Jofj;flos v]tL yflnPsf]xf] . lhNnfsf afnf, l;;'jf, tfDs',df +t]jf, ofkm ", kflye/f, g'd,dT:okf]v/L, kfjfvf]nf, afx|aL;],tfdfkm f ]s;d ]tsf uf lj;sf;fd'bflos tyf /fli6«o jgdf k|r'/dfqfdf cNnf] kfOG5 . cNnf]af6sflQsb]lv h]7;Dd kf6 ;+sngu/]/ ksfp“b} wfuf] agfOG5 . o;/Lwfuf ] agfPkl5 cNnf ] sk8fpTkfbg x'g] / of] b]zsf ljleGgahf/ x“'b} cd]l/sfb]lv hfkfg;Ddlgof{t ul/G5 .

cNnf]sf sk8f nufp“bfudL{df lr;f] / hf8f]df tftf] x'G5 .;+v'jf;efdf t cNnf]sf s'g} g s'g}sk8f k|of]u gug{] dflg; e]6\gd'l:sn x'G5 . aflx/L lhNnfaf6cfPsf cfGtl/s ko{6s tyfsd{rf/Ln] gft]bf/ Pj+ ;fyLx¿nfO{cNnf ]sf sk8f / ;fdfgpkxf/:j¿k lbg] rng 5 .

oxf “ cNnf ]af6 cf l>tkl/jf/sf] ;+Vof * ;o $% 5 .o;d} cfl>tsf] ;+Vof * xhf/eGbfa9L /x]sf] cNnf] pTyfgdf lqmofzLnlhNnfsf ;+:yfx¿n] hgfPsf 5g\ .oLdWo] sf7df8f}+df laqmL ug{ a;]sf!&, vf“baf/Ldf vl/blaqmL / sk8fpTkfbg ug{ $%, 6f]n6f]n;Dd sk8fa'Gg], kf6 ;+sng ug{], k|zf]wg ug{]sf];+Vof $ ;o #) kl/jf/ 5 .pgLx¿sf] d'Vo k];f cNnf] ;+sng,k|zf]wg, a'gfO tyf lgsf;L xf] .o;afx]s …kf6{ 6fOdÚ sfd u/]/ dfl;s% xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd sdfpg]sf] ;+Vof #

;o %# kl/jf/ 5 . b O:6 kmfpG8];gsfcNnf] ;xhstf{ ljgf]bs'df/ u'?ªsfcg';f/ ;+v'jf;efaf6 a;]{lg @) s/f]8?k}of“sf] cNnf] sk8f lgsf;L x'g]u/]sf] 5 . ufp“df a'g]sf sk8f;b/d 'sfd vf “baf/L x ' “ b }lj/f6gu/b]lv sf7df8f}+;Dd k'U5 .

d'Vo k];f cNnf]lhNnfsf afnf / l;;'jf uflj;sf

;a} 3/sf] d'Vo k];f cNnf]af6 sk8fpTkfbg ug'{ xf] . oxf“sf $ ;o %)kl/jf/sf] d'Vo k];f / cfo;|f]tcNnf ] g } ePsf ] 5 . oxf “sfs]6fs]6Lb]lv j[4f;Dd laxfg p7]b]lvxf6ahf/ hf“bf xf];\ jf ;a} k|sf/sfsfd ubf{ xftdf s'?; / cNnf]sf]hflvNdf -sRRff wfuf]_ af]s]/ sk8fa'Gg Jo:t b]lvG5g\ .

cNnf]df ;/sf/ / :yfgLo

;+3–;+:yfn] sl/a ! s/f]8 ?k}of“nufgL e};s]sf] 5 . Osf] lxdfn,b O:6 kmfpG8];g, hLljsf]kfh{gsfnflu jg sfo{qmd, l;lnr'ª Sna,;dfh ljsf; s]Gb|, dsfn' j?0f/fli6«o lgs'~h, ;fd'bflos jgpkef]Qmf ;d"x, jg sfof{no, 3/]n'tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldlt,lhlj;, uflj; / gu/kflnsfn]a;]{lg !) nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf cNnf];+/If0f / o;sf pBf]u ;~rfngdfcg'bfg lbO/x]sf 5g\ . Osf] lxdfnafnf / l;;'jf uflj;df jif{df @nfv ?k}of“ vr{ ub{} cfPsf] O{sf]lxdfnsf eLd e]6jfnn] hfgsf/LlbP . xfn;Dd Osf] lxdfnn] !)nfv ?k}of“ nufgL ul/;s]sf] 5 .

oxf“ @% j6f cNnf] cfl>tpBf]u ;~rflnt 5g\ . oL pBf]un]

dfl;s tna lbP/ # ;onfO{/f]huf/L lbPsf 5g\ . 3/]n' tyf;fgf ljsf; ;ldltn] a;]{lg cNnf]a'Gg] tflnd lb“b} cfPsf] 5 . o;/Ltflnd lng]sf] ;+Vof sl/a % ;o5 . oL ;a} cNnf] sk8f a'Gg] pBf]u;~rfng ub{} cfPsf 5g\ .

cNnf] Ps jif{] a'6\ofg xf] .of] !– @ ld6/ prfOsf] ePkl5sf6]/ Nofpg] / af]qmf lgsfn]/ kf6agfOG5 . o;/L sf6]kl5 k'gM /f]k0fgubf{ h+unaf6 of] dfl;g] qmddf5 . dsfn' a?0f /fli6«o lgs'~hIf]qdf of] dfl;g] qmddf /x]sf] 5 .o;sf] ;+/If0fdf Wofg glbPkl5dfl;g] qmd a9]sf] xf] . ;fd'bflos/ /fli6«o jgdf cNnf] ;+sngdf/f]s nufPkl5 tL jgdf kof{Kt/x] klg k|of]uljxLg ePsf / cGoqdfl;g] qmddf /x]sf] kfOG5 .clwsf+z uflj;df o;sf] /f]k0fePsf] 5}g . afnf / l;;'jfuflj;af;Lsf] d"n k];f g} cNnf]eP klg 3/ jl/kl/ dfl;Pkl5 !lbgsf] af6f] lx+8]/ h+un k'Ub} ;+sngug'{kl//x]sf] l8NnL s'n'ªn] atfOg\ .

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k|Zg M d @# jifL{o cljjflxto'js x'“ . d ?l6gcg';f/ b}lgs !306f Jofofd u5'{ / :j:y 5' . d/ d ]/L k | ] ldsfaLr b 'j }sf ];dembf/Ldf zf/Ll/s ;Dks{ e}/xG5/ of] dlxgfsf] b'O{ k6s;Dd x'G5 .d slxn]sfxL+ x:td}y'g klg u5'{ .zf/Ll/s ;Dks{sf] a]nfdf k|z:tkfs\qmL8fkl5 dfq ;Def]u sfo{ ;'?u5'{ . ;fy} ;Def]u/t 5“bf klxnf]k6s jLo{ :vng ePkl5 klg bf];|f]k6s jLo{:vng gx'“bf;Dd nuftf/;Def]u ul//xG5' . o;/L zf/Ll/s;Dks{ x'“bf d pgnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf;Gt'i6 kfg{ rfxG5' . pgsf] k|ltlqmofa'‰bf pgL k"0f{ ¿kdf ;Gt'i6 x'lG5g\,t/ h;/L x:td}y'gaf6 r/d;Ldfdfk'Ubfsf] If0fdf d}n] hlt cfgGbdx;'; u5{' ;Def]uaf6 r/d;Ldfdfk'Ubf Tolt cfgGb dx;'; ulb{g“ .o:tf] lsg ePsf] xf]nf <

– P=pQ/M tkfO{+ :j:y x'g'ePsf]

/ lgoldt Jofofd ug'{x'g] s'/fn]xfdLnfO{ v';L t'NofPsf] 5 . ljjfxug{ af“sL g} eP klg tkfO{+ /tkfO{+sf] ;fyLn] lgoldt of}g;'vk|fKt ul//xg'ePsf] s'/f klg kqdfpNn]v ug'{ePsf] 5 . tkfO{+n] b'O{jLo{:vngsf] aLrsf] ;dodflg/Gt/ of}g;Dks{ /fVg ;Sg'n]kSs} tkfO{+sL k|]ldsfnfO{ r/d;'vk|bfg ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] x'g'k5{,h'g s'/f tkfO{ +n] klg pNn]vug'{ePsf] 5 . :jfefljs ¿kdf g}k'?if tyf dlxnf r/d;'vsf]l:yltkl5 k'/fg} -pQ]lht gePsf]l:ylt_df kmls{G5, t/ k'?if /dlxnfdf s]xL cfwf/e"t leGgtfx ' G5g \ . dlxnfn ] PskN6s };Dks{df ax' r/d;'v k|fKt ug{;lS5g\ t/ k'?if eg] refractoryperiod df hfG5 . o; cjlwleqk'?ifnfO{ pQ]lht kfg{ ;ls“b}g .o;sf] ;dofjlw JolQmcg';f/km/s x'g;S5 .s] lgoldt of}g;Dks{ ug{ kfp“bf klgx:td}y'g ul/G5 <

dflg; lg/Gt/ cfk\mgf] ;'vk|flKtsf nflu nflukl//x]sf] x'G5 .k|To]s cj;/nfO{ p;n] o;sf nfluk|of]u u5{ . of}gsf ;Gbe{df klgof] nfu" gx'g] s'/} ePg . of}g;'vklg Ps tl/sfn] dfq k|fKt gu/Lo;df p;n] ljljwtf vf]h]sf] x'G5 .

k |foMh;f ] JolQmn] of }g–;Dks{af6 of}g;'v k|fKt ug'{eGbf

x:td}y'gaf6} of}g;'v k|fKt u/]sf]x'G5 . ljz]if u/]/ x:td}y'gk|ltgsf/fTds ;f]r gePsf] l:yltdfp;n] o;nfO{ cfk\mgf] of}g;'vsfnflu ;Sbf] pkof]u u5{ . x:td}y'gljz]if u/]/ cljjflxtsf nfluj/bfg g} xf ] eGg ;lsG5 .PsfGtdf cfkm"nfO{ kfos k/]sf];dodf ;do / wg vr{ gu/Lof}g;'v k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . csf]{Jo lQm ; +nUg x 'g 'kg ] { s 'g }cfjZostf gePsf] x'“bf o;df x'g];lhnf] t cfk\mg} 7fp“df 5 .

lszf]/fj:yfdf of}g;'v k|fKtug]{ k|ToIf of}g;Dks{ /fVg] cj;/k|fKt gx'“bf x:td}y'gsf] ;xf/f lng';fdfGo s'/f g} xf] . ;fdfGotMljjfx ePkl5 jf lgoldtof}g;Dks{ /fVg] cj;/ k|fKtePkl5 x:td}y'gsf] dfWodaf6of}g;'v k|fKt ug]{ s'/fdf s]xL sdLcfp“5, t/ o;sf] cy{ of] klgxf]Og ls ljjfx x'“b}df s'g} JolQmn]x:td}y'g ug{ ljNs'n} aGb u5{ .ljjflxt JolQmx¿ jf lgoldtof}g;Dks{ u/]/ of}g;'v k|fKt ug{;Sg ] Jo lQmn ] k lg lj leGgkl/l:ylt ljz]if u/L lgoldt ?kdfof}g;Dks{ /fVg gkfPsf] l:yltdfcfk \ mgf ] of }grfxgf k "/f ug{x:td}y'gsf] ;xf/f lnG5g\ / of]Psbd} ;fdfGo k|lqmof xf] .

s'g} JolQmn] lsg o;f] u5{g\eGg] k|Zg x'g;S5 . x:td}y'g ug]{sfo{df cEo:t ePkl5 sltkoJolQmn] s;/L cfkm" ;lhn} of}gr/d;'vsf] l:yltdf k'Ug] eGg] s'/fl;S5g\ / o;sf] af/Daf/ k|of]uug{ yfN5g\ . sltko JolQm ljjfxu/]kl5 klg of] 5f]6f] af6f] ckgfpgnfnflot x'G5g\ / o;}nfO{ lg/Gt/tflbG5g\ . ljjfxk"j{sf] l:yltdf eg]x:td}y'gnfO{ o;} sf/0fn] lg/Gt/tflbg' cfZro{ gx'g ;S5 .s] o;n] ;d:of knf{ <

;fdfGotM JolQmn] ljjfxu/]kl5 cfk\mgf] pQ/bfloTj k"/f ug{klg of}g;Dks{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbG5

g} . cfk\mgf] hf]8Lsf] of}g]R5f zfGtkfg{ s'g} cefj dx;'; ePsf] 5}g/ ck]Iffcg'¿k b'j} v';L 5g\eg]rflx“ vf;} gsf/fTds c;/ kb}{g,t/ s;}s;}nfO{ o;/L x:td}y'gsf]nt g} nfUg ;S5 / ;fdfGock]Iffcg'¿k cfk\mgf] of}ghf]8Lsf];DaGw sfod ug{ g} g;Sg]l:yltdf k'Ug ;S5 . of}g;Dks{ g}g/flvPkl5 / cGo s'g} k|ToIfsf/0f klg gePsf] l:yltdfj}jflxs ;DaGw jf cfTdLotfdf g}klg c;/ kg{ ;S5, t/ ;fdfGotofo:tf] l:ylt clt lj/n} dfq x'G5 .;dfwfg x'g;Snf <

tkfO{ + cfk\mgL k| ] ldsfsf]cfjZostfcg'¿k of}g;Dks{nfO{lg/Gt/tf lbP/ cfk\mgf] of}g;'vsfnflu rfx]cg';f/ x:td}y'g ug{;Sg'x'G5, t/ o;} qmddf k|]ldsfjf efjL kTgL;“usf] of}g;Dks{nfO{a]jf:tf gug{ ljz]if ;hu x'g'k5{ .o;sf nflu tkfO{+n] ljz]if k|of;ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

o:tf] l:yltnfO{ ;f“lRrs} sdug{ rfxg'x'G5 eg] tkfO{+x¿ b'j}hgf ldn]/ s;/L of}g cfgGb a9Llng ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fdf s'/fsfgLu/]/ ljleGg k|of]u ub}{ b'j} hgfnfO{cfgGbbfoL pkfosf] canDag ug{;Sg 'x ' G5 . tkfO { +n ] cfk \ mgLk|]ldsfnfO{ klg kfs\qmL8fsf qmddfg} tkfO{+sf] x:td}y'g ug]{ qmddf;+nUg u/fpg' csf]{ pkfo x'g;S5 .o;f] u/] pk]Iff u/]sf] h:tf] ge};xefuL agfObf ;xof]u k'U5 .o;af6 k|]ldsf;“usf] of}g;Dks{;fy;fy}sf] lqmofsnfksf ¿kdfPs;fy cl3 a9\g] eof] . cEo:tePkl5 o;nfO{ ;xh ¿kdf lng;lsG5 . of}g;DaGwnfO{ clxn]sf]h:t} ¿kdf lg/Gt/ hf/L /fVg;lsG5, /f]hfO tkfO{+s} xf] .

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/sf7df8f}+— cGt/f{li6«o o'jf

lbj;sf] cj;/df g]kfn kl/jf/lgof]hg ;+3 pkTosf zfvfsf]cfof]hgfdf o'jf tyf lszf]/lszf]/Lx¿sf nlfu k|hgg tyf of}g:jf:Yo -P8f]n]:s]G6 ;]S;'cnl/k|f ]8lS6e x]Ny–PP;cf/Pr_6\ofn]G6 sG6]:6 ;DkGg ePsf]5 . pQm k|ltof]lutfdf kl/jf/lgof]hg ;+3sf !# hgfsf ;fy}g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L, h]l;h,cfdfldng s]Gb|, gx'bf lSns, :6]kg]kfnsf u/]/ hDdf @) hgf dlxnfk|ltof]uLsf] ;xeflutf lyof] .

clGtd kf“r k|ltof]uLnfO{tkfO{+sf] kl/jf/df b'O{ jif{sL Pp6L5f]/L l5g\, tkfO{+sL ;f;" cfp“bf] jif{t'?Gt Pp6f gfltsf] d'v x]g]{ clt/x/ ub}{ x'g'x'G5, s] tkfO{+ ;f;"sf]/x/k|lt ;xdt x'g'x'G5 < olbx'g'x'Gg eg] lsg ;xdt x'g'x'Gg /tkfO+ { s;/L cfÎgL ;f;"nfO{;Demfpg'x'G5 < eGg] k|Zg ;f]lwPsf]lyof], h;dWo] kf6g o'jf ;"rgfs]Gb|sL ?ldl;+x dxh{gn] pko'QmpQ/ lbP/ ld; P;cf/Prsf] pkflwxfl;n ul/g\ . dxh{gn] pQ/ lbg]qmddf elgg\– …d d]/L ;f;"nfO{ljgd|tfk"j{s ;Demfp“b} eG5' ls d]/f]

b'O{ aRrfsf] aLrsf] cGt/ xfnpko'Qm 5}g / d}n] clxn] g} aRrfhGdfP“ d]/f] :jf:Yodf klg k|lts"nc;/ k5{ . To;}n] d}n] cem} tLg–rf/ jif{kZrft\ dfq csf]{ aRrfhGdfpg] lg0f{o u/]sL 5' .

To;}u/L n}lª\us ;dfgtfsf]pbfx/0f lb“b} 5f]/f / 5f]/L b'j}a/fa/ x'g\ eg]/ a'emfpg] k|oTgu5'{ .Ú dxh{gn] ld; nfOkml:snsf]pkf lw klg lhltg \ . pQmk|ltof]lutfdf o'y ;]G6/ km:6{/g/cksf] pkflw g]kfn /]8qm;;f];fO6L, eQmk'/sL s[i0fntf hf]zLn]xfl;n ul/g\ eg] ;]s]G8 /g/ckl;l4k'/ o'y ;]G6/sL lngf dxh{geOg \ . k | ltof ] lutfdf ld;kmf]6f]h]lgssf] pkflw vf]sgf o'y;]G6/sL b'uf{ nIdLn] k|fKt ul/g\ .

ld; lk/ Ph's]6/ -;fyL lzlIfsf_PG8 ld; rfld{ª s';'GtL of]y;]G6/sL k"hf sfsL{ eOg\ eg] ld;k|m]G8\nL eQmk'/ o'y OGkm/d];gkmf]/dsL /Ltf xf5]y" eOg\ .

;xefuLx¿nfO{ !% lbg;Ddk |hgg :jf:Yosf lji fodf;|f]tstf{x¿af6 tflnd pknAwu/fOPsf ] lyof ] . k | f/Dedfk|ltof]uLx¿n] kl/jf/ lgof]hg,;'/lIft ue{ktg, Pr=cfO{=eL= P8\;,n}lª\us lx+;f, nfu"kbfy{ b'Jo{;g,:tgkfg, dlxgfjf/L;DaGwL ;d:ofcflb ljifodf hfgsf/L lb“b} cfkm\gf]]kl/ro lbPsf lyP . kl/ro lbg]qmddf lbOPsf] ljifodf pTs[i6sf;fy k|:t't x'g] k|ltof]uLnfO { ;fyLlzlIfsf -ld; lk/ Ph's]6/_ pkflwk|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

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tn lbOPsf] lrqdf slt ;dfgx¿ n's]sf 5g\ <

;fKtflxs /+u e/ k|ltof]lutf – $

dfly lbOPsf] lrq d'gfnsf] xf] . c+u|]hLdf o;nfO{ 6«ofuf]kfgelgG5 . g]kfndf d'Vou/L dWo kxf8L IF]qdf kfOg] d'gfn ;'Gb/r/fx¿dWo] Ps xf] . g]kfndf d'gfnnfO{ ;+/lIFt r/fsf ?kdfdfGotf lbOPsf] 5 . 6fpsf]df sNsL x'g] efn] d'gfnsf] z/L/df /ftf], sfnf] tyf ;]tf] /+usf] afx'Notf x'G5 . 7fp“ / k|s[lt x]/Ld'gfnsf klg cg]s k|hfltx¿ kfOG5g\ .

lgodx¿ M!= of] k|ltof]lutfdf sIff % b]lv !) ;Ddsf efO–alxgLx¿n] efulng ;Sg]5g\ .@= k'/:s[t lrq ;fKtflxsdf k|ltof]uLsf] tl:a/;lxt k|sflzt x'g]5 .#= k|ltof]uLn] cfkm\gf] gfd, ljBfnosf] gfd, sIff, pd]/;lxt /+uLgtl:a/ klg k7fpg'kg]{5 .$= k'/:s[t lrqnfO{ ?= @ ;o ?k}of“ k'/:sf/ lbOg]5 .%= s'g} klg ljjfbdf ;Dkfbssf] lg0f{o clGtd dflgg]5 .

k|ltof]uLsf] gfd M

sIff M

ljBfnosf] gfd M

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h;g >]i7@)%^ ebf} !#

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z'e>L >]i7@)^) ebf} !)

tl:a/ / ljj/0f b'O{ ;ftfcufl8 cfOk'Ug'kg]{5.

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n's]sf ;dfgx¿ Ms'v'/f, ;'uf, nf6f]sf];]/f], k/]jf, xf; .

;fKtflxs /+u e/ k|ltof]lutf – %

lgodx¿ M!= of] k|ltof]lutfdf sIff % b]lv !) ;Ddsf efO–alxgLx¿n] efulng ;Sg]5g\ .@= k'/:s[t lrq ;fKtflxsdf k|ltof]uLsf] tl:a/;lxt k|sflzt x'g]5 .#= k|ltof]uLn] cfkm\gf] gfd, ljBfnosf] gfd, sIff, pd]/;lxt /+uLgtl:a/ klg k7fpg'kg]{5 .$= k'/:s[t lrqnfO{ ?= @ ;o ?k}of“ k'/:sf/ lbOg]5 .%= s'g} klg ljjfbdf ;Dkfbssf] lg0f{o clGtd dflgg]5 .

k|ltof]uLsf] gfd M

sIff M

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cfO{z e§/fO{@)^) ebf} *

hGdlbgsf] z'esfdgfr'/f]6 tTsfn 5f8f}+ k/LIf0fdf n;'g

z/L/df /x ]sf ]sf]nf]:6«f]nsf] dfqf 36fpg tyfZjf;k|Zjf; tGb'?:t agfpg;xof]u k'Ug] egL ljZjf;ul/Psf] sf“rf] n;'g pkof]uL;fljt x'g g;s]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] n;'gsf]pkof]lutf;DaGwL jf:tljstfkQf nufpg u/]sf] cWoogn]n;'g :jf:Yosf nflu pkof]uLl;4 x'g g;s]sf] kfOPsf] xf] .n;'gn] z/L/df /x]sf] sf]nf]:6«f]nsd ug]{ / Zjf;k|Zjf;nfO{tGb'?:t /fVg'sf cltl/QmXbo/f]u, SofG;/nufot cGo;+qmldt /f]u / nfdv'§]sf]6f]sfOaf6 arfpg pkof]uL x'g]ljZjf; lnOPsf] lyof], t/j}1flgs cg';Gwfgaf6 tL ;a}lg/y{s k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 .

dflg;sf] dlitis rnfv agfpg] d';fcd]l/sL j}1flgsx¿ kfgLd';fsf]

dl:tissf] lhgdf kl/jt{g u/L :d/0frSsL ljsf; ug{ nfluk/]sf 5g\ . d';fsf]lhgdf /x]sf] clj:d/0fLo zlQmnfO{ljsf; u/L :d/0f rSsL agfOg]j}1flgsx¿n] atfPsf 5g\ . klxnf]r/0fdf d';fsf] lhgaf6 rSsL agfpg]/ To;kl5 pQm rSsL dflg;nfO{ ;]jgu/fO{ To;af6 k/]sf] k|efjsf] k/LIf0f

ul/g]5 . o;n] :d/0fzlQm ¥xf; x'g] clNhdfOh/h:tf /f]usf] pkrf/df;xof]u k'Ug] ljZjf; j}1flgsx¿sf] 5 .

dw'd]x / dxcd]l/sfsf] ljslG;g ljZjljBfnosf Ps lrlsT;sn] dxsf] k|of]un]

dw'd]x / cN;/ /f]usf nflu ljiffQm kl/sf/af6 To:tf ljiffQm tŒjnfO{x6fpg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . pgn] cfkm\gf cfwf bh{geGbfa9L la/fdLnfO{ dxsf] y]/fkL ubf{ k|fKt ePsf] ;kmntfsf] cfwf/df;f] s'/f ;fj{hlgs u/]sf x'g\ . pgn] dw'd]x / cN;/sf sf/0f d/]sf]5fnfdf afSnf] u/L dx n]kg u/]/ ljiffn' hLjf0f' x6fpg] dx y]/fkL ub}{cfPsf 5g\ . dxdf /x]sf] Pl;8n] To; k|sf/sf ;"Id hLjf0f'x¿ dfg]{ /To:tf hLjf0f'x¿sf] k|j]zdf /f]syfd ug]{ ePsfn] To;f] x'g uPsf] xf] .

k|f0fLsf] x]g]{ Ifdtfx/]s hLjhGt'df x]g]{ Ifdtf

km/s–km/s x'G5 . dflg;sf]cf“vfn] b]Vg g;Sg] ;"o{ls/0fcN6«fEjfOn]6 / OGk|mf/]8nfO{ df}/Ln];lhn} b]Vg ;S5 . sltko k|f0fLdfx]g]{ Ifdtf t]lhnf] x'G5, h;n] lgs}6f9faf6 klg ;"Id j:t'nfO{ ;lhn}b]Vg ;S5 . r/fdWo] ;a}eGbf t]lhnf]x]g]{ Ifdtf afhdf x'G5 . afhn] ! xhf/ld6/ 6f9faf6 s'g} 7fp“df a;]sf]e“u]/fnfO{ ;lhn} b]Vg ;S5 . afhn] pl8/x]sf avtdf ! xhf/ ;o ld6/ 6f9faf6 klg b]Vg ;S5 .

! ;o ld6/sf] b"/Lsf cfwf/df dflg;n] x]g]{ zlQmnfO{ cGok|f0fL;“u t'ngf ug]{ xf] eg] dflg;sf] cf“vfn] ;o ld6/sf] b"/Laf6! bzdnj ^% ;]lG6ld6/ Jof; ePsf] j:t'nfO{ b]Vg ;S5 .afhn] ! xhf/ ^ ;o ld6/dfly cfsfzsf] b"/Laf6 hldgdf/x]sf] d';f]nfO{ :ki6 b]Vg ;S5 . dflg;sf cf“vfdf Ps–Psj6fdfq n]G; x'G5g\, hals 8«Øfugk\mnfO{ gfds sL/fsf b'O{j6fcf“vfn] b;f}+ xhf/ n]G; x'G5 . To;}n] o;n] hldgjl/kl/ x'g];fgf]eGbf ;fgf] kl/jt{gnfO{ 7Dofpg ;S5 / vt/f x'g]lalQs}pl8xfN5 . o;}u/L efOk/ ¥of6n :g]s / x]8 :g]ssf] cf“vfsf]b'li6 sdhf]/ x'G5 . logsf] cf“vfsf] aLrdf ;fgf] Kjfn x'G5,ToxL Kjfnsf] d2tn] o:tf ;k{sf] cf“vfdf OGk|m/]8 lrq aGgk'U5 / To;s} cfwf/df ;k{n] l;sf/ kqmG5 .

!% s/f]8 jif{ k'/fgf] 8fOgf];/ch]{lG6gfdf !% s/f]8 jif{

k'/fgf] df;' vfg] b'O{v'§] 8fOgf];/sf]cjz]if xfn} pTvgg u/L lgsflnPsf]5 . @# lkm6 cUnf] ;ft lkm6 nfdf]pQm 8fOgf];/sf] cjz]if kfOg'nfO{pTvgg sfo {d f ; +nUg e " –ue{j ]Qfx¿n] dxŒjk "0f { 36gfatfPsf 5g\ . blIf0fL ch]{lG6gfdf Ps hd{g 8fOgf];/ ljz]if1sf]d2tn] Ps jif{cl3b]lv g} pTvgg sfo{ ul/“bf 8fOgf];/sf] cjz]if km]nfk/]sf xf] . pQm cjz]ifnfO{ qm]gsf] d2tn] aflx/ lgsflnPsf] lyof] .

;d'b|L cf“wLaf6 aRghfkfgsf j}1flgsx¿n]

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