SAMPLE OF ORGANIZATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEALS

ACF

ACTED

ADRA

Afghanaid

AVSI

CARE

CARITAS

CONCERN

COOPI

CRS

CWS

DRC

FAO

GOAL

GTZ

Handicap International

HELP

HelpAge International

Humedica

IMC

INTERSOS

IOM

IRC

IRIN

Islamic Relief Worldwide

LWF

MACCA

Malteser

Medair

Mercy Corps

MERLIN

NPA

NRC

OCHA

OHCHR

OXFAM

Première Urgence

Save the Children

Solidarités

TEARFUND

Terre des Hommes

UNAIDS

UNDP

UNDSS

UNESCO

UNFPA

UN-HABITAT

UNHCR

UNICEF

WFP

WHO

World Vision International

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................. 1

Table I. Summary of Requirements – per Cluster .................................................................... 3 Table II. Summary of Requirements – per Organisation ........................................................... 3

2. CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES.................................................................. 4

2.1 CONTEXT AND RESPONSE TO DATE ............................................................................................ 4 2.2 HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES AND ANALYSIS OF NEEDS.......................................................... 6

2.2.1 Agriculture............................................................................................................................ 7 2.2.2 Early Recovery .................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.3 Food..................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.4 Health .................................................................................................................................. 8 2.2.5 Nutrition ............................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.6 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene............................................................................................ 9

2.3 SCENARIOS ............................................................................................................................. 10

3. CLUSTER RESPONSE PLANS ................................................................................................... 11

3.1 AGRICULTURE.......................................................................................................................... 12 3.2 EARLY RECOVERY ................................................................................................................... 13 3.3 FOOD ...................................................................................................................................... 14 3.4 HEALTH................................................................................................................................... 15 3.5 NUTRITION............................................................................................................................... 16 3.6 WATER, HYGIENE AND SANITATION........................................................................................... 17

4. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES............................................................................................... 18

ANNEX I. LIST OF PROJECTS (WITH HYPERLINKS TO OPEN FULL PROJECT DETAILS) . 19

ANNEX II. INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES: GUATEMALA FOOD CRISIS UPDATE.................................................. 19

ANNEX III. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................... 25

Please note that appeals are revised regularly. The latest version of this document is available

on http://www.humanitarianappeal.net.

Full project details can be viewed, downloaded and printed from www.reliefweb.int/fts.

E L S A L V A D O R

M E X I C O

H O N D U R A S

B E L I Z E

G U A T E M A L AALTA V ERAPAZ

QU ICHE

HU EHUE TENA NGO

PETEN

ESCUINTLA

SANTA ROSA

JU TIAPA

SUCHITEPEQU EZ

RETALHULEHU SACATEPEQUEZ

JA LA PA

SOLOLAGU ATEMA LA

ZACA PA

CHIQUIMU LA

ELPROGRESO

BA JA V ERA PA ZSAN M ARCOS

IZA BA L

Monjas

Atescatempa

Soloma

ChajulSan Pedro Carchá

Cunen

CubulcoSan Sebastián

San Juan

Puerto SantoTomás de Castilla

El EstorMorales

Los Amates

Paixban

Recreo

Piedras Negras La Pava Nueva

Santa Teresa

Santa Marta

El Prado

SantoDomingo

Tuilá

Yaloch

Jesus Maria

San JoséPoaquil

ComalapaPatzún

Amatitlán

Champerico

GuazacapánObero

San José

Esquipulas

San Cristóbal Verapaz

Rabinal

El Achiotal

Gualán

Lívingston

JoyabajChichicastenango

TecunUman

San Jerónimo

Santa Catarina PinulaCiudad Vieja

PatululRío Bravo

PuebloNuevo

Tiquisate

Taxisco

La Barrita

San Vicente

Macuelizo

Comitan

Tenosique

EmilianoZapata

Balancan

Ahuachapán

Motozintla

Usulután

La Libertad Zacatecoluca Jucuapa

Acajutla Chapeltique

SonsonateCojutepeque

ArmeniaCiudadBarrios

ApopaQuezaltepeque

Naranjito

Santa Rosa

Santa AnaChalchuapa

Nueva San Salvador

Ilobasco

Chalatenango

Stann Creek Town

Belize City

GUATEMALA

SAN SALVADOR

BELMOPAN

Zacapa

Huehuetenango

Flores

QuezQuezaltenango Sololá

Retalhuleu Mazatenango

EscuintlaCuilapa

ChiquimulaJalapa

Jutiapa

Cobán

Salamá

PuertoBarrios

SanMarcos

Guastatoya

Santa Cruzdel Quiché

AntiguaChimaltenango

Totonicapán

Bahía deAmatique

Sarstún

San Pedro

Lago PeténItzá

Belize

Polochic Motagua

Cahabón

Laca

ntún

Pasión

Ixcá

nUsumacinta

Jataté

Lago deIzabal

Gulfof

Honduras

Motagua

Negro

Presa de laAngostura

Cuilco

Such

iate

PacificOcean

0 10050

km

Legend

International boundary

First admin. level boundary

National capital

First admin. level capital

Populated place

Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area orof its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Map data sources: CGIAR, United Nations Cartographic Section, ESRI, Europa Technologies, GEBCO.

200 - 400400 - 600600 - 800

800 - 1,0001,000 - 1,5001,500 - 2,0002,000 - 2,5002,500 - 3,0003,000 - 4,0004,000 - 5,000

5,000 and above

Below sea level0 - 200

Elevation (meters)

GUATEMALA - Reference Map

iv

G U A T E M A L A

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Guatemala is currently in the grip of a protracted food insecurity crisis, which has particularly affected the approximately 2.7 million people living in the country’s so-called Dry Corridor (and neighbouring departments). Global acute malnutrition among children under five in the Dry Corridor and two neighbouring provinces is 11%, and among women of child-bearing age 13%, both above the emergency threshold of 10%. This crisis stems from a combination of factors, above all, its vulnerability to changes in global markets and to climate-related events.1 In 2009 Guatemala was severely affected by atypical rainfall patterns brought on by the El Niño weather phenomenon, which caused high losses in hillside and subsistence agricultural production. Furthermore, the impact of the world economic crisis in combination with continuously high food prices, a decrease in remittances, cost increases for agricultural inputs and a decrease in employment opportunities for unqualified labour, have resulted in poorer populations suffering from decreased capacities to access food and basic services. Due to lower yields of basic grain crops, household food reserves have been reduced or depleted sooner than normal. For the second consecutive year, the annual period of food shortage has started in February, three months sooner than usual. The El Niño phenomenon is forecast to further delay the rainy season, with extreme temperatures aggravating the situation. Additionally, the season of high demand for unqualified labour ends in the first quarter of 2010, which will reduce options for generating income for food purchases and access to basic services. This situation of food insecurity is worsening what is already one of the highest rates of chronic malnutrition in the world (affecting 43% of children below five years of age).2 The rise in acute malnutrition, including clinical cases of kwashiorkor and marasmus, has particularly affected the Dry Corridor in the east and centre of the country.3 The Dry Corridor encompasses the departments of Baja Verapaz, Jalapa, Jutiapa, El Progreso, Chiquimula, Santa Rosa, and Zacapa.

Guatemala Food Insecurity and Acute Malnutrition Appeal: key parameters

Duration March - August 2010

Key milestones in 2010

Planting seasons: March- June and August- September

Harvest season: January- March

Rainy season: May- November

Target beneficiaries 136,000 families

Total funding requested

Funding requested per beneficiary

$34,193,050 $50  

To address this situation and other concurring emergencies, the Guatemalan Government declared a State of Public Calamity on 8 September 2009, and has since spent US$17.5 million4 in immediate food and humanitarian aid. This emergency appeal seeks a total of $34,193,050 for projects targeting the Dry Corridor and the two neighbouring departments of Izabal and Quiché, addressing the sectors of food, health, nutrition, agriculture, early recovery, and water-sanitation-hygiene. Projects in these sectors will support and complement national humanitarian efforts over a planning and budgeting horizon of six months, benefiting approximately 136,000 families (roughly 680,000 individuals). Projects included in this appeal have been planned and budgeted in consultation with the Guatemalan Government and with the in-country Humanitarian Network (a group comprised of both NGO and UN partners.) The coordination with different governmental authorities has ensured necessary links between emergency response, recovery, and long-term development programmes and objectives.

                                                            1 Guatemala is one of the ten countries in the world with the highest vulnerability to climate change according to the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction’s (UNISDR) Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction, 2009, which was presented to the United Nations at the XV. International Conference on Climate Change, Copenhagen, December 2009. 2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Ministry of Public Health and Welfare (MSPAS), the National Statistics Institute (INE), National Survey of Maternal and Child Health (ENSMI), 2009 3 For example, since August 2009 the number of cases of severe acute malnutrition have tripled in the province of Jalapa, compared to the previous year. MSPAS, Situation Reports, 2009 4 All dollar signs in this document denote United States dollars. Funding for this appeal should be reported to the Financial Tracking Service.

1

G U A T E M A L A

(This appeal shares characteristics of both a flash appeal and consolidated appeal: it is a slow-onset but new situation needing an acute response (which may prove to be relatively short-term), yet it has been developed after a period of analysis and inclusive joint planning.) Basic humanitarian and development facts about Guatemala

Most recent data

Population 2010: 14,361,666 individuals (Instituto Nacional de Estadística or INE projections)

GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)

$2,680 (World Bank: Key Development Data & Statistics 2008) Economic status

Percentage of population living on less than $1 per day

21.5% (MDG Report, 2006)

Adult mortality

284/1,000 male 163/1,000 female 222/1,000 both sexes (World Health Organization or WHO: core indicators)

Maternal mortality 290/100,000 live births (UNICEF: Childinfo statistical tables)

Under-five mortality m/f 45/1,000 (National Survey of Maternal and Child Health or ENSMI 2008-9 )

Life expectancy 70.2 years (Centro Latinoamericano de demografía or CELADE)

Number of health workforce (physicians+nurses+midwives) per 10,000 population

50/10,000 (WHO: Core indicators)

Health

Measles immunization coverage among one-year-olds

Rural: 83.4% Urban: 86% (WHO: Core indicators)

Prevalence of chronic malnutrition 43% (ENSMI 2008-9)

Food & Nutrition Food security indicator

14.6 (“serious”) (The International Food Policy Research Institute or IFPRI Global Hunger Index)

WASH5Proportion of population without sustainable access to an improved drinking water source

47% (MDG Report, 2006)

European Commission Humanitarian Aid or ECHO Vulnerability and Crisis Index score

Vulnerability: 2, rounded from 1.56 Crisis: 2 (out of a scale from 0-3.) (Source: ECHO Global Needs Assessment or GNA 2008-2009)

UNDP Human Development Index score

0.704, 122nd of 182 countries (Medium Human Development)

Other vulnerability indices

Inter-Agency Standing Committee Early Warning - Early Action rating Priority 3, Yellow

                                                            5 WASH: water, sanitation and hygiene.

2

G U A T E M A L A

Table I. Summary of requirements (grouped by Cluster)  

Table II. Summary of requirements (grouped by appealing organization)

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organization.

Table I: Summary of requirements (grouped by cluster) Guatemala Food Security Appeal 2010

as of 2 March 2010 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Original Requirements (US$)

Cluster

5,542,000 AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODS

2,354,000 EARLY RECOVERY

13,928,555 FOOD

5,691,695 HEALTH

4,280,000 NUTRITION

2,396,800 WASH

Grand Total 34,193,050

Table II: Summary of requirements (grouped by appealing organization) Guatemala Food Security Appeal 2010

as of 2 March 2010 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organization.

Appealing Organisation Original Requirements (US$)

429,000 CISP

5,542,000 FAO

2,652,029 PAHO (WHO)

401,026 Plan

409,640 SC - US

2,354,000 UNDP

1,800,000 UNFPA

6,676,800 UNICEF

13,928,555 WFP

34,193,050 Grand Total

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 2 March 2010. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

3

G U A T E M A L A

2. CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES

2.1 CONTEXT AND RESPONSE TO DATE

Due to a combination of worsening climatic, economic and sanitation-related factors, food and nutrition security indicators have steadily worsened in Guatemala over the last few years, giving rise to a greater number of cases of acute malnutrition among women and children under five, especially in the Dry Corridor.6

Department Population

Baja Verapaz 215,915

Chiquimula 302,485

El Progreso 139,490

Jalapa 242,926

Jutiapa 389,085

Santa Rosa 301,370

Dry Corridor

Zacapa 200,167

Sub-total Dry Corridor 1,791,438

Izabal 314,306 Neighbouring departments also assessed as affected by food insecurity Quiché 655,510

Grand total (Dry Corridor and neighbouring departments) 2,761,254

Source: XI Censo Nacional de Población y VI de Habitación (CENSO 2002)

Results from the October 2009 assessment carried out by the Guatemalan Humanitarian Network in the Dry Corridor, and the assessment in November/December 2009 by the World Food Program (WFP) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in two neighbouring departments, indicate the following: • A rate of 11% of acute malnutrition in children under five (0.9% being the national rate)7 • A rate of 13% of acute malnutrition in women of childbearing age • As of January 2010, 77.5% of households in the Dry Corridor, including those at the highest risk

of food insecurity, have depleted their food reserves • 77% of families depend on agriculture for their livelihoods, household staple foods being corn

(cultivated by 95%) and beans (cultivated by 88%) • Subsistence farmers have reported crop losses of 50-100% for corn, beans, sorghum and

yucca, limiting food availability to the region Due to low income and limited income generation opportunities, the vast majority of households in the Dry Corridor will continue to face high levels of food insecurity in the coming months. In general, acute malnutrition is a more frequent and severe problem in the eastern provinces of the country, especially in the Dry Corridor, while chronic malnutrition is more prevalent in the western regions of the country. Chronic child malnutrition results from protracted food insecurity in vulnerable homes, in particular those repeatedly affected by adverse natural events. In 2008-2009, the prevalence of chronic malnutrition among children under five was 43.4% – the highest rate in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the fourth highest in the world.

                                                            6 Mesoamerican Food Security Warning System (MFEWS), Guatemala, Food Security perspective, September 2009 to March 2010. 7 Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was used.

4

G U A T E M A L A

Drought in the second half of 2009 was essentially due to a reduction in rainfall combined with higher-than-average temperatures. 2009 saw only 33% of the usual rainfall seen in previous years, whilst the annual average temperature has been recorded at 34ºC up from 21ºC. Increased temperatures, and the increased use of water from sources such as wells and streams, is accelerating the drying-up of many of these water sources. In November 2009, the Joint Crop and Food Security Assessment Mission by FAO and WFP confirmed that population groups most affected by the drought are small subsistence farmers. While Guatemala has an acceptable national level of food production and thus food availability, poorer families face a serious lack of physical and economic access to food, in particular as prices for staple foods such as corn and beans have increased dramatically between July 2006 and July 2009 (43% and 58%, respectively).

Drought in the second half of 2009 was essentially due to a reduction in rainfall combined with higher-than-average temperatures. 2009 saw only 33% of the usual rainfall seen in previous years, whilst the annual average temperature has been recorded at 34ºC up from 21ºC. Increased temperatures, and the increased use of water from sources such as wells and streams, is accelerating the drying-up of many of these water sources. In November 2009, the Joint Crop and Food Security Assessment Mission by FAO and WFP confirmed that population groups most affected by the drought are small subsistence farmers. While Guatemala has an acceptable national level of food production and thus food availability, poorer families face a serious lack of physical and economic access to food, in particular as prices for staple foods such as corn and beans have increased dramatically between July 2006 and July 2009 (43% and 58%, respectively). In terms of livelihood strategies, both basic grain farmers in the Dry Corridor and subsistence farmers have limited alternatives for income and food generation. Both groups rely mainly on farming, either as small producers or as day labourers. As of now, these households do not have food reserves and will have to wait until the next harvest season (around August 2010) to have access to their own food production. Alternative income generation activities, mainly day labour, are unstable and unreliable, as there is insufficient demand for labour. In addition, remittances have decreased drastically.

In terms of livelihood strategies, both basic grain farmers in the Dry Corridor and subsistence farmers have limited alternatives for income and food generation. Both groups rely mainly on farming, either as small producers or as day labourers. As of now, these households do not have food reserves and will have to wait until the next harvest season (around August 2010) to have access to their own food production. Alternative income generation activities, mainly day labour, are unstable and unreliable, as there is insufficient demand for labour. In addition, remittances have decreased drastically.

In response to the State of Public Calamity declared on 8 September 2009 by the Guatemalan President, the Government sought $100 million from the international community. The in-country Humanitarian Team initiated complementary actions to respond to the food and nutritional insecurity emergency by obtaining $5 million in rapid response grants from the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF). These funds supported life-saving activities during a three-month period in late 2009.

In response to the State of Public Calamity declared on 8 September 2009 by the Guatemalan President, the Government sought $100 million from the international community. The in-country Humanitarian Team initiated complementary actions to respond to the food and nutritional insecurity emergency by obtaining $5 million in rapid response grants from the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF). These funds supported life-saving activities during a three-month period in late 2009. To date, the Guatemalan Government has allocated $17.5 million for relief response, while the international community has committed approximately $27 million through financial, food and technical assistance contributions (a response to the Government’s appeal for $100 million). Food assistance programmes have been implemented by the Government, the international community, and the private sector for the general population, with food distribution as well as conditional distribution to community and household activities for livelihood recovery.8 Due to the high impact of acute malnutrition in the higher-risk areas, the Guatemalan Government has extended the State of Public Calamity through March 2010. However, given the extent of needs, the situation is likely to remain serious beyond that date.

Due to the high impact of acute malnutrition in the higher-risk areas, the Guatemalan Government has extended the State of Public Calamity through March 2010. However, given the extent of needs, the situation is likely to remain serious beyond that date.

                                                            8 Additionally, the European Union has channeled 11 million euros through the FAO/WFP Food Facility Project (signed in July 2009) and another 4.9 million euros were channeled to NGOs since January 2010. As part of humanitarian aid from the EU, ECHO approved a funding decision for 1.3 millon euros for this emergency (pending confirmation on implementing institutions and projects to be financed.) Other contributions may exist which have not been reported to the humanitarian Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts

Additionally, the European Union has channeled 11 million euros through the FAO/WFP Food Facility Project (signed in July 2009) and another 4.9 million euros were channeled to NGOs since January 2010. As part of humanitarian aid from the EU, ECHO approved a funding decision for 1.3 millon euros for this emergency (pending confirmation on implementing institutions and projects to be financed.) Other contributions may exist which have not been reported to the humanitarian Financial Tracking Service (

G U A T E M A L A

To date, the Guatemalan Government has allocated $17.5 million for relief response, while the international community has committed approximately $27 million through financial, food and technical assistance contributions (a response to the Government’s appeal for $100 million). Food assistance programmes have been implemented by the Government, the international community, and the private sector for the general population, with food distribution as well as conditional distribution to community and household activities for livelihood recovery.8

5

                                                            8

www.reliefweb.int/fts).

5

G U A T E M A L A

2.2 HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES AND NEEDS ANALYSIS

Cluster Number of beneficiaries

being supported by the Red Cross Movement (2009-

2010)

Number of beneficiaries being supported by the

Government (2009-2010)

Number of beneficiaries to be supported through this appeal, March-Sept. 2010

Agriculture

In 2009, the Crops Rehabilitation Program, in 21 Communities in Izabal, Jalapa and Chiquimula assisted a total of 2,053 families

• In 2009, the Ministry of Agriculture (MAGA) supported 56,000 families with access to seeds for the production of basic grains, seeds for diversified vegetable production, technology and inputs for livestock production.• In 2009, the Fertilizer Program from PRORURAL: supported 56,000 families

• 24,000 farming families benefit from increased access to seeds and inputs and technology for the production of basic grains • 24,000 farming families benefit from diversified vegetable production • 48,000 farming families have restored and/or increased small livestock productions • 12,000 farming families benefit from immediate income generation activities

Early Recovery

In 2009, the Recovery and Alternative Livelihoods Program in 21 Communities in Izabal, Jalapa and Chiquimula, assisted a total of 2,053 families

Conditional cash transfer (economic recovery) for 98,564 families in the "Dry Corridor."

Affected populations and local governments

Food

• The government has delivered food assistance for over 50,000 families in the country with ‘Food Bags’, until December 2009. • In 2010, the Government has started to deliver food aid, assisting 54,000 families in the Dry Corridor.

235,000 people

Health

In 2009, the Community Health Program in 21 Communities in Izabal, Jalapa and Chiquimula, assisted a total of 2,053 families.

• MOH for surveillance system and provisional health services • In 2009, the Government’s Social Cohesion Program Mi Familia Progresa: 477,746 families, 485,214 children under five years attending health services.

201,853 people

Nutrition

14,615 children with nutritional status evaluated in Chimaltenango, Santa Rosa, Jutiapa, Jalapa y Alta Verapaz. CERF funds channeled from the UN were used to support these children to improve their nutritional status.

400,000 people

WASH

In 2009, the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion Program, in 21 Communities in Izabal, Jalapa and Chiquimula, assisted a total of 2,053 families.

6,000 families assisted through the CERF in coordination with water and sanitation local authorities and national stakeholders.

250,000 people

 

 

6

G U A T E M A L A

2.2.1 Agriculture The corn and bean production of subsistence farmers in the Dry Corridor in the 2009/2010 farming season will not be enough to cover their basic food needs as of February 2010. Families will have to resort to the market to cover food needs long before it is usually necessary. Meanwhile, relatively high basic grain (corn and bean) prices, income reductions due to falling cash crop prices, the marginal soil conditions for these producers and a drastic reduction in remittances, result in a dramatic reduction of food access for the most vulnerable populations. Corn is the main crop in the affected region, cultivated by nearly all households, while beans are produced by more than 80% of households. For small and medium producers, day labour in rural activities and food production is the most important source of food and income and the only source of employment. This pattern has been affected specifically and structurally by the severe climate events of 2008, particularly by Tropical Depression 16, and by the erratic rainfall pattern of 2009.9 These disruptions affected the availability of agricultural inputs (basic grain seeds and fertilizers), production of and access to basic grains and animal protein, and the demand for rural labour. An immediate intervention is necessary, in coordination with the government efforts to support 136,000 affected families cultivating about 50,000 hectares. Some 8,000 families already are been assisted through the EU Facility contribution and other 4,800 with maize production projects and other income-generating activities. Preliminary reports indicate that in the Dry Corridor, there are some areas with about 80% of crop losses, while other specific areas are reported losses between 50 and 100%. 2.2.2 Early Recovery  

To date, means of subsistence and the capacity to access foods are limited and future scenarios point to a further aggravation of the problem. According to the Mesoamerican Food Security Warning System (MFEWS), income generation perspectives over the next seven months are not encouraging, as the season of demand for unqualified labour in the agro-industrial sector ends in March. Consequently, rural workers will see an even greater reduction in employment opportunities. As such, it is essential to provide households with mechanisms for immediate access to funds, in order to recover livelihoods and incorporate them into agriculturally productive cycles. Limited options in income generation activities significantly limit economic access to food, as well as the availability of resources to afford land rental costs and to purchase first-rate agricultural inputs. At the same time, institutional and community weaknesses to anticipate and respond to such circumstances have been evident. The result of these weaknesses is that municipalities lack tools to efficiently guide emergency and early recovery processes. In order to confront these circumstances, it is imperative to initiate projects that will reduce the human suffering and the loss of human lives among the most vulnerable population. With this in mind, the early recovery activities proposed will enable the restoration of means of subsistence and access to foods, contributing to a transition from an emergency phase to an early recovery phase. 2.2.3 Food Food insecurity levels have worsened in the affected areas due to the accumulated effects of Tropical Depression 16 in 2008, the recent drought, and the current world economic crisis which has led to a drastic decrease in remittances. A rapid assessment conducted in October in nine departments and 75 municipalities indicated that 77% of households had two months’ worth of food reserves to cover basic food needs, meaning they were depleted by December 2009.

                                                            9 The effects of Tropical Depression 16 led to a Flash Appeal for Honduras in October 2008 for $17 million.

7

G U A T E M A L A

According to this assessment, WFP estimates that at least 136,000 families are food-insecure and require emergency assistance. Of these, the Guatemalan government can assist approximately 54,000 families, United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Single Year Action Plan (SYAP) assists 27,000 families, and the WFP-EU Food Facility assists 8,000. This leaves approximately 47,000 families (235,000 individuals) who are currently not covered by assistance programs, and who will require food assistance in the next six months. These conditions demonstrate that, given the indicators determined in the case of subsistence farmers, once food aid is suspended the situation for these households will become critical. Affected families need to be assisted in the coming months through a combination of generalized food distribution (GFD) complemented, as part of early recovery, by food-for-work activities geared toward re-establishing agricultural production and livelihoods. Further, in order to prevent greater deterioration of health and nutritional status of high-risk groups, including pregnant and breastfeeding women and children under five, nutritional needs must be covered through complementary foods containing micronutrient supplements, accompanied by weight monitoring and nutritional education. 2.2.4 Health Malnutrition is the main health problem deriving from the drought, affecting in particular children under five, women of childbearing age, and pregnant or lactating women. Malnutrition is also associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. During the month of July 2009, there was a noticeable increase in the number of children hospitalized with symptoms of acute malnutrition and health complications. The main causes of morbidity associated with malnutrition were: coughs, colds, fever and diarrhoea. Whether or not medical assistance was sought was dependent upon the perceived gravity of the illness. Respiratory illnesses most frequently motivated families to seek medical assistance. It should be highlighted that the main reasons reported for not seeking medical attention for ill children were lack of money (33%) and the lack of nearby health services (26%). The rapid assessment also showed that 13.4% of women suffered from acute malnutrition, with an evident correlation between the number of children and the level of malnutrition: women with more children had a higher level of malnutrition. According to the 2008 ENSMI, Guatemala has a relatively high rate of fertility, 3.6 children per woman, while among rural populations it is 4.2 (the global rate of fertility is 2.56).10 This, in conjunction with an above-average annual population growth of 2.5% (the average growth rate for Central America is 1.2%)11, results in basic health and education services not being able to meet the increasing demand. The 2009 ENSMI demonstrates important progress in terms of access to family planning services, though it also shows that many challenges persist, evidenced by existing inequalities. The overall proportion of women who wish to plan their pregnancies or control how many children they will have, and yet do not have access to family planning, is 20.8%, while it is 25.4% in rural areas and 29.6% among indigenous women. The nationwide use of family planning methods is still only 54.1%. 2.2.5 Nutrition  

The rapid assessment carried out by the Humanitarian Network in October of 2009 revealed acute malnutrition problems, as 11% of the 1,247 children under five evaluated through the MUAC tape showed acute malnutrition (5% severe and 6% moderate – see table below), while 173 out of 1,333 women (13%) were affected by malnutrition. Assessment in the highlands of Guatemala indicated that 5% of the assessed population has acute malnutrition, less than in the Dry Corridor but still much                                                             10 Source: UNFPA State of World Population 2009 11 Ibid

8

G U A T E M A L A

higher than the national rate for the weight/height indicator, associated with 78% of families classified as food-insecure. The following table demonstrates the nutritional state of children by age group in the Dry Corridor and the departments of Quiché and Izabal in October 2009.

Nutritional Status Age Category

(months) Severe Acute Malnutrition

Moderate Acute Malnutrition

Without Malnutrition Total

13 18 154 185 6 to 11

7% 9.7% 83.2% 100% 22 35 329 386

12 to 23 5.7% 9.1% 85.2% 100%

16 18 258 292 24 to 35

5.5% 6.2% 88.4% 100% 11 4 369 384

36 or older 2.9% 1% 96.1% 100%

62 75 1,110 1,247 TOTAL

5% 6% 89% 100% In this context, it is urgent to carry out an active and immediate screening of all of the affected communities in order to detect and treat cases of malnutrition in women and children, and to avoid the loss of lives. Through these actions, technical support will be provided, as well as resources to detect, treat, and follow-up on moderate and severe acute malnutrition cases at community level. The Ministry of Public Health and Welfare (MSPAS) has developed protocols for implementing nutritional treatment and care of children. The nutrition cluster will coordinate with the food security cluster so that families with acutely malnourished children can also receive food rations. 2.2.6 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene For the populations in the region of the Dry Corridor, the availability of water is of vital importance. In many of these areas, water scarcity has reached critical levels. The drought in the second half of 2009 was essentially due to a reduction in rainfall combined with higher–than-average temperatures. 2009 saw only 33% of the usual rainfall seen in previous years. The annual average temperature is 21ºC, while currently the average is 34ºC, accelerating the drying of many water sources. This also means that water extraction and pumping is more expensive and requires more time. Beyond water scarcity, water quality has also deteriorated. The quality of water in wells (the few of them that remain useful) is not safe for drinking, posing a higher risk for people’s health. Ensuring that the few wells that are still operational provide safe water has therefore been identified as a priority. For instance, water from various sources is increasingly contaminated with faecal remains, making it unsafe for human consumption. As an example, the province of Jalapa has registered an increase in water-related diseases by as much as 20%. The distances people must travel to obtain water is causing increasing numbers of families to drink contaminated water from nearby rivers, springs or ponds. Some of the provinces most affected by the drought (Zacapa and Chiquimula) show water scarcity as the most critical problem, as their rivers are at risk of drying in the coming years.

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2.3 SCENARIOS Most likely scenario • The end of the season of high demand for unskilled labour in much of the country will reduce

income generation options for the purchase of food. • Because the yields of staple cereal crops last year were lower, we would expect subsistence

reserves of households to also be reduced, and depleted earlier than normal. This will cause the annual hunger season, which normally begins in March/April, and forces the poorest population to depend on the purchase of food, this season has started before March for the second consecutive year.

• Once the income of these households is reduced at the end of the sugarcane harvest and the harvest of other agricultural exports, these households will struggle to buy food, causing deterioration in their food security.

• The forecast of a continued El Niño until May or June may cause an irregular start of the rainy season in April/May, with deficient rainfall periods. This is important because the onset of rains leads to the first planting of staple cereals throughout the country by large numbers of subsistence farmers who do not have irrigation systems.

Worst-case scenario • If no actions are taken to improve availability of food and agricultural inputs at home level in the

most vulnerable populations, families who are moderately food-insecure will slip into severe food insecurity and the caseload of acute malnutrition cases will increase, along with the high mortality risk this implies particularly for children under five.

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3. CLUSTER RESPONSE PLANS

The effects of food and nutritional insecurity have not been totally mitigated by the humanitarian response actions implemented to date by the Government and international actors; challenges continue to be quite extensive, and gaps in key sectors persist. The short-term outlook is critical, with high-risk communities likely to be rendered even more vulnerable during the dry season in Guatemala, usually August to September. This emergency appeal targets the Dry Corridor and the two neighbouring departments of Izabal and Quiché, addressing the main affected sectors: food, health, nutrition, agriculture, early recovery, and water and sanitation, and hygiene. Assessment data from the western area of the country indicates that the situation is not so critical yet, with an average of 5% global acute malnutrition being reported. However, it is important to highlight that more than 60% of the poor population in this area are food-insecure and have exhausted their food reserves. This could trigger problems in the coming months. One of the strategic priorities of this appeal is to ensure the first harvest of basic grains for the entire country, in order to avoid an even greater deficiency of these grains in the poorest homes. It is also necessary to prioritize timely delivery of agricultural inputs, such as diverse seeds, adequate to the forecasted climate, and available fertilizers. Given the difficulties of the process of providing subsidized fertilizers, which should ensure timely delivery to the neediest population, it is unlikely that this will be feasible. Additionally, climate forecasts should be constantly monitored and transmitted to vulnerable populations for timely decision-making with regards to agricultural production activities. Priority needs and sectors have been identified through consultations between UN organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), with overall guidance from the Government. Whenever possible, early recovery projects aim to complement activities and available resources of the Government, the Red Cross, and NGO partners of the Guatemalan Humanitarian Network. The projects selected for this appeal meet the following criteria: 1. Preserve the life, health, security and rights of the most vulnerable population groups 2. Promote sustainability and self-reliance to the greatest extent possible as early as possible 3. Provide common essential services for all humanitarian actors which enable effective actions

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3.1 AGRICULTURE LEAD AGENCY: FAO

Appealing Agency FAO

Number of Projects 4

Implementing Partners Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food (MAGA), UNDP, NGOs,

Beneficiaries • 24,000 farming families benefit from increased access to seeds and inputs and technology for the production of basic grains

• 24,000 farming families benefit from diversified vegetable production • 48,000 farming families have restored and/or increased small livestock

productions, which leads to improved household diets • 12,000 farming families benefit from immediate income generation activities

Funds Requested $5,542,000

Contact Information FAO Representative, Mr. Ernesto Sinópoli

ernesto.sinopoli@fao.org/ +502 2472 2605

Sectoral Objectives To ensure food security in affected areas, by restoring production capacity through the provision of basic inputs and technical support in the production of basic grains (maize and beans), horticulture and livestock. Strategy and proposed activities Given the scale of the crisis, with 136,000 families affected, FAO aims to complement Government efforts to minimize the effects of the drought in the Dry Corridor of Guatemala, following and complementing efforts already underway in the area.12 FAO's strategy includes: • Income-generating activities for the rural poor • Ensure the production of basic grains in the upcoming agricultural season by providing inputs

and technical support • The reactivation of orchard production systems and livestock. This program relies on close

coordination with the Government (MAGA), other UN agencies such as UNDP, and NGOs with experience in production and recovery of productive assets

Expected Outcomes • Increased availability and access to seeds and inputs for the production of basic grains (maize

and beans) • Improved production of basic grains through proven technologies in the dry corridor • Restored household ability to consume a diversified diet through horticultural and livestock

production • Immediate income provided to facilitate immediate access to food through community work

                                                            12 FAO/WFP, Evaluation of crop and food supply in Guatemala, November 2009

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3.2 EARLY RECOVERY LEAD AGENCY: UNDP Appealing Agency UNDP

Number of Projects 3

Implementing Partners CARE, CARITAS, CECI, Fundación Solar, World Vision

Beneficiaries Affected populations and local governments

Funds Requested $2,354,000

Contact Information UNDP Representative, Mr. Julio Martinez julio.martinez@undp.org/ +502 2384 3289

Sectoral Objectives To immediately assist food-insecure families in the recovery of their subsistence resources, in order to avoid suffering and loss of lives. Strategy and proposed activities Collectively the activities aim to assist families directly, through complementary actions that will provide them with economic resources to begin the recovery of their livelihoods and production means The monitoring process developed by the Secretariat of Food and Nutritional Security (SISAN) will be supported, specifically by conducting community food security analysis and identifying thresholds of food insecurity. Emergency scenarios will also be developed A program of temporary job creation will be developed, these projects will include road improvements and basic sanitation activities Expected Outcomes 8,000 families have begun to recover their livelihoods and production means as a result of an increase in income25 communities (approximately 3,125 families) are capable of rapid detection of food insecurity situations, which will allowed them to protect their lives and livelihoods• 16 Local Governments and Municipal Commissions of Food Security and Nutrition (COMUSAN)

have improved their ability to respond to emergencies and implement early recovery

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3.3 FOOD LEAD AGENCY: WFP Appealing Agency WFP

Number of Projects 1

Implementing Partners Government of Guatemala at the central (Secretariat for Food and Nutritional Security (SESAN), MSPAS and MAGA) and local level, Plan International and Action Against Hunger

Beneficiaries 235,000 people

Funds Requested $13,928,555

Contact Information WFP Representative, Ms. Irma Palma irmaesperanza.palma@wfp.org/ +502 5528 5928

Sectoral Objectives • To prevent acute malnutrition and loss of lives by supporting immediate interventions for the

affected families, mainly subsistence farmers, combining emergency response and mitigation measures.

• To restore agricultural livelihoods by distributing food (general) and implementing food-for-work (FFW) interventions whenever possible

Strategy and proposed activities • GFD or FFW activities for 47,000 families • Acutely undernourished children and women will receive therapeutic food through the Nutrition

Cluster as well as ‘WFP family food rations’ • An estimated 100,000 children under five, pregnant and lactating women at risk of becoming

acutely undernourished will receive fortified blended food through health services and NGO-run health facilities

WFP’s food rations will consist of: • Maize, beans, vegetable oil, and ‘corn-soy blend plus’ (CSB-plus) (GFD/FFW food basket) • Vitacereal (fortified blended food) through health services, maternal and child health Through this emergency operation, WFP Guatemala will distribute 12,675 Metric Tons (MT) of food to affected children, women and families, from 15 March to 14 September 2010 in nine provinces. In coordination with the Government and the Humanitarian Network, WFP will assist 47,000 out of an estimated 136,000 food insecure families. Of the remaining affected population; 54,000 families will receive food assistance from the government, 8,000 from the WFP-EU Food Facility and 27,000 from USAID private voluntary organisations (PVO). There will be a gradual shift from general food distributions to FFW activities where and when it is feasible. Following WFP’s policy on Enhanced Commitment to Women (ECW), WFP will ensure that women will be the direct recipients of food rations where appropriate. Expected Outcomes • Lives have been saved and acute malnutrition reduced among the most vulnerable groups

affected by the drought and the combination of other factors • The lives and livelihoods of subsistence farmers affected by the drought are restored

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3.4 HEALTH LEAD AGENCY: Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) Appealing Agencies Comitato Internationale per lo Sviluppo dei Popoli (CISP), Pan-American

Health Organization (World Health Organization) (PAHO), WHO, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Save the Children - USA (SC) , Plan International (Plan)

Number of Projects 1

Implementing Partners Ministry of Health, SESAN, the Humanitarian Network

Beneficiaries 201,853 people

Funds Requested $ 5,691,695

Contact Information PAHO/WHO Representative, Dra. Hilda Leal de Molina irmaesperanza.palma@wfp.org/ + 502 5308 0584

Sectoral Objectives Early detection of acute malnutrition in children under five, focusing on children under three and women in reproductive age, pregnant and lactating women Rapid and effective medical and nutritional care of acute malnutrition cases and its complications by the network of health-care of the MSPAS Strategy and proposed activities • Promotion of articulated and complementary activities with the different clusters, particularly

with nutrition, so that the nutritional inputs provided will be adequately used at the institutional level

• Promotion of articulated and complementary activities among the members of the Humanitarian Network facilitating liaisons with officials from the network of health services and the decision-making and managerial levels of the MSPAS

• For the active search of malnutrition cases, promotion of an open dialogue and consultation at the community level with community leaders to disseminate the warning signs and its impact on survival and to take advantage of the information of the population for the location of cases, as well as devising innovative methods for data transmission from the health posts to health areas

• In activities with local governments, to empower them with the ownership of malnutrition issues and achieve a responsible participation in establishing the mechanisms that will enable to rapidly determine and provide care of cases detected in their communities

• Communities in a rural and sprawling areas with a significant number of cases will require establishing mechanisms for access to timely medical care and/or qualified referral

Expected Outcomes 1. Increased capacity of MSPAS to detect, refer and treat cases of acute malnutrition of children

and women 2. Active epidemiological surveillance system functioning to detect and refer cases of acute

malnutrition

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3.5 NUTRITION LEAD AGENCY: United Nation’s Children’s Found (UNICEF) Appealing Agency UNICEF

Number of Projects 1

Implementing Partners Ministry of Health, CARE, World Vision, Plan International, SHARE

Beneficiaries 400,000 people

Funds Requested $ 4,280,000

Contact Information UNICEF Representative, Mr. Ramiro Quezada rquezada@unicef.org/ + 502 2327 6373

Sectoral Objectives To prevent morbidity and mortality among children under five and women of childbearing age associated to acute malnutrition. Strategy and proposed activities The main strategy will be providing comprehensive care for the treatment of acute malnutrition at community level, with participation of different community actors such as the MSPAS’s Community Outreach Program, other community health programs, nutrition and food security councils, development community councils, and local leaders. • To provide nutrition products and technical support to save the lives of children under five and

women of childbearing age with acute malnutrition (moderate and severe) • Immediate identification and treatment of acute malnutrition cases at the community level to

save the lives of children under five and women of childbearing age • To provide families and community actors with information, education and communication with

emphasis on counselling for the identification of acute malnutrition danger signs • Promotion of appropriate feeding practices for nutritional recovery of children under five and

women of childbearing age Expected Outcomes 1. Availability of anthropometric equipment (for the immediate identification of cases), inputs for

the treatment of acute malnutrition with complication in hospitals (therapeutic formulas F75 and F100) and for uncomplicated cases at community level (ready-to-eat therapeutic food and ready-to-eat supplementary food) and micronutrient powder to treat vitamin and mineral deficiencies

2. Organization and training of key community members in identifying and reporting cases of acute malnutrition

3. Definition of prompt and efficient mechanisms for referral of cases at community level 4. Active search to identify acute malnutrition cases at community level 5. Monitoring by community members of the acute malnutrition cases identified and being treated

to ensure their recovery 6. Implementation of an information, education and communication plan with emphasis on

counselling at community level to identify acute malnutrition danger signs and for the promotion of appropriate feeding practices for nutritional recovery

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3.6 WATER, HYGIENE AND SANITATION LEAD AGENCY: UNICEF

Appealing Agency UNICEF

Number of Projects 1

Implementing Partners Ministry of Health, Local Governments and CARE

Beneficiaries 250,000 people

Funds Requested $2,396,800

Contact Information UNICEF Representative, Mr. Ramiro Quezada rquezada@unicef.org/ + 502 2327 6373

Sectoral Objective To prevent morbidity and mortality caused by unsafe water consumption, inadequate sanitation and low hygiene in the communities. Strategy and proposed activities A major boost will be given to joint, articulated and complementary government actions, led by the MSPAS, local governments and people living in the affected areas. The priority action is to provide the most vulnerable populations with safe water and adequate sanitation and to ensure effective hygiene practices. It is necessary to provide adequate supplies and sanitary/hygiene education to the affected communities in order to achieve the proposed objective: Supplement already existing assessments with continuing in-depth evaluations of water and sanitation conditions in the affected areas, such as the status of water supply systems • To provide chlorine and bleach tablets to purify water, as well as other supplies for safe water

consumption. This shall include detailed instructions for use in the local language, as well as portable chlorination equipment.

• Cleaning and disinfection of remaining water wells in order to reduce the risks from communicable diseases, and to increase access to water by the affected population

• To install a monitoring system in order to test water quality • To provide products for personal hygiene, such as soap and toilet paper • To deliver key messages on hygiene related to the use of water and diseases caused by

excreta • Support for adequate excreta and solid waste disposal, including instructions and support for

building latrines, providing shovels and stressing, through messages, the importance of keeping excreta (including children’s faeces) buried and far from living houses

Expected Outcomes1. Reducing the risks caused by emerging diseases in the affected communities’ population as

environmental health problems 2. Improving access to safe water and hygienic-sanitary conditions for the groups affected by

drought, especially for the most vulnerable ones, among them children, pregnant and breastfeeding women

3. Implementing quick water and sanitation actions in affected and prioritized communities 4. Implementing a water and sanitation communication plan in mass media 5. Surveillance system for water quality in place, with commitment of MSPAS and local authorities.

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4. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

At the central level in Guatemala, the Resident Coordinator of the United Nations System (UNS) coordinates the response to this emergency with the Country Team and the In-Country Humanitarian Team (Humanitarian Network/IASC), under the leadership of the Government of Guatemala. In support of the government, the representatives of agencies, funds and programmes of the UNS participating in the appeal, wherever relevant, have assumed the sector leadership in support of and in coordination with partner organizations. Actions will be implemented in order to support the participation of the main concerned parties and to enable inclusion of cross-cutting issues such as gender, human rights and protection. At the operational level, SESAN will be responsible for coordinating response actions at national level.

Sector/cluster Governmental institutions Cluster lead Humanitarian stakeholders

Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food (MAGA) FAO UNDP and Humanitarian

Network

Early Recovery

SESAN National Coordinator for Disaster Reduction (CONRED) General Secretariat of the Presidency for Programming and Planning (SEGEPLAN)

UNDP

FAO, Caritas, Fundación Solar, Centre for International Studies and Cooperation (CECI), CARE and World Vision

Food

MAGA SESAN MSPAS

WFP Action against Hunger, Plan International

Nutrition SESAN MSPAS

UNICEF WFP, CARE, World Vision, Plan International and Share

Health MSPAS WHO

WFP, United Nations Population Found (UNFPA), Plan International, Save the Children USA, SESAN, Emergency Programme of the Italian Cooperation through NGOs: Istituto per la Cooperazione Universitaria (ICU)- Fundacion para el Desarollo Integral (FUDI) and International Committee for the Development of Peoples (CISP); Mercy Corps, Action Against Hunger

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene MSPAS UNICEF Humanitarian Network

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ANNEX I. LIST OF PROJECTS (WITH HYPERLINKS TO OPEN FULL PROJECT DETAILS)

Project code  Appealing agency  Project title Requirements 

($) 

(click on code to open full project sheet) 

AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODS 

GTM‐10/A/31658/123 FAO Emergency assistance to ensure production of basic grains for vulnerable families (maize and beans) 

  2,110,000  

GTM‐10/A/31659/123 FAO Emergency assistance to livestock production of small farm animals 

  1,400,000  

GTM‐10/A/31660/123 FAO  Emergency assistance to increase vegetable production    1,400,000  

GTM‐10/A/31663/123 FAO Immediate income generation through community work in rural production recovery 

  632,000  

Sub total for AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODS    5,542,000  

EARLY RECOVERY 

GTM‐10/ER/31666/776 UNDP  Rapid detection of emergency sceneries of food insecurity    347,750  

GTM‐10/ER/31669/776 UNDP    Economical Recovery    1,819,000  

GTM‐10/ER/31670/776 UNDP Support to Local Goverments to promptly address the food insecurity situations and  post crisis recovery 

  187,250  

Sub total for EARLY RECOVERY    2,354,000  

FOOD 

GTM‐10/F/31619/561 WFP Emergency Food Assistance to Families Affected by Acute Undernutrition and Food Insecurity 

  13,928,555  

Sub total for FOOD    13,928,555  

HEALTH 

GTM‐10/H/32079/1171 UNFPA Prompt medical care to save lives of affected children and women with acute malnutrition in 9 Departments from the Dry Corridor of Guatemala 

  1,800,000  

GTM‐10/H/32079/5497 PAHO (WHO) Prompt medical care to save lives of affected children and women with acute malnutrition in 9 Departments from the Dry Corridor of Guatemala 

  2,652,029  

GTM‐10/H/32079/5524 Plan Prompt medical care to save lives of affected children and women with acute malnutrition in 9 Departments from the Dry Corridor of Guatemala 

  401,026  

GTM‐10/H/32079/5816 CISP Prompt medical care to save lives of affected children and women with acute malnutrition in 9 Departments from the Dry Corridor of Guatemala 

  429,000  

GTM‐10/H/32079/6042 SC ‐ US Prompt medical care to save lives of affected children and women with acute malnutrition in 9 Departments from the Dry Corridor of Guatemala 

  409,640  

Sub total for HEALTH    5,691,695  

NUTRITION 

GTM‐10/H/31655/124 UNICEF  Acute malnutrition management at community level    4,280,000  

Sub total for NUTRITION    4,280,000  

WASH 

GTM‐10/WS/31650/124 UNICEF  Water, sanitation and hygiene    2,396,800  

Sub total for WASH    2,396,800  

 

Grand Total    34,193,050  

 

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Table IV: Summary of requirements (grouped by IASC standard sector)

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ANNEX II.NATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED …

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ANNEX III. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS CAP Consolidated Appeal Process CEC Centre for International Studies and Cooperation CELADE Centro Latinoamericano de demografía CDC (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CERF Central Emergency Response Fund CISP International Committee for the Development of Peoples COMUSAN Local Governments and Municipal Commissions of Food Security and Nutrition CONRED National Coordinator for Disaster Reduction CSB corn-soy blend ECHO European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office ECW Enhanced Commitment to Women ENSMI National Survey of Maternal and Child Health FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FFW food-for-work GDP gross domestic product GFD general food distribution GNA (ECHO) Global Needs Assessment IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee ICU-FUDI Istituto per la Cooperazione Universitaria- Fundacion para el Desarollo Integral IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute INE Instituto Nacional de Estadística (National Statistics Institute) MAGA Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Alimentation MCH maternal and child health MDG Millennium Development Goals MFEWS Mesoamerican Food Security Warning System MISH Managerial Information System for Health (SIGSA) MSPAS Ministry of Public Health and Welfare MT metric tons MUAC mid-upper arm circumference NGO non-governmental organization OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs PAHO Pan-American Health Organization PIDESC International Protocol of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights PVO private voluntary organization RC Resident Coordinator SESAN Executive Secretariat for Food and Nutrition Security SISAN Secretariat of Food and Nutritional Security SEGEPLAN General Secretariat of the Presidency for Programming and Planning SYAP Single Year Action Plan UN United Nations UNICEF United Nations Children’s Found UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNISDR United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction UNS United Nations System USAID United States Agency for International Development VM Vision Mundial (World Vision) WASH water, sanitation and hygiene WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization

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Consolidated Appeal Process (CAP) The CAP is a tool for aid organizations to jointly plan, coordinate, implement and monitor their response to disasters and emergencies, and to appeal for funds together instead of competitively. It is the forum for developing a strategic approach to humanitarian action, focusing on close cooperation between host governments, donors, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International Organization for Migration (IOM), and United Nations’ agencies. As such, it presents a snapshot of the situation and response plans, and is an inclusive and coordinated programme cycle of: • Strategic planning leading to a Common Humanitarian Action Plan (CHAP); • Resource mobilisation leading to a Consolidated Appeal or a Flash Appeal; • Coordinated programme implementation; • Joint monitoring and evaluation; • Revision, if necessary; • Reporting on results. The CHAP is the core of the CAP – a strategic plan for humanitarian response in a given country or region, including the following elements: • A common analysis of the context in which humanitarian action takes place; • An assessment of needs; • Best, worst, and most likely scenarios; • A clear statement of longer-term objectives and goals; • Prioritised response plans, including a detailed mapping of projects to cover all needs; • A framework for monitoring the strategy and revising it if necessary. The CHAP is the core of a Consolidated Appeal or, when crises break out or natural disasters strike, a Flash Appeal. Under the leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator, and in consultation with host Governments and donors, the CHAP is developed at the field level by the Humanitarian Country Team. This team includes IASC members and standing invitees (UN agencies, the International Organisation for Migration, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and NGOs that belong to ICVA, Interaction, or SCHR), but non-IASC members, such as national NGOs, can also be included. The Humanitarian Coordinator is responsible for the annual preparation of the consolidated appeal document. The document is launched globally near the end of each year to enhance advocacy and resource mobilisation. An update, known as the Mid-Year Review, is presented to donors the following July. Donors generally fund appealing agencies directly in response to project proposals listed in appeals. The Financial Tracking Service (FTS), managed by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), is a database of appeal funding needs and worldwide donor contributions, and can be found on www.reliefweb.int/fts. In sum, the CAP is how aid agencies join forces to provide people in need the best available protection and assistance, on time.

OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (OCHA)

UNITED NATIONS PALAIS DES NATIONS

NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017 1211 GENEVA 10 USA SWITZERLAND