Flammable/Combustible Storage Requirements

March 30, 2011

David P. Horowitz, P.E., CSP

Tighe & Bond413.572.3211 (office)413.250.2487 (cell)dphorowitz@tighebond.com

SCWNE - 2011 Safety & Health Conference

AGENDA

■ Typical Tank Inventory/Uses■ Regulatory Overview– Federal, State, County, Local

■ Code Overview–NFPA

■ Aboveground Storage■Underground Storage

ALPHABET SOUP OF REGULATIONS

RCRA

22a-449TURA

VSQGCESQG

LQG

SQG OSHA

EPALPA

IWHT

PPE

EPA

SWPPP

SPCC

TIER IIFORM S

FRP TITLE V

NOITCLP

DEP

SR/ES

API

STI

ERP CAA

310 CMR 30

40 CFR 112

310 CMR 7

314 CMR 18

ENV 1410

40 CFR 280EPCRA

527 CMR 9

502 CMR 5

MSDS

ECA

Applicable Regulations - Federal

■ UST Requirements (680,000 per EPA)– 40 CFR 280 (UST Regulations)– 40 CFR 281 & 282 (State Approval)

■ SPCC (Only for oil)– 40 CFR 112

■ Tier II (For all chemicals)– 40 CFR 355 (EPCRA Section 311/312)

Applicable Regulations - State

■ UST Requirements– 527 CMR 4.0 & 9.0 (MA)– 314 CMR 18.00 (IWHT)– 22a-449 (CT)

» NFPA 30 & 31

– http://www.epa.gov/OUST/states/stateurl.htm■ AST Requirements

– 527 CMR 4.0 & 9.0 (MA)– 502 CMR 5.0 (MA)– V.S.A. 261-264 (VT)

» NFPA 30 & 31

– Many refer to NFPA

Applicable Code - NFPA

■ The mission of the international nonprofit NFPA is to reduce the worldwide burden of fire and other hazards on the quality of life by providing and advocating consensus codes and standards, research, training, and education.

■ National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)– NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids

Code– NFPA 30A: Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities and

Repair Garages– NFPA 31: Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment

Applicable Code - UL

■ Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) is an independent, not-for-profit product-safety testing and certification organization.

■ Underwriters Laboratory Inc. (UL)– UL 80: Standard for Steel Tanks for Oil-Burner

Fuel– UL 142: Standard for Steel Aboveground

Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids– UL 2085: Standard for Protected

Aboveground Tanks fro Flammable and Combustible Liquids

– UL 1316: Standard for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Underground Storage Tanks for Petroleum Products

Flammable/Combustible

Agency/Organization

Flash Point

(To be considered Flammable)

OSHA/NFPA ≤ 100°F

EPA ≤ 140°F

(Ignitability)

DOT < 141°F

Tier II (For all chemicals)40 CFR 370 (EPCRA Section 311/312)

■ Federal Regulation– Storage of 10,000# or more of any chemical– Some chemicals considered extremely hazardous (EHS)

■ Requires notification to:– Local Emergency Planning Commission (LEPC)– State Emergency Response Center (SERC)– Local Fire Department

■ Due March 1st Every Year■ Submission format varies by state

Underground Storage Tanks - Oil

■ UST Requirements (680,000 per EPA)– 40 CFR 280 (UST Regulations)– 40 CFR 281 & 282 (State Approval)

■ UST Requirements– 527 CMR 4.0 & 9.0 (MA)– 314 CMR 18.00 (IWHT)– 22a-449 (CT)

» NFPA 30 & 31

■ Most states require registration (local)

■ Many states require tightness testing

Industrial Wastewater Holding Tank (IWHT)Industrial Wastewater Holding Tank (IWHT)

■ MA: 314 CMR 18.00 (meet all three)– Tank used exclusively to accumulate or store industrial

wastewater– Industrial wastewater transported directly to an offsite

facility for recycling, treatment, or disposal– Industrial wastewater is non-hazardous, non-domestic

■ CT: CGS Section 22a-430– Facility generates < 15,000 gallons per day– Oil/water separator– Permitted transporter haul wastewater to a sewage

treatment plant– Roofed wash bay

■ VT: Policy #WWMD-1001– Four options for washwater discharges– Holding tank is one option– DEC Regional Wastewater Office Permit required

Aboveground Storage Tanks - Oil

■ SPCC (Only for oil)– 40 CFR 112

■ AST Requirements– 527 CMR 4.0 & 9.0 (MA)– 502 CMR 5.0 (MA) – 10,000+ Gallons– NFPA 30 & 31 (National Code – most

states)

■ Most states require registration (local)

■ Many states require tightness testing

Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Planning Requirements

Aboveground Oil Storage

SPCC Regulations 101

■ Oil Storage

■ 1,320 Gallons (above ground)

– Threshold determination

– 42,000 gallons (underground)

– 55 gallon capacity or larger

■ SPCC Plan

– Storage & handling practices

– Secondary containment

– Tank integrity

– Spill response & reporting

– P.E. Certification

SPCC Regulations 101

■ 2002 Regulatory Changes

– Applicability Thresholds

– De Minimis Container Size

– Longer Re-Certification Interval

– Tank Integrity testing emphasis

■ Subsequent Regulatory Changes

– Certain facilities exemption (P.E. review)

– < 10,000 gallons

SPCC Status

SPCC Regulations

■ Certain facilities exemption

■ “Tier I Qualified”

– Total storage capacity< 10,000 gallons

– No single container capacity >5,000 gallons

– No single discharge of oil > 1,000 gallons to waters of the US

– No two discharges of oil > 42 gallons to waters of the US*

SPCC Regulations

This does not include discharges that are the result of natural disasters, acts of war, or

terrorism. When determining the applicability of this SPCC reporting

requirement, the gallon amount(s) specified (either 1,000 or 42) refers to the amount of oil that actually reaches navigable waters or adjoining shorelines not the total amount of oil spilled. EPA considers the entire volume of the discharge to be oil for the purposes

of these reporting requirements.

Integrity Testing – Industry Standards

■ API 653 – Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration and Reconstruction

■ API 575 – Inspection of Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Tanks

■ API 570 – Piping Inspection Code■ ASME B31.3 – Process Piping■ ASME 31.4 – Liquid Transportation Systems for

Hydrocarbons, Liquid Petroleum Gas, Anhydrous Ammonia and Alcohols

■ STI SP001-06 – Standard for the Inspection of Aboveground Storage Tanks

■ UL 142 – Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids

ReminderReminder

■ Oil/Water Separator capacity is notnot applicable to SPCC determination

Integrity Testing – Steel Tank Institute

Integrity Testing – Steel Tank Institute

Integrity Testing – Steel Tank Institute

Integrity Testing – Steel Tank Institute

SP001-06

■ General

– Minimum inspection requirements

– Identify existing condition

– Identify changes

■ Owner/Operator Responsibility

– Fire codes, local ordinances, other applicable rules & regulations

– Periodic inspections

– Documenting inspections and corrective actions

Applicable federal, state ……

■ 40 CFR 112 – SPCC■ 40 CFR 261 – Hazardous Waste■ 310 CMR 30 – MA Hazardous Waste■ 310 CMR 40 – MA MCP■ 40 CFR 279 – Used Oil■ 40 CFR 372 - EPCRA■ 527 CMR 9 – MA State Fire Prevention

Regulations■ 502 CMR 5 – MA State Fire Marshal Regulations■ 22a-449 – CT UST Regulations■ NFPA 30/30A – Flammable & Combustible

Liquids■ NFPA 31 – Oil-Burning Equipment■ UL 80, 142, 2085, 1316 – Tank Construction■ Local

SP001-06

Scope of Inspection–Primary tank–Secondary tank–Tank Supports–Tank Anchors–Tank Foundation & External Supports–Tank Gauges & Alarms–Insulation–Tank Appurtenances–Normal Vents–Emergency Vents–Release Prevention Barriers–Spill Control Systems

SP001-06 - Definitions

Aboveground Storage Tank

– Atmospheric pressure

Continuous Release Detection Method (CRDM)

– Release detection through inherent design– Passive

– Example – elevated AST

Inspection Plan– Written– Described or referenced in SPCC plan

SP001-06 - Definitions

Periodic AST Inspection– Visual– Documented– In service

Portable Container– Closed AST– > 55 Gallon capacity– Not intended for fixed installation– Example - Totes

SP001-06 - Definitions

Release Prevention Barrier– Impervious liquid containment barrier– Directs release for detection– Examples: Steel, Concrete, Elastomer liners

Spill Control– Release Prevention– Remote Impounding– Secondary Containment

Sufficiently Impervious– Case by case

SP001-06 – AST Categories

SP001-06 – Inspection Schedule

STI Inspection Results

Compliance Issues

Compliance Issues

Recommendations

ASTs

Normal Venting

Emergency Venting

Spill Containers

Overfill Prevention

Interstice

Ultra-Sonic Thickness Testing

Ideal Installation – Single Wall Tank

Ideal Installation – Double Wall Tank

Ideal Installation – Generator Tank

Observation Results

■ 200+ Tanks observed for tank integrity■ One* with >75% wall thickness losses– Compared to existing standards

■ Most with regulatory, code compliance, operational issues– Vent heights & vent configuration/operation– No overfill protection/Level detection devices– Not UL 142 standard construction– No spill prevention devices– Improper protection from vehicular impact

■ Some with evident corrosion– Interior of double wall– External

Florida Leak Study

■ Florida has ~50,000 registered, active tanks at ~20,000 registered, active storage tank facilities

■ 82% of the ASTs have secondary containment

■ Florida had 188 discharges from shop-fabricated ASTs (the type of tank that hospitals typically have)

Florida Leak Study

■ Top causes of failures from these ASTs (Accounting for 65% of the failures) were:– Overfills– Spills– Physical damage– Loose components

Underground Storage

Energy Policy Act of 2005

■ Underground Storage Tank Compliance Act of 2005

■ Reduce releases to environment

■ Focus on preventing releases

■ Expanded Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund

■ Inspections, operator training, delivery prohibition, secondary containment and financial responsibility

The Big Picture

■ 611,500 USTs

■ 223,000 sites

■ 2/3 of active USTs are compliant

■ UST releases declining

The Big Picture

Region 1 Picture

MADEP Registry

Massachusetts

■ Over 11,000 Active USTs in MA

■ 527 CMR 9.0■ MA DEP Regulations■ 3rd Party Inspections

– Required by August 2009– Every 3 Years– Operational paperwork– Physical system inspection

Massachusetts

■ Underground Storage Tanks

– All single wall steel tanks shall be removed by August 7, 2017

– This does not apply to solely consumptive use tanks and tanks that were relined prior to August 8, 2007

– Relining is now prohibited

– Delivery prohibition (“Red Tag”)

– Established 3rd Party Inspection program

» Does not apply to solely consumptive use tanks

» All tanks inspected by August 8, 2010

Massachusetts

■ Consumptive Use

– “Fuel oil used exclusively for area heating and/or the heating of domestic water on premises where stored.”

■ Non-Consumptive Use

– Fleet fueling

» Gasoline

» Diesel

– Emergency generators

Massachusetts

■ 3rd Party Inspection Program

– Private, state, municipal and federal facilities

– Inspected every 3 years (no later than August 2010)

– DEP on July 1, 2009

– FP289

– Provides 3rd Party Inspector Certifications

» Qualifications

» Training provided by DFS

» http://www.mass.gov/dep/toxics/ust/tpilist.pdf

» 185 “Eligible” Inspectors

Massachusetts

Connecticut

■ 3,000 sites with 12,000 USTs in CT

■ 22a-449(d)-1 & 22a-449(d) 101-113

■ DEP Inspections– Required by August 2009– Every 3 Years– Unannounced– Operational paperwork– Physical system inspection

Maine

■ Maine DEP Database– Interactive mapping

■ ASTs – Standard SPCC integrity

inspection requirements

■ USTs – Annual inspection required

» Inspectors certified by ME » Visual inspection» Tightness testing» Cathodic protection testing

Inspection Overview

■ Facility Records

■ Spill Protection

■ Overfill Prevention

■ Tank Leak Detection

■ Piping Leak Detection

■ Corrosion Protection

Typical Deficiencies – 150+ USTs Inspected (No Retail)

Deficiency % Identified

Maintenance 91%

Financial Assurance 84%

Sump Monitoring 66%

Registration 61%

Overfill Prevention 38%

Cathodic Protection 18%

Double Wall Piping Issues 12%

Shear Valve 11%

‘Extra’ Vents 6%

Records Review

■ Pre-Inspection– Federal

» Financial Assurance– State

» DEP Registry– Local

» Fire Department Permits» Registration

– Facility» Inventory Monitoring» Release Prevention

■ Inspection– Verify record documents

match system

Financial Assurance

■ Use state financial assurance funds

■ Obtain insurance coverage■ Obtain a guarantee■ Obtain a surety bond■ Obtain a letter of credit■ Pass a financial test■ Set up a trust fund

■ Local, State & Feds = OK!

Spill Protection

■ Spill Bucket– Return product to tank– 3 gallon capacity

Overfill Prevention

Automatic Shut Off

Ball Float Vent

High Level Alarm

Tank Leak Detection

■ Interstitial Monitoring

■ Automatic Tank Gauging– Continuous In-Tank Leak Detection System (CLSD)

■ Manual Tank Gauging– ≤2,000 gallons

■ Statistical Inventory Reconciliation (SIR)– Vendor or approved in-house data analysis – 2 year tightness testing interval

■ Soil Vapor Monitoring– Site assessment

■ Groundwater Monitoring– Site assessment

Piping Leak Detection

■ Interstitial Monitoring

■ Automatic Line Leak Detectors (ALLD)

■ European Suction– Check valve immediately

beneath pump/dispenser

■ American Suction– Check valve at UST

■ Tightness Testing– 3 year interval

Corrosion Protection

■ Galvanic Protection– STI-P3– 3 Year NACE Inspection

» -0.850 Volt, soil to tank potential

■ Impressed Current– 60 day Operator Inspection– Annual NACE Inspection

■ Non-Metal Construction– Clad Steel Tanks– FRP

Inspection Shortfalls

■ Shear Valves

■ Vapor Recovery

■ Regulatory Confusion

Water in the Sump?

Operator Training - FUTURE

■ Required by August 8, 2012– Three classes of operator

■ Owner/Operator Inspections– Monthly– Semi-annual– Annual

Operator Training - FUTURE

■ Class A– Familiar with applicable statutes &

regulations as the specifically apply– Pass and exam– 2 Year refresher training

■ Class B– Familiar with applicable statutes &

regulations– Pass and exam– 2 Year refresher training

■ Class C– Familiar with response requirements– Trained by Class A

MADEP Regulations- FUTURE

■ DEP Stakeholder Meetings– Dynamic process– Various interests– Developing regulations– 310 CMR 80.00

■ Key Points– PE Inspection prior to backfill– PE Stamped as-built plans– Spill buckets

» 5-gallon minimum» DW or tested every 6 mos.

Diesel Exhaust Fluid - FUTURE

Diesel Exhaust Fluid – Now?

■ Additive for Diesel vehicles– EGR vs. SCR– 2010 Emission requirements

– Reduce NOx

■ Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)– 67.5% water– 32.5% Urea

■ DEF Requirements– Tank– Injector– SCR Catalyst– Controls

Public Service Announcement

■ September 30, 2011– Upgrade home systems– Add oil safety valve– Add oil supply line w/sleeve

■ Mandatory Insurance Change– Required by July 1, 2010– For upgraded systems

Public Service Announcement

■ Upgrade Cost– $150 - $300 estimated

■ Insurance Options– For upgraded systems– First Party Coverage

($50,000)– Third Party Coverage

($200,000)

Thank You!