s0002870309009612
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Low vitamin D may explain the link between preecla mpsia and cardiov ascular disease Sir: The recent review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular sequelae of preeclampsia found large increases in risk of card iova scul ar dise ases for thos e who suf fere d pre - eclampsia and an incre ased risk with increasin g sever ity of preeclampsia. 1 Preeclampsi a is also assoc iated with increased risk of cancer. 2 I would like to suggest that the link is lowserum 25- hydrox yvi tamin D (25[OH]D) ,w hich has been reported as a risk factor for preeclampsia 3 as well as for card iova scular disease. 4,5 Seru m 25(OH)D levels are associat ed wi th important cardi ovasc ular disease risk factors in US adults. 6 Low serum 25(OH)D is also an important risk factor for many types of cancer. 7 It has been suggested that pregnant and nursing w omen should be taking 4,000 to 6,000 IU/d of vitamin D. 8 For optimal health in general, s erum 25(OH)D levels shoul d be N32 ng/mL (80 nmol/L). 9 One thousand international units per day raises serum 25(OH)D by about 10 ng/mL. 9 Disclosures I receive funding from the UV Foundation (McLean, VA ), the Vitamin D Socie ty (Ca nada), the Sun light Resear ch Foru m (Veld hoven ), and Bio-T ech-P harma cal (Fayetteville, AR). Am Heart J 2010;159:e19. 0002-8703/$ - see front matter doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2009.12.007 William B. Grant, PhD Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center (SUNARC) San Francisco, CA E-mails: http://www.sunarc.org , [email protected] References 1. McDonald SD, Malinowski A, Zhou Q, et al. Card iovascular sequelae of preeclampsia/eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Am Heart J 2008;156:918-30. 2. Calderon-Margalit R , Friedlander Y, Yanetz R, e t al. Preeclampsia and subsequent risk of cancer: update from the Jerusalem Perinatal Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;200:63.e1-5. 3. Bod nar LM,Catov JM,Simha n HN,et al. Mat ern al vitamin D deficienc y increases the risk of preeclampsia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92: 3517-22. 4. Wang TJ, Pencina MJ , Booth SL, et al . Vitamin D defici ency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2008;117:503-11. 5. Michos ED, Melamed ML. Vitamin D and car diovascular disease risk. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008;11:7-12. 6. Martins D, Wolf M , Pan D, et al. P revalence of cardiovascul ar risk factors and the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the United States: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:1159-65. 7. Grant WB, Garland CF. The association of s olar ultraviolet B (UVB ) with reducing risk of cancer: multifactorial ecologic analysis of geographic variation in age-adjusted cancer mortality rates. Anticancer Res 2006;26:2687-99. 8. Hollis BW. Vita min D requirement during pregnancy and l actation. J Bone Miner Res 2007;22(Suppl 2):V39-44. 9. Heaney RP. Vitamin D in heal th and disease. Clin J Am Soc Neph rol 2008;3:1535-41.
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Low vitamin D may explain the link between
preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease
Sir:
The recent review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular
sequelae of preeclampsia found large increases in risk of cardiovascular diseases for those who suffered pre-
eclampsia and an increased risk with increasing severity
of preeclampsia.1 Preeclampsia is also associated with
increased risk of cancer.2 I would like to suggest that the
link is low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), w hich
has been reported as a risk factor for preeclampsia3 as
well as for cardiovascular disease.4,5 Serum 25(OH)D
levels are associated with important cardiovascular
disease risk factors in US adults.6 Low serum 25(OH)D
is also an important risk factor for many types of cancer.7
It has been suggested that pregnant and nursing w omen
should be taking 4,000 to 6,000 IU/d of vitamin D.8 For
optimal health in general, serum 25(OH)D levels shouldbe N32 ng/mL (80 nmol/L).9 One thousand international
units per day raises serum 25(OH)D by about 10 ng/mL.9
Disclosures
I receive funding from the UV Foundation (McLean,
VA), the Vitamin D Society (Canada), the Sunlight
Research Forum (Veldhoven), and Bio-Tech-Pharmacal
(Fayetteville, AR).
Am Heart J 2010;159:e19.0002-8703/$ - see front matter
doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2009.12.007
William B. Grant, PhD
Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center
(SUNARC)
San Francisco, CA
E-mails: http://www.sunarc.org ,
References
1. McDonald SD, Malinowski A, Zhou Q, et al. Cardiovascular sequelaeof preeclampsia/eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Am Heart J 2008;156:918-30.
2. Calderon-Margalit R, Friedlander Y, Yanetz R, et al. Preeclampsia andsubsequent risk of cancer: update from the Jerusalem Perinatal Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;200:63.e1-5.
3. Bodnar LM,Catov JM,Simhan HN,et al. Maternal vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of preeclampsia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:3517-22.
4. Wang TJ, Pencina MJ, Booth SL, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of
cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2008;117:503-11.5. Michos ED, Melamed ML. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease risk.Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008;11:7-12.
6. Martins D, Wolf M, Pan D, et al. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the UnitedStates: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition ExaminationSurvey. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:1159-65.
7. Grant WB, Garland CF. The association of solar ultraviolet B (UVB) with reducing risk of cancer: multifactorial ecologic analysis of geographic variation in age-adjusted cancer mortality rates. Anticancer Res 2006;26:2687-99.
8. Hollis BW. Vitamin D requirement during pregnancy and lactation. JBone Miner Res 2007;22(Suppl 2):V39-44.
9. Heaney RP. Vitamin D in health and disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol
2008;3:1535-41.
