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bZzb GB wk¶vµ‡gi Av‡jv‡K cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii cÖvq mKj cvV¨cy¯—K| D³ cvV¨cy¯—K cÖYq‡bwk¶v_©x‡ì mvg_©¨, cÖeYZv I c~e© AwfÁZv‡K ¸iy‡Z¡i m‡½ we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvV¨cy¯—K¸‡jvi welqwbe©vPb I Dc¯’vc‡bi †¶‡Î wk¶v_©xi m„Rbkxj cÖwZfvi weKvk mva‡bi w`‡K we‡klfv‡e ¸iyZ¡ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi ïiy‡Z wkLbdj hy³ K‡i wk¶v_©xi AwR©Ze¨ Áv‡bi Bw½Z cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges wewPÎ KvR,m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I Ab¨vb¨ cÖkœ ms‡hvRb K‡i g~j¨vqb‡K m„Rbkxj Kiv n‡q‡Q|

GKwesk kZ‡Ki A½xKvi I cÖZ¨q‡K mvg‡b †i‡L cwigvwR©Z wk¶vµ‡gi Av‡jv‡K cvV¨cy¯ÍKwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q|Kv‡RB cvV¨cy¯ÍKwUi AviI mg„w×mva‡bi Rb¨ †h †Kv‡bv MVbg~jK I hyw³m½Z civgk© ¸iy‡Z¡i m‡½ we‡ewPZn‡e| cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖYq‡bi wecyj Kg©h‡Ái g‡a¨ AwZ ¯í mg‡q cy¯ÍKwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q| d‡j wKQy fyjÎywU †_‡K†h‡Z cv‡i| cieZ©x ms¯‹iY¸‡jv‡Z cvV¨cy¯ÍKwU‡K AviI my›ì, †kvfb I ÎywUgy³ Kivi †Póv Ae¨vnZ_vK‡e| evbv‡bi †¶‡Î Abym„Z n‡q‡Q evsjv GKv‡Wgx KZ…©K cÖYxZ evbvbixwZ|

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cÖ_g AvKvB` ( ) 1-24

wØZxq Bev`Z ( ) 25-45

Z…Zxq KziAvb I nvw`m wk¶v 46-80

PZz_© AvLjvK ( ) 81-104

cÂg Av`k© RxebPwiZ 105-128

cÖ_g Aa¨vqAvKvB` ( )

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G Aa¨vq †k‡l wk¶v_x©-

�� Bgv‡bi cwiPq I Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

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�� Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK wel‡qi cÖwZ AUj wek¦vm (Bgvb) ¯’vcb I Abykxj‡b DØy× n‡e|

� wbdv‡Ki (KcUZv) cwiPq I Gi Kzdj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges wbdvK cwinvi Kivi DcvqeY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

�� KcUZvg~jK AvPiY cwinvi K‡i Pj‡Z AvMÖnx n‡e|

�� Avjøvn ZvAvjvi KwZcq ¸YevPK bv‡gi A_© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

�� gnvb Avjøvni ¸YevPK bv‡g wea„Z ¸Y wbR AvPi‡Y cÖwZdj‡b AvMÖnx n‡e|

�� wimvjv‡Zi A_© I Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

�� beyq‡Zi aviYv I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

�� beyqZ I wimvjv‡Zi cv_©K¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

�� AvwLivZ I wKqvgZ m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

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�� Rvbœv‡Zi cwiPq I Zv jv‡fi Dcvq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

�� Rvnvbœv‡gi cwiPq I ¯îƒc Ges Rvnvbœvg †_‡K cwiÎvY cvIqvi Dcvq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

�� ˆbwZK PwiÎ MV‡b Bgv‡bi f~wgKv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

cvV 1

Bgvb ( )

Bgvb k‡ãi A_© wek¦vm| Bmjv‡gi g~j welq¸‡jvi cÖwZ wek¦vm‡KB Bgvb ejv nq| cÖK…Z A‡_© AvjøvnZvAvjv, bwe-ivmyj, †d‡ikZv, AvwLivZ, ZvKwì BZ¨vw` welq g‡bcÖv‡Y wek¦vm Kiv I †g‡b †bIqvBn‡jv Bgvb| †h e¨w³ Gme welq‡K AvšÍwiKfv‡e wek¦vm K‡ib wZwb n‡jb gywgb|

Bgv‡bi wZbwU w`K i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡jv-

K. AšÍ‡i wek¦vm Kiv|

L. gy‡L ¯^xKvi Kiv Ges

M. Z`vbymv‡i Avgj Kiv|

A_©vr Bmjv‡gi hveZxq wel‡qi cÖwZ AvšÍwiK wek¦vm, †gŠwLK ¯xK…wZ I Z`byhvqx Avgj Kivi bvg n‡jvBgvb| cÖK…Z gywgb nIqvi Rb¨ G wZbwU welq _vKv Riywi| †KD hw` ïay AšÍ‡i wek¦vm K‡i, wKšÍygy‡L ¯^xKvi bv K‡i Z‡e †m cÖK…Zc‡¶ Bgvb`vi ev gywgb wn‡m‡e MY¨ nq bv| Avevi gy‡L ¯^xKvi K‡iAšÍ‡i wek¦vm bv Ki‡jI †Kv‡bv e¨w³ Bgvb`vi n‡Z cv‡i bv| e¯ÍyZ AvšÍwiK wek¦vm, †gŠwLK ¯^xK…wZ IZ`byhvqx Avg‡ji mgwóB n‡jv cÖK…Z Bgvb|

Bgv‡bi mvZwU wel‡qi weeiYBgvb ev wek¦v‡mi †gŠwjK welq †gvU mvZwU| gywgb nIqvi Rb¨ G mvZwU wel‡qi cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vcbKi‡Z n‡e| Avgiv c~‡e©i †kªwY‡Z Bgv‡b gydvm&mvj m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| Zv‡Z Bgv‡bi mvZwU wel‡qi K_vD‡jøL i‡q‡Q| G cv‡V Avgiv we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e G mvZwU welq m¤ú‡K© Rvbe|

1. Avjøvni cÖwZ c~Y© wek¦vmBgv‡bi me©cÖ_g I me©cÖavb welq n‡jv Avjøvn ZvAvjvi cÖwZ wek¦vm| Avjøvn ZvAvjv GK I AwØZxq|wZwb Avgv‡ì ie, gvwjK, m„wóKZ©v, i¶vKZ©v, mvnvh¨Kvix, Rb¥ I g„Zzï gvwjK| wZwb mKj ¸‡YiAvavi| wZwb cweÎ, ¶gvkxj, `qvevb, cig `qvgq, me©‡kªvZv, me©Á, cÖÁvevb, me©`ªóv I me©kw³gvb|wZwb Kv‡iv gyLv‡c¶x bb, ¯qsm¤ú~Y© I mve©‡fŠg ¶gZvi AwaKvix|

Avjøvn ZvAvjv AbšÍ Amxg| wZwb memgq wQ‡jb, Av‡Qb I _vK‡eb| Zuvi mËv I ¸Yvewj AZzjbxq| wZwbwVK †ZgbB †hgbfv‡e wZwb weivRgvb| Zuvi AmsL¨ my›ì bvg i‡q‡Q| Zuvi wcZv, cyÎ Ges ¯¿x †bB|wZwbB GKgvÎ mËv| Zuvi mgK¶, mgZzj¨ ev kwiK †KD †bB| mg¯Í cÖksmv I Bev`Z GKgvÎ ZuviBcÖvc¨| Avjøvn ZvAvjv‡K Zuvi mËv, ¸Yvewj I mKj ¶gZvmn wek¦vm KivB n‡jv Bgv‡bi me©cÖavb welq|

2 Bmjvg I ˆbwZK wkÿv

2. †d‡ikZvM‡Yi cÖwZ wek¦vm†d‡ikZvMY by‡ii ˆZix| Avjøvn ZvAvjv Zuv‡ì we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨ m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv m`vme©`v AvjøvnZvAvjvi whKi I Zvmwen cv‡V iZ| Zuviv Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Av‡`k Abyhvqx wewfbœ Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ|

†d‡ikZvMY A`„k¨| Z‡e Avjøvni Av‡`‡k Zuviv wewfbœ AvK…wZ aviY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Zuviv cyiyl bb AvevibvixI bb| Zv‡ì Avnvi-wb ªvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Zuv‡ì msL¨v AMwYZ| GKgvÎ Avjøvn ZvAvjv e¨ZxZ†KDB Zuv‡ì cÖK…Z msL¨v Rv‡b bv| †d‡ikZvM‡Yi g‡a¨ 4 Rb n‡jb cÖwm×| Zuviv n‡jb nhiZwReivBj (Av.), nhiZ wgKvBj (Av.), nhiZ AvhivBj (Av.) Ges nhiZ Bmivwdj (Av.)|

3. Avmgvwb wKZv‡ei cÖwZ wek¦vmgvbeRvwZi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ Avjøvn ZvAvjv hy‡M hy‡M bwe-ivmyjM‡Yi wbKU Avmgvwb wKZve bvwhjK‡i‡Qb| G¸‡jv n‡jv Avjøvn ZvAvjvi cweÎ evYxmgwó| Gme wKZv‡e Avjøvn ZvAvjv ¯^xq cwiPq I¶gZvi eY©bv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| gvby‡li Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ bvbv Av‡`k-wb‡la cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| GwKZve¸‡jv Avmgvwb wKZve bv‡g cwiwPZ| Avjøvn ZvAvjv bwe-ivmyjM‡Yi gva¨‡g Gme wKZve Avgv‡ìwbKU †cuŠwQ‡q‡Qb|

Avmgvwb wKZve me©‡gvU GKkZ Pvi (104) Lvbv| Zb¥‡a¨ 100wU †QvU| G¸‡jv‡K ejv nq mwndv| AvievwK 4 Lvbv eo| G¸‡jv n‡jv- ZvIivZ, hveyi, BbwRj I KziAvb| Avj KziAvb n‡jv me©‡kªô Ime©‡kl Avmgvwb wKZve| G‡Z Ávb-weÁv‡bi mKj welq mwbœ‡ewkZ i‡q‡Q| GwU gymjgvb‡ì ag©MÖš’Z_v cwic~Y© Rxeb-weavb|

4. bwe-ivmyjM‡Yi cÖwZ wek¦vmgvbeRvwZi †n`vqv‡Zi Rb¨ Avjøvn ZvAvjv hy‡M hy‡M eû bwe-ivmyj cvwV‡q‡Qb| Zuviv gvbyl‡K Avjøvniw`‡K AvnŸvb Ki‡Zb| Zuviv mZ¨-wg_¨v, b¨vq-Ab¨vq wk¶v w`‡Zb| †Kvb c‡_ Pj‡j gvbyl `ywbqv IAvwLiv‡Z Kj¨vY jvf Ki‡e Zv †`wL‡q w`‡Zb| bwe-ivmyjMY wQ‡jb gvbeRvwZi gnvb wk¶K| AvjøvnZvAvjv Zuv‡ì‡K we‡klfv‡e g‡bvbxZ K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv wQ‡jb wb®úvc| m„wóKz‡ji g‡a¨ Zv‡ì m¤§vb Igh©v`vB me©vwaK|

me©cÖ_g bwe wQ‡jb nhiZ Av`g (Av.)| Avi me©‡kl bwe I ivmyj n‡jb nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)| wZwbwQ‡jb mvB‡q¨`yj gyimvwjb ev ivmyjM‡Yi m`©vi| wZwb Avgv‡ì bwe, Bmjv‡gi bwe| Avgiv ZuviB D¤§Z|

5. AvwLiv‡Zi cÖwZ wek¦vmAvwLivZ n‡jv ciKvj| `ywbqvi Rxe‡bi ci gvby‡li AviI GKwU Rxeb i‡q‡Q| G Rxeb ¯’vqx IAbšÍKvje¨vcx| GUvB n‡jv ciKvj| AvwLivZ ev ciKv‡ji ïiy Av‡Q wKšÍy †kl †bB| wKqvgZ, Kei,nvki, wghvb, wmivZ, RvbœvZ, Rvnvbœvg BZ¨vw` AvwLivZ Rxe‡bi G‡KKwU ¯Íi| AvwLivZ n‡jv Kg©dj†fv‡Mi ¯’vb| gvbyl `ywbqvi Rxe‡b †hgb KvR Ki‡e AvwLiv‡Z †Zgb dj †fvM Ki‡e| fv‡jv KvRKi‡j AvwLiv‡Z cyi¯‹vi cv‡e| Zvi ¯’vb n‡e Rvbœv‡Z| Avi †h Lvivc KvR Ki‡e †m kvw¯Í †fvMKi‡e| Zvi wVKvbv n‡e Rvnvbœvg|

AvKvB` 3

6. ZvKw`‡ii cÖwZ wek¦vmZvKwì A_© fvM¨| ZvKwì Avjøvn ZvAvjv †_‡K wba©vwiZ| fv‡jv-g›` hv wKQz nq meB Avjøvn ZvAvjviûKz‡g nq| myZivs `ywbqv‡Z fv‡jv wKQz jvf Ki‡j Avb‡›` AvZ¥nviv nIqv hv‡e bv| eis GwU AvjøvniB`vb| ZvB Avjøvn ZvAvjvi †kvKi ev K…ZÁZv cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨w`‡K wec‡`-Avc‡` ev †Kv‡bv¶wZi m¤§yLxb n‡j nZvk nIqv hv‡e bv| Ab¨vq I `ybx©wZ Kiv hv‡e bv| eis GwUI Avjøvn ZvAvjviZid †_‡KB G‡m‡Q| myZivs G Ae¯’vq mei ev âh©aviY Ki‡Z n‡e| Avjøvni wbKU mvnvh¨ PvB‡Zn‡e| AZGe, Avgiv ZvKw`‡i wek¦vm Kie Ges mva¨g‡Zv †bK KvR Kie|

7. g„Zzï ci cybiyÌv‡bi cÖwZ wek¦vmg„Zzï ci Avgv‡ì cybivq RxweZ Kiv n‡e| `ywbqvi cÖ_g gvbe nhiZ Av`g (Av.) †_‡K wKqvgZ ch©šÍhZ gvbyl Avm‡e mKj‡KB Avjøvn ZvAvjv RxweZ Ki‡eb| G‡KB ejv nq cybiyÌvb| G mgq mevBnvk‡ii gq`v‡b mg‡eZ n‡e| Avjøvn ZvAvjv †mw`b cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wbKU wbR wbR Avg‡ji wnmve PvB‡eb|Avgv‡ì †mw`b Zuvi wbKU Revew`wn Ki‡Z n‡e| Avjøvn ZvAvjv †mLv‡b cvc-cy‡Yï IRb Ki‡eb,wnmve †b‡eb| wZwbB n‡eb GKgvÎ wePviK| AZtci fv‡jv Kv‡Ri cyi¯‹vi I g›` Kv‡Ri Rb¨ kvw¯Í†Ìqv n‡e|

DwjøwLZ mvZwU wel‡qi cÖwZ wek¦vm Kiv Acwinvh©| G¸‡jvi cÖwZ AvšÍwiK wek¦vm, †gŠwLK ¯xK…wZ IZ`byhvqx Avgj Ki‡j Avgiv cÖK…Z gywgb n‡Z cvie|

Bgvb Avbvi ïf cwiYvgBgvb Avjøvni GKwU eo wbqvgZ| Bgv‡bi gva¨‡g gvbyl `ywbqv I AvwLiv‡Z Kj¨vY jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i|gywgb e¨w³ `ywbqv‡Z kª×v, m¤§vb, Kj¨vY I mvdj¨ jvf K‡ib| mK‡jB Zuv‡K fv‡jvev‡m| AvjøvnZvAvjv e‡jb-

A_©: ÒAvi m¤§vb †Zv †Kej Avjøvn, Zuvi ivmyj Ges gywgb‡ì Rb¨B|Ó (myiv Avj gybvwdKzb, AvqvZ 8)

gywgb e¨w³ Avjøvn I Zuvi ivmy‡ji wcÖqcvÎ| Avjøvn ZvAvjv gywgb‡ì fv‡jvev‡mb| AvwLiv‡Z wZwbgywgb‡ì wPikvwšÍi RvbœvZ `vb Ki‡eb| gywgbMY †mLv‡b wPiKvj _vK‡eb| Rvbœv‡Zi mKj wbqvgZ†fvM Ki‡eb| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb-

A_© : ÒwbðqB hviv Bgvb Av‡b I mrKg© K‡i Zuv‡ì Avc¨vq‡bi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q wdi`vDm RvbœvZ| †mLv‡bZviv wPiKvj _vK‡e|Ó (myiv Avj-Kvnvd, AvqvZ 107-108)

Avgiv Bgv‡bi cÖwZwU welq m¤ú‡K© fv‡jvfv‡e coe| G m¤ú‡K© Rvbe Ges `„pfv‡e wek¦vm Kie|AZtci G¸‡jvi AbymiY K‡i wbR Rxeb M‡o Zzje| Avgiv memgq †bK KvR Kie| KL‡bv Ab¨vq IAZ¨vPvi Kie bv| Gfv‡e Avgiv `ywbqv I AvwLiv‡Z kvwšÍ I mdjZv jvf Ki‡Z m¶g ne|


KvR : wk¶v_x©iv-K. Bgv‡bi mvZwU welq wj‡L GKwU †cv÷vi ˆZwi K‡i †kªwYK‡¶ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

L. Bgv‡bi mvZwU wel‡qi weeiY evwo †_‡K LvZvq wj‡L G‡b wk¶K‡K †`Lv‡e|

M. `‡j wef³ n‡q Bgvb Avbvi Kx Kx ïf cwiYvg i‡q‡Q Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i †kªwY‡ZDc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

cvV 2

wbdvK ( )

cwiPqwbdvK k‡ãi A_© fÊvwg, KcUZv, cÖZviYv, wØgyLx bxwZ BZ¨vw`| Bmjvwg cwifvlvq gy‡L Bgv‡bi ¯xKviI AšÍ‡i Awek¦vm Kiv‡K wbdvK ejv nq| †h e¨w³ Giƒc K‡i Zv‡K ejv nq gybvwdK| gybvwdKivmvaviYZ mvgvwRK I cvw_©e jv‡fi Rb¨ Giƒc K‡i _v‡K| Zviv gymjgvb I Kvwdi Dfq `‡ji mv‡_B_v‡K| cÖKv‡k¨ Zviv wb‡R‡ì gymjgvb e‡j `vwe K‡i| wKšÍy †Mvc‡b Zviv Bmjvg‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i|Zv‡ì Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡j‡Qb-

A_©: ÒhLb Zviv (gybvwdKiv) Bgvb`vi‡ì mv‡_ wgwjZ nq ZLb e‡j wbðqB Avgiv Bgvb G‡bwQ| AvihLb Zviv †Mvc‡b Zv‡ì kqZvb‡ì mv‡_ wgwjZ nq ZLb e‡j, Avgiv †Zv †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_B AvwQ|Avgiv ïay Zv‡ì mv‡_ VvÆv-Zvgvkv K‡i _vwK|Ó (myiv Avj evKviv, AvqvZ 14)

GK K_vq AšÍ‡i Kzdi †i‡L gy‡L gy‡L Bgv‡bi K_v cÖKvk‡K wbdvK e‡j| Avi Giƒc cÖKvkKvix n‡jvgybvwdK|

gybvwdK‡ì PwiÎwbdvK n‡jv ˆbwZKZv I gvbweKZvi Av`‡k©i wecixZ KvR| gybvwdK‡ì PwiÎ †`L‡j Avgiv G mZ¨Rvb‡Z cvB| Zviv meai‡bi Ab¨vq I g›` KvR K‡i _v‡K| DËg AvPiY I DËg PwiÎ Zviv KL‡bvBAbykxjb K‡i bv| eis wg_¨v I cÖZviYvB Zv‡ì cÖavb KvR| Avjøvn cvK e‡jb-

A_© : ÒAvi Avjøvn mv¶¨ †`b †h, gybvwdKiv wbðqB wg_¨vev`x|Ó (myiv gybvwdKzb, AvqvZ 1)

ivmyjyjøvn (m.) eû nvw`‡m gybvwdK‡ì PwiÎ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| GKwU nvw`‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q-

AvKvB` 5

A_© : gybvwd‡Ki wb`k©b wZbwU| hLb K_v e‡j wg_¨v e‡j, Iqv`v Ki‡j Zv f½ K‡i Ges hLb ZviwbKU †Kv‡bv wKQz Mw”QZ ivLv nq ZLb Zvi wLqvbZ K‡i| (mwnn eyLvwi I mwnn gymwjg)

wbdv‡Ki Kzdj I cwiYwZwbdvK RNb¨Zg cvc| GUv gvby‡li PwiÎ aŸsm K‡i †d‡j| wbdv‡Ki d‡j gvbyl Ab¨vq I Akøxj Kv‡RAf¨¯Í n‡q hvq| d‡j gvby‡li ˆbwZK I gvbweK g~j¨‡eva webó nq| wbdv‡Ki Øviv gvby‡li g‡aÄwek¦vm I m‡›`‡ni m„wó nq| d‡j gvbe mgv‡R gvivgvwi, nvbvnvwb I AkvwšÍi m„wó nq|

gybvwdKiv Bmjv‡gi Pig kÎy| Giv evB‡i gymjgvb e‡j `vwe K‡i| wKšyÍ cÖK…Zc‡¶ Giv Kvwdi‡ìc‡¶ KvR K‡i| G‡ì †Mvcb kÎyZv gymjgvb‡ì wec‡` †d‡j| G kÎyiv ¸ßPi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|Bmjvg I gymjgvb‡ì †Mvcb K_v I `ye©jZv cÖKvk K‡i †`q| Giv gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ gZv‰bK¨ Igvivgvwi m„wói †Póv K‡i| cÖKvk¨ kÎyi Zzjbvq †Mvcb kÎy †ewk ¶wZKi| †Kbbv cÖKvk¨ kÎyi weiy‡×AvZ¥i¶vg~jK eë¯’v Aej¤^b Kiv hvq| wKšÍy †h †Mvc‡b kÎæZv K‡i Zv‡K †Pbv hvq bv| Zvi ¶wZ†_‡K euvPvi Rb¨ AvZ¥i¶v KiviI my‡hvM cvIqv hvq bv| d‡j †m eÜz †e‡k mn‡RB eo ¶wZmvabKi‡Z cv‡i| Gme Kvi‡Y `ywbqv‡Z gybvwdKiv N„„wYZ I wbw›`Z nq| AvwLiv‡ZI Zv‡ì Rb¨ i‡q‡QRvnvbœv‡gi Avhve| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb-

A_© : ÒwbðqB gybvwdK‡ì ¯’vb Rvnvbœv‡gi me©wbgœ ¯Í‡i|Ó (myiv Avb-wbmv, AvqvZ 145)

Avgiv mK‡jB wbdvK †_‡K †eu‡P _vKe| nvw`‡m †hme KvR gybvwd‡Ki wb`k©b wn‡m‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡QAvgiv †m¸‡jv eR©b Kie| LuvwU gywgb wn‡m‡e Rxebhvc‡bi †Póv Kie|

KvR : wk¶v_x©ivÑ

K. `‡j wef³ n‡q gybvwd‡Ki wb`k©b¸‡jv wj‡L GKwU †cv÷vi ˆZwi K‡i †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

L. wbdv‡Ki Kzdj I cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© 10wU evK¨ wj‡L wk¶K‡K †`Lv‡e|

cvV 3

AvmgvDj ûmbv ( )

AvmgvDj ûmbv k‡ãi A_© my›ì bvgmg~n| Bmjvwg cwifvlvq Avjøvn ZvAvjvi ¸YevPK bvgmg~n‡KGK‡Î AvmgvDj ûmbv ejv nq| Avj KziAv‡b Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Giƒc eû ¸YevPK bvg D‡jøL Kivn‡q‡Q| nvw`m kwi‡d Avjøvn ZvAvjvi 99wU ¸YevPK bv‡gi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| cÖK…Zc‡¶ AvjøvnZvAvjvi ¸YevPK bvg AmsL¨| Zb¥‡a¨ me‡P‡q cÖwm× I weL¨vZ n‡jv 99wU bvg| †hgbÑ Avwjg,Lvwei, ivh&hvK, Mvd&dvi, ivwng, ivngvb BZ¨vw`|


¸iæZ¡ I Zvrch©AvmgvDj ûmbvi ¸iyZ¡ I Zvrch© Acwimxg| G bvg¸‡jv Zuvi cwiPq I ¶gZvi cÖKvk NUvq| Gbvg¸‡jvi gva¨‡g Avgiv Avjøvn ZvAvjvi ¸Y I êwkó¨ Rvb‡Z cvwi| d‡j Zuvi Av‡`k-wb‡la cvjbKi‡Z mnR nq|

G bvg¸‡jvi Øviv Avgiv Avjøvn ZvAvjv‡K WvK‡Z cvwi| wZwb Gme bv‡g WvK‡j Lywk nb| Gme bvga‡i Avgiv gybvRvZ Ki‡Z cvwi| wZwb ¯qs e‡j‡Qb-

A_© : ÒAvjøvni Rb¨B i‡q‡Q my›ì bvgmg~n| myZivs †Zvgiv Zuv‡K †m mKj bvg ØvivB Wv‡Kv| hviv Zuvibvg weK…Z K‡i Zv‡ì‡K eR©b K‡iv| AwP‡iB K…ZK‡g©i dj Zv‡ì cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|Ó (myiv Avj-Avivd, AvqvZ 180)

Avjøvn ZvAvjvi ¸YevPK bvgmg~n Avgv‡ì‡K DËg PwiÎevb n‡Z AbycÖvwYZ K‡i| Avjøvn ZvAvjviGme ¸Y AR©‡bi Rb¨ gvbyl Zvi Rxe‡b PP©v Ki‡j mrPwiÎevb nq| mgv‡R ˆbwZK I gvbweK g~j¨‡evacÖwZwôZ nq| Avj KziAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q-

A_© : ÒAvgiv MÖnY Kijvg Avjøvni is, Avi i‡O Avjøvn A‡c¶v Avi †K AwaKZi my›ì?Ó (myiv AvjevKviv, AvqvZ 138)

Avjøvni is n‡jv Avjøvni `xb I Zuvi ¸Yvewj| Avi m‡e©vËg ¸Yvewj‡Zv AvjøvniB| myZivs Avjøvni¸Yvewji AbymiY Ki‡j DËg PwiÎevb nIqv m¤¢e| wbgœewY©Z G cv‡V Avgiv Avjøvn ZvAvjvi KwZcq¸‡Yi mv‡_ cwiwPZ ne|

Avjøvû Mvd&dviyb ( )Mvd&dvi k‡ãi A_© AwZ ¶gvkxj| Avjøvny Mvd&dviyb A_© Avjøvn AwZ ¶gvkxj| Avjøvn ZvAvjvi ¶gvAcwimxg| wZwb me‡P‡q eo ¶gvkxj| wZwb e‡jb-

A_© : ÒAvi Avwg Aek¨B AwZ ¶gvkxj Zv‡ì cÖwZ hviv ZvIev K‡i‡Q, Bgvb G‡b‡Q Ges mrKg©K‡i‡Q AZtci †m mrc‡_ AwePj _v‡K|Ó (myiv Zv-nv, AvqvZ 82)

Avjøvn ZvAvjv Avgv‡ì m„wóKZ©v| wZwb Avgv‡ì eû wbqvgZ `vb K‡i‡Qb| wKšÍy A‡bK gvbylBAnsKvi I g~L©ZvekZ Avjøvn ZvAvjv‡K fy‡j hvq| Zuvi cÖwZ K…ZÁZv cÖKvk K‡i bv| wZwb Zr¶YvrZv‡K kvw¯Í †`b bv, eis my‡hvM †`b| ev›`v hw` Zvi cv‡ci Rb¨ AbyZß nq Ges ZvIev K‡i Z‡e wZwbgvd K‡i †`b| eo eo cvcxI hw` ZvIev K‡i Zvn‡jI wZwb ¶gv K‡ib| Zvi ¶gv Zzjbvnxb|

AvKvB` 7

Avgiv Rvbv-ARvbvq A‡bK ¸bvn K‡i †dwj| ZvB memgq Avgiv Avjøvni wbKU ¶gv PvBe| wZwb AwZ¶gvkxj| wZwb Avgv‡ì ¶gv K‡i †`‡eb|

Avjøvû mvgv`yb ( )

mvgv`yb k‡ãi A_© AgyLv‡c¶x| Avjøvû mvgv`yb A_© Avjøvn AgyLv‡c¶x| Avjøvn ZvAvjv Kv‡iv gyLv‡c¶xbb| wZwb ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©| Avj KziAv‡b wZwb wb‡RB e‡j‡Qb- A_©: ÒAvjøvn AgyLv‡c¶x|Ó (myivAvj-BLjvm, AvqvZ 02)

Avjøvn ZvAvjv LvwjK ev m„wóKZ©v| wZwb e¨ZxZ mewKQzB gvLjyK ev m„wó| mKj m„wóB Zuvi gyLv‡c¶x|Rb¥-g„Zz¨, †e‡o IVv mewKQzi Rb¨ mKj m„wó Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Kzì‡Zi gyLv‡c¶x| wZwb Kv‡ivgyLv‡c¶x bb| wZwb mKj cÖ‡qvRb I Pvwn`vi D‡aŸ©| mKj cÖKvi jvf-†jvKmvb, ¶q-¶wZ, †`vl-ÎywU†_‡K wZwb gy³ ev cweÎ| wek¦RMr m„wó‡Z Zuvi †Kv‡bv mvnvh¨Kvixi cÖ‡qvRb nq wb| m„wóRMrcwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y Kivi RbÏ Zuvi †Kv‡bv mvnvh¨Kvixi ìKvi †bB| eo eo mvMi gnvmvMi, cvnvoce©Z Zuvi GK ûKz‡gB ˆZwi n‡q hvq| RwUj RwUj m„wóI Zuvi ÔnIÕ ejvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Aw¯ÍZ¡ jvfK‡i| myZivs wZwb mvnvh¨Kvix e¨ZxZB gnvb mªóv|

Zuvi †Kv‡bv wKQziB cÖ‡qvRb †bB| GgbwK Bev`Z e‡›`wM I cÖksmviI wZwb gyLv‡c¶x bb| gvby‡liwb‡Ri Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨B Bev`Z e‡›`wM Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| wZwb Lv`¨-cvbxq, wb`ªv, wekªvg BZ¨vwì D‡aŸ©|GK K_vq wZwb ¯qs m¤ú~Y© I AgyLv‡c¶x GKgvÎ mËv|

Avgiv Avjøvn ZvAvjvi G ¸Y Dcjwä Kie| wb‡R wb‡R ¯^vej¤^x nIqvi †Póv Kie| cigyLv‡cw¶ZveR©b Kie| Avjøvn e¨ZxZ Avi Kv‡iv wbKU mvnvh¨ PvBe bv|

Avjøvû ivDdzb ( )

ivDdzb k‡ãi A_© AwZkq `qvevb, cig `qvjy, AwZ †mœnkxj| Avjøvû ivDdzb A_©- Avjøvn AwZ`qvevb, AZ¨šÍ †mœnkxj| Avjøvn ZvAvjvi `qv I KiyYvi †kl †bB| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb-

A_©: ÒwbðqB Avjøvn gvby‡li cÖwZ AZ¨šÍ †mœnkxj, cig `qvjy|Ó (myiv Avj-evKviv, AvqvZ 143)

Avgv‡ì cÖwZ Avjøvn ZvAvjvi `qv I KiyYvi †kl †bB| wZwb Avgv‡ì m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Gici wZwb `qvI †mœ‡ni gva¨‡g Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjb K‡ib| wZwb gvZv-wcZv, AvZ¥xq-¯R‡bi g‡a¨ gvqv-fv‡jvevmvmÂvi K‡i †`b| Zuviv Avgv‡ì †mev w`‡q eo K‡ib| Avgiv bvdigvwb Ki‡jI wZwb `ywbqv‡Z Avgv‡ìZr¶Yvr kvw¯Í †`b bv| eis KiyYvekZ Avgv‡ì my‡hvM †`b| Avgiv ZvIev Ki‡j wZwb `qv K‡iAvgv‡ì ¶gv K‡ib| Avgv‡ì ingZ I eiKZ `vb K‡ib| `ywbqv I AvwLiv‡Zi mKj Kj¨vYB Zuvi`vb| wZwb KiyYv I `qvi Avavi|


AvgivI Avjøvn ZvAvjvi G ¸‡Yi PP©v Kie| ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ Avgiv `qvkxj ne| KvD‡K AvNvZ Kiebv| eis †mœn, gvqv, ggZv I fv‡jvevmv w`‡q mKj‡K Avcb K‡i †be|

Avjøvû nvwmeyb ( )

nvwmeyb A_© wnmve MÖnYKvix| Avjøvny nvwmeyb A_© Avjøvn wnmve MÖnYKvix| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb-

A_© : ÒwbðqB Avjøvn mKj wel‡q wnmve MÖnYKvix|Ó (myiv Avb-wbmv, AvqvZ 86)

Avjøvn ZvAvjv wKqvg‡Zi w`b gvby‡li mKj K…ZK‡g©i wnmve †b‡eb| nvk‡ii gq`v‡b wZwbB n‡ebGKgvÎ wePviK| Avj KziAv‡b ewY©Z n‡q‡Q-

A_© : ÒwZwb (Avjøvn) wePvi w`‡bi gvwjK|Ó (myiv Avj-dvwZnv, AvqvZ 3)

†mw`b wZwb mKj gvby‡li nv‡Z Avgjbvgv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| Avgjbvgvq cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki me Kv‡Ri wnmve †jLv_vK‡e| †QvU-eo, B”Qvq-Awb”Qvq, †Mvc‡b-cÖKv‡k¨ K…Z meai‡bi Kv‡RiB †mw`b wnmve †bIqv n‡e|Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb-

A_© : Òhw` †Zvgiv g‡bi K_v cÖKvk Ki wKsev †Mvcb ivL, Avjøvn †Zvgv‡ì KvQ †_‡K ZviI wnmve†b‡eb| Ó (myiv Avj-evKviv, AvqvZ 284)

mKj‡KB †mw`b Avjøvni wbKU Revew`wn Ki‡Z n‡e| cvc cy‡Yï wnmve bv w`‡q †mw`b †KDB †invBcv‡e bv| Avjøvn ZvAvjv cy•Lvbycy•Lfv‡e mK‡jiB wnmve †b‡eb| GRb¨B wZwb nvwme ev m~²wnmveMÖnYKvix|

Avgiv Avjøvn ZvAvjvi G ¸YwUi Zvrch© eySe| Zvici wb‡RB wbR Avg‡ji wnmve ivLe| cÖwZw`b iv‡ZH w`‡bi cvc-cy‡Yï wnmve Kie| AZtci cv‡ci Rb¨ ¶gv cÖv_©bv Kie Ges fwel¨‡Z cvc Avi bvKi‡Z †Póv Kie|

Avjøvny gynvBwgbyb ( )

gynvBwgbyb k‡ãi A_© wbivcËv`vbKvix, i¶Yv‡e¶YKvix, Avkªq`vZv| Avjøvû gynvBwgbyb A_© AvjøvnAvkªq`vZv| Avjøvn ZvAvjv n‡jb cÖK…Z i¶vKZ©v| wZwbB GKgvÎ Ges me©‡kl Avkªq¯’j| AvjøvnZvAvjvB Avgv‡ì i¶K| wZwb Avgv‡ì wec`vc` †_‡K i¶v K‡ib| kqZv‡bi Kzgš¿Yv †_‡K wZwbB†ndvhZ K‡ib| wnsmyK, hv`yKi, lohš¿Kvix, mK‡ji Awbó †_‡K i¶vKvix GKgvÎ wZwbB| Zuvimyi¶vB cÖK…Z myi¶v| †KD Zuvi myi¶v †f` Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wZwb hv‡K i¶v K‡ib †KD Zvi †Kv‡bv

AvKvB` 9

Awbó Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| memgq mKj wec‡` ZuviB Avkªq PvB‡Z n‡e| Avj KziAvb I nvw`‡mieû¯’v‡b Avgv‡ì G wk¶v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡ì wcÖqbwe (m.) Zuvi wbKUB Avkªq cÖv_©bv Ki‡ZAvgv‡ì wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb|

Avgiv Avjøvni wbKU Avkªq cÖv_©bv Kie| wZwb Avgv‡ì i¶v Ki‡eb| Avgiv wec`Mª¯Í‡K mvnvh¨ Kie,Avkªq †è| d‡j Avjøvn ZvAvjv Avgv‡ì Ici Lywk n‡eb|

KvR : wk¶v_x©iv gnvb Avjøvni 15wU ¸YevPK bvg A_©mn GKwU ZvwjKv cÖ¯ÍyZ K‡i †kªwYK‡¶Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

cvV 4

wimvjvZ ( )

AvKvB‡ì welqmg~‡ni g‡a¨ wimvjvZ AZ¨šÍ ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| ZvIwn‡ì ciB Av‡m wimvjvZ| wimvjvZ A_©msev` enb, Lei ev wPwV †cuŠQv‡bv‡K wimvjvZ e‡j| Bmjvwg cwifvlvq Avjøvn ZvAvjvi evYx, Av‡`k-wb‡la gvby‡li wbKU †cuŠQv‡bv‡K wimvjvZ e‡j| hvuiv G msev` †cuŠQv‡bvi KvR K‡ib Zvuiv n‡jb bwe-ivmyj| wimvjvZ I bwe-ivmy‡ji Ici wek¦vm Kiv dih ev Avek¨K|

bwe-ivmy‡ji msL¨vAvjøvn ZvAvjv gvbeRvwZi †n`vqv‡Zi Rb¨ eû bwe-ivmyj G `ywbqv‡Z cvwV‡q‡Qb| c„w_ex‡Z Ggb†Kv‡bv RvwZ wQj bv †hLv‡b Avjøvn ZvAvjv bwe-ivmyj †cÖiY K‡ib wb| Avj KziAv‡b Avjøvn ZvAvjve‡j‡QbÑ

A_© : ÒAvi cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZi Rb¨ c_cÖ`k©K i‡q‡Q|Ó (myiv Avi-iv`, AvqvZ 7)

KziAvb gvwR‡` Avgiv gvÎ 25 Rb bwe-ivmy‡ji bvg †`L‡Z cvB| wKšÍy cÖK…Zc‡¶ Zv‡ì msL¨v wQjj¶vwaK| GKwU nvw`‡m nhiZ AveyRi wMdvwi (iv.) e‡jb, ÔGKevi Avwg wRÁvmv Kijvg, †n Avjøvniivmyj! bweM‡Yi msL¨v KZ? DË‡i gnvbwe (m.) ej‡jb, GK j¶ PweŸk nvRvi| Zb¥‡a¨ wZb kZ †ZiRb Aci eY©bv g‡Z wZb kZ c‡bi Rb n‡jb ivmyj|Õ (wgkKvZ)

Av‡iK eY©bv g‡Z bweM‡Yi msL¨v n‡jv `yB j¶ PweŸk nvRvi| Gu‡ì g‡a¨ me©cÖ_g bwe wQ‡jb nhiZAv`g (Av.), Avi me©‡kl bwe I ivmyj n‡jb Avgv‡ì wcÖqbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)|

bwe-ivmy‡ji cv_©KÄ_©MZ w`K †_‡K G `ywU k‡ãi g‡a¨ wKQzUv cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| Avjøvn ZvAvjv huv‡ì cÖwZ Avmgvwb wKZvebvwhj K‡i‡Qb wKsev bZzb kwiqZ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb, Zuviv n‡jb ivmyj| Avi hvi cÖwZ †Kv‡bv wKZve


AeZxY© nq wb wKsev huv‡K †Kv‡bv bZzb kwiqZ †Ìqv nq wb wZwb n‡jb bwe| wZwb Zuvi c~e©eZ©xivmy‡ji kwiqZ cÖPvi Ki‡Zb| G wn‡m‡e mKj ivmyjB bwe wQ‡jb| wKšÍy mKj bwe ivmyj wQ‡jb bv|†hgbÑ Avgv‡ì gnvbwe (m.) wQ‡jb GKvav‡i bwe I ivmyj| Aciw`‡K nhiZ nviyb (Av.) wQ‡jb gvÎbwe| Zuvi cÖwZ †Kv‡bv wKZve bvwhj nq wb| wZwb nhiZ gymv (Av.)-Gi kwiqZ cÖPvi Ki‡Zb|

wimvjv‡Zi gg©bwe-ivmyjMY wQ‡jb gvby‡li cÖwZ Avjøvn ZvAvjvi we‡kl wbqvgZ ¯îƒc| Zviv mKj‡K ZvIwn‡ì c‡_WvK‡Zb| Kzdi, wkiK, wbdvK †_‡K mZK© Ki‡Zb| DËg PwiÎ I ˆbwZK wk¶v cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb|bweM‡Yi `vIqv‡Zi g~j K_v Avjøvni GKZ¡ev` Ges Zuvi wewa-weavb cÖPvi Kiv| G m¤ú‡K© Avj-KziAv‡b ewY©Z n‡q‡Q,

A_© : Ò†n Avgvi m¤cÖ`vq! †Zvgiv Avjøvni Bev`Z Ki| wZwb e¨ZxZ †Zvgv‡ì †Kv‡bv Bjvn †bB|Ó(myiv Avj-Avivd, AvqvZ 73)

bwe-ivmyjM‡Yi `vwqZ¡‡KB ejv nq wimvjvZ| G wimvjv‡Zi gg© eY©bv K‡i Avjøvn e‡jb-

A_©: Avjøvni Bev`Z Kivi I Zv¸Z‡K eR©b Kivi wb‡`©k †`qvi Rb¨ Avwg †Zv cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZi g‡a¨Bivmyj cvwV‡qwQ| (myiv Avb-bvnj, AvqvZ 36)

bwe ivmyjMY Avjøvn ZvAvjvi †Ìqv G `vwqZ¡ h_vh_fv‡e cvjb K‡ib| hviv Zuv‡ì AvbyMZ¨ IAbymiY K‡i‡Q Zviv mdjKvg n‡q‡Q| Avgiv Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î wcÖqbwe (m.) Gi AvbxZ weavbAbymiY Kie Zvn‡j AvgivI mdjKvg ne|

KvR : wk¶v_x©iv wimvjvZ cvVwU bxi‡e co‡e AZtci wimvjv‡Zi gg© m¤ú‡K© cuvPwU evK¨ wj‡Lwk¶K‡K †`Lv‡e|

cvV 5

LZ‡g beyqZ

LZg k‡ãi A_© †kl, mgvß, Avi beyqZ A_© cqMv¤vwi, bweM‡Yi `vwqZ¡ BZ¨vw`| myZivs LZ‡g beyqZA_© bweM‡Yi `vwq‡Z¡i cwimgvwß ev beyq‡Zi mgvwß| gvbeRvwZi wn`vqv‡Zi Rb¨ Avjøvn ZvAvjvhy‡M hy‡M eû bwe-ivmyj †cÖiY K‡ib| G µgaviv ïiy nq nhiZ Av`g (Av.)-Gi gva¨‡g, Avi nhiZgynv¤§` (m.)-Gi AvMg‡bi gva¨‡g †kl nq| beyqZ Z_v bwe-ivmyj AvMg‡bi G µgavivwUi mgvwß‡KBLZ‡g beyqZ ejv nq|

AvKvB` 11

huvi gva¨‡g G µgaviv †kl nq wZwb n‡jb LvZvgyb bvwewq¨b ev bweM‡Yi †klRb| Avi wZwb n‡jbgnvbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)|

gg©Avgv‡ì wcÖqbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) n‡jb me©‡kªô I me©‡kl bwe| wZwb n‡jb LvZvgyb bvwewq¨b| Zuvici AvR ch©šÍ †Kv‡bv bwe Av‡mb wb Avi wKqvgZ ch©šÍ Avm‡eI bv| Zuvi gva¨‡g bwe-ivmy‡ji AvMg‡biaviv eÜ K‡i †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| LZ‡g beyq‡Zi Ici wek¦vm Kiv Acwinvh©| G‡Z wek¦vm bv Ki‡j gvbylBgvb`vi n‡Z cv‡i bv|

LZ‡g beyq‡Zi cÖgvYgnvbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) wQ‡jb me©‡kl bwe| Zuvi gva¨‡g beyq‡Zi µgaviv cwic~Y©Zv jvf K‡i‡Q|KziAvb-nvw`‡mi eû ¯’v‡b G welqwU ¯úó K‡i eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wb‡gœ Avgiv LZ‡g beyqZ Gi wKQycÖgvY ¯úófv‡e Rvbe|

Avj KziAv‡bi `wjjcweÎ KziAv‡b Avjøvn ZvAvjv mivmwi gnvbwe (m.)-†K LvZvgyb bvwewq¨b e‡j‡Qb| gnvb Avjøvn e‡jb-

A_© : Ògynv¤§` †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cyiy‡li wcZv bb| eis wZwb †Zv Avjøvni ivmyj I me©‡kl bwe|Ó(myiv Avj-Avnhve, AvqvZ 40)

nvw`m kwi‡di `wjjeû nvw`‡m LZ‡g beyq‡Zi cÖgvY i‡q‡Q| wb‡gœ Avgiv G m¤ú‡K© KwZcq nvw`m Rvb‡evÑ

1. gnvbwe (m.) e‡jbÑ

A_©: ÒAvwgB †kl bwe| Avgvi ci Avi †Kv‡bv bwe Avm‡eb bv|Ó (mwnn gymwjg)

2. ivmyjyjøvn (m.) e‡jb- ÒwimvjvZ I beyq‡Zi aviv eÜ K‡i †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Avgvi ci Avi †Kv‡bvbwe I ivmyj Avm‡eb bv|Ó (Rvwg wZiwgwh)

3. bwe Kvwig (m.) e‡jb- Òewb BmivB‡j bweMYB †bZ…Z¡ w`‡Zb| hLbB †Kv‡bv bwe BwšÍKvj Ki‡ZbZLbB cieZx© bwe Zuvi ¯’jvwfwl³ n‡Zb| wKšÍy Avgvi ci Avi †Kv‡bv bwe Avm‡eb bv|Ó (mwnneyLvwi)

4. GKwU nvw`‡m gnvbwe (m.) Dcgvi gva¨‡g LZ‡g beyqZ e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb, ÒAvwg IAvgvi c~e©eZx© bweM‡Yi `„óvšÍ n‡jv Giƒc †h, GK †jvK GKwU `vjvb wbg©vY Kij| Lye my›ì I†jvfbxq K‡i Zv mw¾Z Kij| wKšÍy Zvi GK †Kv‡Y GKwU B‡Ui ¯’vb duvKv wQj| †jvKRb


`vjvbwUi Pviw`‡K Ny‡i Gi †mŠ›`h© †`LwQj Avi we¯§q cÖKvk KiwQj Ges ejwQj- ÒG †Kv‡YGKwU BU ivLv nq wb †Kb? e¯ÍyZ AvwgB †m BU Ges Avwg †kl bwe|Ó (mwnn eyLvwi)

cy‡iv `vjv‡b GKwU BU jvMv‡bv evwK wQj| BU jvMv‡ZB †m `vjvb cwic~Y© n‡q †Mj| beyqZI †ZgwbGKwU `vjv‡bi m`„k| †mB `vjv‡bi me©‡kl BU gnvbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)| Zuvi gva¨‡gB `vjv‡bime©‡kl BU jvMv‡bv nq| cwic~Y© n‡q †Mj wbg©vYKvR| d‡j bZyb K‡i `vjv‡bi Avi †Kv_vI BUjvMv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb co‡e bv| A_©vr bwe AvmviI ìKvi co‡e bv|

†hŠw³K cÖgvY

hyw³i gva¨‡gI Avgiv LZ‡g beyq‡Zi cÖgvY jvf Ki‡Z cvwi| †hgb- hyw³i Av‡jv‡K †`Lv hvq GKbwei ci Ab¨ bwe mvaviYZ wZbwU Kvi‡Y G‡m _v‡Kb| h_v-

K. c~e©eZx© bwei wk¶v wejyß ev weK…Z n‡q †M‡j|

L. c~e©eZx© bwei wk¶v Am¤ú~Y© n‡q co‡j wKsev Zv‡Z bZzb wKQz ms‡hvRb-we‡qvR‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j|

M. c~e©eZx© bwei wk¶v †Kv‡bv we‡kl ¯’vb ev Kv‡ji Rb¨ wbw`©ó n‡j|

DcwiD³ KviY¸‡jvi †Kv‡bvwUB eZ©gvbKv‡j cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| †Kbbv-

1. nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi wk¶v I Av`k© AvR ch©šÍ we`¨gvb| GwU we›`ygvÎ wejyß ev weK…Z nq wb|myZivs bZzb †Kv‡bv bwe Avmvi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb †bB|

2. ivmyj (m.)-Gi wk¶v I `xb Bmjvg cwic~Y© I c~Y©v½| G‡Z †Kv‡bv Am¤ú~Y©Zv †bB| G‡Z †Kv‡bviƒcms‡hvRb I we‡qvR‡biI cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Avjøvn ZvAvjvB e‡j‡Qb-

A_© : ÒAvR Avwg †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ †Zvgv‡ì `xb‡K cwic~Y© K‡i w`jvg, †Zvgv‡ì Ici Avgvi wbqvgZ‡Km¤ú~Y© Kijvg Ges Bmjvg‡K †Zvgv‡ì `xb wn‡m‡e g‡bvbxZ Kijvg|Ó (myiv gvwq`v, AvqvZ 3)

3. bwe Kvwig (m.) †Kv‡bv we‡kl ¯’vb ev Kv‡ji Rb¨ Av‡mb wb| eis wZwb me©Kv‡ji mK‡ji bwe|wKqvgZ ch©šÍ mKj ¯’v‡bi gvby‡li bwe| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb-

A_©: ÒAvwg †Zv Avcbv‡K mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi cÖwZ mymsev``vZv I fq cÖ`k©bKvix wn‡m‡e †cÖiY K‡iwQ|Ó(myiv mvev, AvqvZ 28)

AvKvB` 13

A_© : Òejyb, †n gvbyl! Avwg †Zvgv‡ì mK‡ji Rb¨ Avjøvni ivmyj|Ó (myiv Avivd, AvqvZ 158)

bwe AvMg‡bi wZbwU Kvi‡Yi GKwUI eZ©gv‡b cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| myZivs bZyb †Kv‡bv bwe AvMg‡biIcÖ‡qvRb †bB| Avgv‡ì bweB †kl bwe| wZwbB LvZvgyb bvwewq¨b|

KvR : wk¶v_x©iv LZ‡g beyqZ cvVwU bxi‡e co‡e| †kªwYi mK‡j wg‡j wZbRb e³v wbe©vPbKi‡e| Gevi wZbR‡bi GKRb LZ‡g beyq‡Zi Ici KziAv‡bi `wjj, Av‡iKRb nvw`m kwi‡di`wjj Ges Ab¨Rb †hŠw³K cÖgvY Dc¯’vcb K‡i e³e¨ ivL‡e| Zv‡ì e³e¨ †kªwYi mK‡jg‡bv‡hvM w`‡q ïb‡e| wk¶K g‡nv`q mfvcwZ I mgšqK wn‡m‡e G Kv‡R mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡eb|mK‡j Abyôvb †k‡l e³v‡ì abëv` Rvbv‡e|

cvV 6

AvwLivZ

AvwLivZ n‡jv g„Zzï cieZx© Rxeb| evsjv fvlvq G‡K ciKvj ejv nq| Bmjvwg cwifvlvq g„Zyï mv‡_mv‡_ gvby‡li †h bZyb Rxeb ïiy nq Zv-B ciKvj ev AvwLivZ| G Rxe‡bi ïiy Av‡Q wKšÍy †kl †bB|GwU AbšÍ I wPi¯’vqx Rxeb|

AvwLivZ ev ciKv‡ji `ywU ch©vq i‡q‡Q| h_v-

K. evihvL

L. wKqvgZ|

evihvL`ywU e¯‘i gaëZx© ch©vq‡K evihvL e‡j| gvby‡li g„Zy¨ †_‡K wKqvgZ ev cybiyÌvb ch©šÍ mgq‡K evihvLe‡j| GwU wKqvgZ I `ywbqvi Rxe‡bi gaëZx© c`©v ¯iƒc| gvby‡li g„Zyï ci G Rxe‡bi ïiy nq|Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb-

A_© : ÒAvi Zv‡ì mvg‡b i‡q‡Q evihvL hv cybiyÌvb ch©šÍ we`¨gvb _vK‡e|Ó (myiv Avj-gywgbyb, AvqvZ 100)

evihvL n‡jv Ke‡ii Rxeb| GwU AvwLiv‡Zi me©cÖ_g ch©vq| evihvL Rxe‡b gvbyl `ywbqvi fv‡jvAvg‡ji Kvi‡Y kvwšÍ †fvM Ki‡e Avi Lvivc Avg‡ji Rb¨ kvw¯Í †fvM Ki‡e|

wKqvgZwKqvgZ A_© `Êvqgvb nIqv, IVv| Bmjvwg cwifvlvq Kei †_‡K gvbyl D‡V †mw`b Avjøvni mvg‡b`Êvqgvb n‡e, ZvB G‡K ejv nq wKqvgZ| wKqvg‡Z gvbyl‡K cybivq RxweZ Kiv n‡e| Gici†bKKvi‡ì Rvbœv‡Z Ges cvcx‡ì Rvnvbœv‡g cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv n‡e|


¸iyZ¡AvwLivZ AvKvB‡ì Ab¨Zg ¸iyZ¡c~Y© welq| AvwLiv‡Zi cÖwZ Bgvb Avbv Acwinvh©| AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm bvKi‡j gvbyl Bgvb`vi n‡Z cv‡i bv| gywgb‡ì m¤ú‡K© Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb-

A_© : ÒAvi Zviv (gyËvwKMY) AvwLiv‡Zi cÖwZ `„pfv‡e wek¦vm K‡i|Ó (myiv Avj-evKviv, AvqvZ 4)

AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm gvbyl‡K mrKg©kxj K‡i †Zv‡j| Gi d‡j gvbyl DËg PwiÎ I ˆbwZKZvi ¸YvewjAbykxjb K‡i| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb-

A_© : ÒAvi hviv AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm K‡i bv Zv‡ì AšÍi mZ¨wegyL Ges Zviv AnsKvix|Ó (myiv bvnj,AvqvZ 22)

AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm bv Ki‡j gvbyl `ywbqv‡KB mewKQy g‡b K‡i| d‡j †h‡Kv‡bv Dcv‡q `ywbqvi ¯v_© nvwmjKi‡Z Pvq| Ab¨vq, AZ¨vPvi, A‰bwZK Kvh©Kjvc mewKQyB Zvi Øviv msNwUZ nq| †h‡Kv‡bv cvc Ki‡Z†m wØav‡eva K‡i bv| AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm gvbyl‡K Giƒc KvR †_‡K weiZ iv‡L Ges cweÎ K‡i †Zv‡j|

myZivs Avgiv AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm Kie Ges ˆbwZK, cyZ-cweÎ Rxebhvcb Kie|

KvR : GB cvV †k‡l AvwLivZ m¤ú‡K© wk¶v_x© hv wkLj Zv wj‡L wk¶K‡K †`Lv‡e|

cvV 7

kvdvAvZ

kvdvAvZ k‡ãi A_© mycvwik Kiv, Aby‡iva Kiv BZ¨vw`| Bmjvwg cwifvlvq Kj¨vY I ¶gvi Rb¨ AvjøvnZvAvjvi wbKU bwe-ivmyj I †bK ev›`vM‡Yi mycvwik Kiv‡K kvdvAvZ e‡j| wKqvg‡Zi w`b kvdvAvZmvaviYZ `ywU Kvi‡Y Kiv n‡e| h_v-

K. cvcx‡ì ¶gv I cvc gvR©bvi Rb¨|

L. cyYëvb‡ì gh©v`v e„w× I Kj¨vY jv‡fi Rb¨|

Zvrch©wKqvg‡Zi w`b Avjøvn ZvAvjv gvby‡li mKj KvRK‡g©i wnmve †b‡eb| Zvici Avgj Abyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨‡KiRb¨ RvbœvZ ev Rvnvbœvg wba©viY Ki‡eb| G mgq cyYëvbMY RvbœvZ jvf I cvcxiv Rvnvbœvg †fvM

AvKvB` 15

Ki‡e| bwe-ivmyj I cyYëvY ev›`vMY G mgq Avjøvni ìev‡i kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb| d‡j A‡bK cvcx‡Kgvd Kiv n‡e| Gici Zv‡ì‡K Rvnvbœvg †_‡K Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki AbygwZ †Ìqv n‡e|

Avevi A‡bK cyYëv‡bi RbÏ Gw`b kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡e| d‡j Zuv‡ì gh©v`v e„w× Kiv n‡e|

kvdvAvZ mvaviYZ `yB cÖKvi| h_v-

K. kvdvAv‡Z Kzeiv

L. kvdvAv‡Z myMiv

kvdvAv‡Z KzeivwKqvg‡Zi w`b mKj gvbyl‡K GK wekvj gq`v‡b mg‡eZ Kiv n‡e| †mw`b m~h© Lye wbKUeZx© n‡e|gvbyl Amnbxq `ytL-K‡ó wbcwZZ _vK‡e| G mgq Zviv nhiZ Av`g (Av.), nhiZ b~n (Av.), nhiZBeivwng (Av.), nhiZ gymv (Av.) I nhiZ Bmv (Av.)-Gi wbKU Dcw¯’Z n‡q wnmve-wbKvk ïiy KiviRb¨ Avjøvni wbKU kvdvAvZ Ki‡Z Aby‡iva Ki‡e| Zuviv mK‡jB AcviMZv cÖKvk Ki‡eb| G mgqmKj gvbyl gnvbwe (m.)-Gi wbKU Dcw¯’Z n‡e| ZLb gnvbwe (m.) Avjøvn ZvAvjvi wbKU mycvwikKi‡eb| AZtci Avjøvn ZvAvjv wnmve-wbKvk ïiy Ki‡eb| G kvdvAvZ‡K ejv nq kvdvAv‡Z Kzeiv|G‡K kvdvAv‡Z DhgvI (me©‡kªô kvdvAvZ) ejv nq|

Giƒc kvdvAv‡Zi AwaKvi GKgvÎ gnvbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi _vK‡e| G Qvov bwe Kvwig (m.)-Gi Rb¨ `yÕcÖKvi kvdvAvZ wbw`©ó| Avi Zv n‡jv RvbœvwZMY‡K Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki AbygwZ †Ìqvi RbÄvjøvn ZvAvjvi wbKU mycvwik Kiv| wcÖqbwe (m.) Giƒc kvdvAvZ Ki‡eb| Gi ciB †Kej RvbœvwZMYRvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

kvdvAv‡Z myMivwKqvg‡Zi w`b cvcx‡ì ¶gv I cyYëvb‡ì gh©v`v e„w×i Rb¨ kvdvAvZ Kiv n‡e| GUvB n‡jvkvdvAv‡Z myMiv| bwe-ivmyj, †d‡ikZv, kwn`, Avwjg, nvwdh G kvdvAv‡Zi my‡hvM cv‡eb| AvjKziAvb I wmqvg (†ivhv) wKqvg‡Zi w`b kvdvAvZ Ki‡e e‡jI nvw`‡m D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| wb‡gœv³wel‡q kvdvAv‡Z myMiv Kiv n‡e|

1. hv‡ì Ici Rvnvbœvg AeavwiZ Zv‡ì gvd K‡i Rvbœv‡Z †`qvi Rb¨ kvdvAvZ|

2. †hme gywgb cv‡ci Kvi‡Y Rvnvbœv‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡e Zv‡ì Rvnvbœv‡gi kvw¯Í †_‡K gyw³ †`qviRb¨ kvdvAvZ|

3. RvbœvwZM‡Yi gh©v`v e„w× Kivi Rb¨ kvdvAvZ|

Avgiv kvdvAv‡Z wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kie| Avjøvn‡K fv‡jvevme, ivmyjyjøvn (m.)-Gi Av`k© Abyhvqx Pje|d‡j ciKv‡j wcÖqbwe (m.)-Gi kvdvqvZ jvf K‡i Rvbœv‡Z hve|


wKqvg‡Zi w`b bwe-ivmyj I †bK ev›`vMY Avjøvni wbKU mycvwik Ki‡eb| Avjøvn ZvAvjv GmekvdvAvZ Keyj Ki‡eb Ges eû gvbyl‡K RvbœvZ `vb Ki‡eb| Z‡e kvdvAv‡Zi me‡P‡q †ewk ¶gZv_vK‡e Avgv‡ì wcÖqbwe (m.)-Gi AwaKv‡i| wZwb wb‡RB e‡j‡Qb-

A_© : ÒAvgv‡K kvdvAvZ (Kivi AwaKvi) †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|Ó (mwnn eyLvwi I mwnn gymwjg)

Ab¨ GKwU nvw`‡m ivmyj (m.) e‡j‡Qb- c„w_ex‡Z KZ BU I cv_i Av‡Q, Avwg Zvi †P‡qI †ewk †jv‡KiRb¨ wKqvg‡Zi w`b kvdvAvZ Kie| (gymbv` Avng`)

kvdvAvZ GKwU weivU wbqvgZ| gnvbwe (m.)-Gi kvdvAvZ e¨ZxZ wKqvg‡Zi w`b mdjZv, Kj¨vY IRvbœvZ jvf Kiv m¤¢e n‡e bv| myZivs Avgiv wcÖq bwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi kvdvAv‡Z wek¦vm Kie|Zuv‡K fv‡jvevme I c~Y©i~‡c AbymiY Kie| Zvn‡j Avgiv Zuvi kvdvAvZ jv‡f ab¨ ne|

KvR : †kªwYi me wk¶v_x© `yB `‡j fvM n‡e| Gevi GK`j kvdvAv‡Zi cwiPq I Zvrch© ej‡eGes Ab¨`j cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡e|

cvV 8

RvbœvZ

RvbœvZ k‡ãi A_© evMvb, D`¨vb, Ave„Z ¯’vb| dviwm fvlvq G‡K ejv nq †e‡nkZ| evsjvq G‡K ejvnq ¯^M©| Bmjvwg cwifvlvq, AvwLiv‡Z Bgvb`vi I †bKKvi ev›`v‡ì Rb¨ †h wPikvwšÍi Avevm¯’j ˆZwiK‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q Zv‡K RvbœvZ ejv nq|

RvbœvZ n‡jv wPikvwšÍi ¯’vb| †mLv‡b mewKQyB my›ì I AvKl©Yxq e¯‘ Øviv mymw¾Z| Rvbœv‡Zi Ni-evwo, Avmb, AvmevecÎmn mewKQy ¯Y©-†iŠc¨, gwYgy³v Øviv wbwg©Z| Rvbœv‡Z _vK‡e †ik‡gi MvwjPv, `yaI gayi bni| wgwócvwbi †mªvZaviv| e¯‘Z Avb›` Dc‡fv‡Mi me iK‡gi wRwbmB Rvbœv‡Z we`¨gvb_vK‡e| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb-

A_© : Ò†mLv‡b (Rvbœv‡Z) †Zvgv‡ì gb hv PvB‡e Zv-B †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ i‡q‡Q Avi †Zvgiv hv `vwe Ki‡eZvI †Zvgv‡ì †Ìqv n‡e|Ó (myiv dzm&wmjvZ, AvqvZ 31)

Rvbœv‡Zi weeiY w`‡q ivmyj (m.) e‡jb- ÒAvjøvn ZvAvjv Bikv` K‡ib, ÔAvwg Avgvi cyYëvb ev›`v‡ìRb¨ Rvbœv‡Z Ggb me e¯‘ ˆZwi K‡i †i‡LwQ hv †Kv‡bv †PvL †Kv‡bvw`b †`‡L wb, †Kv‡bv Kvb †Kv‡bvw`b†kv‡b wb, Avi gvby‡li AšÍiI hv †Kv‡bvw`b Kíbv Ki‡Z cv‡i wb|Ó (wgkKvZ)

AvKvB` 17

Rvbœv‡Zi bvgRvbœvZ †gvU AvUwU| G¸‡jv n‡jv-

1. RvbœvZzj wdi`vDm

2. RvbœvZzj gvIqv

3. `viyj gvKvg

4. `viyj Kvivi

5. `viyb bvBg

6. `viyj Lyj`

7. `viym mvjvg

8. RvbœvZz Av`b|

G AvUwU Rvbœv‡Zi g‡a¨ RvbœvZzj wdi`vDm n‡jv me©‡kªô|

RvbœvZ jv‡fi Avgj I DcvqRvbœvZ n‡jv gywgb‡ì I cyYëvb‡ì evm¯’vb| Avjøvn e‡jb-

A_© : Ò(†n bwe!) hviv Bgvb G‡b‡Q I mrKg© K‡i‡Q Avcwb Zv‡ì‡K mymsev` w`b †h, Zv‡ì Rb¨B

i‡q‡Q RvbœvZ| hvi Zj‡`k w`‡q SY©vmg~n cÖevwnZ|Ó (myiv Avj-evKviv, AvqvZ 25)

myZivs RvbœvZ jv‡fi Rb¨ `ywbqv‡Z me©cÖ_g Bgvb Avb‡Z n‡e| AvKvB‡ì me wel‡qi Ici `„pfv‡e

wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e| AZtci †bK KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| wbqwgZ cuvP Iqv³ bvgvh my›ìfv‡e Av`vq Ki‡Z

n‡e| gnvbwe (m.) e‡j‡Qb-

A_© : mvjvZ n‡jv †e‡nk‡Zi Pvwe|

bvgv‡hi cvkvcvwk ighv‡bi †ivhv cvjb, hvKvZ Av`vq I nR Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov Ab¨vb¨ mrKvR, DËgPwiÎ I ˆbwZKZvi Abykxjb Ki‡Z n‡e| Rxe‡bi mKj †¶‡Î Avjøvn ZvAvjv I Zuvi ivmy‡ji Av‡`k-wb‡la †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e| mKj cÖKvi Ab¨vq I cvc KvR †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e| Avjøvn ZvAvjve‡jb-


A_© : ÒAvi †h e¨w³ Zvi i‡ei mvg‡b `Êvqgvb nIqv‡K fq Ki‡e Ges wbR‡K KzcÖe„wË †_‡K weiZivL‡e, wbtm‡›`‡n RvbœvZB n‡e Zvi Avevm¯’j|Ó (myiv Avb bvwhAvZ, AvqvZ 40-41)

myZivs Avgiv me mgq †bK Avgj Kie| †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Av‡`k-wb‡la Agvb¨ Kiebv| Zvn‡jB Avgiv AvwLiv‡Z RvbœvZ jvf Ki‡Z cvie|

KvR : wk¶v_x©ivÑ

K. Rvbœv‡Zi bvg¸‡jv wj‡L GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i wk¶K‡K †`Lv‡e|

L. RvbœvZ jv‡fi Dcvq m¤ú‡K© 5wU evK¨ LvZvq wj‡L wk¶K‡K †`Lv‡e|

cvV 9

Rvnvbœvg

Rvnvbœvg n‡jv Av¸‡bi MZ©, kvw¯Íi ¯’vb| G‡K †`vhL ev biKI ejv nq| Bmjvwg cwifvlvqAvwLiv‡Z Kvwdi, gykwiK, gybvwdK I cvcx‡ì kvw¯Íi Rb¨ †h ¯’vb wba©viY K‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q Zv‡KRvnvbœvg ejv nq|

Rvnvbœvg LyeB fqsKi ¯’vb| †mLv‡b i‡q‡Q hš¿Yv`vqK kvw¯Í| †mLv‡b cvcxiv Av¸‡b `» n‡e| eoeo mvc, we”Qz, KxUcZ½ gvbyl‡K `skb Ki‡e| Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸b n‡e Avgv‡ì `ywbqvi Av¸b †_‡KmËi ¸Y †ewk DËß| Rvnvbœvwg‡ì Lv`¨ n‡e hv°zg bvgK eo eo KuvUvhy³ e„¶| hv Zviv †L‡Z cvi‡ebv, eis Mjvq AvU‡K hv‡e| Zv‡ì cvbxq n‡e †`vhwL‡ì DËß i³ I cuyR| †mLv‡b gvby‡li †Kv‡bvg„Zz¨ n‡e bv, eis kvw¯Í †c‡Z _vK‡e Ges wPiKvj a‡i Kó †fvM Ki‡Z _vK‡e| Rvnvbœv‡gi weeiYw`‡q Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb-

A_© : Òhviv Avgvi AvqvZ‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡e AwP‡iB Avwg Zv‡ì‡K (Rvnvbœv‡gi) Av¸‡b cÖ‡ek Kive|†mLv‡b hLbB Zv‡ì Pvgov R¡‡j hv‡e ZLbB bZzb Pvgov m„wó Kie hv‡Z Zviv kvw¯Í †fvM Ki‡Zcv‡i|Ó (myiv Avb wbmv, AvqvZ 56)

Ab¨ Avqv‡Z gnvb Avjøvn e‡j‡Qb-

AvKvB` 19

A_© : Òhviv Kzdzwi K‡i Zv‡ì Rb¨ ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q Av¸‡bi †cvkvK| Zv‡ì gv_vq †X‡j †Ìqv n‡e dyUšÍcvwb| Gi Øviv Zv‡ì †c‡U hv Av‡Q Zv Ges Zv‡ì Pvgov weMwjZ Kiv n‡e| Avi Zv‡ì Rb¨ _vK‡e†jvnvi gy¸i| hLbB Zviv hš¿Yvq KvZi n‡q Rvnvbœvg †_‡K †ei n‡Z PvB‡e ZLbB Zv‡ì cybivq Zv‡Zwdwi‡q †Ìqv n‡e| Avi Zv‡ì ejv n‡e- ¯v` MÖnY Ki `nb-hš¿Yvi|Ó (myiv Avj nv¾, AvqvZ 19-22)

Rvnvbœv‡gi bvgRvnvbœvg †gvU mvZwU| G¸‡jv n‡jv-

1. Rvnvbœvg

2. nvweqv

3. Rvwng

4. mvKvi

5. mvBi

6. ûZvgvn

7. jvhv|

Rvnvbœvg †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Dcvq

Avjøvn ZvAvjv I Zuvi ivmy‡ji cÖwZ hviv Bgvb Av‡b bv ZvivB Rvnvbœv‡gi Awaevmx| ZvQvov †hme †jvK`ywbqvq Ab¨vq I cvc KvR Ki‡e ZvivI Rvnvbœv‡gi kvw¯Í †fvM Ki‡e| Akøxj I A‰bwZK KvR Ki‡jIRvnvbœv‡gi kvw¯Í †fvM Ki‡Z n‡e| myZivs Avgiv Gme KvR †_‡K weiZ _vKe| Avjøvn I Zuvi ivmy‡jiwb‡`©wkZ c‡_ Rxebhvcb Kie| Zvn‡j Rvnvbœv‡gi KwVb kvw¯Í †_‡K †invB cve|

KvR : wk¶v_x©iv-

K. Rvnvbœv‡gi bvg¸‡jvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

L. Rvnvbœv‡gi cwiPq Ges Rvnvbœvg †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Dcvq m¤ú‡K© 10wU evK¨ wj‡L †kªwY‡ZDc¯’vcb Ki‡e|


cvV 10

Bgvb I ˆbwZKZv

Bgvb n‡jv wek¦vm| Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK welq¸‡jv‡Z wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kiv‡K Bgvb ejv nq| †h e¨w³ Bgvb

Av‡b Zv‡K ejv nq gywgb| Avi ˆbwZKZv n‡jv bxwZm¤^Üxq, bxwZg~jK| Kv‡R-K‡g©, K_vevZ©vq bxwZ I

Av`‡k©i AbymiYB n‡jv ˆbwZKZv|

Bgvb I ˆbwZKZvi m¤úK© AZ¨šÍ Nwbô| ˆbwZKZvi AbymiY Kiv gywgb e¨w³i Acwinvh© `vwqZ¡| bxwZ-ˆbwZKZv bv gvb‡j †Kv‡bv e¨w³ c~Y©v½ gywgb n‡Z cv‡i bv| mZZv, b¨vqcivqYZv, `qv, ¶gv, ci¯úimn‡hvwMZv, mvg¨-ˆgÎx, åvZ…Z¡ BZ¨vw` mr¸Y Bgvb`vi e¨w³i _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| G¸‡jv ˆbwZKZvi cÖavb

w`Kmg~‡ni Ab¨Zg| gywgb e¨w³ Gme ¸Y PP©v K‡i _v‡Kb| Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPvi, Ryjyg-wbh©vZb, wg_¨vPvi,cÖZviYv, AkøxjZv, †envqvcbv BZ¨vw` A‰bwZK KvR †_‡K gywgb e¨w³ `~‡i _v‡Kb| Bgv‡bi wk¶vgywgb‡K Gme KvR †_‡K †ndvRZ K‡i| GKwU nvw`‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q-

gvbyl hLb e¨wfPvi K‡i ZLb †m gywgb _v‡K bv| (mwnn& eyLvwi I mwnn& gymwjg)

AZGe †evSv †Mj gywgb e¨w³ †Kv‡bviƒc A‰bwZK KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

Bgv‡bi g~jK_v n‡jv- (jv Bjvnv Bjøvjøvû gynv¤§v`yi ivmyjyjøvn)

A_© : ÒAvjøvn e¨ZxZ †Kv‡bv gvey` †bB| gynv¤§` (m.) Avjøvni ivmyj|Ó

G Kvwjgvi mviK_v n‡jv Bev`Z I cÖksmvi †hvM¨ GKgvÎ Avjøvn| Avi Avjøvn ZvAvjv I ivmyj (m.)-

Gi †`Lv‡bv c_ I Av`k©B n‡jv cÖK…Z gyw³ I mdjZvi c_| `ywbqvi me©ve¯’vq mKj Kv‡R G Kvwjgv

g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| G Kvwjgvi wk¶v wb‡q Avjøvn I Zuvi ivmy‡ji AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| gywgb e¨w³ me©`v

GiƒcB K‡i _v‡Kb|

Avjøvn ZvAvjv I Zuvi ivmy‡ji Av`k©B n‡jv ˆbwZKZvi Av`k©| Avj KziAv‡b Avjøvn ZvAvjv bxwZ I

Av`k© Abymi‡Yi Rb¨ eû wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| Avi ivmyj (m.) wb‡R wQ‡jb DËg Av`‡k©i ev¯Íebgybv| wZwb nv‡ZKj‡g gvbyl‡K ˆbwZKZv I DËg Pwi‡Îi wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb| gywgb e¨w³ Rxebhvc‡bi

†¶‡Î Bgv‡bi G wk¶v ev¯Íevqb K‡i _v‡Kb|

myZivs cÖgvwYZ nq †h, Bgvb I ˆbwZKZv LyeB Mfxifv‡e m¤úK©hy³| Bgvb gvbyl‡K bxwZ ˆbwZKZvi c_†`Lvq| Bgvb A‰bwZK I Akøxj Kvh©vewj †_‡K gvbyl‡K weiZ iv‡L| Avgv‡ìI DwPZ Bgv‡bi wk¶v

MÖnY Kiv| AZtci wbR Rxe‡b Zvi ev¯Íevqb Kiv| Zvn‡j Avgiv ˆbwZKZvi Abymvix n‡q mgv‡RkvwšÍ-k„•Ljv cÖwZôv Ki‡Z cvie| d‡j Avgv‡ì `ywbqvi Rxeb my›ì I Kj¨vYgq n‡e| Avi ciKvjxbRxe‡b Avgiv jvf Kie gyw³, mdjZv I wPikvwšÍi RvbœvZ|

AvKvB` 21

KvR : †kªwYi me wk¶v_x© `yÕ`‡j fvM n‡q hv‡e| Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K `j †_‡K wZbRb e³v wbe©vPbKi‡e| ÒcÖK…Z BgvbB †Kej gvbyl‡K bxwZ-ˆbwZKZvi c‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡iÓ wel‡qi c‡¶ GK`jGes wec‡¶ GK`j Ae¯’vb wb‡q weZK© Ki‡e| †kªwYwk¶K mÂvjK wn‡m‡e _vK‡eb|

weZK© †k‡l weRqx `j‡K Ges Dfq `‡ji g‡a¨ †h e³v weZ‡K© hyw³c~Y© fv‡jv e³e¨ Dc¯’vcbKi‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q Zv‡K mevB wg‡j abëv` Rvbv‡e| m¤¢e n‡j cyi¯‹v‡ii eë¯’v Ki‡e|

Abykxjbg~jK cÖkœ

k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki

1. Bmjv‡gi g~j welq¸‡jvi cÖwZ wek¦vm‡KB ------- ejv nq|

2. Bgv‡bi ------- w`K i‡q‡Q|

3. Avmgvwb wKZve me©‡gvU ------- Lvbv|

4. Avjøvny gynvBwgbyb A_© ------- |

5. kvdvAvZ mvaviYZ ------- cÖKvi|

evg cvk †_‡K kã ev evK¨vsk wb‡q Wvb cv‡ki mv‡_ wgj Ki

evg cvk Wvb cvk

1. kvdvAvZ GKwU ciKvj

2. Bgvb Avjøvni GKwU eo wbqvgZ

3. gybvwdKiv wbðqB weivU wbqvgZ

4. Avjøvn ZvAvjvi ÿgv Acwimxg

5. g„Zzï cieZ©x Rxeb‡K e‡j wg_¨vev`x

mswÿß DËi cÖkœ

1. Avmgvwb wKZvemg~‡n wek¦v‡mi cÖ‡qvRb †Kb?

2. wbdvK ej‡Z Kx eyS?

3. kvdvAvZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq?


eY©bvg~jK cÖkœ1. Bgv‡bi ¸iyZ¡ I Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki|

2. wimvjv‡Zi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki|

3. ˆbwZK PwiÎ MV‡b Bgv‡bi f~wgKv we‡kølY Ki|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ1| Bgv‡b †gŠwjK welq KqwU?

K. wZbwU L. cuvPwU

M. mvZwU N. AvUwU|

2| wbdv‡Ki d‡j mgv‡R m„wó nq Ñ

i. AkvwšÍ

ii. SMov weev`

iii. g‰ZK¨

†KvbwU mwVK?

K. i I ii L. i I iii

M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 3 I 4 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vImvwKe I mvwb` GKB Awd‡m PvKwi K‡i| mvwKe h_vmg‡q Awd‡m Av‡m Ges Awc©Z `vwqZ¡h_vh_fv‡e cvjb K‡i| mvwb` my‡hvM †c‡jB wewfbœ ARynv‡Z wbw`©ó mg‡qi ci Awd‡m Av‡m GesKv‡RK‡g© duvwK †`q|

3| mvwK‡ei GKwbôZvi †cQ‡b †Kvb wek¦vmwU KvR Ki‡Q?

K. ZvKwì L. AvwLivZ

M. nvki N. wghvb|

4| mvwb‡ì Kvh©µ‡gi d‡j †m cv‡e Ñ

i. kvw¯Í

ii. wZi¯‹vi

iii. wb›`v

†KvbwU mwVK?



AvKvB` 23

m„Rbkxj cªkœ1| mygvBqv I mvwgqv `yB evÜex| bynvkcjøx‡Z †eov‡Z hv‡e e‡j `yR‡bB w`b-ZvwiL wVK K‡i| mygvBqvwbw`©ó Zvwi‡L cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q mvwgqvi A‡cÿvq _v‡K| wKšÍy mvwgqv Zvi evevi KvQ †_‡K wUwdb,KvMR I Kj‡gi ARynvZ w`‡q †ek wKQy UvKv wb‡q Avw`evi mv‡_ gv‡K©‡U Nyi‡Z P‡j hvq| ciw`bmvwgqvi mv‡_ mygvBqvi †`Lv nq| mygvBqv welqwU DÌvcb Ki‡j Df‡qi g‡a¨ K_v KvUvKvwU nqGes DfqB gbtÿzYœ nq|

K. gybvwd‡Ki wPý KqwU?

L. ZvKw`‡i wek¦vm ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

M. mvwgqvi AvPi‡Y Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. mygvBqvi Kvh©µ‡gi djvdj cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|

2| gbmyi mv‡ne I BKevj mv‡ne GKB Awd‡m PvKwi K‡ib| BKevj mv‡ne GKRb ag©civqY e¨w³|Awd‡mi mevi mv‡_B wZwb f ªfv‡e K_v e‡jb| GKw`b gbmyi mv‡ne Zvi Aaxb¯’ Kg©Pvixiv‡k`‡K GK Møvm cvwb I dvBj Avb‡Z e‡jb| iv‡k` Avm‡Z †`wi Kivq gbmyi mv‡ne Zvi mv‡_Akøxj fvlv e¨envi K‡ib| welqwU Awd‡mi EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v Rvb‡Z †c‡i e‡jb, Ôgywgb e¨w³iAvPiY Giƒc n‡Z cv‡i bv|Õ

K. Rvbœv‡Zi ¯Íi KqwU?

L. Rvnvbœv‡gi kvw¯Íi aib Kxiƒc? e¨vL¨v Ki|

M. gbmyi mv‡n‡ei AvPiYwU wK‡mi cwicš’x ? e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. Awd‡mi EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©vi Dw³wU wK h_v_© ? †Zvgvi DË‡ii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI|


wØZxq Aa¨vq

Bev`Z ( )Avjøvn ZvAvjvi `vmZ¡ I AvbyMZ¨ ¯xKvi K‡i Zuvi Av‡`k cvjb I wb‡la eR©b K‡i Rxeb cwiPvjbv‡KBmjvwg cwifvlvq Bev`Z e‡j| Bmjvg n‡jv cwic~Y© Rxeb weavb| Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK cuvPwU welq h_v :Kvwjgv, bvgvh, †ivhv, hvKvZ I nR h_vh_ cvj‡bi bvg Bev`Z| Avevi gvbe Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU KvRBmjvwg wewaweavb Abyhvqx m¤úbœ KivI Bev`‡Zi AšÍfy©³| c„w_exi mKj m„óe¯‘ gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi gvbyl I wRb RvwZ‡K ïay Avjøvni Bev`‡Zi Rb¨B m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q|

G Aa¨vq †k‡l wk¶v_©xÑ

� hvKv‡Zi aviYv, hvKvZ dih nIqvi kZ© I e¨‡qi LvZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

� hvKv‡Zi agx©q, mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK ¸iyZ¡ I Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

� n‡Ri aviYv, cUf~wg, wbqgvewj, dih, IqvwRe I mybœvZmg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

� nR cvj‡bi ÎywU Ges Zv ms‡kva‡bi Dcvq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

� mvg¨ I wek¦åvZ„Z¡ cÖwZôvq n‡Ri f~wgKv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

� Kzievwbi aviYv, cUf~wg I wbqgvewj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

� AvwKKvi aviYv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

� ev¯Íe Rxe‡b Z¨vM I D`viZv AR©‡b Kzievwbi ¸iyZ¡ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

cvV 1

hvKvZ ( )

ÔhvKvZÕ Aviwe kã| Gi AvwfavwbK A_© e„w×, cweÎZv, cwi”QbœZv BZ¨vw`| Bmjvwg cwifvlvq abxe¨w³‡ì wbmve (wba©vwiZ) cwigvY m¤ú` _vK‡j wbw`©ó Ask Mwie Afvex †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ weZiY K‡i†Ìqv‡K hvKvZ e‡j|

ÔhvKvZÕ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g m¤ú` e¨w³we‡k‡li nv‡Z cyÄxf~Z _v‡K bv| Avi gvby‡li nv‡Z m¤ú` cyÄxf~Z_vKzK Avjøvn ZvAvjv Zv cQ›` K‡ib bv| wZwb Pvb GwU gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y e¨q †nvK, mgv‡Ri mvgwMÖKA_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vi DbœwZ †nvK| G we‡ePbvq hvKvZ A_© e„w×| hvKvZ cÖ`v‡b `vZvi AšÍi K…cYZviKjylZv n‡Z cweÎ nq| weËkvjx‡ì m¤ú‡` `wi‡`ªi AwaKvi Av‡Q| Kv‡RB Mwi‡ei wba©vwiZ Ask w`‡qw`‡j Aewkó m¤ú` abx‡ì Rb¨ cweÎ n‡q hvq| Gw`K we‡ePbvq hvKvZ A_© cweÎZv| hvKvZ w`‡jm¤ú‡` Avjøvn eiKZ `vb K‡ib| Bmjv‡gi cuvPwU MyiyZ¡c~Y© iyK‡bi g‡a¨ hvKvZ Ab¨Zg|

KziAvb gvwR‡ì eû RvqMvq mvjv‡Zi mv‡_ hvKvZ Av`v‡qi wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Avjøvn ZvAvjve‡jb:

A_© : ÒAvi †Zvgiv bvgvh Kv‡qg Ki Ges hvKvZ cÖ`vb Ki|Ó (myiv gyh&hvw¤§j, AvqvZ 20)

hvKvZ n‡jv `wi‡`ªi Avjøvn cÖ`Ë AwaKvi| abx‡ì `qv ev AbyMÖn bq| eis GwU Av`vq Kiv abx‡ìIci dih| G cÖm‡½ Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb:

A_© : ÒZv‡ì (abx‡ì) ab-m¤ú‡` Aek¨B `wi`ª I ewÂZ‡ì AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|Ó (Avh& hvwiqvZ, AvqvZ 19)

kwiq‡Zi weavb Abyhvqx bvgvh Av`vq Ki‡j, Av`vqKvixi Rb¨ †hgb cyi¯‹v‡ii †NvlYv Av‡Q, †ZgwbhvKvZ (dih n‡j) Av`vqKvixi RbÏ mymsev` i‡q‡Q| †hgb, hvKvZ w`‡j gvj cweÎ nq Ges m¤ú‡Àvjøvn ZvAvjv eiKZ †`b| hvKvZ cÖ`vbKvix‡ì AvwLiv‡Z AwaK cwigvY cyi¯‹vi †Ìqv n‡e hv gvbylKíbvI Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| nvw`‡m Kz`wm‡Z Av‡Q, ÒAvjøvn ZvAvjv Zuvi ev›`v‡K e‡jb, †n ewb Av`g!Avgvi c‡_ LiP Ki‡Z _vK| Avwg Avgvi AdzišÍ fvÊvi †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì w`‡Z _vKeÓ (eyLvwi Igymwjg)|

hvKvZ Av`vqKvix‡ì m¤ú‡K© Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb :

A_© : ÒGes Avjøvn e‡jb, Avwg Aek¨B †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_ AvwQ hw` †Zvgiv bvgvh Kv‡qg Ki‡Z _vK GeshvKvZ w`‡Z _vK|Ó (Avj gvwq`v, AvqvZ 12)

hvKvZ `vbKvixi cyi¯‹vi I K…cY e¨w³i `ytmsev` m¤ú‡K© Ab¨ GK nvw`‡m Av‡Q, Ò`vbkxj e¨w³Avjøvni wbKUeZx©, Rvbœv‡Zi wbKUeZx©, Avjøvni ev›`v‡ì wbKUeZx© Ges Rvnvbœvg †_‡K `~ieZx©|Aciw`‡K K…cY Avjøvn †_‡K `~‡i, Avjøvni ev›`v‡ì †_‡K `~‡i Ges Rvnvbœv‡gi wbK‡U| GKRb Rvwnj`vbkxj GKRb K…cY Avwe` A‡cÿv Avjøvni Kv‡Q A‡bK †ewk cQ›`bxq|Ó (wZiwgwh)

†KD hw` m¤ú` Rgv K‡i iv‡L `wi ª I ewÂZ‡ì cÖvc¨ h_vh_fv‡e Av`vq bv K‡i, Zvn‡j wKqvg‡Ziw`b Zv‡K K‡Vvi kvw¯Í †fvM Ki‡Z n‡e| G m¤ú‡K© KziAvb gvwR‡` ejv n‡q‡Q: Avi hviv †mvbv iƒcvRgv K‡i iv‡L Ges Zv Avjøvni c‡_ LiP K‡i bv, Zv‡ì‡K Kó`vqK kvw¯Íi msev` `vI| †mw`bRvnvbœv‡gi Av¸‡b Zv DËß Kiv n‡e Ges Zv w`‡q Kcv‡j, cuvR‡i Ges wc‡V `vM †Ìqv n‡e, †mw`bejv n‡e G †Zv †m m¤ú`, hv †Zvgiv wb‡R‡ì Rb¨ Rgv K‡i †i‡LwQ‡j| GLb †m mwÂZ m¤ú‡ì ¯^v`MÖnY Ki| (AvZ& ZvIev: 34-35)

hvKvZ dih nIqv m‡Ë¡I hviv Zv Av`vq K‡i bv Ges hvKvZ w`‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i, Zv‡ì e¨vcv‡iBmjvwg weavb n‡”Q, cvw_©e Rxe‡b Zviv K…cY wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ n‡e Ges ciKv‡j KwVb kvw¯Íi m¤§yLxbn‡e| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb : ÒAvi aŸsm Hme gyk&wiK‡ì Rb¨, hviv hvKvZ †`q bv I AvwLivZ‡KA¯^xKvi K‡i|Ó (nv-gxg Avm& mvR&`v: 6-7)


Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g Lwjdv nhiZ Avey eKi (iv.)-Gi kvmbvg‡j wKQy †jvK hvKvZ w`‡Z A¯xKvi Kij|Lwjdv Zv‡ì Bmjvg †_‡K †ewi‡q hvIqvi mgZyj¨ g‡b Ki‡jb| wZwb †NvlYv Ki‡jb, gnvbwe (m.)-Gi hy‡M hviv hvKvZ w`Z, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †KD hw` GKwU QvM‡ji ev”Pv w`‡ZI A¯xKvi K‡i Z‡e Zviweiy‡× Avwg wRnv` Kie| nhiZ Avey eKi (iv.)-Gi e³‡eï †hŠw³KZvi mv‡_ wbgœewY©Z nvw`‡mie³‡eï wgj cvIqv hvq| nvw`‡m Av‡Q, ÒAvjøvni Kmg, hviv bvgvh I hvKv‡Zi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ m„wó K‡iZv‡ì weiy‡× Aek¨B jovB Kie|Ó (eyLvwi)

cÖ‡Z¨K gywgb ev›`vi DwPZ ciKv‡ji KwVb kvw¯Í †_‡K gyw³ I Avjøvni ˆbKU¨ jv‡fi Avkvq h_vwbq‡ghvKvZ Av`vq Kiv| Ab¨‡K hvKvZ `v‡b DrmvwnZ Kiv| Bmjvwg weavbg‡Zv hvKvZ Av`vq K‡i mgv‡RiAmnvq `wi‡`ªi Ae¯’vi DbœwZ Kiv|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv `‡j wef³ n‡q hvKvZ cÖ`v‡bi mydj m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e|

cvV 2

hvKvZ dih nIqvi kZ© ( )

hvKvZ dih nIqvi kZ© mvZwU| kZ©¸‡jvi weeiY wb‡P †Ìqv n‡jv :

1. gymjgvb nIqv : hvKvZ dih nIqvi cÖ_g kZ© n‡jv gymjgvb nIqv| Agymwjg‡ì Ici hvKvZdih bq| Kv‡RB †Kv‡bv e¨w³ Bmjvg MÖnY Ki‡j Zv‡K Zvi AZxZ Rxe‡bi hvKvZ w`‡Z n‡e bv|†hw`b gymjgvb n‡e †mw`b †_‡K wnmve K‡i hvKvZ w`‡Z n‡e|

2. wbmv‡ei gvwjK nIqv : †h cwigvY m¤ú‡ì gvwjK n‡j kwiq‡Z hvKvZ dih nq, †m cwigvYm¤ú‡ì gvwjK nIqv|

3. wbmve cwigvY m¤ú` cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ nIqv : †hme ª‡eï Ici gvby‡li Rxebhvcb wbf©iK‡i, †mme wRwbmcÎ‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨ e‡j| †hgb : LvIqv-`vIqv, †cvkvK-cwi”Q`, emev‡mievwoNi, †ckvRxexi hš¿cvwZ BZ¨vw`| hvbevn‡bi †bŠKv, mvB‡Kj, †gvUi, cï, K…wlKv‡Ri miÄvg,cov‡jLvi miÄvg GmeI cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwb‡mi AšÍf©y³| G¸‡jvi Ici hvKvZ dih n‡e bv|

4. FYMÖ¯Í bv nIqv : FYMÖ¯Í e¨w³ wbmve cwigvY m¤ú‡ì gvwjK n‡jI Zvi Ici hvKvZ dih n‡ebv| KviY †m Rxebavi‡Yi †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvR‡bB FY MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Z‡e FY cwi‡kva Kivi ci hw`wbmve cwigvY m¤ú` Kv‡iv nv‡Z _v‡K Zvn‡j Zv‡K hvKvZ w`‡Z n‡e|

5. gvj GK eQiKvj ¯’vqx _vKv : wbmve cwigvY m¤ú` e¨w³i nv‡Z GK eQi Kvj ¯’vqx bv n‡j,Zvi Ici hvKvZ dih nq bv| nvw`‡m Av‡Q, ÒH m¤ú‡` hvKvZ †bB hv c~Y© GK eQi gvwjKvbvqbv _v‡K| (Be‡b gvRvn)

Bev`Z 27

6. Ávbm¤úbœ nIqv : hvKvZ dih nIqvi Ab¨Zg kZ© n‡”Q Ávbm¤úbœ nIqv| Ávbeyw×nxb Z_vcvM‡ji Ici hvKvZ dih bq|

7. ev‡jM nIqv : hvKvZ`vZv‡K Aek¨B ev‡jM Z_v cÖvßeq¯‹ n‡Z n‡e| wkï, bvev‡jM hZ m¤ú‡ìgvwjKB †nvK bv †Kb, ev‡jM nIqvi c~‡e© Zvi Ici hvKvZ dih nq bv|

hvKv‡Zi wbmve ( )

ÔwbmveÕ Aviwe kã| Gi A_© wba©vwiZ cwigvY| kwiq‡Zi cwifvlvq hvKvZ dih nIqvi Rb¨ m¤ú‡ìwba©vwiZ cwigvY‡K wbmve e‡j| mviveQi RxebhvÎvi cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨q wbe©v‡ni ci eQi †k‡l hvi nv‡Z

wbmve cwigvY m¤ú` DØ„Ë _v‡K Zv‡K ejv nq mvwn‡e wbmve ev wbmv‡ei gvwjK| Avi mvwn‡e wbmv‡eiIciB hvKvZ dih| wbmv‡ei cwigvY n‡jv, †mvbv Kgc‡¶ mv‡o mvZ †Zvjv A_ev iycv Kgc‡¶ mv‡o

evqvbœ †Zvjv A_ev H g~‡jï A_© ev m¤ú`| H cwigvY m¤ú` Kv‡iv wbKU c~Y© GK eQiKvj ¯’vqx_vK‡j H †mvbv, iycv ev m¤ú‡ì g~‡jï Pwjøk fv‡Mi GK fvM hvKvZ wnmv‡e †Ìqv dih| wKšÍy m¤ú`

wbmv‡ei Kg _vK‡j hvKvZ †Ìqv dih bq| GK eQi c~Y© nIqvi Av‡MB m¤ú` bó n‡q †M‡j hvKvZw`‡Z n‡e bv| Kv‡iv nv‡Z hw` eQ‡ii cÖ_‡g wbmve cwigvY m¤ú` _v‡K, eQ‡ii gv‡S †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Ywbmve n‡Z K‡g hvq Ges eQi †k‡l Avevi wbmve cwigvY m¤ú‡ì gvwjK n‡q †M‡j Zv‡K hvKvZ w`‡Zn‡e|

¯¿x‡jv‡Ki eënvh© †mvbv, iycvi AjsKvi Rxe‡bi Avek¨Kxq †gŠwjK e¯‘i AšÍfy©³ bq| Kv‡RB

AjsKvi wbmve cwigvY n‡j Zv‡K hvKvZ w`‡Z n‡e| †mvbv, iycv e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv avZz h_v: Zvgv,Kuvmv, wcZj BZ¨vw` eënvh© wRwbm wnmv‡e _vK‡j hvKvZ w`‡Z n‡e bv| Z‡e eëmv‡qi mvgMÖx n‡j

hvKvZ w`‡Z n‡e| Gi Rb¨ kZ© n‡”Q Gme mvgMÖx GK eQiKvj nv‡Z ¯’vqx _vKv Ges wbmve cwigvYnIqv|

Drcbœ k‡mï hvKvZ

avb, Mg, he, †LRyi BZ¨vw` km¨ webv‡m‡P e„wói cvwb‡Z Rb¥v‡j cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ me dm‡ji `k

fv‡Mi GK fvM hvKvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡K Dki ejv nq| Avi †mP eë¯’vq Drcbœ dm‡ji wek

fv‡Mi GK fvM hvKvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z nq|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv `‡j wef³ n‡q hvKv‡Zi wbmve m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e|


cvV 3

hvKv‡Zi gvmvwid ( )

gvmvwid Aviwe kã| Gi A_© e¨q Kivi LvZ| kwiq‡Zi cwifvlvq Bmjvwg weavb Abyhvqx hv‡ì‡KhvKvZ †Ìqv hvq, Zv‡ì‡K ejv nq hvKv‡Zi gvmvwid| hvKv‡Zi gvmvwid A_©vr †Kvb †Kvb Lv‡ZhvKv‡Zi A_© e¨q Ki‡Z n‡e Avjøvn ZvAvjv ¯qs Zv wba©viY K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| KziAvb gvwR‡` ejv n‡q‡Q :

ÒhvKvZ AfveMÖ¯Í, †Kej wbt¯^ I hvKvZ mswkøó Kg©Pvix, hv‡ì wPË AvKl©Y Kiv nq Zv‡ì Rb¨, `vmgyw³, FY fvivµvšÍ, Avjøvni c‡_ msMÖvgKvix I gymvwdi‡ì Rb¨, GwU Avjøvni weavb|Ó(myiv AvZ ZvIev, AvqvZ 60)

hvKv‡Zi gvmvwid AvUwU :

1. AfveMÖ¯Í ev dwKi|

2. m¤jnxb, wgmwKb|

3. hvKv‡Zi Rb¨ wb‡qvwRZ Kg©Pvixe„›`|

4. gb Rq Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨|

5. gyw³Kvgx `vm|

6. FYMÖ¯Í e¨w³|

7. Avjøvni c‡_ A_©vr Bmjv‡gi wL`g‡Z wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³|

8. gymvwdi ev Amnvq cÖevmx cw_K|

wb‡P gvmvwi‡di weeiY †Ìqv n‡jv :

1. AfveMÖ¯Í ev dwKi : dwKi‡K evsjvq Mwie ejv nq| hv‡ì wKQy bv wKQy m¤ú` Av‡Q wKšÍycÖ‡qvR‡bi Zyjbvq Zv h‡_ó bq| hv‡ì Rxebavi‡Yi Rb¨ Ac‡ii mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZvi Iciwbf©i Ki‡Z nq, Ggb e¨w³‡K hvKvZ †Ìqv hvq| RxweKv AR©‡b A¶g e¨w³, c½y, BqvwZg wkï,weaev, ¯^v¯’¨nxb, `ye©j Ges hviv `yN©Ubv ev cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi wkKvi Ggb †jvK‡ì mvgwqKfv‡ehvKv‡Zi LvZ †_‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv hvq|

2. wgmwKb : hviv wbt¯, wb‡Ri †c‡Ui AbœI †hvMvo Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges AfveMÖ¯Í _vKv m‡Ë¡Im¤§v‡bi f‡q Kv‡iv Øvi¯’ nq bv, Zv‡ì wgmwKb e‡j| wgmwKb m¤ú‡K© nvw`‡m Av‡Q, Ò†h e¨w³Zvi cÖ‡qvRb †gvZv‡eK m¤ú` cvq bv, A_P AvZ¥m¤§v‡bi f‡q †m Ggbfv‡e P‡j †h, Zv‡K Afvexe‡j †evSvI hvq bv, hv‡Z †jv‡Kiv Zv‡K Avw_©K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avi †m mvnv‡hï Rb¨ Kv‡ivKv‡Q nvZI cv‡Z bv, wKQy PvqI bv|Ó (eyLvwi I gymwjg)| wgmwKb‡K hvKvZ †Ìqv hvq|

Bev`Z 29

3. hvKv‡Zi Rb¨ wb‡qvwRZ Kg©Pvixe„›` : hviv hvKvZ Av`vq K‡i, i¶Yv‡e¶Y K‡i, eÈb K‡i IwnmvecÎ iv‡L, Zv‡ì hvKv‡Zi Rb¨ wbhy³ Kg©Pvix e‡j| Zviv Avw_©K m½wZm¤úbœ n‡jI hvKvZ†_‡K Zv‡ì cvwikÖwgK †Ìqv hv‡e|

4. gb Rq Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ : m`¨ gymjgvb nIqv e¨w³i mgm¨v `~ixKi‡Y Ges Bmjv‡gi Ici AwePjivLvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Zv‡ì hvKvZ †Ìqv hv‡e| Bmjvwg cwifvlvq Zv‡ì ÔgyAvjøvdvZyjKzjyeÕ ejvn‡q‡Q| Bmjv‡gi cÖv_wgK hy‡M G RvZxq †jvK‡K hvKvZ †Ìqvi weavb wQj|

5. gyw³Kvgx `vm : †h `vm Zvi gwb‡ei mv‡_ wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© cwi‡kva mv‡c‡ÿ gyw³ cvIqvi Pzw³K‡i‡Q Ggb `vm‡K gyw³i g~j¨ cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ hvKvZ cÖ`vb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| eZ©gv‡b Bmjv‡gµxZ`vm cÖ_v Pvjy †bB weavq G Lv‡Z hvKv‡Zi A_© eÈb Kiv nq bv|

6. FYMÖ¯Í e¨w³ : †h wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb wgwU‡q FY cwi‡kva Ki‡Z A¶g, Zv‡ì hvKvZ w`‡q FYcwi‡kva Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv hvq|

7. Avjøvni c‡_ : Gi Aviwe cwifvlv n‡jv Ôwd mvwewjjøvnÕ| GwUi Ab¨ A_© wRnv`| Bmjv‡gi cÖPviI cÖmv‡i Ges Kzdwi eë¯’v‡K wbg©~j K‡i Bmjvwg eë¯’v cÖwZôvi mKj cÖ‡Póv‡KB wRnv` e‡j|†h †Kv‡bv Lvivc KvR †_‡K weiZ _vKvi msMÖvgB GK cÖKvi wRnv`| Giƒc Bmjv‡gi wL`g‡Zwb‡qvwRZ e¨w³‡K hvKvZ †_‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv hvq|

8. Amnvq cÖevmx cw_K : †Kv‡bv e¨w³ md‡i wM‡q Amnvq Ae¯’vq co‡j ev hvÎvc‡_ Avw_©K wec‡`co‡j mvgwqKfv‡e Zv‡K hvKv‡Zi A_© cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv `‡j wef³ n‡q ÔhvKv‡Zi gvmvwidÕ-Gi msw¶ß cwiPq †cv÷v‡i wj‡L †kÖwY‡Z Dc¯’vcbKi‡e|

cvV 4

hvKv‡Zi ¸iyZ¡ I Zvrch©

Bmjvwg hvKvZ eë¯’v mgv‡R cÖPwjZ _vK‡j, mgv‡Ri `wi`ª I Afvex gvby‡li bvbvwea mgm¨vi mgvavbn‡e| Avevi abxivI Zv‡ì `vqgy³ nIqvi we‡kl my‡hvM cv‡e| Kv‡RB Bmjv‡g hvKv‡Zi A‡bK ¸iyZ¡i‡q‡Q| wb‡gœ hvKv‡Zi KwZcq ¸iyZ¡ m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :

1. hvKv‡Zi A_©‰bwZK ¸iyZ¡hvKv‡Zi Ab¨Zg ¸iyZ¡ n‡jv A_©‰bwZK fvimvg¨ i¶v Kiv| mgv‡Ri †KD m¤ú‡ì cvnvo Mo‡e, myD”PBgvi‡Z emevm Ki‡e, wejvmeûj Rxebhvcb Ki‡e, Avi †KD Abvnv‡i, Aa©vnv‡i w`b KvUv‡e Ggbweavb Bmjv‡g †bB| †KD wk¶v, Lv`¨, e¯¿, evm¯’vb BZ¨vw` †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv, Avi


evwo evwo Nyi‡e, kvwšÍ I mv‡gï ag© Bmjvg Zv wKQy‡ZB mg_©b K‡i bv| Kv‡RB mKj †kÖwYi bvMwi‡Kig‡a¨ A_©‰bwZK fvimvg¨ i¶vi Rb¨ Bmjvg abx‡ì Ici hvKvZ dih K‡i‡Q| ivmyjyjøvn (m.) e‡jb,ÒAvjøvn ZvAvjv †jv‡Ki Ici mv`vKv (hvKvZ) dih K‡i‡Qb| Zv †bIqv n‡e abx‡ì †_‡K Ges wewj‡q†Ìqv n‡e `y¯’‡ì g‡a¨|Ó (eyLvwi I gymwjg)

mvaviYZ gvby‡li A‡_©i cÖwZ wjáv _v‡K| †h K…cY ¯^fv‡ei nq, †m wb‡Ri K‡ó DcvwR©Z A_© wbt¯v_©fv‡eKvD‡K w`‡Z Pvq bv| ZvB `qvgq Avjøvn ZvAvjv m¤ú`kvjx e¨w³‡ì gb‡K m¤ú‡ì wjáv, †jvf, K…cYZv,¯^v_©ciZv cÖf…wZ †`vl †_‡K gy³ I cweÎ ivLvi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb gvby‡li gb‡K `qvgq, †øn, ggZvfv‡jvevmv BZ¨vw` gvbweK ¸Ym¤úbœ K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì Ici hvKvZ dih K‡i w`‡q‡Qb|

m¤ú‡ì cÖK…Z gvwjK Avjøvn ZvAvjv| gvby‡li wbKU Zv AvgvbZ¯iƒc| gvbyl kÖg I †gavi Øviv m¤úÀR©b Ki‡e Ges cÖ‡qvRb †gvZv‡eK m¤ú` LiP Ki‡e| wKšÍy m¤ú` Rgv K‡i ivLv ev †Kej wb‡Ri†fvMwejv‡mi Rb¨ LiP Kiv Bmjvg Aby‡gv`b K‡i bv| KviY abx‡ì m¤ú‡` `wi‡`ªi AwaKvi Av‡Q ZvAek¨B Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e| Mwi‡ei AwaKvi Av`vq Ki‡j gvwjK `vqgy³ n‡e, m¤ú` cweÎ n‡e;Ab¨_vq m¤ú` nvjvj n‡e bv| Bmjvwg A_©bxwZ‡Z cuywRev` mg_©b Kiv nq bv| hvKvZ cÖ_vi gva¨‡gA_©‰bwZK fvimvg¨ i¶v Kiv nq|

nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) I Lyjvdv‡q ivwkw`‡bi hy‡M miKvwi eë¯’vcbvq hvKvZ Av`vq Kiv n‡Zv|Av`vqK…Z gv‡ji weZiYI miKvwi eë¯’vcbvq n‡Zv| wbmv‡ei wba©vwiZ cwigvY m¤ú‡ì gvwjKivhvKvZ w`‡Z eva¨ _vKZ| Ab¨w`‡K hviv hvKvZ cvIqvi nK`vi (`vwe`vi) Zviv mevB hvKv‡Zi A_©†c‡q DcK…Z n‡Zv|

KziAvb I nvw`‡mi wb‡`©k †gvZv‡eK hvKvZ Av`vq I weZiY Kiv gymjgvb‡ì GKwU cweÎ `vwqZ¡| Geë¯’vcbvi Ici gymjgvb‡ì mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK Kj¨vY A‡bKvs‡k wbf©ikxj| gymwjg m¤úª`vqBmjvwg eë¯’vcbvq hvKvZ Av`vq Ki‡j mgv‡R abx-`wi‡`ªi cv_©K¨ K‡g Avm‡e; †KD †eKvi _vK‡ebv| eis gymwjg mgv‡Ri A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vi ªyZ DbœwZ n‡e| Amnvq Mwie gvbyl‡K A_© w`‡q mvnvh¨Kiv GKwU gvbweK `vwqZ¡| hvKvZ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g G gvbweK ¸‡Yi weKvk NU‡e|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv `‡j wef³ n‡q ÔhvKv‡Zi A_©‰bwZKÕ ¸iy‡Z¡i Ici Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e|

2. hvKv‡Zi mvgvwRK ¸iyZ¡hvKv‡Zi gva¨‡g mgv‡R abx-`wi‡`ªi ga¨Kvi weivRgvb êlg¨ `~i nq| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ A_©‰bwZK mgZvi†¶Î cÖ¯‘Z nq| Avjøvni wb‡`©kg‡Zv h_vh_fv‡e hvKvZ cÖ`vb Ki‡j mgv‡Ri †Kv‡bv †jvK Abœnxb,e¯¿nxb, M„nnxb _vK‡e bv| †KD bv †L‡q _vK‡e bv| †KD webv wPwKrmvq Kó cv‡e bv|

m¤ú`kvjx e¨w³‡ì mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvq hvKvZ I mv`vKvi (`v‡bi) A‡_© Afvex‡ì cÖ‡qvRb wgwU‡qIA‡bK RbwnZKi Ges Kj¨vYg~jK KvR Kiv hvq| eû `wi ª e¨w³‡K A_©‰bwZKfv‡e ¯vej¤^x K‡i †Zvjvhvq| ¯^v¯’ëvb `wi`ª kÖwgK‡K Zvi kÖ‡gi Dc‡hvMx DcKiY †Ìqv m¤¢e nq| `wi‡`ªi Rb¨ †mevg~jK

Bev`Z 31

A‡bK cÖwZôvb †hgb BqvwZgLvbv, `vZe¨ wPwKrmvjq cÖf…wZ ¯’vcb Kiv hvq| Ggwbfv‡e mw¤§wjZcÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡j Ggb GK mgq Avm‡e hLb hvKvZ MÖnY Kivi †jvK Luy‡R cvIqv hv‡e bv| Bmjv‡gicÖ_g hy‡M Ggwb c`‡¶c MÖn‡Yi d‡j Ac~e© mvdj¨ AwR©Z n‡qwQj| `„óvšÍ¯îƒc Lwjdv nhiZ Dgi web&Avãyj Avwhh (iv.)-Gi hy‡Mi K_v D‡jøL Kiv hvq| Bmjvwg hvKvZ eë¯’v cÖPj‡bi d‡j, Zuvi hy‡MhvKvZ †bIqvi g‡Zv †jvK Luy‡R cvIqv KóKi wQj| Bmjvwg hvKvZ eë¯’v †MvUv mgvR‡K K„cYZv,msKxY©Zv, ¯v_©ciZv, wnsmv, we‡Øl cÖf„wZ e`f¨vm †_‡K cweÎ iv‡L Ges ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ fv‡jvevmv,Z¨vM, ggZ¡‡eva BZ¨vw` ¸Y AviI my`„p K‡i|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv `‡j wef³ n‡q ÔhvKv‡Zi mvgvwRK ¸iy‡Z¡iÕ Ici Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e|

cvV 5

nR ( )ÔnRÕ Aviwe kã| Gi AvwfavwbK A_© msKí Kiv, B”Qv Kiv BZ¨vw`| Bmjvwg cwifvlvq wbw`©ó w`bmg~‡nwba©vwiZ c×wZ‡Z Avjøvni ˆbKU¨ I mšÍywó jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ cweÎ KvevNi I mswkøó ¯’vbmg~‡n we‡klKvh©vw` m¤úv`b Kiv‡K nR e‡j| nR GKwU ¸iyZ¡c~Y© Avw_©K I kvixwiK Bev`Z| wRjnR gv‡mi 8 †_‡K12 ZvwiL ch©šÍ g°v, wgbv, Avivdv Ges gyh&`vwjdvq Avjøvn& I Zuvi ivmyj (m.)-Gi wb‡`©k †gvZv‡eKwewfbœ Kvh© m¤úv`b KivI n‡Ri AšÍfy©³| cÖ‡Z¨K my¯’, cÖvßeq¯‹, eyw×gvb I mvg_©ëvb gymwjgbibvixi Ici Rxe‡b GKevi nR Av`vq Kiv dih| Gici hZevi nR Ki‡e Zv bdj wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡eGes A‡bK mvIqv‡ei AwaKvix n‡e| nR m¤ú‡K© Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb :

Ògvby‡li g‡a¨ hvi †mLv‡b hvIqvi mvg_©¨ Av‡Q, Avjøvni D‡Ï‡k¨ H M„‡n nR Kiv Zvi Aek¨ KZ©e¨|Ó(myiv Av‡j Bgivb, AvqvZ 97)

†hme †jvK KvevNi ch©šÍ hvZvqv‡Zi ˆ`wnK ¶gZv iv‡L Ges nR n‡Z wd‡i Avmv Aewa cwievie‡M©iAvek¨Kxq e¨q ev‡` hvZvqv‡Zi LiP enb Ki‡Z m¶g, Zv‡ì Ici nR dih| gwnjv nvwR n‡jGKRb m½x _vK‡Z n‡e| m½x n‡eb ¯vgx A_ev Ggb AvZ¥xq hvi mv‡_ weevn m¤úK© nvivg| †hgb:evev, †Q‡j, fvB, PvPv, gvgv BZ¨vw`| mdim½xi e¨qfvi gwnjv nvwR‡KB enb Ki‡Z n‡e|

n‡Ri HwZnvwmK cUf~wgBmjv‡gi cuvPwU ¯Í‡¤¢i g‡a¨ mvjvZ Ab¨Zg| mvjvZ Av`vq I Avjøvni AvbyMZ¨ cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ c„w_ex‡Zme©cÖ_g g°v bMix‡Z †h Ni (Bev`ZLvbv) ˆZwi nq, Zvi bvg ÔevBZzjøvnÕ ev Avjøvni Ni| Kvjµ‡g GcweÎ Ni Rbgvbek~b¨ n‡q c‡o|


cÖvq Pvi nvRvi eQi Av‡Mi K_v| Biv‡K Rb¥ †bIqv Avjøvni bwe nhiZ Be&ivwng (Av.) AvjøvniAv‡`‡k wewe nv‡Riv I wkïcyÎ BmgvCj (Av.)-†K KvevN‡ii wbKUeZx© Rbgvbek~b¨ ¯’v‡b †i‡Lhvb| wewe nv‡Riv ¯vgx‡K j¶ K‡i ej‡jb : ÒAvgv‡ì Ggb giy cÖvšÍ‡i †d‡j †i‡L †Kb P‡jhvb?Ó DË‡i ¯^vgx ej‡jb, ÒAvjøvni wb‡`©k|Ó wewe nv‡Riv ej‡jb, ÒZvn‡j Avjøvni B”QvB c~Y©†nvK| wZwb Aek¨B Avgv‡ì euvwP‡q ivL‡eb|Ó hvIqvi mgq nhiZ Be&ivwng (Av.) Zuv‡ì Rb¨†`vqv Ki‡jb|

Ò†n Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK! Avwg Avgvi es‡ki KZK‡K emevm Kivjvg Abye©i DcZ¨Kvq †Zvgvi cweÎN‡ii wbKU| †n Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK! G Rb¨ †h, Zviv †hb mvjvZ Kv‡qg K‡i| AZGe Zzwg wKQz†jv‡Ki AšÍi Zv‡ì cÖwZ AbyivMx K‡i `vI Ges dj djvw` Øviv Zv‡ì wiwh‡Ki eë¯’v K‡i `vI †hbZviv K…ZÁZv cÖKvk K‡i|Ó (myiv Be&ivwng, AvqvZ 37)

bwe Be&ivwng (Av.)-Gi cÖv_©bv Avjøvn ZvAvjv Keyj Ki‡jb|

nhiZ Be&ivwng (Av.)-Gi †i‡L hvIqv mvgvb¨ Lv`¨ I cvbxq K‡qK w`‡bi g‡a¨B dzwi‡q †Mj| gv Iwkï cyÎ ¶zav wccvmvq KvZi| gv nv‡Riv wbKU¯’ mvdv cvnv‡o D‡V Pvwiw`‡K ZvwK‡q †`‡Lb, AvevigviIqv cvnv‡oi P~ovq D‡V Pvwiw`‡K ZvKvb, †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv Kv‡djv †`Lv hvq wK bv, hv‡Z Zv‡ìwbKU †_‡K mvgvb¨ cvwb wb‡q wccvmv KvZi cy‡Îi gy‡L †Ìqv hvq| wKšÍy †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv Rbgvb‡eiwPýI †`Lv †Mj bv| Ggwbfv‡e mvZevi mvdv I gviIqv cvnv‡o †`Šov‡`Šwo Ki‡jb| ZviB wb`k©b¯iƒcnvwRMY H ¯’v‡b (mvC) ªyZ nuv‡Ub| gv nv‡Riv †Kv_vI cvwbi mÜvb bv †c‡q wkïi Kv‡Q wd‡i G‡mwe¯§‡q †`L‡jb, wbK‡UB gvwU duy‡o ¯”Q cvwbi †dvqviv eB‡Q| G cvwbi †dvqvivB wQj weL¨vZ hg&hg&K~‡ci Drm| wewe nv‡Riv wkï BmgvCj‡K cvwb cvb Kwi‡q Zvi Z…òv wbeviY Ki‡jb| wb‡RIZ…wßmnKv‡i cvwb cvb K‡i Avjøvni †kvKwiqv Av`vq Ki‡jb| giyf~wg‡Z †hLv‡b cvwb _v‡K †mLv‡bAvKv‡k cvwL I‡o| `~i n‡Z Zv †`‡L Kv‡djv G‡m Rgv nq| Ryi&nvg es‡ki GK evwYR¨ Kv‡djv G‡mgv nv‡Rivi AbygwZ wb‡q †mLv‡b emevm kyiy Kij| µ‡g AviI †jvKRb G‡m R‡ov n‡jv| mK‡jiwek¦vm, G cyY¨vZ¥v gv I wkïi Kj¨v‡YB Avjøvn ZvAvjv G Eli giyi eyK wP‡i cvwbi SY©v eB‡q‡Qb|ax‡i ax‡i g°v GKwU Rbc‡` cwiYZ n‡jv|

nhiZ BmgvCj hLb wK‡kvi eq‡m DcbxZ n‡jb ZLb Be&ivwng (Av) GKwU AwMœcix¶vi m¤§yLxbn‡jb| cyÎ BmgvCj‡K Kzievwb Kivi Rb¨ Avjøvn Zuv‡K Av‡`k Ki‡jb| Avjøvn& ZvAvjv‡K Lywk KiviRb¨ nhiZ Be&ivwng (Av.) Avcb cyÎ‡K Kzievwb Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z n‡q G cix¶vq DËxY© n‡jb| ZviciAvjøvn& ZvAvjv Be&ivwng (Av)-†K KvevN‡ii ¯’vbwU †`wL‡q Zv cybwb©g©v‡Yi Av‡`k w`‡jb| Be&ivwng(Av.) cyÎ BmgvCj‡K mv‡_ wb‡q cweÎ KvevNi cybwb©g©vY K‡ib| Zvici G †`vqv K‡ib :

A_© : Ò†n Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡ì G KvR Keyj Kiyb| wbðqB Avcwb me©‡kÖvZv, me©Ávbx|Ó(myiv Avj-evKviv, AvqvZ 127)

Bev`Z 33

Gici Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi wb‡`©‡k nhiZ Be&ivwng (Av.) gvbyl‡K n‡Ri Rb¨ Avnevb K‡ib| cweÎKziAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q :

A_© : ÒAvi Avcwb mKj gvbyl‡K n‡Ri Rb¨ WvK w`b| Zviv G Wv‡K mvov w`‡q `~i-`~ivšÍ †_‡K cv‡q†nu‡U I D‡U P‡o Avm‡e|Ó (myiv Avj nv¾, AvqvZ 27)

nhiZ Be&ivwng (Av.)-Gi AvnŸv‡b Kvev kwid Avevi ZvIwn` cš’x‡ì cyY¨f~wg‡Z cwiYZ n‡jv|nhiZ Be&ivwng (Av.) P‡j †M‡jb Avcb Kg©‡¶‡Î| Avi nhiZ BmgvCj (Av.) i‡q †M‡jb g°vq|cieZx©Kv‡j wZwbI bwe n‡jb| g„Zzï mgq Kvevi `vwqZ¡fvi Ac©Y K‡i †M‡jb Avcb eska‡ii Ici|Kvjµ‡g Zviv Avjøvn‡K fz‡j wM‡q g~wZ©c~Rv kyiy Kij| KvevM„‡n Zviv ¯’vcb Kij 360wU g~wZ©| n‡Rimgq Be&ivwng (Av.)-Gi cÖ_v¸‡jv cvwjZ n‡Zv Z‡e Zviv c~Rv-AP©bv KiZ cÖwZgvi mvg‡b|

DËivwaKvi m~‡Î KzivBk esk ZL‡bv Kvevi i¶K Ges n‡Ri ZË¡veavqK wQj| d‡j †`k-we‡`‡k wQjZv‡ì h‡_ó m¤§vb| G es‡kB Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Avgv‡ì wcÖq bwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)| evj¨Kvj †_‡KwZwb g~wZ©c~Rv‡K AcQ›` Ki‡Zb| g°vq AwZ AímsL¨K †jvK ZL‡bv g~wZ©c~Rv‡K N„Yv Ki‡Zb| Zuv‡ìejv n‡Zv nvwbd ev GKwbô| Zuviv g~wZ©c~Rv bv K‡i Be&ivwnwg nR cvjb Ki‡Zb| g°v weR‡qi ci bweKvwig (m.) cybivq Be&ivwnwg nR Pvjy K‡ib|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv n‡Ri HwZnvwmK cUf~wgi Ici `‡j wef³ n‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e|

n‡Ri Zvrch©

Bmjv‡gi cvuPwU ¯Í‡¤¢i g‡a¨ nR cÂg| mvivwe‡k¦i gymwjg RvwZi gnvm‡¤§jb| we‡k¦i mKj gymwjg †hGK D¤§Z, nR †gŠmy‡g g°vq Gi ev¯Íe cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| c„w_exi mKj †`‡ki gymjgvbMY AvjøvnZvAvjvi mšÍywó AR©‡bi Avkvq wbw`©ó w`b¸‡jv‡Z g°vq GKÎ nq| mw¤§wjZfv‡e Abyôvb cvjb K‡i|

mK‡ji ag© GK, D‡Ïk¨ GK, Kg©m~wPI GK| mK‡ji cwiav‡b GKB ai‡bi mv`v †cvkvK| fvlv, eY©,Rxeb c×wZi wewfbœZv m‡Ë¡I Zviv mK‡j GKB aŸwb D”Pvi‡Y GKvKvi n‡q hvq| mK‡ji ü`‡q GKAvjøvni bvg| G‡Z c„w_exi me †`‡ki †jv‡Ki ci¯úi wgj‡bi my‡hvM nq| ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ fv‡ei Av`vbcÖ`vb nq| cÖ‡qvRbxq mgm¨v mgvav‡bi my‡hvM nq| Gfv‡e nR mvivwe‡k¦i gymjgvb‡K mvg¨ I åvZ…Z¡

eÜ‡b Ave× K‡i| cÖwZ eQi nvwR‡ì n‡R Mgb I cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi d‡j gymwjg Rvnv‡bi cÖ‡Z¨K AÂ‡jgymjgv‡bi cÖv‡Y GK Awfbe Av‡jvob m„wó nq| Bmjv‡gi cÖvYPvÂj¨ cwi‡ek eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ n‡Ri†h GK weivU Ae`vb Av‡Q Gi gva¨‡g Zv ev¯Í‡e cÖwZdwjZ nq|


n‡Ri dwhjZBmjv‡g cÖ‡Z¨KwU Bev`‡ZiB h‡_ó ¸iyZ¡ I dwhjZ i‡q‡Q| n‡RiI A‡bK ¸iyZ¡ I dwhjZ i‡q‡Q|n‡Ri ¸iyZ¡ m¤ú‡K© ivmyjyjøvvn (m.) e‡jb:

A_© : Ò†h e¨w³ evqZzjøvn whqvi‡Z G‡m †Kv‡bv Akøxj KvR Kij bv, Avjøvni AcQ›`bxq †Kv‡bv Kv‡Rwjß n‡jv bv, †m ¸bvn ev cvc †_‡K Ggbfv‡e cweÎ n‡q wdij †hgb †m cweÎ wQj †mw`b, †hw`b †mZvi gv‡qi †cU †_‡K Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQj|Ó (eyLvwi I gymwjg)

wZwb AviI e‡jb, Ò†Zvgiv nR I Dgivn ci ci Ki‡Z _vK| KviY G `yBwU Bev`Z `vwi ª¨, AfveGes ¸bvn¸‡jv‡K Ggbfv‡e `~i K‡i †`q †hgb Av¸‡bi fvwU †jvnv, †mvbv I i~cvi gqjv `~ixf~Z K‡iZv weï× K‡i †`q| n‡R gveiy‡ii (gvKeyj) cÖwZ`vb n‡”Q GKgvÎ RvbœvZÓ (bvmvC)| †h gymjgvb‡ìIci nR dih Zv‡ì DwPZ Lywk g‡b nR cvjb Kiv|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv `‡j wef³ n‡q n‡Ri dwRjZ I Zvrc‡h©i Ici Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e|

cvV 6

n‡Ri dihmg~n ( )

n‡Ri dih wZbwU

1. n‡Ri wbq‡Z Bn&ivg euvav|

2. Avivdvi gq`v‡b 9B whjnR Zvwi‡L Ae¯’vb (IK~d) Kiv|

3. ZvIqv‡d whqviZ Kiv|

n‡Ri IqvwRemg~n ( )

n‡Ri IqvwRe KvR cuvPwU

1. Avivdvi gq`vb n‡Z cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi mgq gyh`vwjdvq Ae¯’vb Kiv|

2. mvdv I gviIqv cvnvoØ‡qi gvSLv‡b †`Šov‡bv ev mvC Kiv|

3. kqZvb‡K (RvgivZzj AvKvevq) KsKi wb‡¶c Kiv|

4. ZvIqv‡d we`v A_©vr g°vi evB‡i †_‡K AvMZ nvwR‡ì Rb¨ we`vqKvjxb ZvIqvd Kiv| G‡KZvIqvdzj we`v (we`vqx ZvIqvdI) e‡j|

5. gv_v gyov‡bv ev Pyj QuvUv|

Bev`Z 35

n‡Ri mybœvZmg~n ( )

n‡Ri A‡bK mybœvZ i‡q‡Q| wb‡P K‡qKwU mybœvZ D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv :

1. ewnivMZ‡ì Rb¨ ZvIqv‡d Kz`yg (AvMgbx ZvIqvd) Kiv|

2. nvR‡i AvmIqv` †_‡K ZvIqvd kyiy Kiv|

3. whjnR gv‡mi 7 Zvwi‡L Bgv‡gi g°vq nR m¤ú‡K© LyZev cÖ`vb Kiv| 9 Zvwi‡L Avivdvq wØcÖn‡iici LyZev cÖ`vb Kiv| GKv`k Zvwi‡L wgbvq LyZev †Ìqv|

4. 8B whjn‡R g°v †_‡K Avivdvi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIqvbv Kiv, wgbvq Dcw¯’Z n‡q hyni †_‡K 9B whjn‡RdRi ch©šÍ Ae¯’vb K‡i cuvP Iqv³ bvgvh Av`vq Kiv|

5. 9B whjn‡R m~h© IVvi ci wgbv †_‡K Avivdvi w`‡K iIqvbv Kiv|

6. m¤¢e n‡j Avivdv‡Z †Mvmj Kiv|

7. Bnivg euvavi Av‡M †Mvmj Kiv|

8. gyh&`vwjdvq ivZ KvUv‡bvi ci dR‡ii bvgvh Av`vq K‡i m~h© D`‡qi c~‡e© wgbvi w`‡K iIqvbv Kiv|

9. whjnR gv‡mi 11, 12 Zvwi‡L KsKi wb‡ÿc (ivwg) Gi Rb¨ wgbv‡Z ivZhvcb Kiv|

10. whjnR gv‡mi 11, 12 I 13 Zvwi‡L µgaviv wVK †i‡L KsKi wb‡ÿc Kiv|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv n‡Ri dih, IqvwRe ev mybœvZ¸‡jv †cv÷v‡i wj‡L †kÖwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

cvV 7

nR cvj‡bi wbqg

Bmjv‡gi cÖwZwU KvR wbw`©ó c×wZ‡Z Av`vq Ki‡Z nq| nR Av`v‡qiI wbw`©ó c×wZ Av‡Q| wb‡gœnR cvj‡bi wbqgvewj avivevwnKfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :

Bn&ivg : Bnivg Aviwe kã| Gi A_© wbwl×| bvgv‡hi D‡Ï‡k¨ †hgb Zvnwigv euva‡Z nq, n‡Ri RbÏ†Zgwb Bn&ivg euva‡Z nq| GwU n‡Ri AvbyôvwbK wbqZ| kvIqvj gv‡mi cÖ_g ZvwiL †_‡K whjnRgv‡mi 9 ZvwiL ch©šÍ †h‡Kv‡bv w`b Bnivg evuav hvq| G mgq Qvov Ab¨ mgq Bnivg evua‡j n‡e bv| Gmgq Bn&iv‡gi †cvkvK co‡e I wKejvgyLx n‡q mi‡e Zvjweqv cvV Ki‡e| nR †gŠmyg Qvov Ab¨ mgqhw` †KD KvevNi whqvi‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨ g°v Mg‡bi B”Qv K‡i Z‡e Zv‡KI n‡Ri Bnivg euvavi ¯’v‡b(wgKv‡Z) †cŠu‡Q Bn&ivg euva‡Z n‡e|


ZvIqv‡d Kz`yg (AvMgwb ZvIqvd)Bn&ivg euvavi ci g°v †cuŠ‡Q KvevN‡ii Pviav‡i ZvIqvd Ki‡Z nq| A_©vr mvZevi Nyi‡Z nq| g°vkwid †cŠQvi ci GwU cÖ_g ZvIqvd| G Kvi‡Y G‡K ZvIqv‡d Kz`yg ev AvMgwb ZvIqvd ejv nq|nvR‡i AvmIqv` n‡Z ZvIqvd kyiy Ki‡Z nq|

mvC : AvMgwb ZvIqvd †kl K‡i KvevN‡ii AbwZ`~‡i Aew¯’Z mvdv I gviIqv cvnv‡oi gv‡Si c_wUmvZevi AwZµg Ki‡Z nq| G‡K ejv nq mvC| mvdv cvnvo †_‡K mvC kyiy K‡i gviIqv cvnv‡o †klKi‡Z nq|

Zvici Bn&ivg Ae¯’vq whjnR gv‡mi mvZ ZvwiL ch©šÍ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z nq| G mg‡qi g‡a¨ hZeviB”Qv ZvIqvd Kiv hvq G¸‡jv bdj ZvIqvd| mvC Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| bdj ZvIqv‡d A‡bK mvIqvecvIqv hvq|

7B whjnRG Zvwi‡L hyni bvgv‡hi ci Bgvg LyZ&ev †`b| G LyZ&evq wZwb nR m¤úKx©q ÁvZe¨ welq we‡kl K‡i 8ZvwiL wgbvq Ges 9 ZvwiL Avivdv‡Z KiYxq ev Avn&Kvg m¤‡Ü cÖ‡qvRbxq wbqg-Kvbyb eY©bv K‡ib|

8B whjnRG Zvwi‡L nvwRMY m~‡hv©`‡qi ci wgbvq Av‡mb| mybœvZ Abyhvqx †Mvmj K‡iI Bniv‡gi Pv`i c‡iÔgmwR`yjnvivgÕ ev evBZzjøvn& kwi‡d Av‡mb| Bnivg I wbq‡Zi mv‡_ mv‡_B Zvjweqv cvV Ki‡Z Ki‡Zwgbvq †h‡Z nq| †mLv‡b c‡ii w`b ch©šÍ cvuP Iqv³ bvgvh Av`vq Kiv mybœvZ|

9B whjnRbeg ZvwiL Avivdvi w`em| Gw`b mKv‡jB ÔAvivdvq Ae¯’v‡biÕ D‡Ï‡k¨ wgbvq dR‡ii bvgvh Av`vqK‡i Avivdvi gq`v‡bi w`‡K iIqvbv Ki‡Z nq| GLv‡b Bgv‡gi †cQ‡b hyn‡ii Iqv‡³ hyni I AvmiDfq bvgvh GKm‡½ Av`vq Ki‡Z nq| bvgv‡hi c~‡e© Bgvg LyZ&ev †`b| LyZevq n‡Ri evwK wewaweavbeY©bv K‡ib| Avivdvi gq`v‡b Ae¯’vb n‡Ri GKwU dih KvR| 9 ZvwiL A_ev Awbevh© Kvi‡Y 9Zvwi‡Li ivZ cieZx© myewn mvw`‡Ki c~‡e© †Kv‡bv mg‡q GK gyû‡Z©i Rb¨ n‡jI Avivdvi gv‡V Ae¯’vbKi‡Z nq| Ab¨_vq nR n‡e bv| Gw`b m~h©v‡¯Íi mv‡_ mv‡_ Avivdvi gvV †_‡K wgbvi w`‡K wdi‡Znq| c‡i gyh`vwjdv bvgK ¯’v‡b †cŠ‡Q Bkvi bvgv‡hi mg‡q gvMwie I Bkv GK m‡½ Av`vq Ki‡Znq&| G ivZ gyh`vwjdvq KvUv‡Z nq|

10B whjnR`kg w`b Kzievwbi w`b| Gw`b mKv‡j m~‡h©v`‡qi c~‡e© nvwRMY wgbvi c‡_ iIqvbv nq| wgbvi GK¯’v‡b kqZv‡bi cÖwZK…wZ wn‡m‡e cici wZbwU cvKv ¯Í¤¢ Av‡Q| †mLv‡b †cuŠ‡Q Gw`b eo kqZv‡bicÖwZK…wZ‡K j¶¨ K‡i mvZwU KsKi wb‡¶c Ki‡Z nq| KsKi¸‡jv †Qvjv cwigvY eo n‡Z nq| nhiZBe&ivwng (Av.) hLb Avjøvni Bw½‡Z cÖvYwcÖq GKgvÎ cyÎ BmgvCj (Av.)-†K Kzievwb Ki‡Z hvw”Q‡jb,

Bev`Z 37

ZLb kqZvb wcZv-cy‡Îi g‡b msk‡qi m„wó K‡i Zuv‡ì weåvšÍ Kivi †Póv Pvwj‡qwQj| Zvuiv wei³n‡q kqZv‡bi cÖwZ cv_i wb‡¶c K‡iwQ‡jb| Avjøvni cÖwZ Zuv‡ì fv‡jvevmv I wbôvi cÖwZ m¤§vb†`wL‡q nvwRMY G cv_i wb‡¶c K‡i _v‡Kb|

KsKi wb‡¶‡ci ci G wgbv‡ZB Kzievwb Ki‡Z nq| Kzievwbi ci nvwRMY gv_v Kvwg‡q Bn&ivg †_‡Kgy³ nb| Pzj †QvU Ki‡jI P‡j, Z‡e mg¯Í gv_vi Pzj mgcwigv‡c _vK‡Z nq| †g‡q‡ì‡K Pz‡jiAMÖfv‡Mi wKQzUv KvU‡jB P‡j| Zvici H Zvwi‡LB A_ev 11 wKsev 12 Zvwi‡L g°v wd‡i KvevNiZvIqvd Ki‡Z nq| G ZvIqvd‡K ZvIqv‡d whqviZ ejv nq| GwU n‡Ri GKwU dih KvR|

g°vq cÖ_g cÖ‡e‡ki mgq hw` mvdv I gviIqvq mvC bv K‡i _v‡K Z‡e G ZvIqv‡di ci mvC Ki‡Znq| Av‡M K‡i _vK‡j Avi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e bv| Zvici wgbvq wd‡i †h‡Z nq Ges †mLv‡bB 11 I 12ZvwiL _vK‡Z nq|

11 I 12 ZvwiL `ycy‡ii ci wgbvi wZbwU ¯Í‡¤¢i cÖwZwU‡Z mvZwU K‡i KsKi gvi‡Z nq| Zvici B‡”QKi‡j 12 Zvwi‡LB g°vq wd‡i Avm‡Z cv‡ib| hw` †KD wgbvq †_‡K hvb Z‡e Zuv‡K 13 ZvwiL `ycy‡iici wZbwU ¯Í‡¤¢ cv_i wb‡ÿc K‡i g°vq wdi‡Z nq| Gfv‡e n‡Ri Kvh©vewj mgvß Ki‡Z nq| hvivewnivMZ Zv‡ì me©‡kl KvR n‡”Q we`vqx ZvIqvd Kiv| G‡K ÔZvIqvdzj we`vÕ ev cÖZ¨veZ©bKvjxbZvIqvdI e‡j| ewnivMZ‡ì Rb¨ G ZvIqvd IqvwRe|

n‡Ri ÎywU I Zv ms‡kva‡bi Dcvq :

nR cvjbKv‡j Awb”QvqI A‡bK ÎywU-wePz¨wZ ev wbq‡gi e¨wZµg NU‡Z cv‡i| GB ÎywUi †Kv‡bvwU ¸iyZiAvevi †Kv‡bvwU mvaviY ch©v‡qi n‡q _v‡K| n‡Ri IqvwRe cvj‡b avivevwnKZvi e¨wZµg NU‡j Ô`gÕIqvwRe nq| †hgb : gv_v gyÊ‡bi c~‡e© kqZvb‡K KsKi wb‡¶c Kiv| Avi Ô`gÕ n‡”Q GKwU QvMj,†fov ev `y¤^v Kzievwb Kiv| DU ev Miyi GK-mßgvskI Gi ¯’jvwfwl³ n‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYfv‡e BnivgAe¯’vq wbwl× KvR¸‡jv ev nvivg kwid GjvKvq wbwl× †Kv‡bv KvR Ki‡j cÖwZ`vb ¯iƒc Ô`gÕ evKzievwb Ki‡Z nq| Avevi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î mv`vKv w`‡Z nq|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv nR cvj‡bi avivevwnK wbqg¸‡jv msw¶ß wk‡ivbv‡g †cv÷v‡i wj‡L †kÖwY‡ZDc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

cvV 8

Kzievwb ( )

Kzievwbi aviYvKzievwbi mgv_©K kã ÔDhwnq¨vn&Õ| Gi AvwfavwbK A_© Z¨vM, DrmM© BZ¨vw`| kwiq‡Zi cwifvlvqwhjnvR gv‡mi 10 ZvwiL mKvj †_‡K 12 ZvwiL mÜ¨v ch©šÍ Avjøvni ˆbKU¨ jv‡fi Rb¨ †h cï h‡enKiv nq Zv‡K Kzievwb e‡j|


eZ©gv‡b †h Kzievwb cÖ_v cÖPwjZ Av‡Q, Zv nhiZ Be&ivwng (Av.)-Gi mgq †_‡K P‡j Avm‡Q| BnvAvZ¥Z¨vM I Avjøvni ˆbKU¨ jv‡fi GK Ab¨Zg gva¨g| Bnv GKwU DËg Bev`Z| ivmyjyjøvn (m.)e‡jb : ÒKzievwbi w`‡b i³ cÖevwnZ Kivi †P‡q wcÖq KvR Avjøvni wbKU Avi wKQyB †bB| H e¨w³wKqvg‡Zi w`b Kzievwbi cïi wks, ¶zi I †jvgmg~n wb‡q nvwRi n‡e| Kzievwbi i³ gvwU‡Z coviAv‡MB Zv Avjøvni wbKU we‡kl gh©v`vi ¯’v‡b †cuŠ‡Q hv‡e| AZGe †Zvgiv Kzievwbi Øviv wb‡R‡ì‡KcweÎ Ki|Ó (wZiwgwh)

ivmyjyjøvn (m.) AviI e‡jb : Òmvg_©¨ _vKv m‡Ë¡I †h Kzievwb Kij bv †m †hb Avgv‡ì C`Mv‡niwbKUeZx© bv nq|Ó (Be‡b gvRvn)

Kzievwbi cUf~wg

nhiZ Be&ivwng (Av.)-†K Avjøvn& ZvAvjv eûevi wewfbœfv‡e cix¶v K‡i‡Qb| mKj cix¶vq wZwb DËxY©n‡q‡Qb| Gevi wZwb GK AwMœcix¶vi m¤§yLxb n‡jb| GK iv‡Z ¯‡cœ †`L‡jb, cyÎ BmgvCj‡K KzievwbKi‡Z Avjøvn Zuv‡K Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb| e„× eq‡mi GKgvÎ mšÍvb BmgvCj A‡c¶v `ywbqv‡Z AwaKZiwcÖq Avi Kx n‡Z cv‡i? A‡bK wPšÍv-fvebv K‡i wZwb †kl wm×v‡šÍ †cŠQ‡jb, Avjøvn hv‡Z Lywk nb ZvBwZwb Ki‡eb| cweÎ KziAv‡b D‡jøL i‡q‡Q, ZLb wZwb cyÎ BmgvCj‡K ej‡jb, ÒwZwb (Be&ivwng)ej‡jb : †n erm! Avwg ¯‡cœ †`‡LwQ †h, †Zvgv‡K Avwg h‡en KiwQ| GLb †Zvgvi AwfgZ Kx? wZwb(BmgvCj) ej‡jb : †n Avgvi AveŸv! Avcwb hv Avw`ó n‡q‡Qb Zv-B Kiyb| Avjøvn B”Qv Ki‡j AvcwbAvgv‡K âh©kxj‡ì AšÍfy©³ cv‡eb|Ó (Avm&-mvd&dvZ: 102)

†Q‡ji G mvnwmKZvc~Y© DËi †c‡q bwe Be&ivwng (Av.) Lywk n‡jb| Avjøvn‡K mšyÍó Kivi Rb¨ wZwb cyÎBmgvC‡ji Mjvq Zievwi Pvjv‡jb| Gev‡ii cix¶v‡ZI Be&ivwng (Av.) DËxY© n‡jb| cweÎ KziAv‡bAv‡Q:

A_©: ÒZLb Avwg Zv‡K AvnŸvb K‡i ejjvg: †n Be&ivwng! Zzwg †Zv ¯cœv‡`k mwZ¨B cvjb Ki‡j|Ó(myiv Avm&-mvd&dvZ, AvqvZ 104-105)

Avjøvn ZvAvjv Lywk n‡q †e‡nkZ †_‡K GKwU `y¤v G‡b BmgvC‡ji RvqMvq Zievwii wb‡P ïB‡qw`‡jb| nhiZ BmgvCj (Av) Gi cwie‡Z© `y¤v Kzievwb n‡q †Mj| G Ac~e© Z¨v‡Mi NUbv‡K wPi¯§iYxqK‡i ivLvi Rb¨ ZLb n‡ZB Kzievwb cÖ_v Pvjy n‡q‡Q| GwU AvR gymwjg mgv‡R GKwU cweÎag©vbyôvbiƒ‡c ¯^xK…Z|

Kzievwbi wbqgvewj I wewaweavbKzievwbi KwZcq we‡kl wbqgvewj I wewaweavb wb‡æ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :

1. whjnR gv‡mi 10 ZvwiL dRi n‡Z 12 ZvwiL mÜ¨v ch©šÍ hw` †KD wbw`©ó cwigvY m¤ú‡ì gvwjK(mvwn‡e wbmve) nq, Z‡e Zvi Ici Kzievwb IqvwRe| gymvwd‡ii Ici Kzievwb IqvwRe bq|

Bev`Z 39

2. whjnR gv‡mi 10, 11 Ges 12 ZvwiL ch©šÍ wZb w`b Kzievwbi mgq| G wZb w`‡bi †h‡Kv‡bv w`bKzievwb Kiv hvq| Z‡e cÖ_g w`b Kzievwb Kiv DËg|

3. C yj Avhnvi bvgv‡hi Av‡M Kzievwb Kiv mwVK bq| bvgvh Av`v‡qi ci Kzievwb Ki‡Z nq|

4. my¯’ mej QvMj, †fov, `y¤v, Miy, gwnl, DU BZ¨vw` M„ncvwjZ cky Øviv Kzievwb Ki‡Z nq| Miy,gwnl Ges D‡U GK n‡Z mvZ Rb ch©šÍ kwiK n‡q Kzievwb Kiv hvq|

5. Kzievwbi QvM‡ji eqm Kgc‡¶ GK eQi n‡Z n‡e| Miy I gwnl Kgc‡¶ `yB eQ‡ii n‡Z n‡e|D‡Ui eqm Kgc‡¶ cuvP eQi n‡Z n‡e| `y¤v I †fovi eqm QvM‡ji g‡Zv| Z‡e Qq gv‡mi †ewkeq‡mi `y¤^vi ev”Pv hw` Giƒc †gvUvZvRv nq †h, GK eQ‡ii A‡bK¸‡jv `y¤^vi g‡a¨ †Q‡o w`‡j †Pbvhvq bv, Z‡e †miƒc ev”Pv w`‡q Kzievwb Rv‡qh| wKšÍy QvM‡ji ev”Pvi GK eQi eqm bv n‡j KzievwbRv‡qh n‡e bv|

6. Kzievwbi †MvkZ mvaviYZ wZb fvM K‡i GK fvM Mwie wgmwKb‡K, GKfvM AvZ¥xq ¯Rb‡K w`‡Znq Ges GKfvM wb‡Ri Rb¨ ivLv DËg|

7. wbR nv‡Z Kzievwb Kiv DËg|

8. Kzievwbi cÖvYx `w¶Y w`‡K gv_v †i‡L wKejvgyLx K‡i, aviv‡jv A¯¿ Øviv Ôwemwgjøvwn AvjøvûAvKeviÕ e‡j h‡en Ki‡Z nq|

cÖ‡Z¨K gymjgv‡bi DwPZ Kzievwbi mgq GKvMÖZvi mv‡_ DËg cï Kzievwb Kiv| Zv‡Z Zuviv A‡bKmvIqve cv‡e| ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ AvšÍwiKZv evo‡e Ges n„`¨Zvc~Y© cwi‡ek m„wó n‡e|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv `‡j wef³ n‡q Kzievwbi cUf~wg I wbqgvewj Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e|

cvV 9

AvwKKv ( )

AvwKKvi aviYvÔAvwKKvÕ Aviwe kã| Gi A_© fvOv, †K‡U †djv BZ¨vw`| Bmjvwg cwifvlvq mšÍvb R‡b¥i ci mßgw`‡b Zvi Kj¨vY Kvgbv K‡i Avjøvni bv‡g †Kv‡bv nvjvj M„ncvwjZ cï hevB Kiv‡K AvwKKv ejv nq|

AvwKKv Kiv mybœvZ| Gi gva¨‡g Avjøvni ingZ cvIqv hvq| mšÍv‡bi wec`vc` `~i nq| Kv‡RB cÖ‡Z¨KwcZvgvZvi DwPZ beRvZ mšÍv‡bi bv‡g h_vmg‡q AvwKKv Kiv| nvw`‡m Av‡Q, ÒcÖwZwU beRvZ mšÍvbAvwKKvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³| Zvi R‡b¥i mßg w`‡b Zvi bv‡g cï R‡en Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvi bvg ivLv n‡e,Zvi gv_vi Pzj gyÊb Kiv n‡e|Ó (bvmvwq)


bwe Kvwig (m.)-Gi Av‡MI AvwKKvi cÖPjb wQj| Avjøvn ZvAvjvi AbygwZ‡Z wZwb Zv Pvjy iv‡Lb|

gnvbwe (m.) wb‡R AvwKKv K‡i‡Qb, Ab¨‡K G e¨vcv‡i Drmvn w`‡q‡Qb| wcZvgvZv AvwKKv bv Ki‡j

wb‡Ri AvwKKv wb‡RI Kiv hvq| ivmyjyjøvn (m.) bwe nIqvi ci wb‡Ri AvwKKv wb‡RB K‡iwQ‡jb|

AvwKKv mšÍvb R‡b¥i mßg w`‡b Kiv gy¯Ívnve| mßg w`‡b bv cvi‡j 14, 21 Zvwi‡L A_©vr cÖwZAwZwi³ mßg w`‡bI Kiv hvq| gvZvwcZvi Kv‡Q me‡P‡q wcÖq n‡jv mšÍvb| mšÍvb R‡b¥i mßg w`‡b

PviwU KvR Kiv DËg|

K. mšÍv‡bi Bmjvwg bvg ivLv|

L. gv_v gyÊb Kiv|

M. gv_vi Pz‡ji IRb cwigvY †mvbv ev iycv `vb Kiv|

N. AvwKKv Kiv|

AvwKKv Av`v‡qi wbqggymjgv‡bi cÖ‡Z¨KwU ˆea KvRB Bev`Z| Bev`Z Av`v‡qi mywbw`©ó wbqg i‡q‡Q| Avi wbqgg‡Zv KvRwU

mgvav Ki‡j Aek¨B Avjøvni mšÍywó cvIqv hvq| ZvB AvwKKv KivI GKwU Bev`Z Ges Zv Av`v‡qi

mywbw`©ó wbqg i‡q‡Q| G wel‡q ivmyjyjøvn (m.) e‡jb : Ò†Q‡j mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ `ywU QvMj I †g‡q mšÍv‡bi

Rb¨ GKwU QvMj h‡en& KivB h‡_ó|Ó (bvmvwq)|

AvwKKvi Rb¨ †Q‡j n‡j `ywU Avi †g‡q n‡j GKwU QvMj ev †fov hevB Ki‡Z nq wKsev Kzievwbi Miyi

g‡a¨ †Q‡ji Rb¨ `yB Avi †g‡qi Rb¨ GK Ask †bIqv hvq|

†h mKj cï Øviv Kzievwb Kiv hvq H mKj cï Øviv AvwKKvI P‡j| AvwKKvi cïi eqm Kzievwbi cïi

eq‡mi Abyiƒc n‡Z n‡e|

AvwKKvi cïi †MvkZ Kzievwbi cïi †Mvk‡Zi b¨vq wZb fvM K‡i GKB wbq‡g eÈb Ki‡Z nq| G

†MvkZ mšÍv‡bi wcZvgvZv, fvB‡evb mK‡jB †L‡Z cv‡i| G †MvkZ ivbœv K‡i AvZ¥xq ¯Rb I Mwie

wgmwKb‡K LvIqv‡bv hvq| Pvgov Mwie-wgmwKb‡K `vb K‡i w`‡Z nq|

AvwKKvi cï mšÍv‡bi wcZvi wbR nv‡Z hevB Kiv DËg| wb‡R AcviM n‡j A‡b¨i mvnv‡h¨ h‡en

Kiv‡bv hvq|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv `‡j wef³ n‡q AvwKKv Av`v‡qi wbqgvewj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e|

Bev`Z 41

cvV 10

Kzievwbi Z¨v‡Mi wk¶v

Kzievwb ej‡Z ïay Miy, QvMj, gwnl, `y¤v BZ¨vw` hevB Kiv †evSvq bv| eis Gi Øviv Avjøvn ZvAvjvimšÍwó AR©b †evSvq| Kzievwb Avjøvni bwe nhiZ Beivwng (Av.) I nhiZ BmgvCj (Av.) Gi AZyjbxqZ¨v‡Mi ¯§„wZ enb K‡i| Gi gva¨‡g gymjgvbMY †NvlYv K‡ib †h, Zv‡ì Kv‡Q wbR Rvbgvj A‡c¶vAvjøvni mšÍywó AR©‡bi g~j¨ A‡bK †ewk| Zviv cïi Mjvq Qzwi Pvwj‡q Gi i³ cÖevwnZ K‡i AvjøvniKv‡Q kc_ K‡i e‡j, Ò†n Avjøvn! †Zvgvi mšÍwó AR©‡bi Rb¨ †hfv‡e cïi i³ cÖevwnZ KiwQ, cÖ‡qvR‡bAvgv‡ì kix‡ii i³ cÖevwnZ Ki‡ZI KzwÉZ ne bv|Ó †K KZ UvKv LiP K‡i cï µq K‡i‡Q, Kvi cïKZ †gvUv ZvRv, KZ my›ì Avjøvn Zv †`L‡Z Pvb bv| wZwb †`L‡Z Pvb Kvi AšÍ‡i KZUzKz Avjøvnifv‡jvevmv I ZvKIqv Av‡Q| cweÎ KziAv‡b gnvb Avjøvn e‡jb :

A_©: ÒKL‡bv Avjøvni wbKU †cuŠQvq bv G¸‡jvi †MvkZ Ges i³ eis †cuŠQvq †Zvgv‡ì ZvKIqv|Ó(myiv nv¾, AvqvZ 37)

AvZ¥Z¨vM I AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi g~Z© cÖZxK wQ‡jb nhiZ Be&ivwng (Av.) I nhiZ BmgvCj (Av.)| gvby‡liRxe‡b G wk¶v MÖnY Ki‡j Zviv n‡q DV‡e G‡K Ac‡ii cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj, c‡ivcKvix I AvZ¥Z¨vMx|AvZ¥Z¨vMx gvbylB mgvR I iv‡óªi Kj¨vY e‡q Avb‡Z cv‡i| wb‡Ri myL kvwšÍi evwn‡i hviv mgv‡Rigvby‡li myL‡K eo K‡i †`‡L, ZvivB cÖK…Z gvbyl| Kzievwbi Z¨v‡Mi wk¶v Avgv‡ì‡K c‡ivcKv‡iDrmvwnZ Ki‡e I gvbeZvev`x †PZbvi weKvk NU‡e|

KvR : ÔKzievwbi wk¶v gvbyl‡K AvZ¥Z¨vMx I c‡ivcKvix n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|Õ wk¶v_©xiv `‡j wef³n‡q G wel‡q weZ‡K©i Av‡qvRb Ki‡e| wk¶K g‡nv`q wePvi‡Ki f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡eb|

n‡Ri mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK ¸iyZ¡nR GKvšÍB e¨w³MZ Bev`Z| Avjøvni †cÖwgK nvwRMY Avjøvni ˆbKU¨ I fv‡jvevmv jv‡fi Rb¨ nRK‡i _v‡Kb| Zv m‡Ë¡I mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK I AvšÍR©vwZK †¶‡Î Gi h‡_ó ¸iyZ¡ i‡q‡Q| wek¦e¨vcxQwo‡q _vKv gymwjg m¤úª`vq n‡Ri †gŠmy‡g we‡klfv‡e agx©q I ˆbwZK †PZbvq DÏxß n‡q I‡V| huvivn‡R hvb Zuv‡ì gb agx©q †PZbvq DÏxß _v‡K, Abyiƒcfv‡e huviv Zuv‡ì we`vq m¤¢vlY Rvbv‡Z Av‡m,Zuv‡ì g‡aÏ agx©©q †PZbvkw³ RvMÖZ nq| nvwRMY †h ¯’vb w`‡q Mgb K‡ib, Zuv‡ì ÔjveŸvBKÕ aŸwbï‡b †mLvbKvi A‡bK gvby‡li gbI n‡Ri cÖwZ AvMÖnx nq|

wewfbœ †`k n‡Z AvMZ nvwR‡ì kvixwiK AeKvVv‡gv, fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ wfbœ wKšÍy wgKv‡Zi (Bnivg euvavi¯’vb) Kv‡Q G‡m GKB ai‡bi Kvco cwiavb K‡i| mevi gy‡L GKB aŸwb cÖwZaŸwbZ K‡i AvKvk evZvm


gyLwiZ K‡i †Zv‡j| g°v I gw`bvq GKÎ n‡q GKB Bgv‡gi †cQ‡b bvgvh Av`vq K‡i| mg‡eZ gymwjgRbZv fvlv, RvwZ, †`k I †Mv‡Îi K…wÎg êlg¨ †f‡O w`‡q wek¦åvZ…Z¡ ¯’vc‡bi weivU my‡hvM cvq|gvby‡li g‡b mv‡gï aviYv Rb¥vq| n‡Ri GB gnvm‡¤§j‡b c„w_exi me †kÖwYi gvbylB G‡m mg‡eZ nq|mvs¯‹…wZK HwZ‡nï Av`vb-cÖ`vb N‡U| fve wewbgq nq| wek¦kvwšÍ ¯’vc‡b Ges RvwZmg~‡ni cvi¯úwiKØ›Ø, Kjn wgwU‡q fv‡jvevmv, eÜzZ¡ I åvZ…Z¡ ¯’vc‡bi we‡kl my‡hvM cvq| n‡Ri G wk¶v gvbemgv‡Rev¯ÍevwqZ n‡j, gvby‡li g‡a¨ SMov weev`, nvbvnvwb, gvivgvwi `~i n‡q ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ fv‡jvevmv,ggZ¡‡eva I mnbkxj `„wó fw½ I mv¤úª`vwqK m¤úªxwZ m„wó n‡e|

KvR : Ôwek¦åvZ…Z¡ M‡o DV‡Z n‡Ri mvgvwRK wk¶v ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L|Õ wk¶v_©xiv ‡j wef³ n‡q G wel‡qweZ‡K©i Av‡qvRb Ki‡e| wk¶K g‡nv`q wePvi‡Ki f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡eb|

Abykxjbg~jK cÖkœ


1. hvKvZ dih nIqvi kZ© -------|

2. hvKv‡Zi gvmvwid -------|

3. Bmjv‡gi ------- ¯Í‡¤¢i g‡a¨ mvjvZ Ab¨Zg|

4. n‡Ri A‡bK ------- i‡q‡Q|

5. Bnivg ------- kã|


evg cvk Wvb cvk

1. 9B whjnR Kzievwbi wèm

2. 10B whjnR Avivdvi wèm

3. AvwKKv Kiv DËg

4. mšÍvb R‡b¥i mßg w`‡b PviwU KvR Kiv gy¯Ívnve

5. AvwKKv mšÍvb R‡b¥i mßg w`‡b Kiv mybœvZ

mswÿß DËi cÖkœ

1. hvKv‡Zi msw¶ß aviYv eY©bv Ki?

2. n‡Ri IqvwRe KqwU I Kx Kx?

3. hvKvZ dih nIqvi kZ©¸‡jv Kx Kx?

Bev`Z 43

eY©bvg~jK cÖkœ

1. hvKv‡Zi ag©xq I ˆbwZK ¸iyZ¡ we‡kølY Ki|

2. mvg¨ I wek¦åvZ…Z¡ cÖwZôvq n‡Ri f‚wgKv eY©bv Ki|

3. ev¯Íe Rxe‡b AvZ¥Z¨vMx n‡Z Kzievwbi wk¶v eY©bv Ki|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1| ÔnRÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx ?

K) msKí Kiv L) whqviZ Kiv

M) ZvIqvd Kiv N) mvC Kiv|

2| nR I Dgivn ci ci Kivi gva¨‡g `~ixf~Z nq Ñ

i. `vwi`ª¨Zv

ii. Afve

iii. cvc

†KvbwU mwVK?

K) i I ii L) i I iii

M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

3| n‡Ri dih KqwU?

K) wZb L) Pvi

M) cuvP N) `k|

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 4 I 5 b¤i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI

dinv` mv‡ne GKRb eëmvqx| wZwb cÖwZ ighvb gv‡m m¤ú‡ì wnmve K‡ib Ges wbw`©ó cwigvY m¤ú`Mwie-`ytLx‡ì gv‡S weZiY K‡ib|

4| dinv` mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g kixq‡Zi †Kvb weavbwU Av`vq n‡q‡Q?

K) gy¯—vnve L) mybœvZ

M) IqvwRe N) dih|


5| dinv` mv‡n‡ei gvbwmKZvi d‡j wZwb ciKv‡j Kx cv‡eb?

K) cyi¯‹vi L) wbivcËv

M) wZi¯‹vi N) AwaKvi|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1. †bQvi mv‡ne eëmv K‡i cÖPzi m¤úwËi gvwjK n‡q‡Qb| wZwb `yB-GK eQi ciciB nReªZ cvjbK‡ib| wKšÍy wZwb Zvi Mwie fvB-†evb I mgv‡Ri `wi`ª-Amnvq †jvK‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK© iv‡Lb bv|G wb‡q mgv‡R Pj‡Q bvbv ai‡bi K_vevZ©v| Gme K_vevZ©v Zuvi PvPv Avãyj Kwi‡gi Kv‡b G‡j,wZwb †bQvi‡K ej‡jb, Ômgv‡R abx-Mwi‡ei êlg¨ fy‡j wM‡q mevi cÖwZ m`q nI|Õ

K. ÔBnivgÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?

L. ÔevqZzj-vni nR Avjø-vni cÖvc¨|Õ eywS‡q wj‡Lv|

M. †bQvi mv‡n‡ei Kvh©µ‡g Kvi Av‡`k h_vh_fv‡e cvjb nq wbÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. Avãyj Kwig mv‡n‡ei gvbwmKZv n‡Ri mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK `„wófw½‡Z g~j¨vqb Ki|

2. dvivwe mv‡ne GKRb ag©civqY e¨w³| GjvKvq GKwU gmwR` wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ RvqMvi cª‡qvRb n‡jv|mevB wg‡j GKwU PgrKvi RvqMv wbe©vPb Kij| RvqMvwU dvivwe mv‡n‡ei dmj Drcv`‡bi GKgvÎAej¤^b| wKšÍy mevB wg‡j Aby‡iva Kivq wZwb Zv gmwR‡ì Rb¨ wbt¯^v_©fv‡e w`‡Z m¤§Z nb|Zvi G Kv‡R Zvi eo fvB dvnv` mv‡ne AmšÍyó nb Ges D³ RvqMv w`‡Z cÖPÊfv‡e evav cÖ`vbK‡ib|

K. whjnR gv‡mi †Kvb Zvwi‡L Avivdvq Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z nq?

L. ÔZvIqv‡d Kz`ygÕ ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

M. dvivwe mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Bev`‡Zi †Kvb wk¶vwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. dvnv` mv‡n‡ei Kvh©µg nhiZ Beivwng I nhiZ BmgvCj (Av.)-Gi NUbvi Av‡jv‡K we‡k-lYKi|

Bev`Z 45

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq

KziAvb I nvw`m wk¶v

KziAvb I nvw`m Bmjvwg kwiq‡Zi cÖavb `ywU Drm| Bmjvwg kwiq‡Zi mKj wewa-weavb I wbqgc×wZ g~jZ G DrmØq †_‡KB M„nxZ| KziAvb gvwR` I nvw`m kwi‡d gvbe Rxe‡bi mKj mgm¨vi†gŠwjK bxwZgvjv eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gme g~jbxwZi Av‡jv‡KB Bmjv‡gi mKj wewa weavb cÖYxZn‡q‡Q| KziAvb I nvw`‡mi bxwZgvjvi evB‡i †Kv‡bv wKQy Bmjv‡g MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| myZivs Bmjvgm¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf Ki‡Z n‡j KziAvb gvwR` I nvw`m kwid m¤ú‡K© Ávb AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| G Aa¨v‡qAvgiv Avj-KziAvb I nvw`‡mi KwZcq welq m¤ú‡K© wk¶v jvf Kie|


�� Avj-KziAv‡bi cwiPq I wk¶v eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

�� ZvRwe‡`i wbqgvewj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

�� wbe©vwPZ cvuPwU myivi cUf~wg (kv‡b byhyj) eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

�� weï× D”Pvi‡Y KziAv‡bi cuvPwU myiv A_©mn gyL¯’ ej‡Z I g~j e³e¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

�� weï×fv‡e KziAvb cv‡V AvMÖnx n‡e|

�� AvqvZzj Kziwm I myiv nvk‡ii †kl wZb AvqvZ gyL¯’ ej‡Z Ges A_© wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

�� ˆbwZK I Av`k© Rxeb MV‡bi †¶‡Î cweÎ KziAv‡bi f~wgKv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

�� cÖv_©bvg~jK wZbwU nvw`m A_©mn eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

�� ˆbwZK wk¶vi †¶‡Î nvw`‡mi ¸iyZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

�� KziAvb I nvw`‡mi wk¶v Abyhvqx mvgvwRK I ˆbwZK Rxebhvc‡b DØy× n‡e|

cvV 1

KziAvb gvwR`

cwiPq

KziAvb kãwU Aviwe| GwU KviDb ( ) kãg~j †_‡K D™¢~Z| KviDb A_© cov ev cvV Kiv| AZGe,KziAvb k‡ãi A_© n‡jv cwVZ| Avj-KziAvb c„w_ex‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk cwVZ wKZve| cÖ‡Z¨K w`bB j¶-†KvwU gymjgvb G MÖš’ wZjvIqvZ K‡i _v‡K| Avgiv cuvP Iqv³ mvjv‡Z G MÖš’ †_‡K wewfbœ myiv IAvqvZ cvV K‡i _vwK| G Rb¨ G wKZv‡ei bvg ivLv n‡q‡Q Avj-KziAvb|

Bmjvwg cwifvlvq, Avjøvn ZvAvjv gvbeRvwZi †n`vqv‡Zi Rb¨ nhiZ wReivBj (Av.)-Gi gva¨‡ggnvbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi Ici †h wKZve bvwhj K‡i‡Qb Zv‡KB Avj-KziAvb ejv nq| GwUme©‡kl I me©‡kªô Avmgvwb wKZve| me©Kv‡ji mKj gvby‡li Rb¨ G wKZve †n`vqv‡Zi Drm|

Avj-KziAvb ÔjvI‡n gvndz‡hÕ ev msiw¶Z dj‡K wjwce×| GwU cÖ_‡g K`‡ii iv‡Z cÖ_g Avmgv‡biÔevqZzj Bh&hvnÕ bvgK ¯’v‡b GK mv‡_ bvwhj Kiv nq| Gici †mLvb †_‡K Avj-KziAvb Avgv‡ìwcÖqbwe (m.)-Gi Ici bvwhj Kiv nq| gnvbwe (m.)-Gi 40 eQi eq‡m †niv ¸nvq a¨vbgMœ _vKvKv‡jme©cÖ_g myiv Avjv‡Ki 5wU AvqvZ AeZxY© nq| Zvici ivmyjyjøvn (m.)-Gi RxeÏkvq cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡iAí Aí K‡i bvwhj Kiv nq| Gfv‡e 23 eQ‡i LÊ LÊ AvKv‡i cy‡iv KziAvb bvwhj nq|

Avj-KziAv‡bi myivmg~n `yBfv‡M wef³| h_v- gvw° I gv`vwb| gnvbwe (m.) Avjøvni wb‡`©‡k beyq‡ZiÎ‡qv`k e‡l© g°v †_‡K gw`bvq wnRiZ K‡ib| bwe Kvwig (m.)-Gi G wnRi‡Zi c~‡e© bvwhj nIqvmyivmg~n gvw° myiv wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| G myivmg~‡n mvaviYZ AvKvB` msµvšÍ welqmg~n eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|†hgb- ZvIwn`, wimvjvZ, AvwLivZ, †e‡nkZ-†`vhL, wKqvgZ BZ¨vw` n‡jv gvw° myiv¸‡jvi welqe¯‘|Ab¨w`‡K gnvbwe (m.)-Gi gw`bvq wnRi‡Zi ci bvwhjK…Z myivmg~n‡K gv`vwb myiv ejv nq| Gmyivmg~‡n mvjvZ, hvKvZ, mvIg, nR, wRnv`, nvjvj-nvivg, gvbweK I ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva m¤úwK©Z wewa-weavb eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Avj-KziAv‡bi †ek wKQz bvg i‡q‡Q| Avj-KziAv‡bi wewfbœ êwk‡óï Av‡jv‡K G bvgmg~n ivLvn‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv Avj-KziAv‡bi we‡kl gh©v`v I êwk‡óï cwiPq enb K‡i| wb‡gœ Gi KwZcq bvgD‡jøL Kiv n‡jv-

K. Avj-dziKvb (cv_©K¨Kvix) : Avj-KziAvb mZ¨-wg_¨v, b¨vq-Ab¨v‡qi cv_©K¨Kvix| G Rb¨ G‡KAvj-dziKvb ejv nq|

L. Avj-û`v (†n`vqvZ, c_cÖ`k©b) : KziAvb gvwR‡ì gva¨‡g b¨vq I m‡Zï w`‡K c_ cÖ`k©b Kiv nqe‡j G‡K Avj-û`v bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

M. Avi ivngvn (ingZ, `qv, KiyYv) : cweÎ KziAvb wek¦evmxi Rb¨ ingZ I KiyYv¯iƒc| ZvB G‡Kivngvn ejv n‡q‡Q|

N. Avh-whKi (Dc‡`k, Av‡jvPbv) : KziAvb gvwR‡` eû NUbvi Av‡jvPbv I eû Dc‡`k i‡q‡Q| ZvBG‡K whKi bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

O. Avb-byi (†R¨vwZ, Av‡jv) : cweÎ KziAv‡bi gva¨‡g nvjvj-nviv‡gi inm¨ D™¢vwmZ nq, ZvB G‡KÔbyiÕ ejv nq|

KziAvb gvwR` 30wU (wÎkwU) fv‡M wef³| Gi cÖwZwU fvM‡K GK GKwU cviv ejv nq| Gi myiv msL¨v†gvU 114wU| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 86wU myiv gvw° Ges 28wU myiv gv`vwb| Avj-KziAv‡b me©‡gvU 7wU gbwhj,554wU iyKz I 14wU wmR`vi AvqvZ i‡q‡Q| Gi AvqvZ msL¨v me©‡gvU 6236wU, gZvšÍ‡i 6666wU|

KziAvb I nvw`m wkÿv 47

Avj-KziAv‡bi ¸iyZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZvAvj-KziAvb AZ¨šÍ ¸iyZ¡c~Y© gnvMÖš’| Avj-KziAvb Avgv‡ì Avjøvn ZvAvjvi cwiPq `vb K‡i| AvgivAvjøvn ZvAvjv‡K wPbZvg bv| Zuvi ¶gZv I ¸Yvewj m¤ú‡K© RvbZvg bv| Avjøvn ZvAvjv AbyMÖn K‡iAvgv‡ì wcÖqbwe (m.)-Gi Ici KziAvb gvwR` bvwhj K‡ib| gnvbwe (m.) Avgv‡ì Avj-KziAvb wk¶v†`b| d‡j Avgiv Avjøvn ZvAvjvi cwiPq jvf Kwi| Zuvi Av‡`k-wb‡la Rvb‡Z cvwi| Kx KvR Ki‡jwZwb Lywk nb Avi †Kvb KvR Ki‡j wZwb AmšÍyó nb Zv-I Rvb‡Z cvwi| Avj-KziAvb bv _vK‡j G¸‡jvm¤¢e n‡Zv bv| AZGe †evSv †Mj †h, gvbe Rxe‡b Avj-KziAv‡bi ¸iyZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg|

Avj-KziAvb gvbe RvwZi †n`vqv‡Zi cÖavb Drm| †Kvb c‡_ Pj‡j gvbyl `ywbqv I AvwLiv‡Z Kj¨vY jvfKi‡e Avj-KziAvb Zv Avgv‡ì †`wL‡q †`q| cvc-cyY¨, b¨vq-Ab¨vq, fv‡jv-g›` BZ¨vwì cwiPq `vbK‡i| Avj-KziAv‡bi wb‡`©kbvg‡Zv P‡j Avgiv Kj¨vY jvf Ki‡Z cvwi| AvwLiv‡Z Avj-KziAvb ev›`viRb¨ mycvwik Ki‡e| `ywbqv‡Z †h e¨w³ Avj-KziAv‡bi wb‡`©k †g‡b Pj‡e †m n‡e gnv‡mŠfvM¨kvjx| †mcv‡e wPikvwšÍi RvbœvZ| Avi †h KziAvb gvwR‡ì Av‡`k wb‡la gvb‡e bv Zvi ¯’vb n‡e hš¿Yv`vqKRvnvbœv‡g|

Avj-KziAvb Avgv‡ì ˆbwZK I gvbweK Av`k© wk¶v †`q| Avj-KziAvb AbymiY K‡i Avgiv DËgPwiÎevb I Av`k© gvbyl wn‡m‡e M‡o DV‡Z cvwi| d‡j mgv‡R kvwšÍ I k„•Ljv cÖwZwôZ n‡e| Ab¨vq,AZ¨vPvi, `ybx©wZ BZ¨vw` `~ixf~Z n‡e|

KziAvb gvwR` me©‡kl I me©‡kªô Avmgvwb wKZve| GwU †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó GjvKv ev wbw`©ó RvwZi Rb¨bvwhj nq wb| eis GwU me©Rbxb I me©Kvjxb gnvMÖš’| wKqvgZ ch©šÍ hZ gvbyl Avm‡e mK‡jiwn`vqv‡Zi Rb¨ G KziAvb bvwhj n‡q‡Q|

Avj-KziAv‡bi wk¶vKziAvb gvwR` Ávb-weÁv‡bi Drm| GwU hveZxq Áv‡bi fvÊvi| GQvov gvby‡li Rxe‡b †hme mgm¨viD™¢e n‡q _v‡K Zvi mgvav‡bi e¨vcv‡i G‡Z Bw½Z i‡q‡Q| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb-

A_© : ÒAvwg G wKZv‡e †Kv‡bv wKQzB ev` †`B wb|Ó (myiv Avj-AvbAvg, AvqvZ 38)

Avj-KziAv‡bi mKj Ávb I wk¶vB my¯úó| msw¶ß I cÖvgvY¨| G‡Z D‡jøwLZ mKj cÖKvi Av‡`k-wb‡la I wewa-weavb mgMÖ we‡k¦i mKj gvby‡li Rb¨ MÖnY‡hvM¨, hy‡Mvc‡hvMx I hyw³msMZ| G wKZv‡e†Kv‡bviƒc m‡›`‡ni AeKvk †bB| GwU mKj cÖKvi fyj-ÎywUi D‡aŸ©| Avj-KziAv‡bi cÖ_‡gB AvjøvnZvAvjv e‡j‡Qb-

A_© : ÒGwU †mB wKZve, hv‡Z m‡›`‡ni †Kv‡bv AeKvk †bB|Ó (myiv Avj-evKviv, AvqvZ 2)


Avj-KziAvb Bmjvwg kwiqvnÕi cÖavb Drm| gvby‡li e¨w³MZ, mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK Rxeb†Kgb n‡e Zv G wKZv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| gvbyl Kxfv‡e Bev`Z Ki‡e, Kxfv‡e PwiÎ MVb Ki‡e ZvI GwKZv‡e D‡jøL i‡q‡Q|

cÖL¨vZ Bmjvwg wPšÍvwe` nhiZ kvn Iqvwj Djøvn (i.)-Gi g‡Z, Avj-KziAv‡b eû Áv‡bi K_v eY©bvKiv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv †gvU cuvPfv‡M wef³| h_v-

1. Bjgyj AvnKvg ev wewa-weavb m¤úwK©Z Ávb|

2. Bjgyj gyLvmvgv ev weZK© we`¨v|

3. BjgyZ ZvhwKi we Avjv Bjøvn ev Avjøvn ZvAvjvi AbyMÖn I wb`k©b m¤úwK©Z Ávb|

4. BjgyZ ZvhwKi we AvBqvwgjøvn ev Avjøvn ZvAvjvi m„wóRM‡Zi Ae¯’v, Zuvi cÖ`Ë cyi¯‹vi I kvw¯ÍmsµvšÍ Ávb|

5. BjgyZ ZvhwKi wej gvDZ Iqvgv ev`vj gvDZ ev g„Zz¨ I ciKvj m¤úwK©Z Ávb|

cÖK…Zc‡¶ Avj-KziAvb gvbeRvwZi gnvgyw³i mb`| GwU gvbyl‡K Av‡jvi w`‡K cwiPvjbv K‡i| kvwšÍI Kj¨v‡Yi c_ †`Lvq| myZivs Avgiv Avj-KziAvb coe| Gi A_© Rvbe Ges Z`byhvqx Avgj Kie|Avj-KziAv‡bi Ávb wk¶v K‡i Avjøvn ZvAvjvi mšÍywó AR©b Kie|

KvR : G cvV c‡o KziAvb gvwR‡ì wk¶v m¤ú‡K© wk¶v_x© hv Rvb‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zv Zvi cv‡ki eÜz‡Kej‡e|

cvV 2

ZvRwe` ( )

KziAvb gvwR` wZjvIqv‡Z A‡bK mvIqve cvIqv hvq| GwU me©‡kªô bdj Bev`Z| Gi Øviv ev›`v weivUm¤§vb I gh©v`vi AwaKvix nq| ïay wZjvIqvZKvixB bq eis wZjvIqvZKvixi gvZvwcZvI G‡Z m¤§vwbZnb| nvw`‡m G‡m‡QÑ†h e¨w³ KziAvb cvV K‡i Ges Z`byhvqx Avgj K‡i, wKqvg‡Zi w`b ZviwcZvgvZv‡K gyKzU civ‡bv n‡e| G gyKz‡Ui J¾¡j¨ m~‡h©i Av‡jvi †P‡qI †ewk n‡e| Ab¨ GKwU nvw`‡mivmyjyjøvn (m.) e‡j‡Qb, Ô†Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ H e¨w³B DËg †h KziAvb †k‡L Ges Aci‡KI wk¶v †`q|Õ(eyLvwi)

wZwb AviI e‡j‡Qb, Ò†Zvgiv KziAvb wZjvIqvZ Ki| †Kbbv wKqvg‡Zi w`b Zv wbR cvVKvix‡ì Rb¨mycvwik Ki‡e|Ó (gymwjg)


AZGe †evSv †Mj KziAvb wZjvIqvZ AZ¨šÍ dwhjZc~Y© Avgj| Avgiv †ewk †ewk wbqwgZ KziAvb coeGes Ab¨‡KI KziAvb co‡Z DrmvwnZ Kie|

ZvRwe‡ì ¸iyZ¡mwnn ï×fv‡e KziAvb cv‡Vi ixwZ‡K ZvRwe` e‡j| Avj-KziAvb wZjvIqv‡Zi dwhjZ jv‡fi Rb¨mwnn-ï×fv‡e KziAvb co‡Z n‡e| Avi G Rb¨ ZvRwe‡ì Ávb AR©b Kiv AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRb| ZvRweÀbymv‡i KziAvb wZjvIqvZ Kiv IqvwRe| ZvRwe` Abymv‡i KziAvb bv co‡j cvVKvix ¸bvnMvi n‡eGes Zvi bvgvh ï× n‡e bv| ZvRwe` Abyhvqx KziAvb cov m¤ú‡K© Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb,

A_© : ÒAvcwb ax‡i ax‡i I my¯úófv‡e KziAvb wZjvIqvZ Kiyb |Ó (myiv Avj-gyh&hvw¤§j, AvqvZ 4)

GKwU nvw`‡m ivmyjyjøvn (m.) e‡jb, ÒBj‡g KziAv‡b cvi`kx© e¨w³ Hme †d‡ikZvi `jfy³, hviv†bKKvi I Avjøvni ûKz‡g †jLvi Kv‡R e¨¯Í| Avi †h e¨w³ KóKi nIqv m‡Ë¡I evievi †Póv K‡iKziAvb wZjvIqvZ K‡i, †m wØ¸Y mvIqve jvf Ki‡e|Ó (eyLvwi I gymwjg)

myZivs Avgiv wbqwgZ ZvRwe`mn KziAvb wZjvIqvZ Kie| hw` KziAvb wZjvIqvZ Ki‡Z Kó nq Zeyco‡Z †Póv Kie| †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB KziAvb wZjvIqvZ Z¨vM Kie bv| Avi ZvRwe` wk¶v Kie|G‡Z Avgiv weivU m¤§vb I gh©v`vi AwaKvix n‡Z cvie|

cvV 3

byb mvwKb I Zvbwe‡bi eY©bv

byb mvwKb : Rhghy³ byb‡K byb mvwKb ejv nq| A_©vr †h by‡bi Ici Rhg (-) _v‡K Zv‡K byb

mvwKb e‡j| †hgb-

Zvbweb : `yB hei (-), `yB †hi (-) I `yB †ck‡K (-) Zvbweb ejv nq| Zvbwe‡big‡a¨ GKwU Rhg hy³ byb Dn¨ Ae¯’vq _v‡K| D”Pvi‡Yi mgq Zv cÖKvk cvq| †hgb- - GiD”PviY n‡e -Gi g‡Zv| A_©vr (jvg) ni‡di Zvbwe‡bi e`‡j -Gi Ici †ck I bybmvwKbcov nq|

byb mvwKb I Zvbwe‡bi ûKzgbyb mvwKb I Zvbwe‡bi D”PviY GKB iKg| GRb¨ G `ywUi eY©bv ZvRwe`kv‡¯¿ GKmv‡_ Kiv nq|ZvRwe‡` bybmvwKb I Zvbwe‡bi ûKzg PviwU| A_©vr PviwU wbq‡g bybmvwKb I Zvbweb‡K co‡Z nq|


G¸‡jv n‡jv-

1. B`Mvg ( )

2. BLdv ( )

3. Bhnvi ( )

4. Kvje ( )

wb‡gœ Avgiv G¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Rvbe|

B`MvgB`Mvg k‡ãi A_© wgwj‡q cov, GK wRwbm‡K Ab¨ wRwb‡mi mv‡_ †gjv‡bv| GK nid‡K Ab¨ ni‡dimv‡_ wgwj‡q mwÜ K‡i cov|

cwifvlvq bybmvwKb ev Zvbwe‡bi ci B`Mv‡gi QqwU nid †_‡K †Kv‡bv GKwU nid _vK‡j byb mvwKbev Zvbwe‡bi mv‡_ H nid‡K mwÜ K‡i wgwj‡q cov‡K B`Mvg ejv nq|

B`Mv‡gi d‡j Dfq nid GKB mg‡q D”PvwiZ nq| B`Mv‡gi d‡j byb mvwKb ev Zvbwe‡bi cieZx©nidwU Zvkw`` (-) hy³ nq| †hgb-

B`Mv‡gi nid †gvU QqwU| h_v-

G¸‡jv‡K GK‡Î ejv nq| B`Mvg †gvU `yB cÖKvi| h_v :

K. ¸bœvnmn B`Mvg

L. ¸bœvn Qvov B`Mvg

K. ¸bœvnmn B`Mvg : bybmvwKb ev Zvbwe‡bi ci GB PviwU ni‡di †h‡Kv‡bv GKwUAvm‡j bybmvwKb ev Zvbweb‡K H ni‡di mv‡_ wgwj‡q GK Avwjd mgq cwigvY ¸bœvn K‡i co‡Znq| G‡K ¸bœvnmn B`Mvg e‡j| Gi Aci bvg B`Mv‡g bvwKm| †hgb- GLv‡b

byb mvwKb I Zvbweb Gi ci Bqv ( ) Ges (byb) nid Avmvq bybmvwKb I Zvbweb‡KBqv I byb Gi mv‡_ wgwj‡q GK Avwjd mgq cwigvY ¸bœvn K‡i co‡Z nq|

L. ¸bœvn Qvov B`Mvg : byb mvwKb ev Zvbwe‡bi ci - (iv, jvg) G `ywU ni‡di †Kv‡bv GKwUnid Avm‡j byb mvwKb ev Zvbweb‡K ¸bœvn bv K‡i H ni‡di mv‡_ wgwj‡q co‡Z nq| G‡K ¸bœvnQvov B`Mvg e‡j| Gi Ab¨ bvg B`Mv‡g Kvwgj| †hgb :

Ic‡ii D`vniY `ywU‡Z byb mvwKb I Zvbwe‡bi c‡i (iv) Ges (jvg) nid G‡m‡Q| d‡jbyb mvwKb I Zvbweb‡K G‡`i mv‡_ wgwj‡q co‡Z n‡e| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î ¸bœvn Kiv hv‡e bv|


e¨wZµg : B`Mv‡gi wbq‡g Avgiv wKQz e¨wZµg †`L‡Z cvB| †hgb-

G kãmg~‡n bybmvwK‡bi ci Bqv Ges (IqvI) nid G‡m‡Q| wKšÍy GLv‡b B`Mv‡gi wbq‡gbybmvwKb‡K cieZx© ni‡di mv‡_ wgwj‡q Zvkw``mn cov nq bv| Gi KviY n‡jv- B`Mv‡gi D‡Ïk¨n‡jv k‡ãi D”PviY‡K mnR Kiv| Gme k‡ã wgwj‡q co‡j D”PviY KwVb n‡q hvq| GRb¨ Gkã¸‡jv‡Z B`Mvg nq bv|

BLdv ( )BLdv A_© †Mvcb K‡i cov| BLdvi nid 15wU| h_v-

bybmvwKb ev Zvbwe‡bi ci BLdvi nid †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU nid G‡j D³ bybmvwKb ev Zvbweb‡KP›`ªwe›`y D”PviY Kivi g‡Zv bvwmKv ms‡hv‡M †Mvcb K‡i GK Avwjd mgq cwigvY `xN© K‡i cov‡KBLdv e‡j|

bybmvwK‡bi g‡a¨ BLdvi D`vniY :

Zvbwe‡bi g‡a¨ BLdvi D`vniY :

Bhnvi ( )Bhnvi k‡ãi A_© ¯úó K‡i cov, cÖKvk K‡i †Ìqv BZ¨vw`| ZvRwe‡ì cwifvlvq byb mvwKb evZvbwe‡bi ci Bhnv‡ii †Kv‡bv GKwU nid Avm‡j H byb mvwKb ev Zvbweb‡K ¸bœvn bv K‡i ¯úófv‡ewbR gvLivR †_‡K cov‡K Bhnvi e‡j|

Bhnv‡ii nid †gvU QqwU| h_v-

G nid¸‡jv‡K ni‡d nvjwK ejv nq|

D`vniY

Kvje ev BKjve

Kvje ev BKjve A_© cwieZ©b K‡i cov| ZvRwe‡ì cwifvlvq bybmvwKb ev Zvbwe‡bi ci (ev)nid Avm‡j H bybmvwKb ev Zvbweb‡K wgg Øviv cwieZ©b K‡i GK Avwjd cwigvY ¸bœvnmncov‡K Kvje ev BKjve e‡j|

BKjv‡ei nid gvÎ GKwU | GwU n‡jv- (ev)| D`vniY:


D‡jøL¨, KziAvb gvwR‡` BKjv‡ei Ae¯’vq byb mvwKb ev Zvbwe‡bi cv‡k †QvU K‡i wgg nidwU D‡jøL_v‡K|

KvR : wk¶v_x©iv byb mvwKb I Zvbwe‡bi wbqg PviwU wj‡L GKwU PvU© ‰Zwi Ki‡e Ges †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e

cvV 4

wggmvwK‡bi eY©bv

wggmvwKb : Rhghy³ wgg ( ) †K wggmvwKb e‡j| A_©vr wgg ni‡di Ici Rhg (-) _vK‡jZv‡K wgg mvwKb ejv nq| †hgb-

wgg mvwKb covi wbqg wZbwU: h_v-

K. Bhnvi ( )

L. B`Mvg ( )

M. BLdv ( )

Bhnvi

Bhnvi A_© ¯úó K‡i cov| wgg mvwK‡bi ci (ev) Ges (wgg) Qvov Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv nid Avm‡jH wgg mvwKb‡K ¯úó K‡i ¸bœvn e¨ZxZ wbR gvLivR †_‡K cov‡K wgg mvwK‡bi Bhnvi ejv nq| h_v-

B`MvgB`Mvg A_© wgwj‡q cov| Rhghy³ wgg-Gi ci niKZ hy³ wgg G‡j Dfq wgg‡K GKmv‡_ wgwj‡q GKAvwjd cwigvY ¸bœvn K‡i cov‡K B`Mvg e‡j| G‡¶‡Î wØZxq wg‡gi Ici Zvkw`` hy³ nq|

†hgb-

BLdvBLdv A_© †Mvcb K‡i cov| wgg mvwK‡bi ci (ev) Avm‡j H wgg mvwKb‡K GK Avwjd mgqcwigvY ¸bœvn K‡i co‡Z nq| G‡K wgg mvwK‡bi BLdv e‡j| h_v-

KvRv : wgg mvwKb covi wbqg wZbwU wkÿv_x© LvZvq wj‡L wkÿK‡K †`Lv‡e|


cvV 5

bvwhiv wZjvIqvZ

bvwhiv wZjvIqvZ n‡jv †`‡L †`‡L KziAvb gvwR` wZjvIqvZ Kiv| bvwhiv wZjvIqv‡Zi dwhjZ A‡bK|

KziAvb gvwR` wZjvIqv‡Zi dwhj‡Zi eY©bv Avgiv †R‡bwQ| AZGe Avgiv wbqwgZ KziAvb wZjvIqvZ

Kie Ges Gi c~Y© dwhjZ jvf Ki‡Z †Póv Kie|

KziAvb wZjvIqv‡Zi Avè

KziAvb gvwR` Avjøvn ZvAvjvi evYx| Avjøvn ZvAvjv †hgb gnvb †Zgwb Zuvi cweÎ KvjvgI gnvb| Avjøvni

Kvjv‡gi gh©v`v Ab¨ me Kvjv‡gi †P‡q GZ †ewk, †hgb AvjøvnZvAvjvi gh©v`v mg¯Í m„wóRM‡Zi †P‡q†ewk| AZGe, m‡e©v”P m¤§vb I Av`‡ei mv‡_ cweÎ KziAvb wZjvIqvZ Ki‡Z n‡e| cweÎ KziAvbwZjvIqv‡Zi KwZcq Avè wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv :

K. c~Y©i~‡c Ihy K‡i cvK-cweÎ ¯’v‡b emv|

L. †KejvgyLx n‡q bvgv‡hi Ae¯’vi g‡Zv emv|

M. wZjvIqv‡Zi Av‡M K‡qK evi `yi~` kwid cov|

N. AvDhywejøvn I wemwgjøvn e‡j wZjvIqvZ ïiy Kiv|

O. wndh ev gyL¯’ Kivi wbqZ bv _vK‡j ax‡i w¯’‡i ZvRwe‡ì mv‡_ wZjvIqvZ Kiv|

P. m¶g n‡j A_© ey‡S wZjvIqvZ Kiv|

Q. A_© ey‡S bv Avm‡j KziAvb gvwR‡ì cÖwZ fv‡jvfv‡e g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv|

R. my›ì my‡i wZjvIqvZ Kiv|

S. wZjvIqv‡Zi mgq †Kv‡bviƒc K_vevZv©, nvwm-VvÆv bv Kiv|

T. Avjøvn ZvAvjvi mšÍywó jv‡fi Rb¨ wZjvIqvZ Kiv|

U. wZjvIqvZ †k‡l Lye m¤§vb I Zvwh‡gi mv‡_ KziAvb gvwR`‡K cweÎ DuPz¯’v‡b †i‡L †Ìqv|

Avgiv Av`‡ei mv‡_ wbqwgZ KziAvb coe| cweÎ KziAv‡bi cÖwZ †hb †Kv‡bviƒc †eqvèx bv nq †mw`‡K

we‡klfv‡e j¶ ivLe|


KvR :

G †kªwY‡Z bvwhiv wZjvIqv‡Zi cvV n‡jv- myiv evKvivi 9g iyKz †_‡K 12Zg iyKz ch©šÍ|

wk¶K cÖ_‡g †`‡L †`‡L ZvRwe`mn G AvqvZ¸‡jv wZjvIqvZ Kiv‡eb| G mgq wk¶v_x©ivg‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i kyb‡e| †Kv‡bv K_v ej‡e bv, †Kv‡bviƒc nvwm-Zvgvmv, nÆ‡Mvj Ki‡e bv|

Gici wk¶v_©xiv G‡KKRb K‡i wZjvIqvZ Ki‡e| wk¶K Zv kyb‡eb| Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv fyj n‡j Zvms‡kvab K‡i †`‡eb| wk¶‡Ki wb‡`©kbvg‡Zv wk¶v_x©iv wb‡R‡ì fyj¸‡jv ms‡kvab K‡i †b‡e|

AZtci wk¶v_x©iv cÖ‡Z¨‡K cybivq wZjvIqvZ Ki‡e Ges wk¶K kyb‡eb| ï× bv nIqv ch©šÍwk¶K wk¶v †`‡eb| Gfv‡e wk¶v_x©iv ZvRwe`mn ï×iƒ‡c KziAvb wZjvIqvZ Ki‡Z wkL‡e|Gici evwo‡Z wbqwgZ wZjvIqv‡Z Af¨¯Í n‡e|

A_© I cUf~wgmn KziAv‡bi KwZcq myiv

cvV 6

myiv Avj-Kvì ( )

myiv Avj-Kvì Avj-KziAv‡bi AZ¨šÍ gh©v`vm¤úbœ myiv| GwU g°v bMix‡Z AeZxY© nq| Gi AvqvZmsL¨v cuvPwU| myiv Avj-Kvì KziAvb gvwR‡ì 97Zg myiv| G myivq ÔjvBjvZzj KvìÕ-Gi dwhjZ

eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G myivq jvBjvZzj Kvì kãwU †gvU wZbevi G‡m‡Q| Gi Kvì kã †_‡K G myivi

bvg ivLv nq myiv Avj-Kvì|

kv‡b byhyj

GK`v ivmyjyjøvn& (m.) ewb BmivB‡ji Ggb GKRb †jvK m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv KiwQ‡jb whwb mg¯Í ivZBev`‡Z wjß _vK‡Zb Ges mvivw`b wRnv` Ki‡Zb| Gfv‡e GK nvRvi gvm hver Aweivg Avjøvn

ZvAvjvi Bev`‡Z gMœ _v‡Kb| G weeiY ï‡b mvnvweMY we¯§q cÖKvk Ki‡jb| AZtci wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ Gwb‡q Avd‡mvm Ki‡Z jvM‡jb|

mvnvweMY fve‡jbÑ Avgiv GK nvRvi gvm Bev`Z Kivi my‡hvM cve bv| A_P c~e©eZx©MY eû eQi †eu‡P_vK‡Zb| †ewkw`b Bev`Z Kivi my‡hvM †c‡Zb| d‡j Avgiv Bev`‡Zi mIqv‡e †Kv‡bvw`b Zv‡ì mgvb

n‡Z cvie bv| mvnvweM‡Yi Avd‡mv‡mi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Avjøvn ZvAvjv G myiv bvwhj K‡ib| G‡Z wZwb

Rvwb‡q †`b †h, jvBjvZzj K`‡ii GK iv‡Zi Bev`Z nvRvi gvm Bev`Z Kivi †P‡qI DËg|


kãv_©

- Avwg AeZxY© K‡iwQ, bvwhj - AeZxY© nq, bvwhj nq,K‡iwQ AeZiY K‡i|

- ivZ, iRbx - †d‡ikZvMY

- cwigvY, fvM¨, gh©v`v, gwngv - AvZ¥v, wReivBj (Av.)Gi Aci bvg iyûj Kz`ymev cweÎ AvZ¥v

- gwngvwšZ ivZ - AbygwZ, Aby‡gv`b

- Kx, hv - ch©šÍ, hZ¶Y bv

- fv‡jv, DËg - kvwšÍ

- nvRvi, mnmª - Avwef©ve, D`q

- gvm - cÖfvZ, dR‡ii mgq, Elv|

Abyev`

`qvgq, cig `qvjy Avjøvni bv‡g|

1. wbðqB Avwg GwU (Avj-KziAvb) AeZxY© K‡iwQ gwngvwšZ iv‡Z|

2. Avi Avcwb wK Rv‡bb G gwngvwš^Z ivZwU Kx?

3. gwngvwšZ ivZ nvRvi gvm A‡c¶v DËg|

4. †m iv‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †d‡ikZvMY I iyn (wReivBj †d‡ikZv) Zv‡`i cÖwZcvj‡KiAbygwZµ‡g AeZxY© nq|

5. †m iv‡Zi Dlv D`q nIqv ch©šÍ kvwšÍB kvwšÍ (weivR K‡i)|


e¨vL¨vjvBjvZzj Kvì ev Kv`‡ii ivZ AZ¨šÍ gh©v`vevb I gwngvwšZ ivZ| Avjøvn ZvAvjv G iv‡ZB cweÎKziAvb bvwhj K‡ib| G iv‡Zi Bev`Z nvRvi gvm GKvav‡i Bev`Z Kivi PvB‡Z DËg| GK nvRvi gvm83 eQi 4 gv‡mi mgvb| Avgv‡ì Avqy®‹vj LyeB mxwgZ| G Ae¯’vq G iv‡Z Bev`Z Ki‡j Avgv‡ì†bwKi cwigvY A‡bK †e‡o hvq| GwU Avjøvn ZvAvjvi we‡kl wbqvgZ ¯îƒc| G iv‡Z Avjøvn ZvAvjv†d‡ikZv‡ì‡K ingZ, eiKZ I kvwšÍi mIMvZ w`‡q †cÖiY K‡ib| G iv‡Zi ïiy †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ myL-kvwšÍ I ingZ weivR Ki‡Z _v‡K|

wk¶v : G myiv †_‡K Avgiv wb‡gœv³ wk¶v cvB:

�� jvBjvZzj Kì AZ¨šÍ gwngvwšZ ivZ|

�� G iv‡Zi Bev`Z nvRvi gv‡mi Bev`Z A‡c¶v DËg|

�� G iv‡Z †d‡ikZvMY kvwšÍ I Kj¨vY wb‡q `ywbqvq †b‡g Av‡mb|

�� G iv‡Z mviv¶Y kvwšÍ I ingZ ewl©Z nq|

Avgiv h_vh_fv‡e jvBjvZzj Kvì D`hvcb Kie| †ewk †ewk bdj Bev`Z e‡›`wM Kie| G iv‡Zimvgvb¨ mgqI Avgiv Bev`Z bv K‡i KvUve bv| Zvn‡j Avgiv nvRvi gv‡mi Bev`Z A‡c¶v †ewk mIqvejvf Kie| Avjøvn ZvAvjv Avgv‡ì Rxe‡b kvwšÍ I Kj¨vY `vb Kiyb|

KvR : wk¶v_x©iv G myivi kv‡b byhyj co‡e Ges Zv Zv‡ì LvZvq wj‡L wk¶K‡K †`Lv‡e|

cvV 7

myiv Avj-evwq¨bvn ( )

myiv Avj-evwq¨bvn Avj-KziAv‡bi 98Zg myiv| GwU cweÎ gw`bv bMix‡Z bvwhj nq| Gi AvqvZ msL¨vAvUwU| G myivi cÖ_g Avqv‡Z DwjøwLZ evwq¨bvn kã †_‡K G myivi bvgKiY Kiv nq|

kv‡b byhyjivmyjyjøvn (m.)-Gi mg‡q gw`bvq Bqvûw`, wLª÷vb, †cŠËwjK cÖf„wZ m¤cÖ`vq emevm KiZ| G‡ì g‡a¨Bqvûw` I wLª÷vbMY Zv‡ì wKZv‡ei gva¨‡g gnvbwe (m.)-Gi AvMgb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z †c‡iwQj| Gmgq Zviv ejZ †h, †kl bwe AvMgb Ki‡j Avgiv Aek¨B Zuvi cÖwZ Bgvb Avbe| wKšÍy bwe Kvwig (m.)-Gi Avwef©v‡ei ci Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB Bgvb Avbj bv| GgbwK gnvbwe (m.) g°v †_‡K gw`bvq wnRiZK‡i Avmvi ciI Zviv Bmjvg MÖnY Kij bv| eis Zv‡ì g‡a¨ gywó‡gq K‡qKRb Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib|Zv‡ì c~e©vci GB Ae¯’v eY©bv K‡i Avjøvn ZvAvjv G myiv bvwhj K‡ib|


kãv_©

- my¯úó cÖgvY, AKvU¨ `wjj - mij, weï× wPË, hvivmKj †`vl †_‡K gy³

- wKZvweMY, Bqvûw` I - nvwbd, GKwbô, hvivwLª÷vb‡ì Avn‡j wKZve mwVK c‡_i Abymvix

ejv nq|

- Zviv Kzdzwi K‡i‡Q, Zviv - ag©, Rxeb weavbA¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q

- gykwiKiv - wPi¯’vqx, ¯’vqxfv‡eAe¯’vbKvix

- hviv wew”Qbœ _v‡K, c„_K - wbK…ó, Lvivc_v‡K, weiZ _v‡K|

- mwndv, cweÎ MÖš’, Avmgvwb - m„wó†QvU wKZve

- cweÎ - DËg, fv‡jv, †kªô

- wKZve, wewa - weavb- fq K‡i

- wef³ n‡jv, c„_K n‡jv - cÖevwnZ nq

- e¨ZxZ, Qvov - bnimg~n, b`xmg~n

- c‡i - mšÍyó n‡q‡Qb, mšÍyó

Abyev`


1. wKZvwe‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Kzdwi K‡iwQj Zviv I gykwiKiv Zv‡ì wbKU my¯úó cÖgvY bv Avmv ch©šÍwbR g‡Z AwePj wQj|


2. Avjøvni c¶ †_‡K GKRb ivmyj cweÎ MÖš’ wZjvIqvZ K‡ib|

3. hv‡Z (†m mwndvq) i‡q‡Q mwVK weavb|

4. hv‡ì wKZve †`qv n‡qwQj Zviv †Zv Zv‡ì wbKU my¯úó wKZve Avmvi ciB wef³ n‡jv|

5. Zviv †Zv Avw`ó n‡qwQj Avjøvni AvbyM‡Z¨ weï×wPË n‡q GKwbôfv‡e Zuvi Bev`Z Ki‡Z, mvjvZKv‡qg Ki‡Z I hvKvZ w`‡Z| Avi GUvB †Zv mwVK `xb|

6. wbðqB wKZvwe‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Kzdwi K‡i Zviv I gykwiKiv Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸‡b ¯’vqxfv‡e Ae¯’vbKi‡e| ZvivB m„wói Aag|

7. wbðqB hviv Bgvb Av‡b I mrKg© K‡i ZvivB m„wói g‡a¨ DËg|

8. Zv‡ì cÖwZcvj‡Ki wbKU Av‡Q Zv‡ì cÖwZ`vbÑ ¯’vqx RvbœvZ, hvi Zj‡`k w`‡q b`xmg~n cÖevwnZ,†mLv‡b Zviv wPi¯’vqx n‡e| Avjøvn Zv‡ì cÖwZ mšÍyó, Avi ZvivI Zuvi cÖwZ mšÍyó| GUv Zvi Rb¨,†h Zvi cÖwZcvjK‡K fq K‡i|

e¨vL¨vG myivi cÖ_g K‡qKwU Avqv‡Z gw`bvi Bqvûw` I wLª÷vb‡ì Bgvb Avbvi Ae¯’v eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|Bqvûw` wLª÷vbiv bwe (m.)-Gi cÖwZ Bgvb Avbvi K_v ejZ| wKšÍy Zviv ivmyj (m.)-Gi cÖwZ Bgvb Av‡bwb| A_P Bgvb Avbv Zv‡ì Rb¨ Riywi wQj| †Kbbv Zviv c~e©eZx© wKZv‡e G m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQj| cieZx©AvqvZmg~‡n Bgvb Avbvi cyi¯‹vi Ges bv Avbvi kvw¯Í m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| e¯‘Z hviv Avjøvn Iivmy‡ji (m.) cÖwZ Bgvb Av‡b ZvivB mdjKvg| mgMÖ m„wóRM‡Zi g‡a¨ ZvivB †kªô| Rvbœv‡Zi mKj†bqvgZ Zviv Dc‡fvM Ki‡e| Ab¨w`‡K hviv Avjøvni mv‡_ Kzdwi K‡i Zviv †Zv mKj m„wói g‡a¨wbK…ó| Zviv AK…ZÁ| Zv‡ì ¯’vqx wVKvbv n‡jv Rvnvbœvg|


5

wk¶v : G myivi wk¶v wbgœiƒc :

�� Bqvûw`-wLª÷vbiv Rvbv m‡Ë¡I Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i wb|

�� mK‡ji DwPZ Avjøvn I Zuvi ivmy‡ji cÖwZ Bgvb Avbv|

�� Bgv‡bi ci GKwbôfv‡e Bev`Z Z_v mvjvZ, hvKvZ BZ¨vw` Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e|

�� Kvwdi I cvcxiv n‡jv wbK…ó m„wó| Zv‡ì ¯’vb Rvnvbœvg|

�� †bKKviMY me‡P‡q DËg m„wó| Zviv Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e|

�� Avjøvn ZvAvjv †bKKvi‡ì Ici mšÍyó|

Avgiv Avjøvn I ivmy‡ji cÖwZ `„pfv‡e Bgvb Avbe| AZtci GKwbôfv‡e Zuv‡ì AvbyMZ¨ Kie|Zvn‡jB Avjøvn ZvAvjv Avgv‡ì cÖwZ Lywk n‡eb| Avgv‡ì RvbœvZ `vb Ki‡eb|

KvR : wk¶v_x©iv G myivi wk¶v¸‡jv wj‡L evwo †_‡K GKwU PvU© ˆZwi K‡i wb‡q Avm‡e Ges†kªwY‡Z wk¶K‡K †`Lv‡e|

cvV 8

myiv Avj-whjhvj ( )

Avj-KziAv‡bi 99Zg myiv Avj-whjhvj| G myivq AvwLiv‡Zi Ae¯’v eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| myivi cÖ_gAvqv‡Z DwjøwLZ whjhvj kã †_‡K Gi bvg ivLv n‡q‡Q myiv Avj-whjhvj| GwU gw`bv bMix‡Z AeZxY©nq| Gi AvqvZ msL¨v AvUwU|

kv‡b byhyjGK`v R‰bK e¨w³ GKRb Kvwdi‡K AwZ Aí cwigvY Lv`¨ `vb K‡i| AZtci †m ejj †h, G mvgvb¨`v‡b wK mIqve n‡e?

Aci GK e¨w³ †QvU †QvU ¸bvn KiZ| G¸‡jv †_‡K weiZ _vKZ bv| eis †m G¸‡jv‡K Ae‡njv KiZ|Avi G¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv ¸iyZ¡ w`Z bv|

G `yÕAe¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Avjøvn ZvAvjv G myiv bvwhj K‡ib| Avi mKj‡K Rvwb‡q †`b †h, cyY¨ evcvc Zv hZ †QvUB †nvK bv †Kb wKqvg‡Z Zvi Rb¨ Revew`wn Ki‡Z n‡e| AZtci G¸‡jvi RbÏcyi¯‹vi ev kvw¯Í †fvM Ki‡Z n‡e|


kãv_©

- hLb - †ei n‡e, cÖKvwkZ n‡e

- Kw¤úZ n‡e - wfbœ wfbœ fv‡e, c„_Kc„_Kfv‡e

- Rwgb, c„w_ex, gvwU - Avgjmg~n

- †ei K‡i †`‡e - cwigvY

- †evSvmg~n, fimg~n - we›`y, AYy, ÿy`ªZg Ask

- ej‡e - DËg, fv‡jv

- †mw`b - g›`, Lvivc, wbK…ó

- eY©bv Ki‡e, K_v ej‡e - †m Zv †`L‡e

- msev`mg~n, Leimg~n

Abyev`


1. hLb c„w_ex Avcb K¤ú‡b cÖejfv‡e cÖKw¤úZ n‡e|

2. Avi c„w_ex hLb Zvi (Af¨šÍi¯’) fvimg~n †ei K‡i †`‡e|

3. Ges gvbyl ej‡Z _vK‡e Gi (c„w_exi) Kx n‡jv?


4. †mw`b c„w_ex Zvi e„ËvšÍ eY©bv Ki‡e|

5. †Kbbv Avcbvi cÖwZcvjK Zv‡K (GRb¨) Av‡`k Ki‡eb|

6. †mw`b gvbyl wfbœ wfbœ `‡j †ei n‡e, hv‡Z Zv‡ì‡K Zv‡ì Avgjmg~n †`Lv‡bv hvq|

7. †KD AYy cwigvY mrKvR Ki‡j Zv †m †`L‡e|

8. Avi †h AYy cwigvY g›` KvR Ki‡e, ZvI †m †`L‡Z cv‡e|

e¨vL¨vG myivq wKqvgZ ev gnvcÖj‡qi eY©bv PgrKvifv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| gnvb Avjøvn GK mgq †MvUv`ywbqv aŸsm K‡i †`‡eb| wZwb nhiZ Bmivwdj (Av.)-†K wk½vq dzrKvi †Ìqvi Av‡`k †`‡eb| nhiZBmivwdj (Av.)-ZLb wk½vq dzuK †`‡eb| Zuvi wk½vi k‡ã mviv c„w_exi mg¯Í wbqg-k„•Ljv †f‡½hv‡e| c„w_ex Pigfv‡e Kuvc‡Z _vK‡e| c„w_exi `vjvb‡KvVv, cvnvo-ce©Z, MvQcvjv mg¯Í wKQzB †mw`baŸsm n‡q hv‡e| Avmgvb †f‡½ hv‡e| f~c„ô Zvi †fZ‡ii me wKQz †ei K‡i †`‡e| Keimg~n †_‡Kgvbyl †ei n‡q Avm‡e| Gme wKQz †`‡L gvbyl Avðh©vwš^Z n‡q hv‡e| Gici mKj gvbyl nvk‡ii gq`v‡bGKÎ n‡e| †mLv‡b Zv‡ì `ywbqvi KvRK‡g©i wnmve †bIqv n‡e| ¶z`ª †_‡K ¶z`ª KvRKg©I †mw`bwnmv‡ei evB‡i _vK‡e bv| eis †QvU cvc Ki‡jI Zvi kvw¯Í †c‡Z n‡e| Ab¨w`‡K AYy cwigvY cyY¨Ki‡jI †mw`b gvbyl Zvi Avgjbvgvq †`L‡Z cv‡e| G cwigvY cy‡YïI cÖwZ`vb †Ìqv n‡e|

wk¶v : G myivi wk¶v wbgœiƒc:

�� wKqvg‡Z c„w_exi Ae¯’v n‡e fqven| mg¯Í wKQz aŸsm n‡q hv‡e|

�� gvbyl g„Zzï ci cybivq RxweZ n‡e|

�� nvk‡ii gq`v‡b gvbyl wbR wbR Avgjbvgv †`L‡Z cv‡e|

�� ¶z`ª ¶z`ª cvc ev cyY¨ †Kv‡bv wKQzB G Avgjbvgvq ev` co‡e bv|

Avgiv me©`v wKqvgZ, nvki I AvwLiv‡Zi K_v ¯§iY ivLe| †mLv‡b Avjøvni mvg‡b Avgv‡ì ùvov‡Z n‡e|


5

mKj Kv‡Ri wnmve w`‡Z n‡e| cvc-cyY¨ hZ ¶z`ªB †nvK bv †Kb †mw`b ZvI Avgv‡ì mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z Kivn‡e| myZivs Avgiv †QvU eo †Kv‡bv cvc‡K Ae‡njv Kie bv, eis mKj cvc †_‡K †eu‡P _vKe|

KvR : wk¶v_©x myiv whjhv‡ji PviwU wk¶v Zvi cv‡ki mncvVx‡K ej‡e Ges Zv LvZvq wjL‡e|

cvV 9

myiv Avj-wdj

myiv wdj Avj-KziAv‡bi 105Zg myiv| GwU g°v bMix‡Z AeZxY© nq| Gi AvqvZ msL¨v cuvPwU| wdjA_© nvwZ| G myivq nw¯Íevwnbxi KiyY cwiYwZi K_v eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q weavq G myivi bvg ivLv n‡q‡Qmyiv wdj|

kv‡b byhyjAvi‡ei Bqvgvb cÖ‡`‡ki kvmbKZ©vi bvg wQj Aveivnv| †m wQj wLª÷vb| †m mvbAv bvgK ¯’v‡b GKwUmy›ì I eû gwYgy³v LwPZ wMR©v ˆZwi K‡i| AZtci gvbyl‡K Zvi wMR©vq Dcvmbvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb K‡i|†m PvBj gvbyl †hb g°v kwi‡d Aew¯’Z cweÎ KvevM„n †Q‡o Zvi wMR©vq Dcvmbvi Rb¨ AvMgb K‡i|wKšÍy gvbyl KvevM„n‡K Lye m¤§vb KiZ| myZivs Zviv Zvi AvnŸv‡b mvov w`j bv| Zviv Av‡Mi g‡ZvBKvevM„‡n Dcvmbv Ki‡Z jvMj| G‡Z Aveivnv w¶ß n‡q DVj| †m wPšÍv Kij- KvevM„n aŸsm bv Ki‡jZvi D‡Ïk¨ mdj n‡e bv| G Rb¨ †m 570 wLª÷v‡ã KvevM„n aŸs‡mi Rb¨ g°v bMixi D‡Ï‡k hvÎvK‡i| †m eû ˆmb¨ msMÖn K‡i Ges 13wU wekvjKvq kw³kvjx nvwZ wb‡q AMÖmi nq|

Aveivnvi Avµg‡Yi msev` †c‡q Avãyj gyËvwje KzivBk‡ì cvnv‡o Avkªq wb‡Z ej‡jb| Avãyj gyËvwjewQ‡jb ivmyjyjøvn (m.)-Gi `v`v I KzivBk‡ì m`©vi| wZwb Rvb‡Zb †h Kvev n‡jv Avjøvni Ni| myZivsG N‡ii i¶vi `vwqZ¡I AvjøvniB Ici| Avãyj gyËvwj‡ei wb‡`©‡k KzivBkMY cvk©¦eZx© cvnv‡o Avkªqwbj| ciw`b †fv‡i Aveivnv Zvi evwnbx wb‡q Kvev Awfgy‡L iIqvbv n‡jv| Ggb mgq Avjøvn ZvAvjvmgy‡`ªi w`K †_‡K Suv‡K Svu‡K cvwL †cÖiY Ki‡jb| G¸‡jv wQj GKcÖKvi †QvU cvwL| Giv `yB cv‡q `ywUGes †Vuv‡U GKwU K‡i KsKi wb‡q G‡jv| AZtci G¸‡jv Aveivnvi evwnbxi Ici wb‡¶c Kij| d‡jAveivnvi ˆmbëvwnbx aŸsm n‡q †Mj| Avi Aveivnv AvnZ Ae¯’vq cvwj‡q †Mj| c‡i Zvi ¶Z¯’v‡bcPb a‡i Ges fq¼i K‡ói ci †m gviv hvq| Gfv‡e Avjøvn ZvAvjv Zuvi Ni‡K kÎyi AvµgY †_‡Ki¶v K‡ib|

nw¯Íevwnbxi NUbvwU 570 mv‡j msNwUZ nq| Avgv‡ì wcÖqbwe (m.) G eQiB Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| GA‡jŠwKK NUbv Zuvi R‡b¥i 50w`b c~‡e© N‡UwQj| Avjøvn ZvAvjv G myiv bvwhj K‡i G we‡kl NUbvmKj‡K Rvwb‡q †`b|


kãv_©

- Avcwb wK †`‡Lb wb? - wZwb †cÖiY K‡ib|

- Kxfv‡e, Kxiƒ‡c - cvwL

- m½xMY, mv_xMY, AwacwZ, - Avevwej, GKcªKvi †QvU

gvwjK cvwL hv Suv‡K Suv‡K D‡o

- nvwZ - cv_i

- wZwb wK K‡ib wb? - KsKi, bywo cv_i

- lohš¿, †Mvcb PµvšÍ, - Z…Y, Lo-Kz‡Uv

†KŠkj

- e¨_©Zv, e¨_© K‡i †Ìqv - fw¶Z, hv f¶Y Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Abyev`


1. Avcwb wK †`‡Lb wb, Avcbvi cÖwZcvjK nw¯Í evwnbxi cÖwZ wKiƒc AvPiY K‡iwQ‡jb?

2. wZwb wK Zv‡ì †KŠkj e¨_© K‡i †`b wb ?

3. Avi wZwb Zv‡ì cÖwZ Suv‡K Suv‡K cvwL †cÖiY K‡ib|

4. †m¸‡jv Zv‡ì Ici KsKi RvZxq cv_i wb‡¶c K‡i|

5. AZtci wZwb Zv‡ì fw¶Z Z…Ym`„k K‡ib|


e¨vL¨vBqvgv‡bi ev`kvn Aveivnv wQj A‡bK abm¤ú` I ˆmb¨-mvg‡šÍi AwaKvix| Zvi wQj wekvjnw¯Íevwnbx| wKšÍy Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Kzì‡Zi Zzjbvq Gme abm¤ú`, ¶gZv wKQzB bv| eis AvjøvnZvAvjv hv Pvb Zv-B nq| wZwb hv‡K †hfv‡e B”Qv jvwÃZ, AcgvwbZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

Aveivnv Me© I AnsKviekZ Avjøvn ZvAvjvi mv‡_ kÎyZv K‡i| d‡j †m aŸsm n‡q hvq| Avjøvn ZvAvjv†QvU †QvU cvwLi mvnv‡h¨ Zvi wekvj evwnbx aŸsm K‡i †`b| e¯‘Z GUv wQj Avjøvni KzìZ gvÎ|Avjøvni mv‡_ kÎyZv I we‡ivwaZvKvix‡ì wZwb Gfv‡eB aŸsm K‡i _v‡Kb|


�� Avjøvn‡`ªvnx‡ì Avjøvn ZvAvjv `„óvšÍg~jK kvw¯Í †`b|

�� wZwb Zv‡ì mg¯Í Kjv‡KŠkj e¨_© K‡i †`b|

Avgiv Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Amxg ¶gZv m¤ú‡K© wek¦vm ivLe| Zuvi Av‡`k-wb‡la †g‡b Pje| Zuvi `x‡bimv‡_ KL‡bv kÎyZv Kie bv|

KvR : myiv wdj bvwhj nIqvi cUf~wg m¤ú‡K© wk¶v_x© eÜz‡K ej‡e Ges G myivi wk¶v wb‡q Zvimv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e|

cvV 10

myiv KzivBk

myiv KzivBk n‡jv gvw° myiv| Gi AvqvZ msL¨v PviwU| GwU Avj-KziAv‡bi 106Zg myiv| G myivq g°vbMixi KzivBk‡ì K_v eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GRb¨ Gi bvg ivLv n‡q‡Q myiv KzivBk|

kv‡b byhyjcweÎ KvevM„n g°v bMix‡Z Aew¯’Z| G M„‡ni i¶Yv‡e¶Y I †mevi `vwqZ¡ wQj KzivBk m¤cÖ`v‡qiIci| GRb¨ KzivBkMY eû my‡hvM myweav jvf KiZ| †jvKRb Zv‡ì m¤§vb KiZ| Zv‡ì †bZ…Z¡ †g‡bPjZ| Zv‡ì cÖwZ †Kv‡bviƒc Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPvi Kivi mvnm †cZ bv| G my‡hv‡M Zviv wmwiqv, BqvgvbcÖf„wZ †`‡k eëmvq-evwYR¨ KiZ| †Pvi-WvKvZ, wQbZvBKvixiv Zv‡ì evav w`Z bv| GgbwK kxZ-MÖx‡®§i cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡kI Zviv mK‡ji mn‡hvwMZvq wbwe©‡Nœ eëmvq-evwYR¨ Ki‡Z cviZ| ZvQvov nRDcj‡¶ wecyj †jvKRb g°v bMix‡Z AvmZ, G‡Z K‡iI KzivBkMY eû A_©-m¤ú` jvf KiZ|

KzivBk‡ì Gme gvbm¤§vb I abm¤ú` wQj g~jZ Kvev M„‡ni e‡`Šj‡Z| myZivs Zv‡ì DwPZ wQj GM„‡ni cÖfyi †mev Kiv| A_P Zviv Zv KiZ bv| eis Zviv wQj gykwiK| Zviv g~wZ©c~Rv KiZ| Avjøvni


GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm KiZ bv| wimvjvZ I AvwLiv‡ZI Zviv wek¦vm KiZ bv| GgbwK ivmyjyjøvn (m.) hLbBmjv‡gi `vIqvZ ïiy Ki‡jb ZL‡bv Zviv Zuvi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Z jvMj| G RNb¨ I A‰bwZK AvPi‡Yicwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Avjøvn ZvAvjv G myiv bvwhj K‡i Zv‡ì mZK© K‡i †`b|

kãv_©

- Avmw³, AbyivM - whwb, †h

- KzivBk eskxq †jvK - Avnvi w`‡q‡Qb

- ågY, mdi - Zv‡ì

- kxZKvj - ¶zav

- MÖx®§Kvj - wbivc` K‡i‡Qb, wbivcËv w`‡q‡Qb

- GB - fq-fxwZ

- Ni, evwo

Abyev`


1. †h‡nZz KzivB‡ki Avmw³ i‡q‡Q|

2. Avmw³ i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì kxZ I MÖx‡®§ md‡ii|

3. AZGe, Zviv G N‡ii gvwj‡Ki Bev`Z KiyK|

4. whwb Zv‡ì ¶zavq Avnvi w`‡q‡Qb Avi Zv‡ì wbivc` K‡i‡Qb fq-fxwZ †_‡K|


5

e¨vL¨vG myivq KzivBk‡ì bvbv wbqvg‡Zi K_v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci Gme wbqvg‡Zi cwie‡Z© Zv‡ìKx Kiv DwPZ G m¤ú‡K© w`K-wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

g°v bMix‡Z Kvev M„n Aew¯’Z| Kvev n‡jv Avjøvni Ni| G Rb¨ Avjøvn ZvAvjv g°vi KzivBk‡ì bvbvmyweav cÖ`vb K‡ib| wZwb Zv‡ì m¤§vb, gh©v`v I wbivcËv `vb K‡ib| ¶zav Z…òvq Lv`¨, cvbxq `vbK‡ib| myZivs Zv‡ì KZ©e¨ n‡jv Gme wbqvg‡Zi ïKwiqv Av`vq Kiv| †h N‡ii e‡`Šj‡Z Zviv Gmejvf Ki‡jv †m N‡ii gvwj‡Ki Bev`Z Kiv| †Kbbv wZwbB Zv‡ì Gme `vb K‡i‡Qb|


�� Avjøvn ZvAvjv Avgv‡ì Lv`¨-cvbxq I wbivcËv `vb K‡ib|

�� wZwb mKj wbqvg‡Zi gvwjK|

�� mK‡jiB DwPZ Zuvi Bev`Z Kiv|

AZGe, Avgiv memgq Avjøvni Bev`Z Kie| Zuvi cÖ`Ë wbqvg‡Zi Rb¨ Zuvi ïKwiqv Av`vq Kie|Zvn‡j wZwb Avgv‡ì cÖwZ wbqvgZ AviI evwo‡q †`‡eb|

KvR : myiv KzivB‡ki wZbwU wk¶v wk¶v_x©iv LvZvq wjL‡e I wk¶K‡K †`Lv‡e|

cvV 11

AvqvZzj Kziwm

Av‡jvP¨ AvqvZwU cweÎ KziAv‡bi myiv Avj-evKvivi 255bs AvqvZ| GwU Avj-KziAv‡bi me©vwaKgh©v`vc~Y© AvqvZ|

Kziwm k‡ãi A_© GKe¯‘i mv‡_ Ab¨ e¯‘i wgjv‡bv| G Rb¨ †Pqvi ev Avmb‡K Kziwm ejv nq| †KbbvAvm‡b A‡bK KvV‡K GKÎ Kiv nq| Kziwm k‡ãi Ab¨ A_© n‡jv mvgªvR¨, gwngv, Ávb I wmsnvmb| GAvqv‡Z Avjøvn ZvAvjvi cwiPq, ¶gZv, gwngv I †MŠi‡ei K_v AZ¨šÍ ¯úó I my›ìfv‡e eY©bv Kivn‡q‡Q| G Rb¨ G AvqvZ‡K AvqvZzj Kziwm ejv nq|

dwhjZAvqvZzj Kziwm AZ¨šÍ eiKZgq AvqvZ| ivmyj (m.) G AvqvZ‡K me‡P‡q DËg AvqvZ e‡j AwfwnZK‡i‡Qb| gnvbwe (m.) e‡j‡Qb- Ô†h e¨w³ cÖ‡Z¨K dih mvjv‡Zi ci AvqvZzj Kyiwm wbqwgZ cvV K‡i,Zvi Rb¨ †e‡nk‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki c‡_ GKgvÎ g„Zz¨ e¨ZxZ Avi †Kv‡bv evav _v‡K bv|Õ (bvmvB)

A_©vr g„Zzï mv‡_ mv‡_B †m †e‡nk‡Zi Avivg-Av‡qk Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z ïiy Ki‡e|


Ab¨ nvw`‡m gnvbwe (m.) e‡jb, †h e¨w³ cÖfv‡Z I kqbKv‡j AvqvZzj Kziwm cvV Ki‡e, Avjøvn ZvAvjvZv‡K me©cÖKvi wec`vc` †_‡K i¶v Ki‡eb| (wZiwgwh)

Aci GK nvw`‡m G‡m‡Q, GK`v, Ôivmyj (m.) DevB Be‡b KvÕe‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡jb- KziAv‡bi †KvbAvqvZwU mePvB‡Z †kªô I ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| DevB (iv.) ej‡jb, Zv n‡jv AvqvZzj Kziwm| DËi ï‡b ivmyj(m.) Zv mg_©b Ki‡jb Ges ej‡jb- †n Aveyj gybwhi [DevB (iv.)-Gi WvKbvg] G DËg Áv‡bi Rb¨†Zvgv‡K ab¨ev`|Õ (mwnn gymwjg)

kãv_©

- Bjvn, gvey`, - †cQ‡b

- †m, wZwb - Zviv AvqË Ki‡Z cv‡ibv, †eób Ki‡Z cv‡i bv

- wPiÄxe - wRwbm, e¯Íy

- wPi¯’vqx, me©mËvi aviK - Ávb

- Zuv‡K ¯úk© K‡i bv - wZwb B”Qv K‡i‡Qb

- Z›`ªv - Zv we¯Í…Z n‡q‡Q, cwie¨vß

n‡q‡Q

- Nyg, wb ªv - Zuv‡K K¬všÍ K‡i bv, ZuviRb¨ KóKi nq bv

- Avmgvbmg~n - i¶Yv‡e¶Y

- Rwgb, c„w_ex, f~-c„ô - gnvb, myD”P

- †m mycvwik Ki‡e - †kªô, gnvb

- wbKU, Kv‡Q

Abyev`



Avjøvn, wZwb e¨ZxZ †Kv‡bv Bjvn †bB|

wZwb wPiÄxe, wPi¯’vqx|

Z›`ªv ev wb ªv Zuv‡K ¯úk© K‡i bv|

Avmgvb I Rwg‡b hv wKQz i‡q‡Q mg¯Í ZuviB|

†K Av‡Q Ggb, †h Zuvi AbygwZ e¨ZxZ Zuvi wbKU mycvwik Ki‡e?

Zv‡`i mvg‡b I †cQ‡b hv wKQz Av‡Q meB wZwb Rv‡bb|

wZwb hv B”Qv K‡ib, Zv Qvov Zuvi Áv‡bi †Kv‡bv wKQzB Zviv AvqË Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

Zuvi Kziwm Avmgvb I c„w_exgq cwie¨vß|

Avi G¸‡jvi i¶Yv‡e¶Y Zuv‡K K¬všÍ K‡i bv|

Avi wZwb AwZ gnvb, me©‡kªô|

Zvrch©G Avqv‡Z Avjøvn ZvAvjvi cwiPq AwZ my›`ifv‡e Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Avjøvn ZvAvjvi ¸Yvewj I ¶gZvG Avqv‡Z ¯úóiƒ‡c dz‡U D‡V‡Q|


5

Avqv‡Zi cÖ_‡gB ejv n‡q‡Q, Avjøvn ZvAvjvB GKgvÎ Bjvn, wZwb e¨ZxZ †Kv‡bv gvey` †bB| mKjBev`Z I cÖksmv GKgvÎ ZuviB Rb¨ wba©vwiZ| wZwb Abvw` AbšÍ| wZwb wPiKvj wQ‡jb, Av‡Qb Ges_vK‡eb| Zuvi Ávb Amxg, mKj wKQzB Zuvi Áv‡bi AvIZvaxb| wZwb gnvb mËv| Avmgvb Rwg‡biwekvjZv Zuvi Kv‡Q wKQzB bv| wZwb K¬vwšÍ, wb`ªv, Z› ªv BZ¨vw`i E‡aŸ©| GKK_vq wZwbB me©kw³gvb,mKj kw³i Avavi, gnvb, me©‡kªô|

KvR : AvqvZzj Kziwm cv‡Vi dwhjZ GKwU KvM‡R wj‡L Zv wk¶v_x© covi †Uwe‡ji mvg‡b Szwj‡qivL‡e|

cvV 12

myiv nvk‡ii †kl wZb AvqvZ

myiv nvki cweÎ KziAv‡bi 59Zg myiv| G myiv nvk‡ii †kl wZb AvqvZ A_©vr 22, 23 Ges 24ZgAvqvZ wb‡gœ A_©mn D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|

dwhjZ : G wZb Avqv‡Zi dwhjZ AZ¨šÍ †ewk| ivmyjyjøvn (m.) e‡jb- †h e¨w³ mKv‡j wZbevi

(D”PviY : AvDhyy wejøvwnm mvwgBj Avwjwg wgbvk kvBZvwbi ivwRg|) cvV Kivi ci myiv nvk‡ii †klAvqvZ wZbwU wZjvIqvZ Ki‡e Avjøvn ZvAvjv Zvi Rb¨ mËi nvRvi †d‡ikZv wb‡qvM K‡i †`‡eb|Zuviv mKvj †_‡K mÜ¨v ch©šÍ Zvi Rb¨ ing‡Zi †`vqv Ki‡Z _vK‡e| †mw`b †m gviv †M‡j knx‡`i g„Zz¨jvf Ki‡e| Avi mÜ¨vKv‡j †h e¨w³ Gfv‡e cvV Ki‡e †mI G dwhjZ jvf Ki‡e| (wZiwgwh)

kãv_©

- †m, wZwb - civµgkvjx

- †h, whwb - cÖej

- Ávbx - AwZ gwngvwšZ

- A`„k¨ - cweÎ, gnvb

- `„k¨gvb, Dcw¯’Z - Zviv wkiK K‡i, Askx`vi¯’vcb K‡i|

- `qvgq - m„wóKZ©v, mªóv

- cig `qvjy - D™¢vebKvix

- AwacwZ - iƒcKvi, iƒc`vZv


- cweÎ - bvgmg~n

- kvwšÍ - my›`i

- wbivcËv `vbKvix - †m Zvmwen c‡o, gwngv†NvlYv K‡i

- iÿK, iYv‡e¶YKvix - cÖÁvgq, cÖÁvevb

Abyev`


1. -wZwbB Avjøvn, wZwb e¨ZxZ Avi †Kv‡bv Bjvn †bB|

wZwb `„k¨ I A`„‡k¨i cwiÁvZv|

wZwb `qvgq, cig `qvjy|

2. wZwbB Avjøvn, wZwb e¨ZxZ †Kv‡bv Bjvn †bB|

wZwbB AwacwZ, wZwbB cweÎ, wZwbB kvwšÍ

wZwbB wbivcËv `vbKvix, wZwbB i¶K,

wZwbB civµgkvjx, wZwbB cÖej, wZwbB AZxe gwngvwšZ|

Zviv hv wKQz kwiK w¯’i K‡i, Avjøvn Zv †_‡K cweÎ, gnvb|

3. wZwbB Avjøvn, m„wóKZ©v|

D™¢vebKZ©v, iƒc`vZv|

Zuvi Rb¨B i‡q‡Q DËg bvgmg~n|

AvKvkgÊjx I c„w_ex‡Z hv wKQz Av‡Q mg¯ÍB ZuvicweÎZv I gwngv †NvlYv K‡i|

wZwbB civµgkvjx, cÖÁvgq|


e¨vL¨vG AvqvZmg~n Avjøvn ZvAvjvi ¸YevPK bv‡g cwic~Y©| Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Gme ¸YevPK bvg Zuvi ¶gZv IcwiP‡qi ¯iƒc cÖKvk K‡i| wZwb me©kw³gvb| Avmgvb Rwgb mewKQzi gvwjK| wZwb hv B”Qv K‡ib ZvBnq| wZwb e¨ZxZ Avi †Kv‡bv Bjvn †bB| wZwbB GKgvÎ Bjvn ev gvey`| Avmgvb I Rwg‡bi meB ZuvicweÎZv I gwngv †NvlYv K‡i| myZivs gvby‡li DwPZ GKgvÎ ZuviB `vmZ¡ Kiv| me©ve¯’vq ZuviBBev`Z e‡›`wM Kiv|

KvR : wk¶v_x©iv myiv nvk‡ii †k‡li AvqvZ wZbwU gyL¯’ K‡i A_©mn LvZvq wj‡L wk¶K‡K†`Lv‡e|

cvV 13

Avj-KziAvb I ˆbwZK wk¶v

Avj-KziAvb me©‡kl I me©‡kªô Avmgvwb wKZve| GwU Ávb weÁv‡bi g~j Drm| ˆbwZK I gvbweKwk¶vi †¶‡ÎI G wKZve we‡kl f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| KziAvb gvwR` n‡jv ˆbwZKZvi Avavi| bxwZ-ˆbwZKZvi mKj w`KB G MÖ‡š’ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| cweÎ KziAv‡b bvbvfv‡e ˆbwZKZvi wk¶v cÖ`vb Kivn‡q‡Q| G cv‡V Avgiv ˆbwZK wk¶v cÖ`v‡b Avj-KziAv‡bi bvbv w`‡Ki K_v Rvbe|

Avj-KziAvb Avjøvn ZvAvjvi evYx| G‡Z Avjøvn ZvAvjvi cwiPqI eY©bv i‡q‡Q| Gi gva¨‡g AvgivAvjøvn ZvAvjvi bvbv ¸‡Yi cwiPq cvB| †hgb- wZwb KiyYvgq, Amxg `qvjy, ¶gvkxj, b¨vqcivqY|gnvb Avjøvni ¸Ymg~‡n ¸Yvwš^Z nIqv Avgv‡ì KZ©e¨|

Avj-KziAvb †_‡K Avgiv Gme ¸‡Yi cwiPq jvf Kie| Gici Avgiv G¸‡jvi PP©v Kie| d‡j bxwZ-ˆbwZKZvi Øviv Avgiv Avgv‡ì PwiÎ my›ì Ki‡Z cvie|

`ywbqv‡Z AvMgbKvix bwe-ivmyjM‡Yi eY©bv i‡q‡Q Avj-KziAv‡b| G‡Z Zuv‡ì cwiPq, Zuv‡ì ¯fve-PwiÎ BZ¨vwì weeiY †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| bwe-ivmyjM‡Yi mdjZv, K…wZ‡Z¡i eY©bv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| ZuvivwQ‡jb wb®úvc| ˆbwZK I gvbweK ¸Yvewj Zuv‡ì Pwi‡Îi f~lY wQj| Zuviv wQ‡jb gvbeRvwZi RbÄv`k©| Avi hviv Zuv‡ì AbymiY K‡i‡Q ZvivB mdjZv jvf K‡i‡Q| Avi Avj-KziAv‡bi wk¶vi ØvivBAvgiv Zuv‡ì AbymiY Ki‡Z cvwi|

Avgv‡ì wcÖqbwe (m.) wQ‡jb bwe-ivmyjM‡Yi m`©vi| wZwb wQ‡jb m‡e©vËg Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix| mKj¸‡Yi cwic~Y© mgš^q Zuvi Pwi‡Î N‡UwQj| Avj-KziAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q-


A_© : wbðqB ivmyjyjøvn (m.)-Gi Pwi‡Î †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ DËg Av`k© i‡q‡Q| (myiv Avnhve : 21)

gnvbwe (m.)-Gi PwiÎ I ˆbwZKZvi K_v KziAvb gvwR‡` ¯úófv‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKeviD¤§yj gywgwbb nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.)-†K ivmyjyjøvn (m.)-Gi PwiÎ m¤ú‡K© wRÁvmv Kiv n‡j wZwbe‡jb-

A_© : Avj-KziAvbB †Zv Zuvi (ivmy‡ji) PwiÎ|

A_©vr Avj-KziAv‡bi mg¯Í wk¶v I ˆbwZKZvB Zuvi Pwi‡Îi êwkó¨ wQj| Gme wk¶v Abykxjb K‡iAvgivI wcÖqbwe (m.) Gi DËg PwiÎ I ˆbwZKZvi AbyKiY Ki‡Z cvwi|

KziAvb gvwR‡` c~e©eZx© eû RvwZ I gvby‡li eY©bv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| hviv Zv‡ì cvc I A‰bwZK Kv‡RiRb¨ aŸsm n‡q wM‡qwQj Zv‡ì m¤ú‡K© eY©bv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| †hgb- Av` RvwZ, Qvgy` RvwZ, †divDb,bgiy`, Kviyb BZ¨vw`| Gme RvwZ I e¨w³‡ì eY©bv Avgv‡ì A‰bwZKZv †_‡K †eu‡P _vKvi wk¶v †`q|AZGe, Zviv †hme A‰bwZK KvR KiZ Zv †_‡K Avgiv weiZ _vKe| Avi me©ve¯’vq ˆbwZKZviAbykxjb Kie|

ˆbwZK Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ A‡bK wb‡`©kbv Avj-KziAv‡b †`qv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv Avgv‡ì ˆbwZKRxebhvc‡b DrmvwnZ K‡i| wb‡P bxwZg~jK K‡qKwU AvqvZ D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv:

A_© : †m-B mdjKvg n‡e †h wbR‡K cweÎ Ki‡e| Avi †h wbR‡K KjywlZ Ki‡e †mB e¨_© n‡e| (myivAvk&-kvgm, AvqvZ 9-10)

A_© : wbðqB Avjøvn âh©kxj‡ì mv‡_ Av‡Qb| (myiv Avj-evKviv, AvqvZ 153)

A_© : wbðqB Avjøvn b¨vqcivqYZv I m`vPv‡ii wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡ib| (myiv bvnj, AvqvZ 90)

A_© : Avi ¶gv K‡i †ÌqvB ZvKIqvi AwaKZi wbKUeZx©| (myiv Avj-evKviv, AvqvZ 237)

A_© : Avi †Zvgiv cÖwZkªywZ i¶v Ki‡e, wbðqB cÖwZkÖywZ m¤ú‡K© (wKqvg‡Z) wRÁvmv Kiv n‡e| (myivewb BmivBj, AvqvZ 34)


Gfv‡e Avj-KziAv‡bi eû Avqv‡Z ˆbwZK ¸Yvewj Abykxj‡bi Rb¨ Av‡`k I Drmvn †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|cvkvcvwk A‰bwZK I Ab¨vq KvR †_‡K weiZ _vKvi wk¶vI †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Avgiv A‰bwZKZv †_‡KweiZ _vKvi Rb¨ wb‡lag~jK K‡qKwU AvqvZ wb‡gœ D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv:

1.

A_© : †Zvgiv LvI I cvb Ki| Z‡e AcPq K‡iv bv| wbðqB wZwb (Avjøvn ZvAvjv) AcPqKvix‡ìcQ›` K‡ib bv| (myiv Avj-Avivd, AvqvZ 31)

2.

A_© : AnsKviekZ Zywg gvbyl‡K AeÁv K‡iv bv Ges c„w_ex‡Z D×Zfv‡e wePiY K‡iv bv| wbðqAvjøvn †Kv‡bv D×Z, AnsKvix‡K cQ›` K‡ib bv| (myiv jyKgvb, AvqvZ 18)

3.

A_© : Avi †Zvgiv G‡K Ac‡ii †cQ‡b wb›`v K‡iv bv| †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ wK †KD Zvi g„Z fvB‡qi †MvkZf¶Y Kiv cQ›` Ki‡e? e¯‘Z †Zvgiv †Zv G‡K N„YvB Ki| (myiv ûRyivZ, AvqvZ 12)

GQvov AviI A‡bK Avqv‡Zi Øviv gvbeRvwZ‡K ˆbwZKZvi wk¶v †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Avgiv Gme wk¶vRvbe Ges wb‡R‡ì Rxe‡b ev¯Íevqb Kie| d‡j Avgv‡ì PwiÎ my›ì n‡e| Avgiv `ywbqv IAvwLiv‡Z mdjZv jvf Kie|

KvR :

K. wk¶v_©xiv Avj-KziAv‡bi bxwZg~jK AvqvZ cuvPwU A_©mn GKRb Ab¨R‡bi Kv‡Q gyL¯’ ej‡e|

L. wk¶v_x©iv bxwZg~jK AvqvZ cuvPwU wk¶v_x© covi †Uwe‡ji mvg‡b Szwj‡q ivLvi Rb¨ my›ì K‡iGKwU KvM‡R wj‡L ivL‡e|

cvV 14

gybvRvZg~jK wZbwU nvw`m

gnvbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) wQ‡jb gvbeZvi gnvb wk¶K| wZwb me©`vB gvby‡li Kj¨vY Kvgbv Ki‡Zb|wK‡m gvby‡li fv‡jv n‡e, Kx KvR Ki‡j gvbyl mdjZv jvf Ki‡e, Zv †`wL‡q w`‡Zb| `ywbqv IAvwLiv‡Z Kj¨vY jv‡fi bvbv cš’v wZwb Avgv‡ì †`wL‡q †M‡Qb| Gi GKwU n‡jv gybvRvZ| wZwbRvb‡Zb Avjøvn ZvAvjvi wbKU gybvRvZ Kivi gva¨‡g Avgiv mvwe©K Kj¨vY jvf Ki‡Z cvwi| GRb¨wZwb Avgv‡ì eû gybvRvZ wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb| nvw`‡mi wKZvemg~‡n gybvRvZg~jK eû nvw`m Avgiv †`L‡ZcvB| G cv‡V Avgiv gybvRvZg~jK wZbwU nvw`m wkLe|


nvw`m-1

A_© : †n Avjøvn! †n AšÍimg~n wdiv‡bvi gvwjK! Zzwg Avgv‡ì AšÍimg~n‡K †Zvgvi AvbyM‡Zï w`‡Kwdwi‡q `vI| (mwnn gymwjg)

nvw`m-2

A_© : †n Avjøvn! Zzwg Avgvi AšÍi‡K gybvwdwK †_‡K, Avgvi Avgj‡K wiqv †_‡K, Avgvi †PvL‡K wLqvbZ†_‡K, Avi Avgvi wRnev‡K wg_¨v †_‡K cweÎ Ki| †Kbbv †Pv‡Li Aceënvi I AšÍ‡i hv †Mvcb Av‡Q†m m¤ú‡K© Zzwg Aek¨B AeMZ| (evqnvwK)

nvw`m-3

A_© : †n Avjøvn! Avwg †Zvgvi wbKU my¯’Zv, cweÎZv, DËg PwiÎ Ges ZvKw`‡ii Ici mšÍyó _vKvi gbgvbwmKZv Kvgbv Kwi| (evqnvwK)

Dc‡iv³ gybvRvZg~jK nvw`m¸‡jv LyeB ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| G¸‡jv PP©vi gva¨‡g Avgiv `ywbqv I AvwLiv‡Zi cÖf~ZKj¨vY jvf Ki‡Z cvwi| AZGe, Avgiv A_©mn G gybvRvZ¸‡jv wkLe| Gici G¸‡jvi gva¨‡g AvgivAvjøvni wbKU gybvRvZ Kie| Zvn‡j Avjøvn ZvAvjv Avgv‡ì m‡e©vËg mdjZv `vb Ki‡eb|

KvR : wk¶v_x©iv gybvRvZg~jK nvw`m wZbwU A_©mn gyL¯’ K‡i Ges G¸‡jv Øviv wbqwgZ AvjøvnZvAvjvi Kv‡Q †`vqv Ki‡e|

cvV 5

nvw`m I ˆbwZK wk¶v

gvby‡li Rxeb I mgvR‡K my›ì Ki‡Z n‡j bxwZ-ˆbwZKZv I Av`k© Pwi‡Îi AbymiY Acwinvh©| DËgPwiÎ, bxwZ-ˆbwZKZv I gvbweK g~j¨‡eva e¨ZxZ †Kvb e¨w³, mgvR I RvwZi DbœwZ n‡Z cv‡i bv|Avgv‡ì wcÖq bwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) wQ‡jb DbœZ I gnvb Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix| ˆbwZKZv I gvbweKg~j¨‡ev‡ai Rb¨ wZwb mK‡ji wbKU cÖkswmZ wQ‡jb| Zuvi bxwZ-ˆbwZKZv Ges Av`k© Pwi‡Îi weeiYnvw`m kwi‡d ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|


DËg PwiÎ I ˆbwZKZv wk¶v `v‡bi Rb¨ gnvbwe (m.)-Gi Avwefv©e| gnvbwe (m.) e‡j‡Qb-

A_© : Avwg DËg Pwi‡Îi cwic~Y©Zv `v‡bi Rb¨B †cÖwiZ n‡qwQ| (evqnvwK)

nvw`‡mi Av‡jv‡K ˆbwZK wk¶vcweÎ KziAv‡b ˆbwZKZv AR©b m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY Av‡Q| gnvbwe (m.)-Gi nvw`‡mI ˆbwZKZvAR©b m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY i‡q‡Q| Kx Kx ˆbwZK ¸Y AR©b Ki‡j gvbeRxeb my›ì I mdj n‡egnvbwe (m.)-Gi cweÎ nvw`‡m G m¤ú‡K© †hgb Zvi weeiY i‡q‡Q †Zgwb A‰bwZK Kvh©vewj eR©‡biI†Rvi ZvwM` i‡q‡Q|

mZZv, mZëvw`Zv, kvjxbZv‡eva, m„wói †mev, AvgvbZ i¶v, ¶gv, `qv, c‡ivcKvwiZv, âh©, åvZ…Z¡‡eva,mgvR‡mev, †`k‡cÖg, cigZmwnòzZv, wcZv-gvZv I AvZ¥xq-¯^R‡bi cÖwZ KZ©e¨ Ges wk¶K Ie‡qv‡R¨ô‡ì cÖwZ kª×v, †QvU‡ì cÖwZ †mœn, mncvVx‡ì cÖwZ my›ì AvPiY BZ¨vw` ˆbwZK ¸‡Yi weeiYnvw`m kwi‡d i‡q‡Q| gnvbwe (m.) wbR Rxe‡b Gme ˆbwZK ¸Y ev¯Íevqb K‡i wb‡R‡K wek¦BwZnv‡mi me©‡kªô ˆbwZK I Av`k© gvbyl wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|

Ab¨w`‡K wZwb (gnvbwe m.) A‰bwZK AvPvi AvPiY †hgb- wg_¨vPvi, ciwb›`v, Mvwj †Ìqv, wnsmv, †µva,†jvf, cÖZviYv, wcZv-gvZvi Aeva¨Zv, AnsKvi, AkøxjZv, cikªxKvZiZv, N„Yv, †PŠh©e„wË, mš¿vm BZ¨vwèR©b Kivi †Rvi ZvwM` w`‡q‡Qb Ges Gm‡ei Kzdj I ¶wZKi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© wZwb Zuvi nvw`‡m g~jëvbw`Kwb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Qb|

ˆbwZKZv I A‰bwZKZv m¤úwK©Z K‡qKwU nvw`m wb‡gœ ewY©Z n‡jvÑ

`qv-gvqv I m„wói †mev m¤ú‡K© gnvbwe e‡j‡Qb-

A_©: †Zvgiv Rwg‡bi Awaevmx‡ì cÖwZ `qv cÖ`k©b K‡iv, Zvn‡j Avmgv‡bi AwacwZ gnvb Avjøvn

†Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ m`q n‡eb| (wZiwgwh)

gnvbwe (m.) AviI e‡jb-

A_© : mgMÖ m„wóRMr Avjøvni cwievi| Avjøvni Kv‡Q †mB e¨w³B wcÖq †h Zvi cwiev‡ii cÖwZ AbyMÖnK‡i| (evqnvwK)

kvjxbZv m¤ú‡K© gnvbwe (m.) e‡jb-

A_© : wbtm‡›`‡n Avjøvn Akvjxb I `yðwiÎ e¨w³‡K N„Yv K‡ib| (wZiwgwh)


AvgvbZ m¤ú‡K© gnvbwe (m.) e‡jb,

A_© : hvi AvgvbZ`vwi †bB Zvi BgvbI †bB| (gymbv‡` Avngv`)

kªwg‡Ki cvwikªwgK `ªyZ Av`v‡qi ZvwM` w`‡q gnvbwe (m.) e‡jb,

A_© : kªwg‡Ki Nvg ïwK‡q hvIqvi c~‡e© Zvi cvwikªwgK w`‡q `vI| (Be‡b gvRvn)

gnvbwe (m.) Gfv‡e AmsL¨ nv`x‡mi gva¨‡g ˆbwZK wk¶v‡K †hgb RMZevmxi wbKU Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb†Zgwb A‰bwZKZv I AmrPwiÎ †_‡KI †eu‡P _vK‡Z gvbe RvwZ‡K wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi nvw`‡m ewY©Z

n‡q‡Q-

A_© : †mB e¨w³ cÖK…Z gymjgvb hvi wRnev I nvZ †_‡K Aci gymjgvb wbivc` _v‡K| (eyLvwi I gymwjg)

gnvbwe (m.) e‡jb-

A_© : †Zvgiv wnsmv †_‡K †eu‡P _vK| KviY, Av¸b †hgb ïKbv KvV‡K R¡vwj‡q QvB K‡i †`q wnsmv

†Zgwb cyY¨‡K aŸsm K‡i †`q| (Avey `vD`)

gnvbwe (m.) e‡jb-

A_© : †h e¨w³ cÖZviYv K‡i †m Avgvi D¤§Z bq| (gymwjg)

gnvbwe (m.) e‡jb, gnvb Avjøvn Zuvi B”Qv Abyhvqx mKj cvcB ¶gv K‡i †`b| wKšÍy wcZv-gvZvi

Aeva¨Zvi cvc wZwb ¶gv K‡ib bv| (evqnvwK)

gnvbwe (m.)-Gi cweÎ nvw`m Avgiv Aa¨qb K‡i ˆbwZKZv I mrPwiÎ m¤ú‡K© Rvbe Ges Avgv‡ìRxe‡b Zv ev¯Íevqb Kie| Avevi A‰bwZK KvR I Amr Pwi‡Îi w`K¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© gnvbwe (m.)-Ginvw`m Rvbe| Gm‡ei ¶wZKi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© Rvbe Ges †mme eR©b K‡i Pje| G‡Z Avgv‡ì Rxebmy›ì n‡e| mevB Avgv‡ì fv‡jvevm‡e| Avgiv Rxe‡b mdj ne| ciKv‡j Avgiv gyw³ I RvbœvZ jvf

Kie|

KvR : wk¶v_x©iv gnvbwe (m.)-Gi nvw`‡mi Av‡jv‡K ˆbwZK I A‰bwZK Kvh©vewji ZvwjKv ˆZwiK‡i †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|


Abykxjbg~jK cÖkœk~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki

1. B`Mvg †gvU -------- cÖKvi|

2. Avi‡ei Bqvgvb cÖ‡`‡ki kvmbKZ©vi bvg wQj --------|

3. AvqvZzj Kziwm AZ¨šÍ --------AvqvZ|

4. -------- †Zv Zvi (ivmy‡ji) PwiÎ|

5. hvi AvgvbZ`vwi †bB Zvi -------- †bB|


evg cvk Wvb cvk

1. †h e¨w³ cÖZviYv K‡i 106 Zg myiv

2. myiv nvki cweÎ KziAv‡bi cuvPwU

3. myiv KzivBk Avj KziAv‡bi 59Zg myiv

4. myiv Avj wd‡ji AvqvZ msL¨v AvUwU

5. myiv Avj whjhv‡ji AvqvZ msL¨v †m Avgvi D¤§Z bq

mswÿß DËi cÖkœ

1. byb mvwKb I Zvbwe‡bi msw¶ß cwiPq `vI|

2. myiv nvk‡ii †kl wZb Avqv‡Zi cÖ_g AvqvZwUi A_© wj‡Lv|

3. gybvRvZg~jK wZbwU nvw`‡mi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwUi A_©mn e¨vL¨v wj‡Lv|

eY©bvg~jK cÖkœ

1. ˆbwZK I Av`k© Rxeb MV‡b KziAv‡bi f‚wgKv eY©bv Ki|

2. ˆbwZK wk¶vi †¶‡Î nvw`‡mi ¸iyZ¡ eY©bv Ki|

3. myiv Avj K`‡ii A_© I wk¶v eY©bv Ki|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1| B`Mv‡gi nid KqwU?

K. `yB L. Pvi

M. Qq N. c‡b‡iv|


2| cvc I A‰bwZK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ aŸsm Kiv n‡qwQj Ñ

i. Av` RvwZ‡K

ii. Qvgy` RvwZ‡K

iii. ewb BmivBj‡K

†KvbwU mwVK?



wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 3, 4 I 5 b¤i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI

mv`x cÖ_g ighv‡bi w`‡b KziAvb wZjvIqv‡Zi mgq byb mvwKb ev Zvbwe‡bi ci nid Avm‡j H bybmvwKb ev Zvbweb‡K wgg ( ) Øviv cwieZ©b K‡i GK Avwjd ¸bœvnmn c‡ob| Avi wØZxq ighv‡bwZjvIqv‡Zi mgq wgg mvwK‡bi ci ev ( ) Avm‡j H wgg mvwKb‡K Pvi Avwjd ¸bœvnmn c‡ob|

3| mv`xi cÖ_g ighv‡bi wZjvIqvZ‡K Kx wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv hvq?

K. Bhnvi L. B`Mvg

M. BLdv N. BKjve|

4| mv`xi wØZxq ighv‡bi wZjvIqv‡Z Pvi Avwjd ¸bœvni ¯’‡j KZ Avwjd cwigvY ¸bœvnmn cov DwPZ wQj ?

K. GK L. `yB

M. wZb N. cuvP|

5| mv`xi cÖ_g ighv‡bi wZjvIqv‡Zi Rb¨ ciKv‡j cv‡eÑ

i. kvwšÍ

ii. ¯^w¯Í

iii. gyw³

†KvbwU mwVK ?

K. i L. ii I iii

M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii


m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1| Zvwmb I Zvmwbg `yB eÜy| Zviv Df‡qB ighvb gv‡mi †kl wek w`b Bev`‡Z eªZx nIqvi msKí

K‡ib| d‡j Zvwmb ighv‡bi wek ZvwiL n‡Z wbKUeZx© gmwR‡` BwZKv‡di gva¨‡g Bev`Z

e‡›`wM‡Z iZ _v‡Kb| Acic‡ÿ Zvmwbg BwZKv‡d †hvM`vb bv Ki‡jI KziAvb LZg Kivi

gvbwmKZv wb‡q cÖwZ iv‡Z ZvovZvwo I A¯úófv‡e KziAvb wZjvIqvZ K‡ib|

K. Avb&&-byi k‡ãi A_© Kx?

L. ÒAvwhhyb AvjvBwnÓ evK¨wU Bhnv‡ii `„wó‡KvY †_‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|

M. Zvmwb‡gi KziAvb wZjvIqv‡Z kwiq‡Zi †Kvb weavbwU jw•NZ n‡q‡Q? cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Av‡jv‡Ke¨vL¨v Ki|

N. Zvwmb ighv‡bi †kl `k w`‡bi we‡kl c×wZ‡Z Bev`Z Kivi g~j inm¨ myiv Avj-K`‡iiAv‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki|

2| Avjg I mvjvg `yB fvB| Avjg mv‡ne wbqwgZ bvgvh Av`vq K‡ib bv| Z‡e wZwb AvMvgx wbe©vP‡b

cÖwZØw›ØZv Kivi gvb‡m wewfbœ gmwR‡` bvgvh Av`v‡qi gva¨‡g wbe©vPbx cÖPviYv ïiy K‡ib|

Acic‡ÿ mvjvg mv‡ne wbqwgZ bvgvh Av`v‡qi cvkvcvwk †QvU †QvU cvc †_‡KI weiZ _vKvi

AvcÖvY †Póv K‡ib|

K. Bmjvwg kwiq‡Zi cÖavb Drm KqwU?

L. ÒMvdyiyb ivwngybÓ evK¨wU B`Mv‡gi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|

M. Avjg mv‡n‡ei wewfbœ gmwR‡` bvgvh Av`v‡qi gva¨‡g Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. mvjvg mv‡n‡ei cÖ‡PóvwU myiv whj&&hv‡ji Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki|


PZz_© Aa¨q

AvLjvK ( )

gvby‡li ˆ`bw›`b KvRK‡g©i ga¨ w`‡q †h AvPvi-AvPiY I ¯fve-Pwi‡Îi cÖKvk cvq Zv‡K AvLjvKe‡j| AvLjvK ( ) Aviwe kã ÔLyjyKzbÓ ( ) Gi eûePb| hvi A_© PwiÎ ev ¯^fve| gvbe Rxe‡bie¨w³MZ, mvgvwRK Ges AvšÍR©vwZK mKj w`KB AvLjv‡Ki AšÍfy©³|

cÖZ¨vkv Kiv hvq, G Aa¨vq †k‡l wkÿv_x©-

1| m`vPi‡Yi aviYv I KwZcq m`vPi‡Yi ¸iyZ¡¡ I Zvrch© Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

2| Am`vPi‡Yi aviYv I G¸‡jv cwinv‡ii ¸iyZ¡¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

3| Nyl I †PŠh©e„wËi aviYv I cÖwZKv‡ii Dcvq we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

4| mš¿v‡mi aviYv I cÖwZKv‡ii Dcvq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

5| Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z GBPAvBwf Ges GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

cvV 1

AvLjv‡Ki cÖKvi : AvLjvK `yB fv‡M wef³|

1| AvLjv‡K nvwg`vn

gvbeRxe‡bi DËg ¸Yvewj‡K AvLjv‡K nvwg`vn ev cÖksmbxq PwiÎ e‡j| †hgbÑ ˆah©, mZZv, †`k‡cÖg, mgvR

†mev cÖf„wZ| G mKj Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix e¨w³ mgv‡R bw›`Z I m¤§vwbZ|

2| AvLjv‡K hvwggv

gvbeRxe‡bi wbK…ó PwiÎ‡K AvLjv‡K hvwggv ev wb›`bxq PwiÎ e‡j| †hgbÑ AnsKvi, N„Yv, wg_¨vPvi, my`, Nyl,

AkøxjZv cÖf„wZ| G mKj Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix e¨w³ mgv‡R N„wYZ I wbw›`Z|

AvLjv‡Ki ¸iyZ¡¡Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z AvLjv‡Ki ¸iyZ¡¡ me©vwaK| AvLjvKB DbœZ RvwZi Rxebxkw³| †h RvwZi PwiÎ hZ fv‡jv

_v‡K, †m RvwZ ZZ kw³kvjx| †h RvwZi PwiÎ wVK †bB, †m RvwZ c„w_ex‡Z wU‡K _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| mKj bweB

wbR wbR RvwZ‡K DËg Pwi‡Îi wkÿv w`‡q‡Qb| Avi DbœZ PwiÎ‡K c~Y©Zv `v‡bi Rb¨ †kl bwe nhiZ gynv¤§`(m.)-†K Avjøvn ZvAvjv cvwV‡q‡Qb| gnvbwe (m.) e‡jb,

A_© : ÒDËg PwiÎ‡K c~Y©Zv `v‡bi Rb¨ Avgv‡K †cÖiY Kiv n‡q‡Q|Ó (nvwKg)

DËg PwiÎ e¨w³‡K my›ì I DbœZ K‡i| Avi mgv‡Ri mKj gvbyl PwiÎevb e¨w³‡K fv‡jvev‡m I kª×v K‡i|Aciw`‡K PwiÎnxb e¨w³ mK‡ji wbKU N„wYZ I wb›`bxq| hvi PwiÎ hZ DbœZ a‡g©i w`K †_‡KI †m ZZAMÖmi|

bwe Kvwig (m.) e‡jb-

A_© : ÒDËg PwiÎB n‡jv mKj †bK Kv‡Ri g~j K_v|Ó (gymwjg)

PwiÎ gvby‡li f~lY| PwiÎe‡jB gvbyl me©Î mgv`„Z nq| fv‡jv Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix e¨w³ AwaKZi Bgvb`vi nq|

gnvbwe (m.) e‡jb Ñ

A_© : ÒPwi‡Îi wePv‡i †h †jvK DËg, gywgb‡ì g‡a¨ †mB c~Y©Zg Bgv‡bi AwaKvix|Ó (Avey `vD` I `vwiwg)

wKqvg‡Zi w`b cwigvc`‡Ê DËg Pwi‡Îi IRb n‡e AZ¨šÍ fvix|

bwe Kvwig (m.) e‡jb, Ògywg‡bi cwigvc`‡Ê wKqvg‡Zi w`b DËg PwiÎ A‡cÿv fvix wRwbm Avi wKQzB †bB|Ó(wZiwgwh)

DËg PwiÎ gvby‡li cvc‡K LÊb K‡i †`q| bwe Kvwig (m.) e‡jb, ÒDËg PwiÎ cvc‡K Ggbfv‡e weMwjZ K‡i†hgbfv‡e m~h©Zvc eid‡K weMwjZ K‡i|Ó (Zveviwb, evqnvwK)

DËg Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix e¨w³ AvwLiv‡Z Zvi DËg Pwi‡Îi wewbg‡q AZ¨waK gh©v`v jvf Ki‡e| gnvbwe (m.)e‡jb, Òev›`v Zvi DËg Pwi‡Îi e‡j AvwLiv‡Z we‡kl gh©v`v I m¤§vwbZ ¯’v‡b DbœxZ n‡e, hwÌ †m Bev`‡Ziw`K †_‡K `ye©j _v‡K|Ó (Zvevivwb)

Avgiv DËg PwiÎ AR©b Kie| wb›`bxq ¯fve cwinvi Kie| Avgiv `ywbqv‡Z mK‡ji Kv‡Q wcÖq ne| ciKv‡jA‡kl gh©v`v jvf Kie|

KvR : wkÿv_x©iv K‡qKwU `‡j fvM n‡q AvLjv‡L nvwg`vi (m`vPi‡Yi) mydjMy‡jvi GKwU ZvwjKvˆZwi Ki‡e|


cvV 2

KwZcq AvLjv‡K nvwg`vn ( )

âh©

âh© Gi Aviwe cÖwZkã ÔmeiÕ | hvi A_© âh©, mwnòyZv, `„pZv, AvZ¥wbqš¿Y, weiZ ivLv BZ¨vw`|Bmjvwg kwiq‡Zi cwifvlvq Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î gnvb Avjøvni Ici fimv K‡i mwnòzZvi mv‡_Avjøvni weavb †gvZv‡eK mKj KZ©e¨ cvjb Kiv‡K âh© e‡j| KziAvb I nvw`‡mi Av‡jv‡K âh© we‡kølYKi‡j Gi wZbwU we‡kl w`K ¯úó n‡q I‡V|

1| A‰ea I nvivg e¯‘ †_‡K wb‡Ri bdm ev cÖe„wË‡K weiZ ivL‡Z âh©aviY Ki‡Z nq|

2| Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Bev`Z I AvbyM‡Z¨ âh©aviY Ki‡Z nq|

3| †h‡Kv‡bv wec`-Avc‡` âh©aviY Ki‡Z nq|

Zvrch©âh© gvbeRxe‡bi GKwU gnr ¸Y| GwU gvbeRxe‡bi mdjZvi PvweKvwV| â‡h©i Abykxjb Qvov e¨w³MZI mgwóMZ Rxe‡b mvdj¨ AR©b Kiv hvq bv| âh©aviY Kiv LyeB KwVb KvR Z_vwc mgv‡Ri gvby‡liKj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ Zv Kiv Acwinvh©| mgvR Rxe‡b kvwšÍ k„•Ljv I Kj¨vYgq Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ â‡h©i(me‡ii) ¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg| cweÎ KziAv‡b gnvb Avjøvn âh©kxj‡ì AdzišÍ cÖwZ`vb †Ìqvi Iqv`vK‡i‡Qb| gnvb Avjøvn e‡jb,

A_© : ÒAek¨B âh©kxjMY‡K Zv‡ì cÖwZ`vb AMwYZfv‡e †Ìqv n‡e|Ó (myiv hygvi, AvqvZ -10)

â‡h©i wecixZ n‡”Q A‰ah©| A‰ah© gvbyl‡K e¨_©Zvi w`‡K †V‡j †`q| G Kvi‡Y Rxe‡b Pjvi c‡_gvbyl‡K Aek¨B âh©kxj n‡Z n‡e|

gvby‡li Rxe‡b Av‡m myL-`ytL, wec`-Avc`, mdjZv-wedjZv I Rq-civRq| Gme †ÿ‡Î âh©avi‡YicÖ‡qvRb nq| wec‡` †hgb myw`‡bi Avkvq âh©aviY Ki‡Z nq, †Zgwb myw`‡b AvZ¥nviv bv n‡q âh©aviYKi‡Z nq| myLkvwšÍ cÖvwß‡Z Avjøvni K…ZÁZv Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e, Rxe‡b huviv eo n‡q‡Qb Zuviv mevBwQ‡jb âh©kxj| weL¨vZ bwe nhiZ Beivwng (Av.) wQ‡jb â‡h©i g~Z© cÖZxK| hvwjg kvmK bgiy‡ìg~wZ©c~Rvi we‡ivwaZv Kivq wZwb AwMœKy‡Ê wbwÿß n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb Avjøvn Qvov Kv‡iv Kv‡Q mvnvh¨ Pvbwb| Ggwbfv‡e nhiZ AvBqye (Av.)I KwVb `yiv‡ivM¨ e¨vwa‡Z AvµvšÍ n‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi †`‡n cPba‡iwQj| kixi †_‡K †MvkZ L‡m c‡owQj| AvZ¥xq¯^Rb Zuv‡K Z¨vM K‡iwQj| Zuvi mšÍvbvw` gvivwM‡qwQj| Zuvi Nievwo me aŸsm n‡q wM‡qwQj| Ggb KwVb gyn~‡Z©I wZwb âh©nviv nb wb| Avgv‡ì bwenhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)I â‡h©i Pig cixÿvq DËxY© n‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi âh© wQj AZzjbxq| Zuv‡K nZ¨vilohš¿ Kiv n‡qwQj Zey âh© nvivb wb| mKj wec‡`B wZwb wQ‡jb AUj I AwePj|

AvLjvK 83

kwiq‡Zi weavb cvjb Ki‡ZI â‡h©i cÖ‡qvRb nq| ˆ`wbK cuvP Iqv³ mvjvZ Av`vq, ighvb gv‡miwmqvg cvjb, cÖPzi A_© e¨q K‡i nR m¤úv`b, mwÂZ m¤ú‡ì Pwjøk fv‡Mi GK fvM hvKvZ wnmv‡ecÖ`vb BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î cÖPzi âh©aviY Ki‡Z nq|

Ggwbfv‡e e¨w³MZ, mvgvwRK I ivóªxqRxe‡bi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i âh©avi‡Yi f~wgKv LyeB MyiyZ¡c~Y©|

Avgiv mKj wec`vc‡` âh©aviY Kie| wec` gyw³i Rb¨ Avjøvn ZvAvjvi Kv‡Q †`vqv Kie| Avgivâh©kxj ne|

KvR : wkÿv_x©iv K‡qKwU `‡j fvM n‡q âh©avi‡Yi mydjMy‡jvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡e GesDc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

cvV 3

åvZ…Z¡ ( )

cwiPq

DL&IqvZ k‡ãi AvwfavwbK A_© åvZ…Z¡| ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ ü`¨Zv I AvšÍwiKZvi m¤úK©‡K åvZ„Z¡ e‡j|gvby‡li gv‡S G ü`¨Zv I AvšÍwiKZv wewfbœfv‡e M‡o I‡V|

åvZ…Z¡‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡iÑ

1| JimRvZ åvZ…Z¡, 2| wek¦åvZ…Z¡ Ges 3| Bmjvwg åvZ…Z¡|

JimRvZ åvZ…Z¡

GKB wcZvi Ji‡m ev GKB gv‡qi M‡f© Rb¥MÖnY Kivi Kvi‡Y †h åvZ…Z¡ m„wó nq Zv‡K JimRvZåvZ…Z¡ e‡j|

wek¦åvZ…Z¡

c„w_exi mKj gvby‡li Avw` wcZv nhiZ Av`g (Av.) I Avw` gvZv nhiZ nvIqv (Av.)| G Kvi‡Y we‡k¦imKj gvbylB fvB fvB| ax‡i ax‡i gvby‡li msL¨v e„w× cvq| AvenvIqv Ges †fŠ‡MvwjK cwi‡e‡kiKvi‡Y gvby‡li AvKvi-AvK…wZ, ¯fve-cÖK…wZ Ges eY© I fvlvi g‡a¨ wfbœZv †`Lv †`q| Avi Gfv‡e gvbylwewfbœ †Mv‡Î wef³ n‡q c‡o| Zey Zviv ci¯úi fvB fvB| KviY Zviv mevB GK Av`g (Av.) n‡Z m„wó| gnvb Avjøvn e‡jb,

A_© : Ò†n gvbyl! Avwg †Zvgv‡ì m„wó K‡iwQ GK cyiyl I GK bvix †_‡K, c‡i †Zvgv‡ì wef³ K‡iwQwewfbœ RvwZ I †Mv‡Î, hv‡Z †Zvgiv G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡Z cv‡i|Ó (Avj-ûRyivZ, AvqvZ 13)


ivmyj (m.) e‡j‡Qb, Ò†Zvgiv cÖ‡Z‡KB Av`g (Av.) n‡Z Ges Av`g gvwU n‡Z m„wó| (eyLvwi)

G AvqvZ I nvw`‡mi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z mKj gvbyl åvZ…‡Z¡i eÜ‡b Ave×|

Bmjvwg åvZ…Z¡

Avjøvni wbKU GKgvÎ g‡bvbxZ ag© Bmjvg, Bmjv‡gi g~jevYx, Avjøvn Qvov †Kv‡bv gvey` bvB nhiZgynv¤§` (m.) Avjøvni ivmyj| hviv GB Kvwjgvq wek¦vmx Zviv †h †Kv‡bv eY©, †MvÎ, fvlv I AÂ‡ji

AwaKvix †nvK bv †Kb, Zviv Bmjvwg åvZ…‡Z¡i eÜ‡b Ave×| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb,

A_© : ÒwbðqB gywgbMY fvB fvB|Ó (Avj-ûRyivZ, AvqvZ 10)

nvw`‡m ivmyj (m.) e‡jb,

A_©: Ògymjgvb gymjgv‡bi fvB|Ó (eyLvix I gymwjg)

Bmjvwg åvZ…‡Z¡i Zvrch©

Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z mKj gvbyl mgvb| Bmjv‡g DuPz-wbPz, mv`v-Kv‡jv, abx-`wi‡ ªi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv †f`v‡f`†bB| Avjøvn I ivmy‡ji cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kivi ci we‡k¦i mKj gymjgvb ci¯ú‡ii fvB| GKB`xbm~‡Î Ave×| gnvbwe (m.) e‡jb, ÒAbvieM‡Yi Ici †hgb AvieM‡Yi †kªôZ¡ †bB, †ZgwbAvieM‡Yi IciI AbvieM‡Yi †Kv‡bv †kªôZ¡ †bB|Ó Bmjvwg åvZ…Z¡ GZB my`„p †h, Avjøvni ivmyj (m.)c„w_exi mKj Bgvb`viMY‡K GKwU †`‡ni mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| †`‡ni †Kv‡bv GKwU A‡½ AmyL n‡j†hgb cy‡iv †`n Amy¯’ n‡q c‡o, †Zgwb c„w_exi †Kv‡bv GKcÖv‡šÍ GKRb gymwjg wec‡` cwZZ n‡jmKj gymjgv‡bi AšÍi e¨w_Z nq| †Kv‡bv gymjgvb fvB‡K Kó †Ìqv hv‡e bv| GgbwU hw` KL‡bvci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv Kjn m„wó nq ZLb Aci gymjgvb fvB‡qiv Zv wgwU‡q w`‡q kvwšÍ cÖwZôv Ki‡e|†Kv‡bv gymjgvb wb‡Ri Rb¨ hv cQ›` K‡i, Aci gymjgvb fvB‡qi R‡bÏ Zv cQ›` Ki‡e Ab¨_vq †mcÖK…Z gymjgvb n‡Z cvi‡e bv| wcÖq bwe (m.) e‡jb, ÒgywgbMY ci¯úi wg‡j GKwU BgviZ¯î~c, GiGK Ask Aci Ask‡K gReyZ K‡i iv‡L|Ó (eyLvwi I gymwjg)

Avgiv ci¯úi åvZ…Z¡ eÜ‡b Ave× _vKe| my‡L`yt‡L G‡K Ac‡ii m‡½ kwiK _vKe|

KvR : wkÿv_x©iv K‡qKwU `‡j fvM n‡q Bmjvwg åvZ…‡Z¡i mydjMy‡jv wj‡L †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿK‡K†`Lv‡e|

AvLjvK 85

cvV 4

bvixi gh©v`v

cwiPqBmjv‡g bvix‡K h_v‡hvM¨ gh©v`v †Ìqv n‡q‡Q | c„w_exi Avw` cyiyl nhiZ Av`g (Av.) Ges Avw` bvixwewe nvIqv (Av.)| Avi G `yBRb †_‡K c„w_exi mKj bi-bvixi m„wó| Bmjv‡g bi I bvix Df‡qimggh©v`v ¯^xK…Z| gvZv, Kb¨v, fMœx, ¯¿x cÖf„wZ wn‡m‡e mgv‡R bvix‡ì †h we‡kl AwaKvi I ¯’vbi‡q‡Q Zv h_vh_fv‡e cÖwZwôZ Ki‡j bvixi gh©v`v mgybœZ n‡e|

Bmjv‡g bvixi gh©v`v

Bmjvg GKgvÎ ag© hv‡Z bvix-cyiy‡li g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv êlg¨ bv K‡i bvix‡K cyiy‡li mggh©v`v †Ìqvn‡q‡Q| cÖvPxb Avie mgv‡R bvixi Ae¯’v wQj KiyY| †mLv‡b Kb¨vmšÍvb Rb¥ wb‡j wcZv-gvZv AmšÍyón‡Zv| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv m¤cÖ`vq Kb¨vmšÍvb‡K RxweZ Kei w`Z|

KziAvb gvwR‡` G m¤ú‡K© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q- Ò†mB mgv‡Ri KvD‡K Zvi Kb¨vmšÍvb Rb¥ nIqvi mymsev` †Ìqvn‡j mvivw`b Zvi gyL Kv‡jv n‡q _vKZ| †m ÿzä n‡Zv Ges g‡b g‡b `ytL Abyfe KiZ| G mymsev‡ìj¾vi ìyY Ab¨ †jvK‡ì †_‡K gyL jywK‡q PjZ| †m wPšÍv Ki‡Zv Acgvb mn¨ K‡i †g‡q‡K euvwP‡q ivL‡e;bvwK gvwUi Zjvq cuy‡Z †dj‡e; KZB bv Lvivc wm×všÍ Zviv MÖnY KiZ|Ó (myiv bvnj, AvqvZ 58)

gnvbwe (m.)-Gi Avwef©v‡ei ci bvix wd‡i cvq cyiy‡li mggh©v`v| Bmjv‡g ejv n‡q‡Q-

A_© : Ògv‡qi c`Z‡j mšÍv‡bi †e‡nkZ|Ó (bvmvwq)

bwe Kvwig (m.)-Gi GKwU nvw`‡m wcZv A‡cÿv gv‡qi AwaKvi †ewk e‡j D‡jøL Av‡Q| Avjøvni m„wówn‡m‡e bvix cyiy‡li mgvb gh©v`vi AwaKvix| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb-

A_© : ÒwbðqB Avwg bó K‡i †`B bv †Zvgv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K †Kv‡bv AvgjKvixi Avgj‡K, †m cyiylB †nvKAvi bvixB †nvK, †Zvgiv G‡K Ac‡ii Ask|Ó (myiv Av‡j Bgivb, 195)

Bmjv‡g ¯vgxi msmv‡i ¯¿xi we‡kl gh©v`v ¯^xK…Z| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb-

A_© : ÒZviv (¯¿xiv) †Zvgv‡ì f~lY Avi †Zvgiv (¯^vgxiv) Zv‡ì f~lY|Ó (myiv Avj&-evKviv, AvqvZ 187)


gnvb Avjøvn AviI †NvlYv K‡ib,

A_© : Òbvix‡ì †Zgwb b¨vqmsMZ AwaKvi Av‡Q †hgb Av‡Q Zv‡ì Ici cyiyl‡ì|Ó (myiv Avj&-evKviv, AvqvZ 228)

bvix‡ì AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb _vKvi e¨vcv‡i gnvbwe (m.) we`vq n‡Ri fvl‡Y e‡jb,

A_© : Ò†Zvgiv bvix‡ì e¨vcv‡i Avjøvn‡K fq Ki| †Kbbv †Zvgiv Avjøvni mv‡_ A½xKvive× n‡qZv‡ì MÖnY K‡iQ|Ó (gymwjg)

m¤úwË jv‡fi †ejvqI Bmjvg bvix‡K wcZv I ¯vgxi Df‡qi m¤úwËi AwaKvwiYx K‡i‡Q| cÖ‡qvRbxqwe`¨vR©b Ges A_© DcvR©‡b Bmjvg bvix‡ì AbygwZ `vb K‡i‡Q|

Avgiv G cv‡V Rvbjvg

1| bvixi gh©v`v|

2| bvixi AwaKvi Av`v‡qi e¨vcv‡i gnvbwe (m.)-Gi ZvwM`|

Avgiv bvixmgvR‡K h_vh_ gh©v`v †è| Zv‡ì AwaKvi Av`v‡qi e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb _vKe|

KvR : wkÿv_x©iv K‡qKwU `‡j fvM n‡q bvix‡ì Bmjvg Kxfv‡e gh©v`v w`‡q‡Q Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwiKi‡e|

cvV 5

mgvR‡mev ( )cwiPqmgv‡Ri ewÂZ Rb‡Mvôxi Kj¨v‡Y †¯^”Qvq M„nxZ KvR‡K mgvR‡mev e‡j| e¨vcK A‡_© gvbeKj¨vY IDbœq‡bi Rb¨ M„nxZ mKj Kg©m~wPB mgvR‡mev bv‡g cwiwPZ|

Zvrch©mgv‡R bvbv †kÖwY I †ckvi †jvK evm K‡i| Zviv mK‡j mgvb bq| Zv‡ì my‡hvM-myweavI mgvb bq|†KD wecyj m¤ú‡ì AwaKvix Avevi †KD Kc`©Knxb| m¤ú`kvjx e¨w³MY Afvex Rb‡Mvôxi Dbœq‡bIZuv‡ì m¤ú` e¨q Ki‡e| mgv‡Ri Ae‡nwjZ gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y cÖwZôvb Mo‡e| GUvB Bmjv‡gi wb‡`©k|gnvb Avjøvn e‡jb-

A_© : ÒGes Zv‡ì (abx‡ì) ab-m¤ú‡` i‡q‡Q AfveMÖ¯Í I ewÂ‡Zi nK|Ó (Avj& hvwiqvZ,AvqvZ 19)

A_©kvjx e¨w³ mgv‡Ri Ae‡nwjZ gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y Ggb cÖwZôvb Mo‡e, †h cÖwZôv‡b Afvex †jv‡KivKvR K‡i Zv‡ì Avw_©K mgm¨vi myivnv Ki‡e| euvPvi Aej¤b Luy‡R cv‡e| MÖv‡gi Dbœq‡bi weivU evavn‡”Q MÖv‡gi gvby‡li wbiÿiZv, AÁZv I Kzms¯‹vi| AÁZv I wbiÿiZv GKwU eo Awfkvc| Gme

AvLjvK 87

evav `~i Kivi Rb¨ MÖv‡g-M‡Ä wkÿvcÖwZôvb M‡o †Zvjvmn Kj¨vYg~jK cÖwZôvb M‡o †ZvjvmgvR‡mevg~jK KvR|

mgvR‡K Awkÿv I wbiÿiZvi nvZ †_‡K gy³ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ Avjøvn ZvAvjv KziAvb gvwR‡` e‡jb-

A_© : ÒcvV Ki †Zvgvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki bv‡g, whwb m„wó K‡i‡Qb|Ó (myiv AvjvK, AvqvZ 1)

nvw`‡m ejv n‡q‡QÑ

A_© : ÒÁvb A‡š^&lY Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K gymjgv‡bi Ici dih|Ó (Be‡b gvRv I evqnvwK)

miKvwi I †emiKvwi Dfq cÖKvi D‡`¨v‡M wkÿvcÖwZôvb M‡o †Zvjv n‡j mgvR †_‡K wbiÿiZv `~in‡e| mgvR ms‡kvabg~jK cÖwZwU Kvh©µgB mgvR‡mevi AšÍfy©³| mgv‡R †Kv‡bv wek„•Ljv ev †Mvj‡hvMm„wó n‡j Zv `~i Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY wek„•Ljv mgv‡Ri cwi‡ek‡K bó K‡i| Avjøvn Zvqvjv e‡jb

A_© : ÒwdZ&bv (wek„•Ljv) nZ¨v A‡cÿv ¸iyZi|Ó (myiv Avj&-evKviv, AvqvZ 191)

mvgvwRK wbivcËv iÿv Kiv, ci¯ú‡ii Kjn I ØÜ †gUv‡bv mgvR‡mevi AšÍfz©³| Avjøvn ZvAvjve‡jb-

Ògywgb‡ì `yB `j Ø‡š^ wjß n‡j Zv‡ì g‡a¨ gxgvsmv K‡i `vI|Ó (myiv Avj& ûRyivZ, AvqvZ 9)

me©¯Í‡ii RbM‡Yi DcKv‡i Av‡m Ggb me Kv‡Ri Af¨vm †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB Kiv ìKvi| †hgbÑ fvOviv¯Ív †givgZ Kiv, bZzb iv¯Ív wbg©v‡Y mvnvh¨ Kiv, cyj-muv‡Kv wbg©vY Kiv, iyM&Y e¨w³i †mev Kiv, AvnZe¨w³‡K wPwKrmv‡K‡›`ª †cŠu‡Q †Ìqv, iv¯Ívi cv‡k Qvqv`vi e„ÿ †ivcY Kiv, e„ÿ msiÿY Kiv BZ¨vw`|

Rb‡mev Øviv Avjøvn ZvAvjvi mvnvh¨ jvf Kiv hvq| ivmyjyjøvn (m.) e‡jb, ÒAvjøvn ev›`v‡K ZZÿYmvnvh¨ K‡ib, hZÿY ev›`v Zvi fvB‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z _v‡K|Ó (gymwjg)

Aviwe‡Z GKwU cÖev` evK¨ Av‡Q

A_© : ÒRvwZi †bZv wZwbB whwb Zv‡ì †meK|Ó

mgvR †mev gvbweK `vwqZ¡| Avgiv mgv‡Ri †mev Kie| mgvR‡K fv‡jv K‡i M‡o Zyje| me©¯Í‡iigvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y AvZ¥wb‡qvM Kie| gvbe †mevi gva¨‡g Avjøvni mšÍywó jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ wbôv IAvšÍwiKZvi mv‡_ mgvR‡mev Kie|

KvR : wkÿv_x©iv K‡qKwU `‡j fvM n‡q mgvR‡mevg~jK Kv‡Ri GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i †kÖwYwkÿK‡K†`Lv‡e|


Ñ

cvV 6

†`k‡cÖg ( )

cwiPqRb¥f~wgi cÖwZ gvby‡li AšÍ‡i GKwU ¯^vfvweK AvKl©Y m„wó nq Ges fv‡jvevmv Rb¥vq| µgvš^‡q GAvKl©Y ev fv‡jvevmv we¯Í…wZ jvf K‡i mgMÖ †`k, †`‡ki gvwU I †`‡ki RbM‡bi cÖwZ| gvZ…f‚wg Z_v†`‡ki cÖwZ G cÖxwZ I ì‡ì AvKl©Y‡KB †`k‡cÖg e‡j|

†`k‡cÖg gvbeRxe‡bi GKwU gnr ¸Y| †`k‡cÖ‡gi g~‡jB Av‡Q †`‡ki f~LÊ‡K fv‡jvevmv|

†`‡ki RbMY‡K fv‡jvevmv, †`‡ki ¯vaxbZv I ¯KxqZv iÿv Ges †`‡ki BwZnvm, HwZn¨, cÖ_v, ixwZ-bxwZ, agx©q g~j¨‡eva I ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZ kÖ×v I m¤§vb Kiv KZ©e¨|

¸iyZ¡¡†`k‡cÖ‡gi ¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg| Bmjvg †`k‡cÖ‡gi cÖwZ we‡kl ¸iyZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q| gnvbwe (m.) ZuviRb¥f~~wg g°v‡K AšÍi w`‡q fv‡jvevm‡Zb, g°vi Awaevmx‡ì fv‡jvevm‡Zb| Zv‡ì wn`vqv‡Zi Rb¨wZwb AgvbywlK AZ¨vPvi mn¨ K‡ib| Kvwdi‡ì AZ¨vPv‡i mvnvweMY‡K gnvbwe (m.) AvwewmwbqvqwnRi‡Zi AbygwZ cÖ`vb Ki‡jI wZwb g°vq Ae¯’vb K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z Kvwdi‡ì KwVb loh‡š¿iKvi‡Y Ges Avjøvn ZvAvjvi wb‡`©‡k wZwb hLb gw`bvq wnRiZ K‡ib, ZLb g°vi w`‡K evi evi wd‡iZvKvb, Avi KvZi K‡É e‡jb-

Ò†n Avgvi ¯^‡`k! Zzwg KZ my›ì! Avwg †Zvgv‡K fv‡jvevwm| Avgvi Avcb †MvÎxq †jv‡Kiv hw` lohš¿bv KiZ, Avwg KL‡bv †Zvgv‡K †Q‡o †hZvg bv|Ó

mvnvweMYI ¯^‡`k g°v‡K Lye fv‡jvevm‡Zb| gw`bvq wnRi‡Zi ci nhiZ Avey eKi (iv.) Ges nhiZwejvj (iv.) KwVb R¡‡i AvµvšÍ nb| ZLb Zuviv g°vi Z…YjZv, cvnvo-ce©Z Ges cvwbi ¯§iY K‡iKweZv Ave„wË Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| ivmyjyjøvn (m.) mvnvweM‡Yi G Ae¯’v †`‡L e‡jb,

Ò†n Avjøvn! Avgiv g°v‡K †hi~c fv‡jvevwm, Z`ª~c A_ev Zvi †P‡qI AwaKfv‡e Avcwb Avgv‡ì AšÍ‡igw`bvi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv `vb Kiyb|Ó (eyLvwi)

†`k‡cÖg gvbyl‡K †`k iÿvq DØy× K‡i| †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ iÿvq †`k‡cÖwgK wb‡RiRvbgvj DrmM© Ki‡ZI KzÉv‡eva K‡i bv|

ivmyjyjøvn (m.) e‡jb, Ò†`kiÿvq GKw`b GK iv‡Zi cÖniv (wievZ) µgvMZ GK gv‡mi †ivhv GesmvivivZ Bev`‡Z KvwU‡q †Ìqv A‡cÿvI DËg|Ó (gymwjg)

AvLjvK 89

ejv nqÑ

A_© : Ò†`k‡cÖg Bgv‡bi A½|Ó

†`k‡cÖg gvbyl‡K `vwqZ¡ m‡PZb K‡i †Zv‡j| †`‡ki DbœwZmva‡b mRvM iv‡L| †`‡ki m¤ú` msiÿ‡YDØy× K‡i|

Avgiv Avgv‡ì †`k‡K fv‡jvevme, †`‡ki DbœwZ Kie| †`‡ki ¯vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ iÿv Kie|

KvR : wkÿv_x©iv K‡qKwU `‡j fvM n‡q Kxfv‡e †`k‡K fv‡jvevmv hvq Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e|

cvV 7

cigZmwnòzzZv

cwiPqcigZ ej‡Z eySvq Ac‡ii gZ, c_ ev Av`k©, †mUv agx©q n‡Z cv‡i Ges Av`wk©KI n‡Z cv‡i| AveviivR‰bwZKI n‡Z cv‡i| A‡bï gZvgZ‡K AeÁv bv K‡i h_vh_ ¸iyZ¡ †Ìqv ev A‡bï gZ ev Av`‡k©icÖwZ kÖ×v‡K cigZmwnòzzZv e‡j|

A‡bï agx©q gZvgZ ev ivR‰bwZK gZv`‡k©i cÖwZ mnbkxj I m¤§vbRbK g‡bvfve †cvlY Kiv‡KcigZmwnòzzZv e‡j| cigZmwnòzzZv gvbePwi‡Îi cÖksmbxq ¸Y| G ¸YwUi Kvi‡YB mgv‡R kvwšÍ,k„•Ljv I m¤cÖxwZ eRvq _v‡K| G ¸YwUi Kvi‡YB gvbyl Zvi wbR¯^ cwi‡e‡k my‡L-kvwšÍ‡Z emevmKi‡Z cv‡i| wkÿvcÖwZôv‡bi wk¶v_©x‡ì g‡a¨ m™¢ve eRvq _v‡K| †mŠnv`© I m¤úªxwZi m„wó nq| wkÿKI wk¶v_©x‡ì g‡aÏ m™¢ve eRvq _v‡K|

¸iyZ¡

cvwievwiK kvwšÍ jvf

GKwU my¯’ I my›ì cvwievwiK Rxe‡bi Rb¨ cigZmwnòzzZvi ¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg| cvwievwiK Rxe‡bi myLkvwšÍ Gi Dci wbf©ikxj| cwiev‡ii Ab¨ m`‡mï gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ kÖ×v cÖ`k©b ev mnvbyf~wZi g‡bvfve†cvlY Kivi gva¨‡g cvwievwiK kvwšÍ jvf Kiv hvq|

mvgvwRK kvwšÍ cÖwZôv

cvwievwiK myL-kvwšÍi g‡Zv mvgvwRK myL-kvwšÍI cigZmwnòzzZvi Ici wbf©ikxj| mgv‡R wewfbœgZv`‡k©i †jvK _vK‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡ì mv‡_ mg‡SvZv I mngwg©Zv cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv‡ì g‡Zi cÖwZmwnòzzZvi g‡bvfve †cvlY Ki‡j kvwšÍ eRvq _vK‡e| RvwZ, ag©, eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mKj gvby‡li gZvgZ IAv`‡k©i cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡jB mvgvwRK kvwšÍ cÖwZôv m¤¢e|


ivóªxq kvwšÍk„•Ljv iÿv

cigZmwnòzzZvi Ici ivóªxq kvwšÍk„•Ljv wbf©ikxj| GKwU †`‡k bvbv ag©, eY© I g‡Zi †jvK emevm

K‡i| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK †mŠnv`©, m¤úªxwZ, mg‡SvZv I mnve¯’v‡bi Rb¨ cigZmwnòzzZv Acwinvh©|

AvšÍR©vwZK ¯’xwZkxjZv

cigZmwnòzzZvi Kvi‡YB AvšÍivóªxq m¤úK© M‡o I‡V| Gi Afv‡e cvi¯úwiK mnve¯’vb KwVb n‡q hvq|AvšÍivóªxq m¤úK© jv‡fi cÖavb c~e©kZ© cigZmwnòzzZvi Av`k©| wfbœ †`k I mgv‡Ri Av`k©, ixwZbxwZ IAvB‡bi cÖwZ kÖ×v I m¤§vb _vK‡j AvšÍR©vwZK m¤úK© ¯’vcb I cvi¯úwiK ¯^v_©iÿv m¤¢e nq|

KvR : wkÿv_x©iv K‡qKwU `‡j fvM n‡q cigZmwnòzzZvi mydjMy‡jvi GKwU ZvwjKv †cv÷v‡i wj‡L†kÖwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

cvV 8

AvLjv‡K hvwggv ( )

cwiPq

†h Lvivc KvR ev AvPiY gvbyl‡K nxb I wb›`bxq K‡i †Zv‡j Zv‡K AvLjv‡K hvwggv ev wb›`bxq PwiÎ

e‡j| †hgbÑ AnsKvi, Nyl, AkøxjZv, cikÖxKvZiZv, N„Yv, †PŠh©e„wË BZ¨vw`|

AcKvwiZv

AvLjv‡K hvwggvi Kvi‡Y Hme e¨w³ mgvR Rxe‡b wb›`bxq nq| Zviv gvby‡li fv‡jvevmv †_‡K ewÂZnq| Zv‡ì Øviv mgv‡Ri kvwšÍ-k„•Ljv wewNœZ nq| Ab¨vq I Amr Kv‡Ri cÖmvi N‡U| Zviv Avjøvn Iivmy‡ji AwcÖq nq| ciKv‡j RvbœvZ †_‡K ewÂZ nq|

ZvB Avgv‡ì mKj‡K AvLjv‡K hvwggv ev wb›`bxq PwiÎ †_‡K `~‡i _vK‡Z n‡e| Gi d‡j mgv‡RkvwšÍ-k„•Ljv eRvq _vK‡e, cwi‡ek n‡e my›ì, gvby‡li m¤§vb I fv‡jvevmv jvf Kiv m¤¢e n‡e|

KvR : wkÿv_x©iv K‡qKwU `‡j fvM n‡q AvLjv‡K hvwggvi AcKvwiZv m¤ú‡K© GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwiKi‡e|

AvLjvK 91

cvV 9

AnsKvi

cwiPqAnsKvi k‡ãi A_© AnwgKv, AvwgZ¡, Me©, `c©, `¤¢, eovB, wb‡R‡K eo fvev BZ¨vw`| wb‡R‡K A‡bïZzjbvq eo MY¨ Kiv Ges Ab¨‡K Zz”QI wbK„ó g‡b Kiv‡K AnsKvi ejv nq| †h AnsKvi K‡i Zv‡KAnsKvix e‡j| AnsKvix e¨w³ wewfbœ w`K †_‡K wb‡R‡K Ab¨‡ì Ici cÖvavb¨ †`q Ges wb‡R‡KAb¨‡ì Zzjbvq DËg g‡b K‡i|

AnsKv‡ii KvR wZbwU

1| AšÍ‡i AnsKvi †cvlY Kiv|

2| PvjPjb I Kg©Kv‡Êi gva¨‡g AnsKvi cÖKvk Kiv|

3| K_vevZ©vq AnsKvi cÖKvk Kiv|

gvbyl esk, m¤ú`, †mŠ›`h©, kw³, mvg_©¨ BZ¨vw` wel‡q AnsKvi K‡i _v‡K| †hgb abx I m¤ú`kvjxig‡a¨ A‡_©i †MŠie, ¯¿x‡jvK‡ì g‡a¨ †mŠ›`‡h©i eovB Ges ÿgZvevb‡ì g‡a¨ ÿgZvi `¤¢, weØvb†jvK‡ì g‡a¨ we`¨vi Me© BZ¨vw`|

AcKvwiZv

AnsKv‡ii Kzdj A‡bK Ges Gi AcKvwiZv eY©bvZxZ| AnsKv‡ii Kvi‡YB Bewjm Awfkß n‡qRvbœvZ †_‡K weZvwoZ n‡q‡Q| G m¤ú‡K© gnvb Avjøvni evYx :

ÒZzwg G ¯’vb n‡Z †b‡g hvI| G ¯’v‡b †_‡K AnsKvi Ki‡e Zv n‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs †ei n‡q hvI|wbðqB Zzwg Aag‡ì AšÍf©z³|Ó (myiv Avj Avivd, AvqvZ 13)

AnsKvix e¨w³ `ywbqv I AvwLiv‡Z N„wYZ| Avjøvni Kv‡Q AcQ›`Yxq |

Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb,

A_© : Òwbðq Avjøvn †Kv‡bv D×Z AnsKvix‡K cQ›` K‡ib bv|Ó ( myiv jyKgvb, AvqvZ 18)

gnvbwe (m.) G wel‡q e‡jb,


A_© : Òhvi AšÍ‡i mvgvb¨ cwigvY AnsKvi Av‡Q, †m Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e bv|Ó (gymwjg)

cÖwZwU gvby‡li †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv Afve Av‡Q| myZivs AnsKvi Kiv Zvi Rb¨ †kvfv cvq bv| AnsKvi ïayZuviB †kvfv cvq, hvi †Kv‡bv Afve †bB| ivmyjyjøvn (m.) e‡jb,ÒAvjøvn ZvAvjv e‡j‡Qb, AnsKvi Avgvi f~lY|Ó (gymwjg)Avgiv AnsKvi eR©b Kie| †Kbbv gvby‡li †Kv‡bv wRwbm wb‡qB AnsKvi Kivi AeKvk †bB|Avgiv G cv‡V wkLjvg, AnsKvi cZ‡bi g~j| AnsKvix Awfkß| Avgiv AnsKvi Kie bv|

KvR : wkÿv_x©iv K‡qKwU `‡j fvM n‡q Kx Kx KvR Ki‡j AnsKvi Kiv nq Gi GKwU ZvwjKvˆZwi K‡i wkÿK‡K †`Lv‡e|

cvV 10

AkøxjZv

cwiPqAkøxjZv A_© RNb¨Zv, K`h©Zv, wbj©¾Zv, Af`ªZv I †hŠb welqK KzrwmZ AvPiY| AkøxjZvi Øvivwbj©¾ I KziywPc~Y© K_v I KvR‡K eySv‡bv nq| GQvov †hme KzKg© a„óZvmnKv‡i cÖKv‡k¨ Kiv nq†m¸‡jv‡KI Akøxj ejv nq|

Kzdj

AkøxjZv GKwU eo Aciva| GUv mgv‡Ri kvwšÍ-k„•Ljv bó K‡i| mgvR‡K KjywlZ K‡i| wb®úvc I†KvgjgwZ QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i PwiÎ nbb K‡i hyeK-hyeZx‡`i KzK‡g©i cÖwZ cÖjyä K‡i|

Avjøvn ZvAvjv AkøxjZv‡K nvivg †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| Avjøvn e‡jb,

Òejyb, Avgvi cÖwZcvjK wbwl× K‡i‡Qb cÖKvk¨ I †Mvcb AkøxjZv|Ó (Avj& Avivd, AvqvZ 33)

Avjøvn ZvAvjv AviI e‡jb,

ÒcÖKvk¨ wKsev †Mvcb Akøxj AvPi‡Yi wbK‡UI hv‡e bv|Ó (Avj& AvbAvg, AvqvZ 151)

Akøxj AvPiYKvix mK‡ji wbKU N„wYZ| ivmyjyjøvn (m.) e‡jb-

Òhvi g‡a¨ AkøxjZv Av‡Q, Zv Zv‡K ÎywUhy³ K‡i| Avi hvi g‡a¨ j¾vkxjZv Av‡Q, Zv Zv‡K†mŠ›`h©gwÊZ K‡i|Ó (wZiwgwh)

AkøxjZv gvby‡li cvi‡jŠwKK Rxeb‡K `ytmn K‡i †Zv‡j| ivmyjyjøvn (m.) e‡jb-

A_© : ÒcÖ‡Z¨K Akøxj AvPiYKvixi Rb¨ Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek nvivg|Ó (Kvbhyj D¤§vj)

AvLjvK 93

AkøxjZv Z¨vM Kiv gywgb ev›`vi GKwU Ab¨Zg êwkó¨| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb,

A_© : ÒZvivB (gywgb) hviv ¸iyZi cvc I Akøxj Kvh© †_‡K †eu‡P _v‡K|Ó (myiv Avm-k~iv, AvqvZ 37)

cÖwZKvi1. Bmjv‡gi bxwZ I Av`‡k©i Abykxjb,

2. cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK m‡PZbZv M‡o †Zvjv Ges

3. m‡PZbZvi cvkvcvwk AvBwb cÖwZKv‡ii eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g `„óvšÍg~jK kvw¯Íi eë¯_v Kiv|

Akøxj K_v, Kg© I Aciva‡K mevB N„Yv K‡i| AkøxjZv, Amf¨Zv I ee©iZvi cÖZxK| Akøxj AvPiY IKg© †_‡K Avgiv weiZ _vKe, Ab¨‡KI weiZ _vK‡Z AbycÖvwYZ Kie|

KvR : wkÿv_x©iv K‡qKwU `‡j fvM n‡q AkøxjZvi cÖwZKvi m¤ú‡K© Aby‡”Q` wj‡L wk¶K‡K†`Lv‡e|

cvV 11

cikÖxKvZiZv ( )

cikªxKvZiZv A_© A‡bï DbœwZ I †mŠfvM¨ †`‡L Clv© cÖKvk Kiv| A_©vr Kv‡iv ab-†`ŠjZ, m¤§vb, fv‡jvdj ev D”P gh©v`v †`‡L Clv©wš^Z nIqv Ges Zvi aŸsm Kvgbv Kiv‡K cikªxKvZiZv ejv nq|

KzdjcikªxKvZiZv GKwU gvivZ¥K gvbwmK e¨vwa| G e¨vwa eû Kvi‡Y m„wó nq| †hgb kÎyZv, AnsKvi,wb‡Ri Am`y‡Ïk¨ bó nIqvi AvksKv, †bZ…‡Z¡i †jvf BZ¨vw`| Gme Kvi‡Y GK e¨w³ Aci e¨w³i cÖwZwnsmv we‡Øl K‡i _v‡K| Bmjvg G KvR¸‡jv nvivg †NvlYv K‡i‡Q| cikªxKvZiZvi AcKvwiZvmxgvnxb| nhiZ Av`g (Av.)-Gi c`gh©v`v †`‡L Bewjm Zvi cÖwZ Clv©wšZ nq| d‡j †m Awfkß nqGes Avjøvn ZvAvjvi `qv †_‡K ewÂZ nq|

gvbe m„wói ci Clv©i Kvi‡YB me©cÖ_g cvc msNwUZ nq| Av`g (Av.)-Gi cyÎ Kvwej cikªxKvZiZviekeZx© n‡q ZviB Avcb fvB nvwej‡K nZ¨v K‡i| cikªxKvZiZv gvby‡li cyY¨ KvR¸‡jv‡K aŸsm K‡i†`q| G m¤ú‡K© gnvbwe (m.) e‡j‡Qb,

A_© : ÒAv¸b †hgb ïKbv KvV‡K R¡vwj‡q QvB K‡i †`q cikªxKvZiZv †ZgbB cyY¨‡K aŸsm K‡i †`q|Ó(gymbvw` wknve)


cikªxKvZiZv gvby‡li kvwšÍ webó K‡i| g‡b AkvwšÍi Av¸b R¡vwj‡q iv‡L| cikªxKvZi e¨w³ AvjøvnGes gvby‡li Kv‡Q N„wYZ| †KD Zv‡K fv‡jvev‡m bv| †KD Zv‡K eÜy wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i bv| mgv‡Ri†jv‡Kiv Zv‡K Gwo‡q P‡j| cikªxKvZiZv mgv‡R SMov-dvmv`, gvivgvwi I AkvwšÍ m„wó K‡i| gvby‡lig‡b AnsKvi m„wó nq| AnsKvi gvby‡li cZb NUvq|

Avjøvn Zvqvjv KyiAvb gvwR‡` cikªxKvZiZv †_‡K †eu‡P _vKvi wkÿv w`‡q‡Qb| KziAv‡b ewY©Z n‡q‡Q ,

A_© : ÒAvi wnsmy‡Ki (cikªxKvZiZvi) Awbó †_‡K AvkÖq PvB hLb †m wnsmv K‡i|Ó (myiv dvjvK,AvqvZ 5)

Avjøvn Zvqvjv wnsmv eR©bKvix‡K fv‡jvev‡mb| wnsmv eR©bKvix RvbœvZ jvf Ki‡eb| wcÖq bwe (m.)GKevi Zvi GK mvnvwe‡K RvbœvwZ e‡j †NvlYv †`b| wZwb Kx Avgj K‡ib G m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám Kiv n‡j,wZwb (mvnvwe) e‡jb Avjøvn Zvqvjv hv‡K †Kv‡bv DËg e¯‘ `vb K‡i‡Qb Avwg Zvi cÖwZ KLbB wnsmv†cvlY Kwi bv| (Be‡b gvRvn)

Avgv‡`i cÖwZÁv

Avgiv cikªxKvZi ne bv| wb‡Ri cZb wb‡R †W‡K Avbe bv| wnsmv Kie bv| mgv‡Ri kvwšÍ webó Kiebv

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv cikªxKvZiZvi Kzd‡ji GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i †kÖwYK‡ÿi †ev‡W© Szwj‡q †`‡e|

cvV 12

N„Yv ( )

cwiPqN„Yv A_© AeÁv, AcQ›`, D‡cÿv, Zvw”Qj¨, Zz”Q Ávb Kiv| KvD‡K Zz”Q g‡b K‡i Zv‡K mn¨ Ki‡Z bvcviv Ges Zvi †_‡K `~‡i m‡i _vKv‡KB cwifvlvq N„Yv e‡j|

AnsKvi, kÎyZv, c`gh©v`vi wjáv cÖf„wZ Kvi‡Y N„Yvi D‡`ªK N‡U| N„Yv Kiv Ab¨vq Z‡e †ÿÎwe‡kl N„YvGKwU gvbexq ¸Y| †hgb g›` Kv‡R N„Yv Kiv cÖksmbxq| mgv‡R Pzwi, WvKvwZ, nvBR¨vK, my`, Nyl, g`,Ryqv, Akø-xjZv, †envqvcbv, †n‡ivBb †meb BZ¨vw` N„wYZ KvR| G¸‡jv‡K N„Yv Kiv GKRb gywg‡biˆewkó¨| Z‡e g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e cvc KvR‡K N„Yv Kie cvcx‡K bq|

AvLjvK 95

Kzdj

A‡bK †ÿ‡Î N„Yv GKwU gnv ¸iyZi e¨vwa| G‡Z eÜz‡Z¡i g‡a¨ dvUj a‡i| mgv‡R AkvwšÍ m„wó nq|N„YvKvix KL‡bv g‡b kvwšÍ jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡Z Zvi Bn‡jŠwKK I cvi‡jŠwKK ÿwZ mvwaZ nq|

gnvbwe (m.) e‡jb,

A_©: Òc~e©eZx© D¤§v‡Zi `ywU †ivM †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ msµwgZ n‡q‡Q, wnsmv Ges N„Yv|Ó (evqnvwK)

ivmyjyj-vn (m.) AviI e‡jb, Ò†Zvgiv G‡K Aci‡K wnsmv K‡iv bv, G‡K Aci‡K N„Yv K‡iv bv, G‡KA‡bï ÿwZ Kivi Rb¨ †KŠkj K‡iv bv eis †Zvgiv Avjø-vni ev›`v wn‡m‡e ci¯úi fvB fvB n‡q hvI|Ó(eyLvwi I gymwjg)

N„Yv ev Zvw”Qj¨ kqZv‡bi êwkó¨| kqZvb nhiZ Av`g (Av.)-Gi cÖwZ Zvw”Qj¨ Kivi Kvi‡YBAwfkß n‡q‡Q| Avgiv KvD‡K N„Yv Kie bv|

Avgiv N„Yvi Kzdj Dcjwä Kie| mK‡ji cÖwZ D`vi ne| fv‡jv Kv‡R cÖksmv Kie| A_©, we`¨v evmvgvwRK gh©v`vi gvcKvwV‡Z KvD‡K N„Yv ev †nq Kie bv| Z‡e g›` KvR‡K N„Yv Kie| g›` KvR‡KN„Yv bv Ki‡j mgv‡R Zv ax‡i ax‡i êa e‡j cwiMwYZ nq|

KvR : wkÿv_x©iv K‡qKwU `‡j fvM n‡q N„Yvi KzdjMy‡jvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡e Ges†kªwYK‡¶ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

cvV 13

†PŠh©e„wËcwiPq†PŠh© A_© AcniY, Pzwi| †PŠh©e„wË A_© †Pv‡ii eëmvq ev †ckv A_ev †Pv‡ii KvR| Kv‡iv gvwjKvbvfz³m¤ú` msiwÿZ ¯’vb †_‡K †Mvc‡b nvwZ‡q †bqvi bvg Pzwi ev †PŠh©|

Pzwii Kzdj

wbivcËvnxbZv :

Pzwii Rb¨ m¤ú` I Rxeb wbivcËvnxbZvi wkKvi nq| KviY KL‡bv KL‡bv †Pvi aiv c‡o hvIqviAvk¼vq gvwjK‡K LybI K‡i|

mvgvwRK kvwšÍ webó :

†PŠh©e„wËi Kvi‡Y gvbyl kvwšÍ‡Z Nygy‡Z cv‡i bv| m¤ú` cvnviv w`‡Z wbNy©g ivZ KvUv‡Z nq| me©`v m¤ú`Pzwi n‡q hvIqvi Avk¼vq mvgvwRK kvwšÍ I m¦w¯Í webó nq|


mvgvwRK Aciva e„w× :Pzwii Øviv mgv‡R AviI bZzb bZzb Aciva m„wó nq| †Pvi ïay Zvi KvR Pzwii g‡a¨B mxgve× iv‡L bveis †m Pzwi, wQbZvB, AcniY, Lyb Ges gv‡S gv‡S m¤£gnvwbi NUbvI NUvq|

†PŠh©e„wË GKwU N„wYZ KvR :

mgv‡Ri wb›`bxq KvR¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg †PŠh©e„wË| mgv‡R †Pvi‡K gvbyl N„Yvi †Pv‡L †`‡L| †Pvi‡K gvbylAvZ¥xq wnmv‡e cwiPq w`‡Z j¾v †eva K‡i| cwievi I mgv‡Ri †jv‡Kiv Zv‡K N„Yvi †Pv‡L †`‡L|

ciKvjxb kvw¯Í :

Pzwi GKwU AZ¨šÍ RNb¨ ai‡bi wbwl× KvR| Gi d‡j e¨w³ cÖK…Z gywgb _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| Avjøvn ZviRb¨ ciKv‡jI fqven kvw¯Íi A½xKvi K‡i‡Qb|

Pzwi cÖwZ‡iv‡a Bmjv‡gi f~wgKv :

Pzwii Rb¨ ciKv‡j kvw¯Íi A½xKvi QvovI G A‰bwZK Aciva cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ Bmjvg cvw_©e`ÊweavbI w`‡q‡Qb|

cÖwZKvi:

1| †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bv

†KD hv‡Z Abœ, e¯¿ ev †gŠwjK Pvwn`vi Afv‡e Pzwi bv K‡i Zvi Rb¨ †mm‡ei eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| ZviKv‡Ri eë¯’v K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|

2| `„óvšÍg~jK kvw¯Íi eë¯’v

Afve bv _vKv m‡Ë¡I ¯fveMZ Kvi‡Y †KD hw` Pzwi K‡i Zvn‡j me †`k Ges me mgv‡RB †mRb¨kvw¯Íi weavb i‡q‡Q, Bmjvg a‡g©I Zvi Rb¨ KwVb kvw¯Íi weavb i‡q‡Q| Avjøvn e‡jb,

A_© : Òcyiyl †Pvi Avi gwnjv †Pvi Zv‡ì nvZ †K‡U `vI| Zviv hv K‡i‡Q G n‡jv Avjøvni cÿ †_‡KZvi `„óvšÍg~jK kvw¯Í|Ó (myiv gvwq`v, AvqvZ 38)

3| ˆbwZKZv‡eva RvMÖZKiYmvgvwRK m‡PZbZv e„w×i gva¨‡g gvby‡li AšÍ‡i †PŠh©e„wËi cÖwZ N„Yv m„wó Kiv| †Pvi‡K mvgvwRKfv‡eeqKU Kivi gva¨‡g ˆbwZKZv‡eva RvMÖZ Kiv|

agx©q cÖwZKviPzwi ïay mvgvwRK AcivaB bq, agx©q we‡ePbvq GKwU nvivg KvR| `ywbqvq N„Yv I kvw¯Í QvovIAvwLiv‡Z Gi Rb¨ K‡Vvi kvw¯Íi weavb i‡q‡Q|

KvR : wkÿv_x©iv K‡qKwU `‡j fvM n‡q †PŠh©e„wËi cÖwZKv‡ii DcvqMy‡jvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡e|

AvLjvK 97

cvV 14

Nyl ( )

cwiPqNyl A_© Dr‡KvP| Gi Aviwe cÖwZkã Ô†ikIqvZÕ| A‰ea mnvqZvi Rb¨ cÖ`Ë †Mvcb cvwi‡ZvwlKB Nyl|KZ©eïZ †Kv‡bv e¨w³i wbKU †_‡K KvR Av`vq Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ wKQz †Ìqv Ny‡li AšÍfz©³|

†Kv‡bv e¨w³i Rb¨ mycvwik K‡i Dc‡XŠKb MÖnY KivI Nyl| ivmyjyjøvn (m.) e‡jb, Ò†h e¨w³ Kv‡iv Rb¨mycvwik Kij, Avi G mycvwi‡ki cÖwZ`vb¯îƒc Zv‡K wKQz Dcnvi †Ìqv n‡j, †m hw` Zv MÖnY K‡i, Z‡e†m my‡ì ìRvmg~‡ni GKwU eo ìRvq Dcw¯’Z n‡e|Ó (wKZveyj Kvevwqi)

KzdjNyl GKwU mvgvwRK Aciva| Nyl †jb‡`‡bi gva¨‡g A‡bï AwaKvi ÿzYœ nq| Nyl MÖnxZv‡K mK‡j N„YvK‡i| Nyl MÖnY Ges †Ìqv `ywUB cvc KvR| Nyl MÖnxZv I `vZvi Ici Avjvn ZvAvjvi Awfkvc ewl©Znq| ivmyjyjøvn (m.) e‡jb,

A_©: ÒNyl `vZv I Nyl MÖnxZvi Ici Avjøvni Awfkvc ewl©Z nq|Ó (Be&b gvRvn&)

Nyl †Ìqv I †bIqv DfqB AgvR©bxq Aciva| Nyl`vZv I MÖnxZv DfqB Rvnvbœvwg| ivmyj (m.) e‡jb,

A_© : ÒNyl `vZv I MÖnxZv DfqB Rvnvbœvwg|Ó (Zvevivwb)

†Kv‡bv Kg©Pvix Zvi †eZ‡bi AwZwi³ RbMY †_‡K †Kv‡bv wKQz MÖnY Kiv A‰ea| ivmyjyjøvn (m.) e‡jb,Ò†Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K hw` Avgiv †Kv‡bv Kv‡R wb‡qvM Kwi Ges G Rb¨ Zv‡K wewbgq `vb Kwi, Avi †mwewbg‡qi AwZwi³ wKQz MÖnY K‡i, Z‡e Zv wLqvbZ wnmv‡e MY¨ n‡e|Ó (Avey `vE`)

Nyl cÖwZ‡iv‡a Bmjvwg weavbBmjvg Nyl‡K nvivg †NvlYv K‡i‡Q| gywgb‡ì Nyl Av`vb cÖ`vb bv Kivi we‡kl wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Q|

gnvb Avjøvn Ny‡li m¤ú`‡K nvivg I AcweÎ †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| gywgb‡ì `vwqZ¡ n‡jv G wbwl× AcweÎKv‡R AskMÖnY bv Kiv|

G cÖm‡½ gnvb Avjøvni evYx,

Òejyb gynv¤§` (m.)| nvivg I AcweÎ RxweKv Ges cweÎ RxweKv mgvb bq| hwÌ nviv‡gi AvwaK¨†Zvgv‡ì wew¯§Z K‡i| Kv‡RB †n eyw×gvbMY, Avjøvn‡K fq Ki|Ó ( myiv gvwq`v, AvqvZ 100)


Ñ

wKqvgZ wè‡m Nyl MÖnxZvi cwiYwZ n‡e LyeB j¾vRbK| gnvbwe (m.) e‡j‡Qb- Òhvi nv‡Z AvgviRxeb Zuvi Kmg! e¨w³ hv Nyl wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡e wKqvg‡Zi w`b †m Zv wb‡qB Dcw¯’Z n‡e|Ó

m‡ev©cwi gnvbwe (m.) Nyl`vZv I MÖnxZvi Rb¨ Rvnvbœv‡gi msev` w`‡q‡Qb|

Avgiv mgvR‡K Ny‡li Awfkvc †_‡K gy³ Kie| wb‡Riv KL‡bv Nyl Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kie bv|

mvgvwRK Aciva wnmv‡e G Awfkß KvR cÖwZ‡iva Kie|

KvR : wkÿv_x©iv K‡qKwU `‡j fvM n‡q Ny‡li mvgvwRK KzdjMy‡jvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡eGes †kªwYK‡¶ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

cvV 15

mš¿vmcwiPq

mš¿vm n‡jv wdZbv-dvmv‡ì AvaywbK iƒc| mš¿vm k‡ãi A_© AwZkq Îvm ev f‡qi cwi‡ek| A_©vr fq†`wL‡q ev †Rvi LvwU‡q gvby‡li KvQ †_‡K wKQz Av`vq Kiv ev Av`v‡qi cwi‡ek m„wói bxwZ‡K mš¿vme‡j|

mš¿v‡mi Kzdj

mš¿v‡mi d‡j mgv‡R wek„•Ljv m„wó nq| mvgvwRK Rxeb wech©¯Í nq| gvby‡li ¯vfvweK kvwšÍc~Y©Rxebhvcb e¨vnZ nq| mš¿vm KewjZ Rbc‡` gvby‡li Rxe‡bi wbivcËv _v‡K bv| hLb ZLb †KDAcg„Zzï wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i| mš¿v‡mi Kvi‡Y gvby‡li m¤ú‡ì wbivcËv _v‡K bv| m¤£‡gi wbivcËv _v‡Kbv| cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© bó nq| we‡Øl †e‡o hvq| AvBb-k„•Ljv I cÖkvmb ¯’wei n‡q c‡o| d‡j RvZxqDbœwZ I AMÖMwZ gvivZ¥Kfv‡e e¨vnZ nq|

mš¿vm cÖwZ‡iv‡a Bmjv‡gi weavb

Bmjvg mš¿vm cÖwZ‡iv‡a gymjgvb‡ì HKë× †_‡K hy× Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Q| Avi G hy×‡Kgywgb‡ì Bgvb iÿvi hy× e‡j †NvlYv w`‡q‡Q| Avjøvni evYx,

A_© : ÒAvi Kvwdi I wek„•Ljv m„wóKvix‡ì weiy‡× hy× Ki| hZÿY bv wdZbv-wek„•Ljv wbg~©j nq|Ó(myiv Avbdvj, AvqvZ 39)

mš¿vm `g‡b Bmjvg mvaviYZ wZb cÖKvi eë¯_v wb‡q‡Q|

AvLjvK 99

1. kvw¯Íg~jK eë¯’v

mš¿vm I wek„•Ljv m„wói KvR‡K Avjøvn ZvAvjv AZ¨šÍ AcQ›` K‡ib| gnvb Avjøvn mš¿vm‡K nZ¨vi†P‡q RNb¨ AvL¨v w`‡q‡Qb| Avjøvni evYx,

A_©: ÒAvi wdZbv (wek„•Ljv I mš¿vm) nZ¨vi †P‡q RNb¨|Ó (myiv Avj-evKviv, AvqvZ 191)

hviv Avjøvni G wb‡lavÁvi ciI wek„•Ljv, wech©q ev mš¿vm m„wói KvR Ae¨vnZ ivL‡e, Zv‡ì weiy‡×c„w_ex‡Z Avjøvn ZvAvjv kvw¯Íg~jK eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| gnvb Avjøvn e‡jb, Òhviv AvjøvnI Zuvi ivmy‡ji weiy‡× hy× K‡i Ges `ywbqvq aŸsmvZ¥K KvR K‡i †eovq GUvB Zv‡ì kvw¯Í †h,Zv‡ì‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡e A_ev k~‡j we× Kiv n‡e A_ev wecixZ w`K †_‡K Zv‡ì nvZ I cv †K‡U†djv n‡e A_ev Zv‡ì‡K †`k †_‡K wbe©vwmZ Kiv n‡e| `ywbqvq GUvB Zv‡ì jvÃbv Ges ciKv‡jIZv‡ì Rb¨ i‡q‡Q gnvkvw¯Í| Ó (myiv gvwq`v, AvqvZ 33)

2. KviY D`NvUb I wbimb

Bmjvg mš¿v‡mi KviY D`NvUb I Zv wbim‡bi cÖwZ we‡kl ¸iyZ¡v‡ivc K‡i‡Q| G Rb¨ Bmjv‡g `vwi`ª¨,Awkÿv, †eKviZ¡ I ˆbwZK Aeÿq †iv‡a eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi cÖwZ †Rvi w`‡q‡Q|

3. ˆbwZKZv‡eva RvMÖZKiY

Rxe‡bi mKj ch©v‡q Bmjvwg weavb Kvh©Ki K‡i ˆbwZKZv‡eva RvMÖZ K‡i mš¿vm `~i Kiv hvq|

ˆbwZKZv‡eva RvMÖZ Kivi Rb¨ mvgvwRK m‡PZbZv e„w× Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| mš¿vmx KvR‡K N„Yv Kiv Gesmš¿vmx‡K mvgvwRKfv‡e eqKU Kivi gva¨‡g ˆbwZKZv‡eva RvMÖZ Kiv hvq|

KvR : wkÿv_x©iv K‡qKwU `‡j fvM n‡q mš¿v‡mi KzdjMy‡jvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡e Ges

wk¶K‡K †`Lv‡e|

cvV 16

GBPAvBwf Ges GBWm

eZ©gvb kZvãxi GK gnvAvZ‡¼i bvg GBWm| AvaywbK ÁvbweÁv‡bi hy‡MI GBWm wek¦e¨vcxRb¯^v‡¯’ï Rb¨ gvivZ¥K ûgwK| G †ivMwU 1981 mv‡j me©cÖ_g Av‡gwiKvq mgKvgx‡ì g‡a¨ aivc‡o| †h fvBivm †_‡K G †ivMwU nq Zvi bvg Human Immune Deficiency Virus, Gi mswÿßbvg HIVÑ GwU GKwU NvZK e¨vwa| HIV Øviv †Kv‡bv e¨w³ AvµvšÍ n‡j Zv‡K ÒGBPAvBwf enbKvixÓwn‡m‡e wPwýZ Y Kiv nq| G fvBivm kix‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i i‡³i †ivM cÖwZ‡ivaKvix T4 †Kvl¸‡jv‡KaŸsm K‡i †`q| GK ch©v‡q AvµvšÍ e¨w³ †iv‡Mi weiy‡× cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv nvwi‡q †d‡j| AvµvšÍ e¨w³µgvš^‡q g„Zzï †Kv‡j X‡j c‡o |


GBPAvBwf †hfv‡e Qovqeqm, RvwZ, wj½, mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb wbw©e©‡k‡l mevB GBPAvBwf Øviv mgvbfv‡e AvµvšÍ n‡Z cv‡i|GBPAvBwf gvby‡li kix‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi Zij c`v‡_©i gva¨‡g Qwo‡q _v‡K| Zij c`v_©¸‡jv n‡jv i³,exh©, gvZ…`y» BZ¨vw`| hw` GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍ cyiyl ev gwnjvi kix‡ii Zij c`v_© †Kv‡bv my¯’ e¨w³i†`‡n cÖ‡ek K‡i, Z‡e wZwb GBPAvBwf Øviv AvµvšÍ n‡Z cv‡ib |

GBPAvBwf Ges GBWm †hme Kvi‡Y Qovq Zvi g‡a¨ cÖavb KviY¸‡jv n‡jvÑ

(K) A‰ea †hŠb AvPiY

(L) gv`K I †bkv RvZxq ªe¨ wmwi‡Äi gva¨‡g kix‡i cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv

(m.) Acwi‡kvwaZ i³ kix‡i cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv

cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvqmg~n1| my¯’ ˆeevwnK RxebhvcY Kiv|

2| bvix-cyiy‡li A‰ea †gjv‡gkv Gwo‡q Pjv|

3| gv`K I †bkv RvZxq mKj wRwbm eR©b Kiv|

4| Acwi‡kvwaZ i³ kix‡i cÖ‡ek bv Kiv‡bv|

Avgiv Bmjvwg wewaweavb †g‡b Pje| mvgvwRK Acivamg~n Gwo‡q Pje| Avgiv wb‡R‡K Ges mgvR‡KmKj Aciva I †ivMmsµgY †_‡K iÿv Kie|

KvR : wkÿv_x©iv K‡qKwU `‡j fvM n‡q GBPAvBwf Ges GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡ai DcvqMy‡jvi GKwUZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡e|

AvLjvK 101

Abykxjbg~jK cÖkœ


1. mšÍv‡bi †e‡nkZ ------- c`Z‡j|

2. ˆah© gvbeRxe‡bi GKwU ------- |

3. ------- GKwU eo Awfkvc|

4. RvwZi †bZv wZwbB whwb Zv‡`i ------- |

5. hvi AšÍ‡i mvgvb¨ cwigvY AnsKvi Av‡Q †m ------- cª‡ek Ki‡e bv|


evg cvk Wvb cvk

1. Avjøvn †Kv‡bv D×Z AnsKvix‡K gvbwmK e¨vwa

2. Akøxj AvPiYKvix ¸iyZi

3. cikÖxKvZiZv GKwU gvivZ¥K fvB fvB

4. wdZ&&bv (wek„•Ljv) nZ¨v A‡cÿv mK‡ji wbKU N„wYZ

5. wbðqB gywgbMY cQ›` K‡ib bv

mswÿß DËi cÖkœ

1. m`vPiY ej‡Z Kx eyS?

2. †`k‡cÖg ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

3. AkøxjZv Kx? ms‡¶‡c wj‡Lv|

eY©bvg~jK cÖkœ

1. Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z GBPAvBwf Ges GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq eY©bv Ki|

2. Bmjv‡g bvixi gh©v`v m¤ú‡K© eY©bv `vI|

3. mš¿vm Kvh©µg cÖwZKv‡ii Dcvq Kx? eY©bv Ki|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1| åvZ…Z¡‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?

K `yB L. wZb

M. cuvP N. mvZ|


2| mgvR‡mevi AšÍf©y³ n‡jvÑ

i. mvgvwRK wbivcËv iÿv

ii. ci¯ú‡ii Ø›Ø †gUv‡bv

iii. mšÍvb‡K wkÿv `vb|

†KvbwU mwVK ?

K. i L. ii

M. iii N. i I ii|

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 3 I 4 b¤i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI

kvnwiqvi mv‡ne GKRb eo Kg©KZ©v| wZwb mnKgx©‡`i †QvU †QvU fz‡ji Kvi‡Y Akøxj fvlv e¨envi

K‡ib|

3| kvnwiqvi mv‡n‡ei KvRwU wK‡mi cÖZxK?

K. N„Yvi L. AnsKv‡ii

M. Ab¨v‡qi N. Amf¨Zvi|

4| kvnwiqvi mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Ri d‡jÑ

i. RvbœvZ nvivg n‡e

ii. ci‡jŠwKK Rxeb `ytmn n‡e

iii. mK‡ji wbKU N„wYZ n‡e|

†KvbwU mwVK?

K. i L. ii I iii

M. iii N. i, ii I iii

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1| ivqnvb mv‡ne K·evRv‡ii GKRb wewkó wk¶vbyivMx I mgvR‡meK| wZwb GKwU †emiKvwi

wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cwiPvjK| D³ wek¦we`¨vjqwU‡Z wb‡qvM weÁwß cÖKvwkZ n‡j ivqnvb mv‡n‡ei eÜz

AveŸvm mv‡n‡ei ¯¿x cÖfvlK c‡` Av‡e`b K‡ib| c‡i ivqnvb mv‡n‡ei Aby‡ivaµ‡g AveŸvm

AvLjvK 103

mv‡n‡ei ¯¿x D³ c‡` wb‡qvM jvf Ki‡j AveŸvm mv‡ne m¯¿xK ivqnvb mv‡n‡ei evmvq nvwRi n‡q

K…ZÁZv cÖKvk K‡ib Ges GKwU ¯^‡Y©i wPswo gvQm`„k †kv-wcm Dcnvi wn‡m‡e cÖ`vb K‡ib|

GK`v ivqnvb mv‡n‡ei †QvU †g‡qi evÜex Avwe`v †eov‡Z G‡m bv e‡j D³ †kv-wcmwU wb‡q hvq|

K. nhiZ Av`g (Av.)-Gi gh©v`v †`‡L †K Cl©vwš^Z n‡qwQj?

L. wnsmvi GKwU mvgvwRK Kzdj e¨vL¨v Ki|

M. ivqnvb mv‡n‡ei wØZxq KvRwU AvLjv‡K hvwggvi †Kvb Kv‡Ri Aš—f©y³? cvVëB‡qi Av‡jv‡Ke¨vL¨v Ki|

N. Avwe`vi KvRwUi cwiYvg we‡k-lY Ki|

2|

K. ÔDËg PwiÎB n‡jv mKj †bK Kv‡Ri g~j K_vÕÑevYxwU Kvi?

L. Bmjvwg åvZ…Z¡‡eva ej‡Z Kx eySvq|

M. 1 bs Qwe‡Z MÖv‡gi evwm›`v‡ì KvRwU‡Z Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. 2 bs QwewU †h welqe¯‘i cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i Zv cvVëB‡qi Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki|


wPÎ bs 1: iv¯Ív ms¯‹vi n‡jv MÖvgevmxi kª‡g|1 RyjvB, 2012 cÖ_g Av‡jv|

wPÎ bs 2: †ivMxi Abyf~wZ- GLv‡b eo Wv³vi e‡mb, †ivMx†`‡L †Kv‡bv UvKv †bb bv| IlyaI wd« cvB| (ms‡ÿwcZ)

cÂg Aa¨vq

Av`k© RxebPwiZ

gnvb Avjøvn Zvi †kªôZ¡ cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ gvbyl m„wó K‡i‡Qb| gvbyl m„wói g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv gnvb AvjøvniBev`Z Kiv, Avjøvni wewawb‡la gvb¨ Kiv| Avi Gme wewawb‡la h_vh_fv‡e AbymiY Kivi Rb¨ Aek¨BGKwU AbymiYxq bxwZgvjv cÖ‡qvRb| hv‡K Avgiv Av`k© ej‡Z cvwi| gnvb Avjøvni c¶ n‡Z AvMZbweM‡Yi RxebPwiZ Avgv‡ì Av`k©| Gi g‡a¨ nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) Gi Rxeb PwiZ n‡jv me©‡kªôAv`k©| Ggwbfv‡e hviv bwe I ivmyjM‡Yi Rxebx AbyKiY K‡i ab¨ n‡q‡Qb Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi fv‡jvw`K¸‡jv‡KI Avgiv Av`k© wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kie|


•� Av`k© Rxeb Pwi‡Îi êwkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

•� KwZcq gbxlxi Rxeb PwiZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

•� gbxlxM‡Yi MyYvewj †hgb, mgvR‡mev, mvg¨, MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡eva, åvZ…Z¡‡eva, mngwg©Zv,cigZmwnòzZv, †mŠnv`©, gvbweKZv, Ava¨vwZ¥KZv, Z¨vM, ¶gv, Acmv¤cÖ`vwqK `„wófw½, b¨vqwePvi, `vbkxjZv, c‡ivcKvwiZv, †`k‡cÖg, mykvmb cÖwZôv BZ¨vw` Zuv‡ì Ae`vb I wk¶v e¨vL¨v Ig~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

•� ev¯Íe Rxe‡b gbxlxM‡Yi MyYvewj AbymiY K‡i Av`k© Rxeb MV‡b DØy× n‡e|

•� `jMZKv‡R MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡eva i¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges mvgwMÖKfv‡e †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`v‡b AvMÖnx n‡Zcvi‡e|

cvV 1

nhiZ myjvBgvb (Av.)

cwiPqnhiZ myjvBgvb (Av.) Avjøvni cÖwm× bwe wQ‡jb| wZwb nhiZ `vD` (Av.)-Gi Kwbô cyÎ| wZwbAvbygvwbK wLª÷c~e© 970-975-Gi g‡a¨ Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| †h PviRb ev`kv mg¯Í c„w_exi kvmK wQ‡jbnhiZ myjvBgvb (Av.) Zv‡ì GKRb| wZwb cwiYZ eq‡m DcbxZ nIqvi ci Zuvi wcZv nhiZ `vD`(Av) BwšÍKvj K‡ib| Gici Avjøvn ZvAvjv nhiZ myjvBgvb (Av.)-†K bwe wn‡m‡e nhiZ `vD` (Av.)-Gi ¯’jvwfwl³ K‡ib Ges mg¯Í c„w_exi ivRZ¡ `vb K‡ib|

A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv jvfbwe wn‡m‡e nhiZ myjvBgvb (Av.)-Gi we‡kl gh©v`v wQj| Avjøvn Zuv‡K cï-cvwL, KxU-cZ½, Rxe-RšÍy I wR¡b-Bbmv‡bi fvlv eySvi ¶gZv w`‡qwQ‡jb| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jbÑ

Ò†m (myjvBgvb) ejj : †n gvbyl! Avgv‡K c¶xKz‡ji fvlv wk¶v †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Ges Avgv‡K mewKQy(Ávb) †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| wbðqB GUv my¯úó AbyMÖn| (myiv bvgj, AvqvZ 16)

wZwb wQ‡jb mywekvj we¯Í…Y© iv‡Rï ivRv| kvmbKvh© myôz I myPviyiƒ‡c m¤úv`b Kivi Rb¨ wZwb iv‡Rïwewfbœ ¯’v‡b †h‡Zb| Lye `ªyZ hvZvqvZ Kivi Rb¨ gnvb Avjøvn Zv‡K evZv‡m fi K‡i PjvPj Kivi¶gZv `vb K‡iwQ‡jb| evZvm‡K Zvi AbyMZ K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi hLb †h ¯’v‡b hvIqvi cÖ‡qvRbnZ wZwb evZvm‡K Av‡`k Ki‡j evZvm Zuv‡K Zuvi wekvj wmsnvmb I †jvKejmn gyn~‡Z© †m ¯’v‡b †cuŠ‡Qw`Z| Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv e‡jb-

A_© : ÒAvwg evqy‡K myjvBgv‡bi Aaxb K‡iwQjvg| †m mKv‡j GK gv‡mi c_ AwZµg KiZ I mÜ¨vqGK gv‡mi c_ AwZµg KiZ| (myiv mvev, AvqvZ 12)

Avjøvn ZvAvjv wR¡b‡ì ga¨ n‡Z GK`j‡K nhiZ myjvBgvb (Av.)-Gi Aaxb K‡i w`‡jb| Zviv nhiZmyjvBgv‡bi Rb¨ mgy ª n‡Z gy³v msMÖn K‡i AvbZ| G Qvov Ab¨vb¨ KvRI KiZ| †hgb, my-D”P cÖvmv`,†PŠev”Pvi b¨vq eo †cqvjv BZ¨vw` wbg©vY Ki‡Zv| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb-

ÒGes (Avwg AbyMZ K‡i w`jvg) kqZvb‡ì, hviv mK‡jB wQj cÖvmv`wbg©vYKvix I Wyeywi|Ó (myivmv`, AvqvZ 37)

Zuvi wekvj mvgªv‡R¨ †Mv‡q›`vi KvR Ki‡Z Avjøvn cvK Zuv‡K Ôû`û`Õ bvgK GKwU cvwL w`‡q‡Qb| †mcvwLwU Zuv‡K ivwb wejwKm I Zvi ivR‡Z¡i msev` w`‡q‡Q| G meB Zuvi A‡jŠwKK kw³i wb`k©b|

wePvi kw³nhiZ myjvBgvb (Av.)-Gi Ávb, cÖÁv I ax-kw³ wQj LyeB cÖLi| Avjøvn ZvAvjv Zv‡K Lye m~²fv‡ewePviKvh© cwiPvjbv Kivi ¶gZv w`‡qwQ‡jb| evj¨Kvj †_‡KB wZwb Lye eyw×gvb I cÖÁvi AwaKvixwQ‡jb|

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ÒGes Avwg myjvBgvb‡K G wel‡qi gxgvsmv eywS‡q w`‡qwQjvg Ges Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Avwg w`‡qwQjvgcÖÁv I Ávb|Ó (myiv Avw¤qv, AvqvZ 79)

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Av`k© RxebPwiZ 107

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KvR : wk¶v_x©iv nhiZ myjvBgvb (Av.)-Gi GKwU m~² wePvi m¤ú‡K© Aby‡”Q` wj‡L wk¶K‡K †`Lv‡e|

cvV 2

nhiZ gymv (Av)

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beyqZ jvf

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bvwhqvZ, AvqvZ 17- 19)

Av`k© RxebPwiZ 109

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m‡Zï Rq wg_¨vq ¶q

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b¨v‡qi c_ Abymi‡YB Rxe‡bi mvdj¨ wbwnZ|

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cvV 3

nhiZ Cmv (Av.)

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Av`k© RxebPwiZ 111

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Av`vqK…Z wbivcËv Ki) Zz‡j †`‡eb| µzk †f‡O †dj‡eb| mg¯Í k~Ki †g‡i †dj‡eb| Avjøvni BbmvdcÖwZôv Ki‡eb| G mgq c„w_exi †jvKR‡bi Avw_©K Ae¯’v GZ DbœZ n‡e †h, `vb-m`Kv †bIqvi g‡Zv

KvD‡K Luy‡R cvIqv hv‡e bv| nhiZ Cmv (Av.) gnvbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi D¤§Z n‡q Zuvi cÖwZwbwa

wn‡m‡e Bmjv‡gi w`‡K AvnŸvb Ki‡eb| Gici wZwb ¯vfvweK g„ZzëiY Ki‡eb Ges Zuv‡K ivmyj (m.)-

Gi iIRv gyevi‡K Zuvi cv‡k `vdb Kiv n‡e| wKqvg‡Zi w`b Zuviv `yRb GKB ¯’vb n‡Z DV‡eb|

åvšÍ wek¦vmwLª÷vbiv wb‡R‡ì‡K nhiZ Cmv (Av.)-Gi D¤§vZ g‡b K‡i| AwaKvsk wLª÷vb wek¦vm K‡i †h, nhiZ

Cmv (Av.) Avjøvni cyÎ, gvwiqvg (Av.) Avjøvni ¯¿x Ges nhiZ Cmv (Av.)-†K Bûwìv µzkwe× K‡inZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Z‡e wKQymsL¨K wLª÷vb hviv nhiZ Cmv (Av.)-Gi cÖwZ Bgvb G‡bwQj I Zuv‡K mvnvh¨

K‡iwQj Zv‡ì‡K cweÎ KziAv‡b ÔnvIqvwiÕ (mvnvh¨Kvix) e‡j D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi hviv nhiZ Cmv

(Av)-†K Avjøvni cyÎ e‡j g‡b K‡i Zv‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ gnvb Avjøvn e‡jb-

Òe‡jv, wZwbB Avjøvn, GK AwØZxq| Avjøvn gyLv‡c¶x bb, mK‡jB Zvui gyLv‡c¶x| wZwb KvD‡KI Rb¥

†`b wb Ges Zuv‡KI Rb¥ †Ìqv nq wb|Ó (myiv BLjvm, AvqvZ 1-3)

nhiZ Cmv (Av.) Avjøvni ev›`v Ges Zuvi ivmyj| Zuv‡K Avjøvni we‡kl Kzì‡Z wcZv e¨ZxZ m„wó Kiv

n‡q‡Q| Zuvi m„wó‡K nhiZ Av`g (Av.)-Gi m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| nhiZ Cmv (Av.)

msmviZ¨vMx wQ‡jb| †Kv‡bv NiI euv‡ab wb Ges we‡qI K‡ib wb| mviv Rxeb ZvIwn` (Avjøvni

GKZ¡ev`) cÖPvi K‡i AwZevwnZ K‡i‡Qb| Kx AevK e¨vcvi! Zuvi D¤§v‡Ziv Zuv‡K Avjøvni cyÎ e‡j

cÖKv‡k¨ wki‡K wjß n‡”Q| Avjøvn ZvAvjv nhiZ Av`g (Av.)-†K wcZvgvZv QvovB m„wó K‡i‡Qb|

myZivs Zuvi Rb¨ nhiZ Cmv (Av.)-†K ïay wcZv Qvov m„wó Kiv †gv‡UI KwVb e¨vcvi bq|

ZvB nhiZ Cmv (Av.)-†K Avjøvni cyÎ ejvi †Kv‡bv KviY †bB| nhiZ Cmv (Av.)-Gi Rb¥ Avjøvni

¶gZvi ewntcÖKvk| myZivs mK‡ji DwPZ Zuvi e¨vcv‡i mwVK AvwK`v †cvlY Kiv †h, wZwb Avjøvni ev›`v

I ivmyj| wZwb ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB g„ZzëiY Ki‡eb| Avgiv Avjøvni mv‡_ KvD‡K Askx`vi Kie bv Ges

nhiZ Cmv (Av.)-†K Avjøvni ivmyj wn‡m‡eB wek¦vm Kie|

KvR : wk¶v_x©iv †kªwYK‡¶ `jMZfv‡e nhiZ Cmv (Av.)-Gi gyÕwRRvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡iDc¯’vcb Ki‡e|


5

cvV 4

nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)

nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) gw`bvq Bmjvwg ivóª cÖwZôv K‡ib| wZwb gw`bvq Ae¯’vbKv‡j gvZ…f~wg g°vicÖwZ ì` Abyfe K‡ib| ZvB wZwb lô wnRwi m‡b 1400 mvnvwe‡K m‡½ wb‡q g°v Awfgy‡L evqZzjøvnwhqvi‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv K‡ib| g°vi A`~‡i û`vqweqv bvgK ¯’v‡b evavcÖvß nb| ZLb nhiZ gynv¤§`(m.) I g°vi Kvwdi‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU Pzw³ ¯^v¶wiZ nq| HwZnvwmKMY GUv‡K û`vqweqvi mwÜ e‡jAvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| cweÎ KziAv‡b G mwÜ‡K ÒdvZûg gywebÓ (my¤úó weRq) e‡j D‡jøL Kivn‡q‡Q|

g°v weR‡qi †cÖ¶vcU

KviYû`vqweqvi mwÜi gva¨‡g KzivBkiv gymjgvb‡ì‡K ¯Zš¿ I kw³kvjx RvwZ wn‡m‡e ¯xK…wZ †`q|mwÜ‡Z `k eQi cvi¯úwiK hy×-weMÖn eÜ _vKvi K_v D‡jøL wQj| û`vqweqvi m¤úvw`Z Pzw³ikZ©vbyhvqx Avi‡ei eby LyhvÕAv †MvÎ gnvbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi mv‡_ Ges eby eKi †MvÎKzivBk‡ì mv‡_ ˆgÎx Pzw³‡Z Ave× nq| eby eKi †MvÎ û`vBweqvi mwÜ f½ K‡i KzivBk‡ì mv‡_wg‡j lohš¿ ïiy K‡i| Zviv GKiv‡Z gnvbwe (m.)-Gi mv‡_ ˆgÎx Pzw³‡Z Ave× eby LyhvÕAv †Mv‡ÎiIci AvµgY K‡i| G‡Z eby LyhvÕAv †Mv‡Îi K‡qK e¨w³ wbnZ nq| AvnZ nq AviI A‡b‡K| ebyLyhvÕAv †Mv‡Îi †jvKRb NUbvwU gnvbwe (m.)-†K Rvbvq| Zuvi Kv‡Q mvnv‡hï Av‡e`b K‡i| gnvbwe(m.) Pzw³ Abyhvqx Zv‡ì mvnv‡h¨ GwM‡q Av‡mb| `~Z gvidZ KzivBk‡ì Kv‡Q wZwb G NUbvi ˆKwdqZZje K‡ib| wZwb Zv‡ì Rvbv‡jb-

K. †Zvgiv LyhvÕAv †MvÎ‡K ¶wZc~iY `vI;

L. A_ev eby eKi †Mv‡Îi mv‡_ wgÎZv Pzw³ evwZj Ki;

M. A_ev û`vqweqvq m¤úvw`Z Pzw³ evwZj Ki|

KzivBkiv †klUvB MÖnY Kij| û`vqweqvi mwÜ evwZj n‡q †Mj|

d‡j nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi Rb¨ û`vqweqv Pzw³i evaëva¨KZv Avi iBj bv| c‡i KzivBkiv welqwUi¸iyZ¡ eyS‡Z cvij| ZLb Avcm-gxgvsmvi Rb¨ KzivBkiv Avey mywdqvb‡K gw`bvq cvVvj| G c‡e© Aveymywdqvb e¨_© n‡q wd‡i G‡jv| Aciw`‡K gnvbwe (m.) g°v Awfhv‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z jvM‡jb|

g°v weRqwnRwi Aóg eQ‡ii ighvb gv‡m `k nvRvi mvnvwe wb‡q gnvbwe (m.) g°v Awfgy‡L hvÎv ïiy K‡ib|gnvbwe (m.) g°vi A`~‡i ÔgviiyR RvnivbÕ bvgK ¯’v‡b Zuvey †M‡o Ae¯’vb †bb| AcÖZ¨vwkZfv‡e

Av`k© RxebPwiZ 113

DcbxZ G wekvj evwnbx †`‡L Avey mywdqvbmn g°vevmx nZevK n‡q hvq| Zviv evav †Ìqvi mvnmnvwi‡q †d‡j| webv evavq gnvbwe (m.) Rb¥f~wg g°v Rq K‡ib| ¯^xq Rxeb I Bmjvg i¶v KiviRb¨ gnvbwe (m.) GKw`b g°v †Q‡o gw`bvq Avkªq wb‡qwQ‡jb| AvR weRqx exi †e‡k wZwb Rb¥f~wgg°vq cÖ‡ek Ki‡jb| mK‡jB Zuvi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y Kij| wZwb AvR g°vi GK”QÎ AwacwZ|m‡Zï weRq n‡jv Avi wg_¨vi civRq n‡jv| m‡Zï c‡_ _vK‡j weRq GKw`b Avm‡eB|

gnvbwe (m.)-Gi D`viZvg°vi †h mKj †jvK GKw`b gnvbwe (m.) Gi Rxeb bvk Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj AvR ZvivB Zuvi m¤§y‡LAcivax I `qv wfLvwi wn‡m‡e Dcw¯’Z| gnvbwe (m.) Zv‡ì wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, Ô†Zvgiv AvR Avgvi KvQ†_‡K †Kgb eënvi cÖZ¨vkv K‡iv|Õ Zviv ej‡jv- A_©- ÔAvcwb Avgv‡ì `qvjyfvB I `qvjy fvB‡qi cyÎ, Avcbvi wbKU `qvc~Y© eënviB Avgiv PvB|Õ

ZLb gnvbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) ej‡jb- A_©- ÔAvR †Zvgv‡ìweiy‡× †Kv‡bv Awf‡hvM †bB, hvI †Zvgiv gy³ I ¯vaxb|Õ

`qvjy bwe mKj‡K ¶gv K‡i w`‡jb| GgbwK GKmg‡qi Bmjv‡gi mePvB‡Z eo kÎy Avey mywdqvb‡KI¶gv K‡i w`‡jb| Dû` hy‡× G Avey mywdqvbB KzivBk evwnbxi (Agymwjg evwnbxi) †bZv wQj| Zvi†bZ…‡Z¡B Kvwdi evwnbxi nv‡Z 70 Rb gymjgvb ˆmwbK kvnv`vZ eiY K‡iwQ‡jb| gnvbwe (m.)-GiGKwU ùvZ †gveviK H hy‡× knx` nq| GZ wKQyi ciI gnvbwe Zv‡K ¶gv K‡iwQ‡jb| ïay ¶gvB †klbq| gnvbwe (m.) AviI †NvlYv w`‡jb Ô¯^xq Ni I Kvev kwi‡di cvkvcvwk hviv Avey mywdqv‡bi N‡iAvkªq wb‡e ZvivI ¶gv Ges wbivcËv cv‡e|Õ gnvbwe (m.) Avey mywdqv‡bi ¯¿x wn›`v‡KI ¶gv Ki‡jb|wn›`v gnvbwe (m.)-Gi wcÖq PvPv nhiZ nvghv (iv.) knx` nIqvi ci Zuvi bvK, Kvb †K‡UwQj Ges eyKwP‡i KwjRv †ei K‡i Pe©Y K‡i Pig wbôziZv I exfrmZvi cwiPq w`‡qwQj| Zv‡Kmn g°vi mKj‡K¶gvi G `„óvšÍ c„w_exi BwZnv‡m weij|

gynvwRi I Avbmvi‡ì g‡a¨ åvZ…Z¡eÜbgnvbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) g°v n‡Z wnRiZ K‡i Avmv gynvwRi I gw`bvq emevmKvix Avbmvi‡ìg‡a¨ åvZ…Z¡ eÜb ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb| åvZ…Z¡ eÜb AUzU ivLvi Rb¨ gnvbwe gmwR‡` bewe‡K wgjb‡K›`ªevwb‡q w`‡jb| G åvZ…Z¡ ïay gy‡L gy‡L wQj bv eis gynvwRi‡ì‡K Avbmvi‡ì m¤úwËi DËivwaKvixevwb‡q w`‡jb| wZwb nhiZ Avbvm Be‡b gvwj‡Ki N‡i †hw`b G åvZ…Z¡eÜb ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb H w`b HM„‡n †gvU 90 Rb mvnvwe wQ‡jb| Zv‡ì A‡a©K wQj gynvwRi Avi evwK A‡a©K wQj Avbmvi| m¤úwË‡ZgynvwRi‡ì DËivwaKvi weavbwU eì hy× ch©šÍ ejer wQj| Rb¥m~‡Î Ave× bv n‡q Ggb åvZ…Z¡eÜbgvbe BwZnv‡m Luy‡R cvIqv KwVb|

we`vq n‡Ri fvlYmyiv Avb-bvQi bvwhj nIqvi ci nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) eyS‡Z cvi‡jb †h, Zvi Rxeb cÖvq †kl| ZvB wZwb632 wLª÷v‡ã (`kg wnRwi) 23 †deªqvwi j¶vwaK mvnvwe‡K mv‡_ wb‡q nR Ki‡Z g°v Awfgy‡L


-

iIqvbv w`‡jb| G‡K we`vq nR ejv nq| nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) 9B wRjnR Avivdv‡Zi gq`v‡bDcw¯’Z Rbmgy‡`ªi mvg‡b †h fvlY †`b, Zv‡K we`vq n‡Ri fvlY ejv nq| D³ fvl‡Y wZwbe¨w³Rxeb †_‡K ivwóªqRxeb ch©šÍ me©cÖKvi `vwqZ¡, †jb‡`b, cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© I AwaKvi BZ¨vw` welq¸iy‡Z¡i mv‡_ Zz‡j a‡ib| wb‡gœ we`vq n‡R cÖ`Ë fvl‡Yi mvims‡¶c D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv| Avivdv‡Zigq`vb msjMœ ÔRvev‡j ingZÕ Gi DuPz wUjvq D‡V gnvbwe (m.) cÖ_‡g Avjøvni cÖksmv Ki‡jb, AZtciej‡jb:

1. †n gvbe mKj! Avgvi K_v g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †kv‡bv| KviY AvMvgx eQi Avwg †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_GLv‡b mg‡eZ n‡Z cvie wK bv Rvwb bv|

2. AvR‡Ki G w`b, G ¯’vb, G gvm †hgb cweÎ, †ZgbB †Zvgv‡ì Rxeb I m¤ú` ci¯ú‡iiwbKU cweÎ|

3. g‡b ivL‡e Aek¨B GKw`b mKj‡K Avjøvni mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡Z n‡e| †mw`b mKj‡K wbRwbR Kv‡Ri wnmve w`‡Z n‡e|

4. †n wek¦vmxMY, ¯¿x‡ì mv‡_ m`q eënvi Ki‡e| Zv‡ì Dci †Zvgv‡ì †hgb AwaKvi Av‡Q†ZgbB †Zvgv‡ì IciI Zv‡ì AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|

5. me©`v A‡bï AvgvbZ i¶v Ki‡e Ges cvc KvR n‡Z weiZ _vK‡e I my` Lv‡e bv|

6. Avjøvni mv‡_ KvD‡K kwiK K‡iv bv| Avi Ab¨vqfv‡e G‡K Ab¨‡K nZ¨v K‡iv bv|

7. g‡b †i‡Lv! †`k, eY©-†MvÎ, m¤cÖ`vq wbwe©‡k‡l mKj gymjgvb mgvb| AvR n‡Z eskMZ †kªôZ¡wejyß n‡jv| †kªô‡Z¡i GKgvÎ gvcKvwV n‡jv Avjøvn-fxwZ ev mrKg©, †m e¨w³B mePvB‡Z†miv †h wb‡Ri mrKg© Øviv †kªôZ¡ AR©b K‡i|

8. ag© wb‡q evovevwo K‡iv bv, c~‡e©i A‡bK RvwZ G Kvi‡Y aŸsm n‡q‡Q| wbR †hvM¨Zv e‡jµxZ`vm hw` †bZv nq Zvi Aeva¨ n‡e bv| eis Zvi AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡e|

9. `vm-`vmx‡ì cÖwZ mØënvi Ki‡e| †Zvgiv hv Avnvi Ki‡e I cwiavb Ki‡e Zv‡ì‡KI ZvAvnvi Kiv‡e I cwiavb Kiv‡e| Zviv hw` †Kvb AgvR©bxq Aciva K‡i †d‡j, Z‡e Zv‡ì gy³K‡i †`‡e, Zey Zv‡ì mv‡_ `ye©ënvi Ki‡e bv| †Kbbv ZvivI †Zvgv‡ì g‡ZvB gvbyl,Avjøvni m„wó| mKj gymwjg G‡K A‡bï fvB Ges †Zvgiv GKB åvZ…‡Z¡i eÜ‡b Ave×|

10. Rvwnwj hy‡Mi mKj Kzms¯‹vi I nZ¨vi cÖwZ‡kva evwZj Kiv n‡jv| †Zvgv‡ì c_ cÖ`k©‡biRb¨ Avjøvni evYx Ges Zuvi ivmy‡ji Av`k© †i‡L hvw”Q| G‡Z hZw`b †Zvgiv AvuK‡o _vK‡eZZw`b †Zvgiv wec_Mvgx n‡e bv|

11. AvwgB †kl bwe Avgvi ci †Kv‡bv bwe Avm‡e bv|

12. †Zvgiv hviv Dcw¯’Z AvQ Zviv Abycw¯’Z‡ì Kv‡Q Avgvi evYx †cuŠ‡Q †`‡e|

Av`k© RxebPwiZ 115

Zvici nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) AvKv‡ki w`‡K ZvwK‡q AvIqvR K‡i ej‡Z jvM‡jb, †n Avjøvn! Avwg wK†Zvgvi evYx mwVKfv‡e RbM‡Yi wbKU †cuŠQv‡Z †c‡iwQ? mv‡_ mv‡_ Dcw¯’Z Rbmgy ª n‡Z AvIqvRG‡jv ÒnüvÓ| wbðqB †c‡i‡Qb| AZtci nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) ej‡jb, †n Avjøvn! Zzwg mv¶x _v‡Kv| GiciB Avjøvn ZvAvjv bvwhj Ki‡jb-

A_©- ÒAvR Avwg †Zvgv‡ì ag©‡Kc~Y©v½ K‡i w`jvg Ges Avgvi wbqvgZ †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ cwic~Y© K‡i w`jvg| Bmjvg‡K †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨GKgvÎ Rxeb eë¯’v wnmv‡e g‡bvbxZ Kijvg|Ó ( myi gvwq`v, AvqvZ 3)

gnvbwe (m.) wKQy¶Y mgq bxie _vK‡jb| Dcw¯’Z RbZvI bxie wQj| AZtci mK‡ji w`‡K KiyYvi`„wó‡Z ZvwK‡q ej‡jb, ÒAvj we`vÔÓ (we`vq)| GKUv ARvbv we‡qvMe¨_v Dcw¯’Z mK‡ji AšÍi‡KfvivµvšÍ K‡i †Zv‡j| we`vq nR †_‡K wd‡i gnvbwe (m.) wKQyw`b ci Amy¯’ n‡q co‡jb| AZtci 11wnRwi m‡bi iweDj AvDqvj †gvZv‡eK 632 wLª: 7B Ryb †mvgevi BwšÍKvj K‡ib| ZLb Zuvi eqm wQj63 eQi|

Av`k© gvbe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)Rxe‡bi AbyKiYxq I AbymiYxq wbqgbxwZ‡K Av`k© ejv nq| G wn‡m‡e nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) n‡jbgvbe RvwZi Rb¨ me©‡kªô Av`k©| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb- A_©-ÒwbðqB ivmy‡ji Rxe‡b i‡q‡Q †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ DËg Av`k©|Ó (myiv Avnhve, AvqvZ 21)

e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK, ivóªxq I A_©‰bwZK mKj w`K w`‡qB nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) Avgv‡ìAv`k©|

K) nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi e¨w³MZ Av`k©

nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b AZ¨šÍ webqx, m`vjvcx, nv‡m¨v¾j I `qvjy wQ‡jb| abx, `wi`ª,

BqvwZg, Amnvq, ivRv-cÖRv mK‡ji mv‡_ Zvi AvPiY wQj AbyKiYxq| Zuvi `qv I fv‡jvevmv mK‡ji

cvkvcvwk wkï‡ì cªwZI dz‡U I‡V| wZwb wkï‡ì cÖwZ m`q AvPiY Ki‡Zb| Ab¨‡KI Zv Ki‡Z Drmvn

w`‡q‡Qb| nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) e‡j‡Qb : A_©- †h Avgv‡ì wkï‡ì cÖwZ

`qv K‡i bv †m Avgv‡ì `jfy³ bq| (mybvb wZiwgwh)

µxZ`vm †_‡K ïiy K‡i bvix-cyiyl, AvZ¥xq-AbvZ¥xq GgbwK RxeRšÍyi cÖwZI `qv cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z wZwbcivgk© w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb- ÒRwg‡b emevmKvix‡ì cÖwZ `qv Ki, Zvn‡j AvmgvbevmxivI †Zvgv‡ìcÖwZ `qv Ki‡e|Ó (mybvb wZiwgwh)

GK K_vq, ¶gvkxjZv, D`viZv, mZZv I mZëvw`Zv, mshg, b¨vqcivqYZv, MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡eva,åvZ…Z¡‡eva, cigZmwnòzZv, gvbweKZv, Amv¤cÖ`vwqK `„wófw½, `vbkxjZv, c‡ivcKvwiZv, †`k‡cÖg IIqv`v cvjbmn AbymiYxq ¸Yv¸Y ivmyj (m.)-Gi Rxe‡b we`¨gvb wQj|


L) nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi cvwievwiK Av`k©

cwievi myôz I my›ìfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ GKRb gvby‡li Rxe‡b hZ¸‡jv ¸Y _vKv cÖ‡qvRb me ¸YB

gnvbwe (m.)-Gi Rxe‡b wQj| wZwb ¯¿x-Kb¨v, wcZv-gvZv, fvB-†evb mK‡ji Rb¨ Av`k© wQ‡jb|cwiev‡ii †h‡Kv‡bv m`m¨ Zvui Kv‡Q mvnv‡hï Av‡e`b Ki‡j wZwb Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zb| Zv‡ì mv‡_

m`v mZ¨ K_v ej‡Zb| wg_¨v‡K wZwb AvRxeb N„Yv Ki‡Zb| Zuvi eënv‡i bgªZv cÖKvk †cZ| wZwb

cwiev‡ii mK‡ji K_v g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q ïb‡Zb| †Kv‡bv wel‡q weiw³ cÖKvk Ki‡Zb bv| cwiev‡ii

Kv‡iv cÖwZ ivM Ki‡j ïay gyL wdwi‡q wb‡Zb| fv‡jv-g›` wKQy ej‡Zb bv| Zvui cwiev‡i GKvwaK ¯¿x_vKvi ciI wZwb mK‡ji mv‡_ mgvb AvPiY Ki‡Zb| Zuvi AvPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y cwiev‡ii †Kv‡bv m`‡mï

gv‡S KL‡bv SMov weev` nq wb|

M) nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi mvgvwRK Av`k©

wek¦ kvwšÍi AMÖ`~Z gnvbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) gvbe Rxe‡bi mKj †¶‡Î kvwšÍ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ cÖ‡Póv

Pvjvb| Zuvi mg¯Í RxebB wQj ms¯‹viag©x| mgvR I RvZxq Rxe‡bi Ggb †Kv‡bv w`K †bB hv wZwbmy›ì I Kj¨vYgyLx K‡i ms¯‹vi K‡ib wb| mvgvwRK AZ¨vPvi I AÜKvi AbvPv‡i wbgw¾Z Avie

mgv‡R wZwb we‡k¦i me©‡kªô Av`k© cªwZôv K‡ib|

Rv‡nwj hy‡M wewfbœ Kvi‡Y †MvÎ`›Ø †j‡M _vKZ| mvgvb¨ Kvi‡YB †Mv‡Î †Mv‡Î hy× †e‡a †hZ| Zv Qvov

Avie giyPvix MÖvg¨ †jv‡Kiv jyUZivR KiZ| nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) mg¯Í hy‡×i Aemvb NUv‡jb GesjyUZivR eÜ K‡i kvwšÍ cÖwZôv Ki‡jb|

gnvbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) bvix‡ì mvgvwRK AwaKvi cÖwZôvq wewfbœ c`‡¶c wb‡jb| Bmjvg c~e© hy‡MAvi‡ei A‡bK †Mv‡Î I mgv‡R bvix‡ì †Kv‡bv gh©v`vB wQj bv| Zviv †Kej †fv‡Mi cvÎ wQj|

DËivwaKvix m¤úwË n‡Z Zviv ewÂZ wQj| gnvbwe (m.) bvix‡ì Gme `yM©wZ n‡Z i¶v K‡ib| Zv‡ìag©xq mvgvwRK AwaKvi cÖwZôv K‡i me©‡kªô ¯’vb †`b| wZwb †NvlYv K‡ib- A_©-

Ògv‡qi c`Z‡j mšÍv‡bi †e‡nkZ|Ó (Kvbhyj D¤§vj)

gnvbwe (m.) Kb¨vmšÍvb‡K RxweZ Kei †Ìqv eÜ K‡ib| Kb¨vmšÍvb Rb¥ †Ìqv‡K Awfkv‡ci

cwie‡Z© m¤§v‡bi e‡j AvL¨v †`b| my›ìfv‡e Kb¨vmšÍvb jvjb-cvjbKvixi Rb¨ †e‡nk‡Zi †NvlYv †`b|

abx-Mwie mK‡ji Rvbvhvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Zb| †Mvjvg-`vmx mK‡ji `vIqvZ MÖnY Ki‡Zb| Zuvi AvPvi-

AvPi‡Y nZvkvMÖ¯’ gvbyl w`Kwb‡`©kbv †cZ|

G Qvov wZwb mvgvwRK mKj AbvPvi I êlg¨ `~i K‡ib| †QvU-eo mK‡ji AwaKvi cÖwZôv K‡ib|mKj cÖKv‡ii mvgvwRK I ˆbwZK Ae¶q †hgb-my`, Nyl, g`, Ryqv I †envqvcbv BZ¨vw` wbwl× K‡ib|

Gfv‡e wZwb mvgvwRK Av`k© cÖwZôv K‡ib|

Av`k© RxebPwiZ 117

N) nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi ivR‰bwZK Av`k©gnvbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) cwic~Y© Bmjvwg ivóª cªwZôv K‡i ivR‰bwZK †bZ…‡Z¡i AmvaviY `„óvšÍDc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| ivóª cwiPvjbvq Avj KziAv‡bi me©Rbxb MYZvwš¿K bxwZ AbymiY K‡ib|

Bmjvg c~e© hy‡M Avi‡ei A‡bK mgvR I †MvÎ Ô†Rvi hvi g~jøyK ZviÕ G bxwZ‡Z wek¦vmx wQj| gnvbwe(m.) †`k cwiPvjbvq RbM‡Yi gZvg‡Zi ¯^xK…wZ †`b| hv MYZ‡š¿i g~j K_v| wZwb abx, Mwie, wkw¶Z,Awkw¶Z, eY©, †MvÎ mKj êl‡gï Aemvb NUvb| iv‡óªi mK‡ji mgAwaKvi I †gŠwjK AwaKvi cÖwZôvK‡ib| wZwb Agymwjg bvMwiK‡ìI wbivcËv †`b| Zv‡ì ivóªxq AwaKvi cÖwZôv K‡ib| AvB‡bi kvmbcÖwZôv K‡ib| AvB‡bi †Pv‡L gymwjg-Agymwjg, ag©, eY©-†MvÎ mK‡j mgvb G bxwZi ev¯Íevqb K‡ib|wZwb ivóªxq wfwË gReyZ Kivi Rb¨ gymjgvb, wLª÷vb I Bûw` m¤cÖ`v‡qi gv‡S m¤cÖxwZ cÖwZôvi Rb¨GKwU Pzw³ m¤úv`b K‡ib| G Pzw³ Ôgw`bv mb`Õ bv‡g cwiwPZ|

O) gnvbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi A_©‰bwZK Av`k©gnvbwe (m.) ZrKvjxb Avie mgv‡R cÖPwjZ Pµe„w× nv‡i my‡ì †h cÖPjb wQj Zv wbwl× †NvlYvK‡ib| my‡ì cwie‡Z© eëmv‡K DrmvwnZ K‡ib| Avjøvn e‡jb-

ÒAvjøvn my`‡K nvivg (wbwl×) Avi eëmv‡K nvjvj (êa) K‡i‡Qb|Ó ( myiv evKviv, AvqvZ 275)

Nyl cÖ_vI wZwb K‡Vvifv‡e wbwl× K‡ib| wZwb †NvlYv K‡ib: ÒNyl MÖnxZv I Nyl `vZv Df‡qRvnvbœvwgÓ| mgvR †_‡K wZwb cÖZviYvg~jK mKj eëmv eÜ K‡i †`b| m¤ú‡ì mylg eÈ‡bi eë¯’vK‡ib| m¤ú‡` hv‡Z RbM‡Yi AwaKvi wbwðZ _v‡K Zvi D‡`¨vM †bb| ivR‡¯i Drm wn‡m‡e hvKvZ,MwYgZ (hy×jä mvgMÖx), wRwhqv (Agymwjg n‡Z Av`vqK…Z wbivcËv Ki), LvivR (Agymwjg‡ìf~wgKi), Dki (gymwjg‡ì Drcbœ dm‡ji Ki) BZ¨vw` MÖnY K‡ib|

cvV 5

nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.)

cwiPqnhiZ Avwqkv (iv.) wQ‡jb nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi me©Kwbôv ¯¿x| wZwb Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g Lwjdv nhiZAvey eKi (iv.)-Gi Kb¨v| Zuvi gv‡qi bvg D‡¤§ iy¤§vb| Zuvi Dcvwa wQj ÔwmwÏKvÕ I ÔûgvqivÕ| Avi ZvuiDcbvg n‡jv-D¤§yj gywgwbb I D¤§y Avãyjøvn| wZwb wnRi‡Zi c~‡e© 613/614 wLª÷v‡ã g°vq Rb¥MÖnYK‡ib| KzivBk es‡ki wbqgvbyhvqx R‡b¥i ci Zuvi jvjb-cvj‡bi fvi †Ìqv nq Iqv‡qj bv‡g GK†jv‡Ki ¯¿xi Dci| wkïKvj †_‡KB wZwb wQ‡jb cÖLi †gavi AwaKvwibx| wkïKvj †_‡K Zuvi wk¶vMÖnYïiy nq| ˆkkeKv‡jB Zuvi AvPvi-AvPiY, Pvj-Pjb, K_vevZ©v I †gavkw³ mKj‡K gy» K‡iwQj| Zuvig‡a¨ me©`v wkïmyjf êwkó¨ we`¨gvb wQj| wZwb Ab¨ wkï‡ì g‡Zv †Ljvayjv, Av‡gv`dywZ© I†`Šov‡`vwo Ki‡Z fv‡jvevm‡Zb|


nhiZ Lvw`Rv (iv.)-Gi g„Zzï ci beyq‡Zi `kg m‡b gnvbwe (m.)-Gi mv‡_ nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.)-Giïf weevn m¤úbœ nq| nhiZ LvIjv web‡Z nvwKg wQ‡jb G weev‡ni NUK| G we‡q‡Z †`b‡gvniwba©vwiZ nq 480 wìnvg| weev‡ni wZb eQi ci ivmyj (m.)-Gi mv‡_ nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.)-Gi `v¤úZ¨Rxeb ïiy nq| nhiZ Avey eKi (iv.) weev‡ni Kvwhi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|

wk¶vRxebZrKvjxb Avie mgv‡R †jLv-covi †Zgb my‡hvM-myweav wQj bv| nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.) wcZvi KvQ †_‡KBg~jZ †jLvcov ïiy K‡ib| wZwb Kve¨, mvwnZ¨ I BwZnvm wel‡q wk¶v jvf K‡ib| wZwb AZ¨šÍ †gavexwQ‡jb| hv GKevi ïb‡Zb mv‡_ mv‡_ gyL¯’ K‡i †dj‡Zb| cuyw_MZ we`¨v AR©b QvovI wZwb M„n¯’vjxwe`¨vq cvi`k©x wQ‡jb |

Bd‡Ki NUbvlô wnRwi m‡b eby gy¯ÍvwjK hy‡× ivmyj (m.)-Gi mv‡_ nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.)I wQ‡jb| hy× n‡Z †divic‡_ Zuvi Mjvi nvi nvwi‡q hvq| nviv‡bv nvi LuyR‡Z wM‡q wZwb Kv‡djv n‡Z wcQ‡b c‡o hvb| wdi‡Z†`wi n‡q hvq| G my‡hv‡M gybvwdKiv Zuvi weiy‡× Acev` iUbv Kij| G‡Z wZwb Pig gvbwmKwech©‡qi m¤§yLxb nb| Zuvi Rxeb G‡Kev‡i welYœ n‡q I‡V| wKšÍy wZwb âh© nvivY wb| Avjøvni IciAv¯’v †i‡L AUj wQ‡jb| G mg‡q ivmyj (m.)I †Kv‡bv wm×v‡šÍ †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡ib wb| wZwb wPwšÍZn‡jb| nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.)-Gi wcZvgvZvI Pig DrKÉv, `ywðšÍv I D‡Ø‡Mi g‡a¨ KvjvwZcvZKiwQ‡jb| Ae‡k‡l nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.)-Gi cweÎZv eY©bv K‡i myiv by‡i 11-12 b¤î AvqvZ bvwRjn‡jv| gybvwdK‡ì lohš¿ e¨_© n‡jv| ivmyj (m.) wPšÍvgy³ n‡jb| nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.)-Gi cweÎZv IPvwiwÎK gvayh© Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q coj|

wk¶vq Ae`vbnhiZ Avwqkv (iv.) wQ‡jb weP¶Y, eyw×gZx AmvaviY Ávb I cÖÁvi AwaKvwibx| wZwb Áv‡bi wewfbœkvLvq AmvaviY ey¨rcwË AR©b K‡ib| we‡kl K‡i Zvdwmi, nvw`m, wdKn& I Avie‡ì wewfbœ NUbvm¤ú‡K© Zuvi AmvaviY `¶Zv wQj| kwiqv‡Zi wewfbœ gvmqvjv gvmv‡qj I bxwZMZ wel‡q Zvi civgk©†bIqv n‡Zv| Zzjbvg~jK Kg eqm nIqv m‡Ë¡I wZwb wQ‡jb bvix‡ì g‡a¨ me©vwaK nvw`m eY©bvKvix|A‡bK mvnvwe I Zv‡ewq Zuvi KvQ †_‡K nvw`m eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Zvui ewY©Z nvw`‡mi msL¨v 2210wU|Zb¥‡a¨ 174wU nvw`m Bgvg eyLvwi I Bgvg gymwjg †hŠ_fv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg eyLvwi 54wU nvw`mGes Bgvg gymwjg 69wU nvw`m GKKfv‡e Zv‡ì wKZv‡e D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Avjøvni wKZve I mybœv‡Zie¨vL¨v we‡k-l‡Y wZwb wQ‡jb AwØZxq| Be‡b wknve Ryûwi e‡jb, ÔwZwb (Av‡qkv) gvby‡li g‡a¨ me‡P‡qeo Ávbx wQ‡jb|Õ (ZvnwheyZ& Zvnwhe)

wk¶KZvD¤§yj †gvwgwbb nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.) wk¶v`v‡b wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| we‡klfv‡e bvix‡ì wewfbœ welq ZuviKv‡Q wRÁvmv Kiv n‡Zv| wZwb nvw`m wk¶v`v‡b †ewk mgq e¨q Ki‡Zb| GKmv‡_ Zuvi wk¶v_©xi msL¨v

Av`k© RxebPwiZ 119

wQj 200-Gi AwaK| A‡bK eo eo mvnvwe Zuvi †_‡K nvw`m eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wewfbœ NUbv, cÖ‡kœvËiGes mvgvwRK ev¯ÍeZvi Av‡jv‡K wk¶v w`‡Zb| nhiZ Avey gymv Avkqvwi (iv.), Avãyjøvn Be‡b AveŸvm(iv.), Avgi Be‡b AvQ (iv.) cÖgyL mvnvwe Zuvi nvw`‡mi cvV`v‡b wbqwgZ AskMÖnY Ki‡Zb|

Rxebv`k©nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.)-Gi PwiÎ I Av`k© AZzjbxq| wZwb Zuvi PvwiwÎK ¸Yvewji Øviv mK‡ji Kv‡QMÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi g‡a¨ eû¸‡Yi mgš^q N‡UwQj| wZwb wQ‡jb, Abb¨ my›ìx, Zx¶è †gavkw³m¤úbœ, m‡Zï mvaK, Av`k© ¯^vgx †mweKv, ÁvbZvcm m`vjvcx| GK K_vq ej‡Z †M‡j gvbexq Pwi‡ÎimKj ¸Y Zuvi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb wQj|

gybvwdK I wnsmyKMY Zuvi Ici †h Acev` w`‡qwQj ZLb wZwb Avjøvni Ici wbf©ikxj wQ‡jb| âh©BZv‡K A¶Z †i‡LwQj|

iv‡Zi AwaKvsk mgq wZwb Bev`‡Z gk¸j _vK‡Zb| Mwie Amnvq‡ì `vb m`Kv Ki‡Z wZwb cQ›`Ki‡Zb I Avb›` †c‡Zb| `vbkxjZv, wgZe¨wqZv, `qv-ci‡cvKvwiZv, Bev`ZKvwibx me© cÖKvi ¸‡Y wZwb¸Yvwš^Z wQ‡jb| ¯vgx †cÖgI Zvi Rxe‡bi Ab¨Zg êwkó¨ wQj| ivmyj (m.)I Zuvi mv‡_ †Ljvayjv I†`Šo cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ki‡Zb| c`©vi AvqvZ bvwRj nIqvi ci wZwb K‡Vvifv‡e c`v© Ki‡Zb|

nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.)-Gi gh©v`vnhiZ Avwqkv (iv.) ivmyj (m.)-Gi AwZ Av`‡ii mnawg©Yx wQ‡jb| wZwb gnvbwe (m.)-Gi Ab¨ ¯¿x‡ì†_‡K we‡kl gh©v`vi AwaKvix wQ‡jb| ivmyj (m.) e‡jb- Òbvix RvwZi Ici Avwqkv (iv.)-Gi gh©v`v†Zgb, †hgb Lv`¨mvgMÖxi Ici mvwi‡ì gh©v`v|Ó (eyLvwi I Be‡b gvRvn)| mvwi` n‡jv Avi‡ei †kªôLv`¨, hv iywU †MvkZ I †Sv‡ji mgš^‡q ˆZwi nq| ivmyj (m.) AviI e‡jb-ÒAvwqkv (iv) n‡jb-gwnjv‡ì mvnvh¨Kvwibx|Ó (Kvbhyj D¤§vj)

GKevi bwe Kvwig (m.) Avwqkv (iv.)-†K j¶¨ K‡i e‡jb-Ò†n Avwqkv! Bwb wReªvBj, †Zvgv‡K mvjvgw`‡”Q|Ó (eyLvwi)| nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.) wbR eyw×gËv, Kg©`¶Zv I †hvM¨Zvi wfwË‡Z we‡kl gh©v`v AR©bK‡iwQ‡jb| AvR‡Ki bvix mgvRI hw` nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.)-Gi g‡Zv Zcm¨v K‡ib Zvn‡j ZuvivIgh©v`vevb n‡eb|

BwšÍKvj

D¤§yj †gv‡gwbb nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.) 58 wnRwii 17 ighvb 678 wLª÷v‡ãi 13 RyjvB BwšÍKvj K‡ib|ZLb Zuvi eqm wQj 58 eQi| ivmyj (m.)-Gi BwšÍKv‡ji ci AviI 40 eQi RxweZ wQ‡jb| Zuv‡KRvbœvZzj evwK bvgK Kei¯’v‡b mgvwnZ Kiv nq|

nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.)-Gi âh©, Ávbmvabv, cvwÊZ¨, ¯vgxfw³ I PvwiwÎK gvayh© Avgv‡ì Aby‡cÖiYvi Drm|

KvR : wk¶v_x©iv nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.)-Gi DËg Pwi‡Îi Dci GKwU Aby‡”Q` wj‡L wkK¶‡K †`Lv‡e|


cvV 6

nhiZ Dgi Be‡b Avãyj Avwhh (i.)

cwiPqnhiZ Dgi Be‡b Avãyj Avwhh 61 wnRwi m‡b DgvBqv es‡k Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg AvãyjAvwhh| gvZv n‡jb wØZxq Lwjdv nhiZ Dgi (iv.)-Gi †cŠÎx D¤§y Avwmg jvqjv| wZwb GKRb DgvBqvLwjdv wQ‡jb| Zvu‡K ÔwØZxq DgiÕ I Bmjv‡gi ÔcÂg LwjdvÕ ejv nq|

ˆkke I wk¶vRxebwkïKvj n‡ZB wZwb wQ‡jb †Lv`vfxiy I ÁvbZvcm| wkï eq‡m wZwb wcZvi mv‡_ wgmi Mgb K‡ib Ges†mLv‡bB cÖv_wgK wk¶vjvf K‡ib| Gici wZwb KziAvb I nvw`‡mi D”PZi Ávb jv‡fi Avkvq gw`bvqMgb K‡ib| ZrKvjxb mg‡q gw`bvi weL¨vZ wk¶K‡ì wbKU n‡Z wZwb ÁvbvR©b K‡ib| wZwb KziAvb,nvw`m, Zvdwmi I Aviwe mvwn‡Zï Dci D”P wk¶vMÖnY K‡ib| wZwb DgvBqv kvmK Lwjdv Avãyjgvwj‡Ki Kb¨v dvwZgvi mv‡_ weevn eÜ‡b Ave× nb|

Mfb©i c‡` wb‡qvMjvfLwjdv Iqvwj` Dgi Be‡b Avãyj Avwhh‡K 87 wnRwi m‡b gw`bvi Mfb©i wnmv‡e wb‡qvM `vb K‡ib|wZwb AZ¨šÍ mZZv, wbôv, AvšÍwiKZv I `vwqZ¡‡eva mnKv‡i `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| myôy I my›ìfv‡ekvmbKvh© cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wZwb gRwj‡k ïiv MVb K‡ib| Gi m`m¨ wQj `k Rb gyËvwK (Avjøvnfxiy)†jvK| wZwb kvmbKv‡h©i cÖwZwU ¸iyZ¡c~Y© wel‡q gRwj‡k ïivi gZvgZ MÖnY Ki‡Zb|

kvmK wnmv‡e wZwb wQ‡jb b¨vqcivqY| b¨vqwePvi wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨ wZwb ˆbwZK g~j¨‡evam¤úbœwePviK wb‡qvM K‡ib| Mfb©i _vKvKv‡j wZwb b¨vqwePvi cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb| G Kvi‡Y ZrKvjxb cÖL¨vZgbxlx mvC` Bebyj gymvq¨ve Zuv‡K Ôgvnw`Õ (myc_cÖvß) Dcvwa w`‡qwQ‡jb|

RbKj¨vYg~jK KvRMfb©i wbe©vwPZ n‡q Dgi Be‡b Avãyj Avwhh Rbmvavi‡Yi Kj¨vYv‡_© KvR ïiy K‡ib| wZwb ÔgmwR‡`beweÕi ms¯‹vi I †mŠ›`h© ewa©Z K‡ib| wZwb AmsL¨ Nievwo, cqtcÖYvjx I iv¯ÍvNvU wbg©vY K‡ib|wccvmvZ© gvby‡li Rb¨ wZwb A‡bK K~c Lbb K‡ib| gmwR‡` bewei evMv‡b GKwU SY©v I †PŠev”Pv wbg©vYK‡ib| mgMÖ GjvKvq we‡kl K‡i g°v, gw`bv I Zv‡q‡di gv‡S PjvP‡ji Rb¨ ms‡hvM moK ˆZwi K‡ib|

ïay RbKj¨vYg~jK KvR bq wZwb Áv‡biI cÖmvi NwU‡q‡Qb| wZwb Ávbwccvmy wQ‡jb| Mfb©i_vKvKv‡jI wZwb cÖkvmwbK `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi cvkvcvwk KziAvb, nvw`m I Ab¨vb¨ wKZvevw` Aa¨qbKi‡Zb|

Lwjdv c` jvf

wnRwi 99 mb †gvZv‡eK 717 wLª÷v‡ã DgvBqv Lwjdv myjvBgvb Be‡b Avãyj gvwjK BwšÍKvj Ki‡jDgi Be‡b Avãyj Avwhh gymwjg Rvnv‡bi Lwjdv wbhy³ nb|

Av`k© RxebPwiZ 121

Lwjdv wbhy³ n‡q wZwb c~e©eZ©x Lwjdv‡ì M„nxZ mKj Ab¨vq bxwZ evwZj K‡i KziAvb I mybœvniAv‡jv‡K ivóª cwiPvjbv ïiy K‡ib| wZwb MYZvwš¿K Dcv‡q Lwjdv wbev©P‡b wek¦vmx wQ‡jb| ZvB wZwbDcw¯’Z †jvK‡ì e‡jb- Ô†n gvbegÊjx! Avgvi Awb”Qv I mvaviY gvby‡li gZvgZ Qvov Avgv‡K Lwjdvg‡bvbxZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avwg Avcbv‡ì eva¨ KiwQ bv, Avcbviv hv‡K B”Qv Lwjdv wbe©vPb Kiyb|Õ Zvi Gfvl‡Yi m‡½ m‡½ Dcw¯’Z RbZv ej‡jv ÔAvgiv Avcbv‡K Lwjdv wn‡m‡e †g‡b wbjvg, Avgiv AvcbviwLjvd‡Zi Ici mšÍyó|Õ AZtci wZwb wbe©vwPZ ivóªcÖavb wn‡m‡e kc_ MÖnY K‡ib|

Lwjdv wbhy³ nIqvi ci cÖv‡`wkK Mfb©i‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ †cÖwiZ wPwV‡Z wZwb D‡jøL Ki‡jb-Ô†ZvgivAvjøvn‡K fq Ki, Zvi wKZve †g‡b P‡jv Ges ivmy‡ji mybœvZ AbymiY Ki|Õ

DgvBqv es‡ki †jvKRb ivóªxq ¶gZvi cÖfv‡e ivóª I Rbmvavi‡Yi †h mKj m¤ú` `Lj K‡i †i‡LwQjwZwb Zv ivóªxq †KvlvMv‡i Ges h_vh_ gvwj‡Ki Kv‡Q †diZ †Ìqvi eë¯’v K‡ib| GgbwK Zuvi ¯xq¯¿xi m¤úwË, Dc‡XŠKbmvgMÖx, Mnbvw` ivóªxq †KvlvMvi ev evBZzj gv‡j Rgv †`b| ivóªxq mKj †¶‡Î†Lvjvdv‡q iv‡k`vi Av`k© ev¯Íevqb K‡ib| we‡kl K‡i nhiZ Igi (iv.)-Gi kvmbbxwZ AbymiY K‡ib|Abvie gymwjg‡ì AwaKvi cÖwZôv K‡ib| wZwb me©Rbxb gvbeZv‡ev‡a D™¢~× n‡q wbi‡c¶ kvmbbxwZcÖYqb K‡ib| iv‡óª myLkvwšÍ, mg„w× I wbivcËv weav‡bi Rb¨ c~e©eZ©x DgvBqv Lwjdv‡ì mvgªvRëv`x I¯^v_v©‡šlx bxwZ m¤ú~Y©i~‡c eR©b K‡ib| iv‡óª b¨vqcivqYZv, ag©civqbZv, mv‡gï aviYv I mKj RbM‡Yi†gŠwjK AwaKvi cÖwZôv K‡ib| G Kvi‡Y Zuv‡K ÔDgvBqv mvayÕ (Umayyad Saint) ejv nq|

nvw`m msKj‡b Ae`vbBmjvwg Rxeb eë¯’vi wØZxq Drm n‡”Q Avj nvw`m| ivmyj (m.)-Gi nvw`m¸‡jv nvwi‡q hvIqvi Dcµgn‡j nhiZ Dgi web Avãyj Avwhh Lye wPwšÍZ n‡q c‡ob| nvw`m¸‡jv msi¶Y I msKj‡Yi Rb¨ wZwbcÖv‡`wkK Mfb©i‡ì wb‡`©k †`b| wZwb Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †j‡Lb-Ô†Zvgiv ivmyj (m.)-Gi nvw`‡mi cÖwZ `„wó`vI Ges Zv msMÖn I msKjY K‡iv|Õ ZviB cÖ‡Póvq gymwjg we‡k¦ nvw`m msKwjZ nq| GiBavivevwnKZvq eyLvwi, gymwjg, Avey `vD`, wZiwgwh, Be‡b gvhvnmn Ab¨vb¨ nvw`m MÖš’ msKwjZ nq|d‡j nvw`m nvwi‡q hvIqv I weK…wZ nIqv †_‡K i¶v cvq|

cÖwk¶Y I wk¶v cÖPv‡ii eë¯’vDgi web Avãyj Avwhh wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h Ôwk¶vB RvwZi †giy`ÊÕ| wZwb Mfb©i‡ì wbKU †cÖwiZ c‡Îwk¶v I cÖwk¶‡Yi e¨vcv‡i evievi ZvwM` w`‡Zb| wk¶v cÖmv‡ii j‡¶¨ wZwb A‡bK cÖwk¶K wb‡qvMK‡ib| wk¶K‡ì Rb¨ gv_vwcQy gvwmK 100 w`bvi (¯^Y©gy`ªv) fvZvi eë¯’v K‡ib| Zuvi mg‡q wmÜz,Avwd«Kv, †¯úbmn wewfbœ †`‡k Bmjvg I Ávb-weÁv‡bi cÖmvi N‡U|

K…wZZ¡wØZxq Dgi bv‡g L¨vZ nhiZ Dgi web Avãyj Avwhh ivóª cwiPvjbvq KziAvb-nvw`m I †Lvjvdv‡qiv‡kw`‡bi bxwZ AbymiY K‡iwQ‡jb| ZvB Zuv‡K Pvi Lwjdvi ci Bmjv‡gi cÂg Lwjdv ejv nq|

Zuvi Avg‡j K…wl I eëmv evwY‡Rï cÖf~Z DbœwZ mvwaZ nq| wZwb gvby‡li gv‡S cvi¯úwiK we‡iva `~iK‡i mvg¨ I m¤cÖxwZi mgvR cÖwZôv K‡ib| Zuvi mg‡q Rbmvavi‡Yi Avw_©K Ae¯’vi GZ‡ewk DbœwZn‡qwQj †h, hvKvZ MÖnY Kivi g‡Zv †jvKI Lyu‡R cvIqv †hZ bv| wZwb wQ‡jb GKvav‡i dwKn (BmjvwgAvBbkv‡¯¿ we‡klÁ), gyRZvwn` (Bmjvg ag©Áv‡b mycwÊZ) Ges KziAvb I nvw`‡mi nvwdh|


PwiÎnhiZ Dgi web Avãyj Avwhh wQ‡jb Avjøvni wb‡`©k cvjbKvix, webqx I bgª cÖK…wZi gvbyl| Zuvi AšÍ‡iGZ AvjøvnfxwZ wQj †h, wZwb cÖvq Avjøvni f‡q Kuv`‡Zb| Lwjdv n‡qI wZwb AZ¨šÍ mnR-mij IAbvo¤i Rxebhvcb Ki‡Zb| ivóªxq †KvlvMvi †_‡K ˆ`wbK gvÎ `y-wìnvg fvZv MÖnY Ki‡Zb|

GKRb b¨vqcivqY kvmK wn‡m‡e wZwb Ab¨ ag©vj¤x‡ì mv‡_ eÜzZ¡c~Y© eënvi Ki‡Zb| Zvi Avg‡jwLª÷vb, Bûw` I AwM¥ DcvmKMY‡K Zv‡ì wMR©v I Dcvmbvjq wbR wbR AwaKv‡i ivLvi AbygwZ †Ìqvn‡qwQj| Zvi Avg‡j mKj a‡g©i †jvK ¯^vaxbfv‡e wbR wbR ag© cvjb KiZ| wZwb mv¤cÖ`vwqKZviwecix‡Z D`vi wPšÍvavivi gvbyl wQ‡jb| wZwb ÔAvBjvÕ I mvBcÖv‡mi wLª÷vb‡ì Ki Kwg‡q †`b|bvRiv‡bi wLª÷vb‡ì wZwb we‡kl myweav cÖ`vb K‡ib| ÁvbPP©vq Agymwjg gbxlx‡ìI mvnvh¨K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb Zv‡ì Øviv K‡qKwU MÖš’ Aviwe‡Z Abyev` K‡i Zv cÖKv‡ki eë¯’v K‡ib|

BwšÍKvjG gnvgbxlx 101 wnRwi †gvZv‡eK 719 wLª÷v‡ãi iRe gv‡m gvÎ 39 eQi eq‡m BwšÍKvj K‡ib| ZviwLjvdZKvj wQj cÖvq AvovB eQi| Avgiv nhiZ Dgi web Avãyj Avwh‡hi Rxebv`k© AbymiY Kie|Zuvi ag©civqYZv, Rxebmvabv, b¨vqcivqYZv Ges Amv¤cÖ`vwqK Av`k© Avgv‡ì Rxe‡b ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z†Póv Kie|

KvR : wk¶v_x©iv nhiZ Dgi web Avãyj Avwh‡hi ag©civqYZv I D`vi `„wófw½ m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡cevwoi KvR wn‡m‡e wj‡L wk¶K‡K †`Lv‡e|

cvV 7

nhiZ iv‡eqv emwi (i.)

Rb¥ I cwiPqBmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m bvix‡ì g‡a¨ hviv gnvb Avjøvni ˆbKU¨ I mšÍywó AR©b K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ nhiZiv‡eqv emwi (i.) Ab¨Zg| G gnvb Zvcmx igbx 99 wnRwi †gvZv‡eK 717 wLª÷v‡ã Biv‡Ki emivbMix‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| ZvB Zuv‡K emwi ejv nq| Zuvi wcZv Lye `wi`ª wQ‡jb| †hw`b iv‡Z wZwbRb¥MÖnY K‡ib H w`b iv‡Z Zvi wcZvi N‡i cª`xc R¡vjv‡bvi g‡Zv ˆZjI wQj bv| Zuvi wcZvI GKRbgyËvwK (Avjøvnfxiy) wQ‡jb| Pvi †ev‡bi g‡a¨ wZwb PZz_© wQ‡jb| ZvB Zvi bvg ivLv n‡jv iv‡eqv(PZz_©)| evj¨ eq‡mB Zvi wcZvgvZv BwšÍKvj K‡ib| d‡j Zuv‡K AwZ K‡ó w`bvwZcvZ Ki‡Z nq|

µxZ`vmxnhiZ iv‡eqv emwi (i.)-Gi wcZvgvZvi BwšÍKv‡ji ci Zvi eo †ev‡biv Rxeb I RxweKvi A‡šl‡YAb¨Î P‡j hvb| G mg‡q emivq `ywf©¶ †`Lv w`‡j wZwb µxZ`vmx wn‡m‡e weµxZ nb| Zuvi gwbe wQj

Av`k© RxebPwiZ 123

`yó cÖK…wZi| ZvB Zuv‡K w`‡q A‡bK KvR KivZ| iv‡eqv emwi w`‡bi †ejvq K‡Vvi cwikªg Ki‡Zb|ZviciI iv‡Zi †ejvq wewb ª †_‡K ïay Avjøvni Bev`Z Ki‡Zb|

GKw`b iv‡Z Zuvi gwb‡ei Nyg †f‡O †Mj| †m Rvbvjv w`‡q †`L‡Z †cj, Zvi µxZ`vmx iv‡eqvGKwbôfv‡e Avjøvni Bev`Z Ki‡Q| Ici n‡Z GKwU evwZ Zvi Ni Av‡jvwKZ K‡i †i‡L‡Q| GKch©v‡q iv‡eqv gybvRvZ a‡i Avjøvni ìev‡i ej‡jb, Ô†n Avjøvn Zzwg Avgv‡K †Kv‡bv gvby‡li Aaxb K‡ibv ivL‡j Avwg me©¶Y ïay †Zvgvi Bev`Z KiZvg|Õ iv‡eqvi gwbe G Ae¯’v †`‡L fq †c‡q †Mj GesmKvj‡ejv Zuv‡K cwic~Y© ¯^vaxb K‡i w`j| wZwb Rxe‡b weevn K‡ib wb| †Kej Avjøvni Bev`‡Z RxebKvwU‡q †`b|

Avjøvni Ici Av¯’v I Bev`ZZvcmx iv‡eqv emwi (i.) Avjøvni Ici †ewk wbf©ikxj wQ‡jb| wZwb RxY© KzwU‡i emevm Ki‡Zb| Zey†Kv‡bv gvby‡li mvnvh¨ MÖnY Ki‡Zb bv| nhiZ iv‡eqv emwi Amy¯’ n‡j Avãyj Iqvwn` Avgi I cÖL¨vZgynvwÏm mywdqvb mvIwi Zuv‡K †`L‡Z hvb| ZLb mywdqvb mvIwi nhiZ iv‡eqv emwi‡K ej‡jb, hwÀvcwb gyL Ly‡j e‡jb Zvn‡j Avjøvn Avcbv‡K my¯’ K‡i †`‡eb| iv‡eqv ej‡jb, †n Avey mywdqvb AvcwbwK Rv‡bb bv Kvi B”Qvq Avgvi G Amy¯’Zv? huvi B”Qv wZwb wK Avjøvn bb? mywdqvb ej‡jb, n¨vu! iv‡eqvej‡jb, Zvn‡j †Kb Avgv‡K Avjøvni B”Qvi weiy‡× cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z ej‡Qb!

gvwjK web w`bvi bv‡g GK †jvK iv‡eqv emwii cwiwPZ wQj| wZwb GK`v iv‡eqvi Avw_©K `yie¯’v†`‡L ej‡jb, Avcwb ej‡j Avwg Avgvi GK abxeÜz n‡Z Avcbvi Rb¨ mvnvh¨ Avb‡Z cvwi| iv‡eqvej‡jb, †n gvwjK! Avgv‡K Ges Avcbvi eÜz‡K wK AvjøvnB wiwhK †`b bv? gvwjK ejj, nu¨v! iv‡eqvej‡jb, Avjøvn wK `wi ª‡K Zvi `vwi‡`ªï Kvi‡Y fy‡j hv‡eb? Ges abx‡ì‡K Zv‡ì abm¤ú‡ìKvi‡Y g‡b ivL‡eb? gvwjK ejj, bv| ZLb iv‡eqv ej‡jb, Avjøvn †h‡nZz Avgvi Ae¯’v Rv‡bb ZLbZv‡K Avgvi Avevi ¯§iY Kiv‡bvi ìKvi Kx?

Avj Rvwnh e‡jb, iv‡eqvi K‡qKRb cwiwPZ †jvK Zuv‡K ej‡jb, Avgiv hw` Avcbvi AvZ¥xq ¯Rb‡ìewj Zvn‡j Zviv Avcbv‡K GKRb µxZ`vm wK‡b †`‡eb| iv‡eqv ej‡jb, mZ¨ K_v GB †h, whwb mg¯Íc„w_exi gvwjK Zvi Kv‡QB cvw_©e wKQz PvB‡Z Avgvi j¾v nq| AZGe hviv c„w_exi gvwjK bq Zv‡ìKv‡Q Kx K‡i Avwg PvB‡Z cvwi?

Bev`Z Kivi †¶‡Î nhiZ iv‡eqv emwi (i.) wQ‡jb AZzjbxq| wZwb hLbB mgq †c‡Zb ZLbB AvjøvniBev`‡Z e¨¯Í n‡q †h‡Zb| AwaKvsk mgq wZwb w`‡b †ivRv ivL‡Zb Avi iv‡Z bdj bvgvh co‡Zb|wZwb me©`v Avjøvni wbKU G e‡j cÖv_©bv Ki‡Zb †h, Ô†n cÖfy, Avgv‡K Avgvi wbR Kv‡R (Bev`‡Z) e¨¯ÍivLyb| hv‡Z Avgv‡K †KD Avcbvi whwKi (¯§iY) n‡Z wegyL Ki‡Z bv cv‡i|Õ

Ava¨vwZ¥KZvïay cyiylivB Avjøvni ˆbKU¨ jvf K‡i‡Q Ggb bq| A‡bK bvixI Avjøvni ÔIwjÕ (eÜz ev Kv‡Qi †jvK)n‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| Avjøvn Zv‡ì A‡bK Ava¨vwZ¥K ¶gZv w`‡q‡Qb| nhiZ iv‡eqv emwi (i.)-GiI A‡bKAva¨vwZ¥K ¶gZv wQj|


GK`v nhiZ iv‡eqv emwi (i.) GKwU nuvwo‡Z wKQz Lv`¨`ªe¨ ivbœv KiwQ‡jb| Zvi GKwU †cuqv‡RiìKvi c‡o| wKšÍy Zuvi N‡i †Kv‡bv †cuqvR wQj bv| ZLb GKwU cvwL Zvi †Vuv‡U K‡i GKwU †cuqvR G‡bZuvi Kv‡Q †d‡j †`q|

nhiZ iv‡eqv emwi (i.) GKevi km¨ eybwQ‡jb| c½cv‡jiv km¨‡¶‡Zi Ici G‡m c‡owQj| ZLbiv‡eqv cÖv_©bv K‡i ej‡jb, Ô†n Avgvi cÖfy G n‡jv Avgvi RxweKv| hw` Avcwb Pvb Zvn‡j Avwg ZvAvcbvi kÎy‡ì ev eÜz‡ì‡K w`‡q †è|Õ ZLb c½cv‡jiv D‡o cvwj‡q †Mj| Iwj wn‡m‡e Zuvi †_‡KAviI A‡bK KvivgZ cÖKvwkZ i‡q‡Q|

Abvo¤î RxebhvcbnhiZ iv‡eqv emwi (i.) m`v me©`v mnR mij Rxeb-hvcb Ki‡Zb| wZwb D”Pvwfjvlx wQ‡jb bv| wZwbme©`v wb‡R‡K Lye Zz”Q g‡b Ki‡Zb| Avjøvni wbKU †ewk †ewk ¶gv PvB‡Zb, me©`v AvšÍwiKfv‡eAvjøvni wbKU ZvIev (Aby‡kvPbv) Ki‡Zb| wZwb ej‡Zb, Ôgy‡L wg_¨v ZvIev K‡i Kx jvf hw` Kv‡RZv cÖgvY cvIqv bv hvq| wZwb me©`v Avjøvni GKRb †kvKi¸Rvi (K…ZÁZvKvwibx) ev›`v wQ‡jb| †L‡q-bv †L‡q, `yt‡L-K‡ó, me©ve¯’vq wZwb Avjøvni K…ZÁZv Ávcb Ki‡Zb|

BwšÍKvjA‡bK kªg, Kómva¨ I Ava¨vwZ¥KZvc~Y© Rxebhvcb Kivi ci Avjøvni wcÖq GB bvix 185 wnRwi/ 801wLª÷v‡ã emivq BwšÍKvj K‡ib| Zuv‡K emivq `vdb Kiv nq| Kw_Z Av‡Q †h, gynv¤§` web Zzmx bvgKGK †jvK Zvi Ke‡i hvb| wM‡q e‡jb †h, †n iv‡eqv, Avcwb Me© Ki‡Zb †h, Dfq RM‡Zi wewbg‡qIAvcwb Avcbvi gv_v bZ Ki‡eb bv| Avcwb wK †mB DbœZ Ae¯’v jvf K‡i‡Qb? Rev‡e GKwU AvIqvRG‡jvÑ ÔAvwg hv †P‡qwQjvg Zv Avwg †c‡qwQ|Õ

nhiZ iv‡eqv emwi (i.)-Gi Rxeb Ava¨vwZ¥KZv, KómwnòzZv I msh‡gi Av`‡k© cwic~Y©| Avgiv ZuviRxe‡bi Av‡jv‡K Avgv‡ì Rxeb Moe| BnKvj I ciKv‡j kvwšÍ cve|

KvR : wk¶v_x©iv †kªwYK‡¶ e‡m nhiZ iv‡eqv emwi (i.)-Gi Rxe‡bi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU NUbviGKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i wk¶K‡K †`Lv‡e|

Av`k© RxebPwiZ 125

Abykxjbg~jK cÖkœ


1. cÖvPxbKv‡j wgmixq ev`kvn‡ì ------- ejv n‡Zv|

2. nhiZ myjvBgvb (Av.) ------- eQi beyqwZ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|

3. nhiZ Cmv (Av.) Avjøvni ev›`v Ges Zuvi -------|

4. ------- bvwhj nIqvi ci nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) eyS‡Z cvi‡jb †h, Zuvi Rxeb cÖvq †kl|


evg cvk Wvb cvk

1. A‡bK bvix I mnRmij Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Zb

2. nhiZ iv‡eqv emwi m`v me©`v Avjøvni ÔIwjÕ n‡Z †c‡i‡Qb

3. Avjøvn my`‡K nvivg Avi kwiK K‡iv bv

4. Avjøvni mv‡_ KvD‡K evovevwo K‡iv bv

5. ag© wb‡q eëmv‡K nvjvj K‡i‡Qb

mswÿß DËi cÖkœ

1. nhiZ gymv (Av.)-Gi beyqZ jv‡fi NUbv ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Ki|

2. nhiZ Cmv (Av.) m¤ú‡K© wLªóvb‡ì åvšÍ wek¦vm Kx wQj?

3. ms‡¶‡c û`vqweqvi mwÜi ¸iyZ¡ eY©bv Ki|

eY©bvg~jK cÖkœ

1. Av`k© gvbe wnmv‡e nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi msw¶ß eY©bv Ki|

2. nvw`m wk¶vq nhiZ Av‡qkv (iv.)-Gi Ae`vb eY©bv Ki|

3. nhiZ iv‡eqv emwi (i.)-Gi msw¶ß Rxebx eY©bv Ki|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1| KZ wnRwi‡Z g°v weRq nq?

K. Z…Zxq L. cÂg

M. mßg N. Aóg|


2| nhiZ gymv (Av.) KZ eQi eq‡m B‡šÍKvj K‡ib?

K. 110 L. 120

M. 130 N. 140|

3| ÔdvZûg gywebÕ ej‡Z eySvq Ñ

i. mywbw`©ó weRq

ii. my¯úó weRq

iii. û`vqweqvi mwÜ

†KvbwU mwVK?


M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii|

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 4 I 5 b¤i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI

Zv‡qe bvwej‡K ejj, we`vq n‡Ri fvl‡Yi AbymiY Ki‡j gvbe RvwZi gyw³ wbwðZ n‡e|

4| Zv‡q‡ei e³‡e¨i gva¨‡g †Kvb bwei cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b Kiv n‡q‡Q?

K. nhiZ Cmv (Av.) L. nhiZ gymv (Av.)

M. nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) N. nhiZ `vD` (Av.)|

5| Zv‡q‡ei e³e¨ AbyKi‡Yi gva¨‡g mgv‡R cÖwZwôZ n‡eÑ

i. kvwšÍ

ii. †bZ…Z¡

iii. åvZ…Z¡

†KvbwU mwVK?

K) i I ii L) i I iii

M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

Av`k© RxebPwiZ 127

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ1| gyiv` mv‡ne BDwbqb cwil‡ì †Pqvig¨vb| wZwb GjvKvq A‡bK wkÿvcÖwZôvb cÖwZôv K‡ib|

wkÿK‡ì DbœZ cÖwkÿY I we‡kl fvZv cÖ`v‡bi eë¯’v K‡ib| Mwie †gavex wkÿv_x©‡ìwkÿve„wËi eë¯’v K‡ib| wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨qbiZ Zuvi †Q‡j gyexb kxZKvjxb QzwU‡Z evwo‡Z G‡mevevi Kvh©µ‡g Lywk nq| GKw`b mKv‡j Wªwqsiy‡g e‡m †m cwÎKv cowQj| nVvr GKB MÖv‡gi †Q‡jZvwiK G‡m Awf‡hvM Kij †h, bq‡bi Mvfx Zvi av‡bi dmj bó K‡i‡Q| ZLb Zvi eveviAbycw¯’wZ‡Z Df‡qi e³e¨ ï‡b wm×všÍ w`j †h, km¨‡ÿZ c~e©ve¯’vq wd‡i Avmv ch©šÍ ZvwiKbq‡bi Mvfxi `ya †fvM Ki‡e| Dfq cÿ G wm×v‡šÍ Lywk n‡jv| Zvi wcZvI Zv‡K abëv`Rvbvj|

K. nhiZ myjvBgvb (Av.) Gi wcZvi bvg Kx?

L. gyÕwRRv ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

M. gyiv` mv‡n‡ei Kg©Kv‡Ê †Kvb gbxlxi Av`k© dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. gyex‡bi wePÿYZv nhiZ myjvBgvb (Av.)-Gi Rxebv`‡k©i Av‡jv‡K eY©bv Ki|

2| myivBqvi wcÎvj‡q KvR Ki‡Z G‡m mv‡jnvi mv‡_ myivBqvi cwiPq nq| mv‡jnv AZ¨šÍ `wi ªcwiev‡ii †g‡q| evevi g„Zzï ci K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn Ki‡Z n‡Zv| cuvP Iqv³ bvgvhh_vh_ Av`vq KiZ| mvivivZ bdj Bev`‡Z KvUv‡Z wM‡q gv‡S gv‡S Amy¯’ n‡q co‡jI Bev`‡Z†Kv‡bviƒc wei³ n‡Zv bv| †m KL‡bv cigyLv‡cÿx n‡Zv bv| Avjøvni mšÍywó AR©bB wQj GKgvÎD‡Ïk¨| †m Rxe‡b we‡qI K‡i wb| cÿvšÍ‡i myivBqv †QvU‡ejv †_‡K cov‡kvbvq e¨¯Í _vKZ|we‡kl K‡i KziAvb I nvw`m PP©vB wQj Zvi g~j KvR| ¯^vgxM„‡n wM‡q msmvi I AvZ¥xq ¯R‡biAwaKvi h_vh_ cvjbmn iv‡Zi AwaKvsk mgq Bev`‡Z gMœ _vKZ| †m wQj ms¯‹…wZgbv, Z‡ec`©vi †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi Avcm KiZ bv|

K. gnvbwe (m.) †Kv_vq we`vq n‡Ri fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb?

L. ÔmZ¨ gvbyl‡K gyw³ †`qÕÑ eywS‡q wj‡Lv|

M. myivBqvi K‡g© †Kvb gbxlxi Av`k© dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. mv‡jnvi Rxe‡b nhiZ iv‡eqv emwi (i.)-Gi Av`k© dz‡U D‡V‡QÑ Dw³wUi †hŠw³KZvwe‡kølY Ki|


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