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Transcript of etheses.psru.ac.thetheses.psru.ac.th/lib-irpsru/sites/default/files/site/default/thesis/ch2-1_21.pdf ·...

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d x w h G x a r n ~ i (2530 : 12) % 6 ~ m u ~ u 1 e ~ s l o d n ~ ' % ~ n a u ~ 8 1 i 7 b9una:uau d

m a ~ R i i n n ~ a d o u $ n o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ e r ~ a w i ~ ~ ~ p ~ 7 h n r u r s o s ~ & u a w 6 s ~ ~ m ~ 7 m ~ ~ ~ a 7 ~

fIdId6fi~G ~n$a-Yad ~ U O Z ~ G (2531) ~ d ~ ~ a ~ u ~ u i u n ~ a ~ n o ' u ' s u - d ~ n u ~ u 5 s

R ~ n a m n i s ~ h u u f (Learning) a u w ~ : o d ~ s u o ~ ~ n n a ~ ~ o d i u d ~ ~ u a ~ ~ ~ u ~ u n ~ ~ u ~

(Knowledge) na7%rb$i!~ (Understanding) p?pnxw~oflalaj=8~fbisyn~3 (Skill) kwz~fiun;

(Attlhrde) ~ P L ~ M U I ~ A U O U ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ W q ~ n 3 3 rrs-pi~rm6aA on33 e -

dOum9iu~u~~qd (Specific Knowledge) adaunulnqlunld~u~9?p.b~fia f $ % k x ~ u ~ ~ ~ u

f i ~KYna~nsdn~ iu~o3yn '~a~G~a~ ip .b

i jG aEnniuufl' (2534 : 95 - 96) nsS7a-k ni~anaum 9 9 ~ 7 ~ 1 5 4 39n-n~ UP' A' d e h rn~duupnuukw nl~npb~fl; u w f l ~ ~ n ~ ~ n ~ f i ? ~ " a a w ~ ~ n a a ~ f l u n ~ d ~ ~ m ~ u n ~ d n

B o u s u a h $ u u u ~ w u s ~ n ~ a ~ n ~ i ~acn-&annaiuw o nmanou.ruozn'osaffoa5u

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R ~ ~ & ~ ~ u ~ s u ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A ~ " ~ D P c M ~ ~ ~ w I ~ D b 8 1 ~ 7 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ 1 1 (Civil Service

m b l y of the United States and Canada, 1941 h3f3lu ?@¶I4 bulWJHm URL

InGainri Innw slnsni. 2531) IiiIuin~iurruw'liiT nm3nou. r~ ~i on.rru4Wu~uiariviu

w u a ~ ~ ~ n n ~ w ~ u n ~ . r r i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p . b p ? " ~ b u 6 ~ ~ n a ~ u ~ n m n x r i ~ nmurnulsn d a 3 n n u i nmudiuiq &@rnfiwun@dl~ 7 % ~ 8 r u l l d u ~ 9 9 ~ ~ ~ 8 r a u 7 n m

tn (w. 1973 : 613 ) ! d ~ n ~ i u n u ~ u u u ~ n ~ a a n a u ~ u ~ a ' i ~ nmuds n a : ~ a u n 1 s ~ ~ ~ ~ u $ e r ~ n p l ' n ~ ~ r i ~ ~ ~ w l $ i b " 9 ~ ~ 1 9 1 ~ ~ a f l ~ n ~i UPJ'IP~L~~P(XUULM&IU

% m a ~ n ~ i ~ u m i ~ u n i f ~ n ' w f p ; - a ~ d &~onn~as& Ba (Beach, 1980 : 3) $!+-d%naw A" X nmvlu-g-i rna'i7nnouav w a ~ i u f f ~ n a r u a u n i r n ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ a I p s ' ~ ~ f i w ' h ~ ~ e ~ ~ b ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ a i a i i ~ ~ ~

&.U%R&IUM~J~~U~PW~:~'W dxa46

misr abazbb~flk (Mathis and Jackson, 1979) ' b d K ~ a ~ t a ~ ~ u i u ~ a ~ n i ~ 3 n

I.. U C Gwpa-~6n.tir ~uw1:6~urang~u~mn7aa'~1au

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GmmF~lwawri q mniaglix~~&u~rnaW nau~up4"aab I a u n ~ a I ~ ~ u ~ n n a s u w ~ a ~ f ~ ~ ~ a u

nl u $9 si?&a~iordq uu a n l ~ ~ i n ~ ~ - i r ~ s & u ~ n ~ ~ r n n 7 3 ~ n o ~ l a ~ ~ ! ~ i u m ~ ~ ~ u 7 n ~ a ~

b6 KI 9 % ~

12. Ilrliiurrsnis~nausu ailun~siilmorrauu~nia~na'~au~~~~~91'~hn~a A

r-lnilusuy nnu ~aon~-r&rn~n%n75?.$~uu wo'un7u u~ed' l6~el i~u~w"l~a~aanda'ud~~

w$n'nga~ma~nnou-rudahl ~magninad %~n~n5un' laemus o q a h a ' (2527, 149 - 150) nailail <uaora

lunl~$afi~~&gnan7aanapla%1$6 &nou 6ado!&

I . K ~ w ~ ~ T n ~ ~ m s ~ n n o a ~ ~ o : m ' a ~ f i ~ ~ a i a ~ ~ ~ ' b ~ I ~ a ' m ~ f ) ~ a ~ 6 ~ o ~ n ~ a 7 - h

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G~i?uEi~~mn~.mdasa (Learning by Doing) d%ql~df~$%~u (Reconstntcfionism) d a$'ulG' ~ i a o u r 0 u d r ~ u . a ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ fiuuiRiunirriiawhun"~ ~ndu~1T~n~nnGnraez4"b~n'

ilgur?lluuu~n~~dm%!au dFdqnEa5rnxPuu (Existentialism) ~~GUKWUI~U~MEJ

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n~.rduurn~asuIau~~u~a"a~~a~~~u6na~~ 60 n ~ ~ ~ d ~ n u r n a m ~ ~ u ~ n ~ ~ a u n i ~ ~ ~

~ps'~Guuriinm.rPau~~~$ia~ n736m6~ R f i ~ L L W ~ @ % E I ~ ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ U Q U L O J RIU~TII~TYIPI+ u

%$u 11~~4~~mufh/b5da~'Fu~d,4 ~atliw~nrn3h@l$iuri 1 ) ~ ? J u n r u x n ~ &

~ ~ ~ s u u % f i n . a s u n ~ . r ~ u u ~ a ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ iltrra hukulw6o nmu nmfiuuuni~sou 2) ni~dTuu d w n

~ % ~ 6 ~ i i n s ~ n a a w i j ~ s ~ u a ~ i u 1 0 i n ~ ~ i ~ i ~ ~ 7 3) nmPTuuny nultrilyy6uwp1Gaum~~a JG h u d = u l ~ ~ i i n n ~ ~ ~ 5 u w $ g 4) n r u a u n ~ . r i i u w ~ n ~ ~ u h & q ~ ~ n ~ ~ f i u u ~ ~19f6uu

5) n~adrrufin?iu~ni V u ~ ~ r s n % 1 1 m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ m d ~ Q ~ a " u 9 t a ~ ~ ~ e r ~ 1 ~ , $ i B rnuffnwin?-rri~~u~ MU^ n i ~ a n i a b " a u u n i ~ ~ ~ u ~ 9 u n ~ ~ ~ m ~ ~ ~ ~ aun

d W W d man% i i a n n u w ~ a ~ n n 8 n m a a a ~ b ~ ~ : p h ~ 9 ~ ~ ~ a ~ u u ~ q a ' ~ q d ~ ~ ~ 6 v a r a ~ o n n ~ a d d o

rns~uurnmoud~nuq-suho i i o n s z u m ~ ~ s u u n ~ . r ~ ~ p . c ~ ~ f i ~ ~ ~ a ~ - ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~

h w & 6 I ) c i ~ ~ 6 u ~ p s ' ~ ~ u u ~ B i B T u w ~ ~ w ~ R i i ~ ~ a ~ u ~ ~ ~ e r 2) h'Jafiul%$?uu%i

I6fh L Q ~ L L R R J B D ~ L ~ ~ ~ M ~ ' ~ ~ M I M ~ ~ ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ 3) [ i~~&~fl l3Zd j i iuw'~Ku bAEl%b F . - * n"rn$a~doduwf~er ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u f l z r n n ~ a d 4) ri~~aiulG$$ouEuuf~a:d~u~~EIu

W - d P % nm=um> i$wauu 5) r i ~ ~ a i u l n ~ s ~ u u i i a a m p c ~ i n n i d ~ ~ w ~~r~iimna7u$n1--1~ d

6) ~ ~ ~ u u ~ ~ i i a u d a ~ n ~ d ~ = b ~ ' ~ ~ ~ w ~ p b b ~ ~ rra-~w ou 7) ~~uumulm4i1na-ib]$d+i

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~ d t u u a i n n i . r u o n n ~ ~ n ~ u i a ~ u ~ ~ ' ~ ~ u t b a : d i u ~ u n ? ~ u ~ ~ ? n ~ u n ~ . m 6 r w ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~

n n u i ~ d o l ~ ~ ~ u u ~ i i ~ n ~ s f i u u f m n ~ ~ ~ a i u ~ n ~ l n ~ w u o ~ u r i a e ~ n n a ~ a u ~ m n l x m n x d

r n . r d t l u $ ~ n ? ~ u ~ m ~ ~ r i ~ ~ ~ ~ u nxfu~$~fiuubJi bl6ou n'uwut%i?unw~sd ua:na

mmm~unlr~si~na~u~W'~i"a11~~6

% R U ~ UVUUQ (2542 : 5 - 30) ~ ~ ' U R J ~ ? ~ U ~ R ~ ~ U ~ U ~ O ~ % O ~ ~ ~ ~ P S U U ~ ~ T

~ s u d a ~ + ~ u ~ i i u ~ u t n a ~ ~ h o ~ f i ~ ~ i l i n u i u u o ~ u ' o m a ~ t ~ ~ n IC(l"sou~ilu~ueJ'n~w

nanafir n d G ~ b " a o u ~ 3 u ~ a mb (center of Attention) ~ ~ o ~ i l ~ i i u n u i n hGy1un75 cd u X

~ u u z B ~ a e ~ I ~ m n n ~ a i i ~ M ~ ~ ~ , U A Q ~ ~ O J ~ ~ ~ G P J U ~ ni~i lwi ionrrun~.rduupoa~uu~

~~iuiis:8unummInl'sGer'uf%r~n u~~n~m:~knrn.r i iuu$~aiuu~ n?&~ln'lon~n ~~ iu 'L&hwhu~w~~nmun7~b"rou$~~nn 7 ~ a u i j h u h u a h ~ n s r l a T a h iu62

tub n5aib~eads y n ~ ~ ~ u i ~ d r i ~ i j l i ~ 7 ~ ~ ~ ~ & ~ i ~ ~ n ~ f i ~ ~ p i ~ ~ ~

~u?nwlun~.rusnuuu (Design) 8ennun~.r~auuflo:li?a~ps'$"au'cb~ humu r A" cY shsy nwir o u n m ~ a ~ ~ n ~ s i d u w ~ r n ~ ~ 5 ~ ~$azaan uasu 1) i i ~ n m n ~ r ~ s u u $ ~ i a a r i a er

uvd. ~ ~ @ ~ ~ ' l ~ ~ i i i b u ~ u p 1 ~ 3 $ i 7 ~ ~ 9 r n u (Physrcal Partidpation) ~ihiionnuid~ulvl~bauu

~ ~ ~ i b s r n ~ ~ ~ i n d a u l ~ ~ ~ ~ r n ~ 2 ) i ion.rrurn~iiuu$~na~aulw'w'b"aeru1~~siau~~~~~ * 3

A ? I ~ Q J ~ ~ I (Intelledual Pamcipation) ~hhns ru6d- r u ~ w ' ~ r " a o u ~ ~ n n i r a n ~ a u ~ ~ a ~ 1 1 ~ a;

il~p ahcanna Arimiunaiu?a 3) i i i l n r r u m ~ d u u f i ~ n a ~ a u ? w ' ~ ~ t l ~ ~ ~ ~ s i a ~ ~ a~

msa'sno (Social Partidpation) ~ h ~ ~ n s r ~ d d ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ u ~ d ~ & w ' ~ b h ~ ~ a ' ~ n u n ' u ~ n ~ A C k P n i o 6 w ~ n 9 u . j o u ~ ~ 4) RWITXJ " T T P ~ U U $ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ M ~ L ~ U U ~ W Y ~ ~ ~ U ~ U W ~ J o ~ n i

C

iionasukni~~ailwii~n~~u~sisa&orr'~u~n~aasplnirauo~~nn~njn~e~is C U E

n,u RWSQ~I knuusraimnr cltuu r i l m u i s n n o n u u u 8 o n m n ~ ~ ~ " 3 u u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~

hma+u6 uon~~n~-i?u~ri$Euu~~an7~Euu$a'~w'a ~ ~ o c d x ~ k~&urieuuqnlrniJ 4 d h~cuo.s$%~u!dwiou 7 h i n k u usnilinuu9uzuuua~%dd7 (CIPPA) ailra$uuuslos

w u d rn *~nn 'o r i l ~~n '~79 uu+i~~mu~sn@lnwju

C u ~ o 7 n d l i l Consbuct H U ~ U ~ J m ~ & ~ n n u j R O ~ ~ U ~ W R ? S ~ ~ $ G U I ~

u%n7 w&s~rnua'Gaumu~ns %

I u l o ~ n 6 l i i lnteracbon n u l ~ i i s ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ w ' u ~ u ~ u M ~ o ~ ~ M ~ ~ ~ ~ u Y Ud .rou&a i? i ionrru~~o=nj~ ~ ~ a l o n ~ s r l w ~ B U ~ $ ~ ~ ~ ~ R U W ' P ~ & ~ J @ J ~ B J ~ " U ~ R ram-undon~i u

@Vl81"c981tl

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C C d

P u l a m f i q j ~ Physical Pamcipation wmuiid n 3 d w y ~ 3 u u l i i i ~ a n ~ fi!d ~n6sub+lm~u launiGmEonrnuduKnwwi~~ 7

A msinri~n bplicafion ~ ~ 1 ~ 6 3 m~~iln~~u$I~~~u$~f~a:~nm%~%~ a os o ~ l ~ ~ I " J u u l ~ % ~ ~ b u ~ U ' o ~ n n i a b " a n u ~ i i w m . r ~ ~ o u T c l ~ c ~ i ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ n ' u n ~ a f t ~ u m

m ~ o k n 1 ~ ~ " s u w i s n u u ' F ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 " a e ~ ~ 1 ~ i l ' ~ ~ u ~ n ~ i ~ ~ ~ l u ~ d d i l 6 u i o i n h l i o

.li O ~ O C~PPA ~ ~ ~ ~ h ~ ~ ~ w i ~ n n ~ i i w ~ u n ~ ~ a f i ~ n m % 1 n ~ ~ b ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ wqnIa?mw~'lnud

r i ~ o z ~ w m z m i i A a n ~ ~ ~ m s ~ u u n ~ ~ ~ a u ~ ~ f l ~ ~ ~ ~ e r u ~ ~ u p t J ' n ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ d ~ m 5 vu?

Zlan h ojud I uu~8nn~smi;Rl i~n=wi ~ ~ s ~ c t i v i s r n ) 2) u u ~ ~ n d o ~ n x u ~ u n ~ ~ n~uaa~rn~.rfiuuuuui?u~~ (Group Pmoess and Cooperative Learning) 3) u u ? ~ n i ~ o a

nlElnawwiouIun~Jduu (Learning) 4) ~ u a ~ n ~ ~ o a n i i n ~ a ~ u u ~ n ~ u a p b n ~ ~ (process

Learning) 5 ) u ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ u n i ~ ~ e , ~ o o b n ~ a h " s o u ~ (Transfer of Learning) n13l%uu-r6n X w ~ n & 5 njnimGm6u I%uuwupu.ua~nq~jhK~~ 2 nqwi i i s nqa8Gwuqn~~

uuwh (Human Development) u ~ m q ~ ~ n l ~ u u ~ ~ ~ n n ] ~ m n l r n i (Experiential

Learning)

uln UU?KR ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n m ~ a R ~ n m ~ n ~ ~ b " a u ~ n ~ a ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e , u ~ ~ p b ~ u d n ~ ~ ~

n5lndq-r w ~ n n p ~ r ~ ~ ~ u b ~ ~ o n ~ ~ l a r i n u a n ~ l a ~ r ~ n d ~ u n d ~ ~ ~ n ~ s ~ u u n ~ a 6 1 a u ~ a u ~ ~ ~

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Y a -a rndari iwuae~Iionni~rZonbd~ua

rii~su~urr:016u~~rnauIun1~d~% d ~ d ~ ~ u ~ ~ , ~ u ~ a d n ~ ~ ~ r n ~ u a n u ~ ~ dx&ux~imd$?i 4s t/nlw'~6uu@na~aumy6i,"u lao

- ann ~~un im~nasu~:n iad i ~Gunqa

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urn & u m u (2524 : 27 - 28) n ~ i 7 a ~ s n ~ ~ ~ f i o n n 4 ~ n i ~ ~ ~ u n ~ a ~ 0 ~ 1 ~ a ' - d' 89U

1. ' lGCnb"aou1m~on~d~E~nmi i~ b~ et~um~unGa~w:~aiuERlde

2. ? ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u u ~ ~ G I L D ~ L H ~ u ~ I d u n ~ a p h A ~ n ~ o ~ d i q

3. ~ajmnth6onnuiw 7 uain~sr3a~on~~~riCn~"auu~b~rn~na18~6a~Gu 6A ddn cY 3mn:n~an~nauu n r i l u ~ w n r ~n~In!i~ilub+utu ~ n ~ a ~ n ' i 3 Q J ~ l l r a d i ~ f l d ~ a " l m

d%-,61a"fb 4. om6onrrun~ud~nduula'n~i~~un'u *riIn?inimukhi 9 ~ ; s la

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(Learner Centered. Child Centered. Student Centered) ~ ~ w ~ i l k n r n ~ ~ n w1d.ufl37i.

VI u ~ u 1 ~ o a ~ ~ ~ n u ~ u ~ ~ n i ~ ~ m n ] ~ m n ~ f d ~ a b 4 9 0 u $ ~ f ~ u m a 1 % 1 h ~ ~ " ~ a f~"auuG&!$i7u

I n b ~ u l n n d F d ~ i n ~ a ~ n ~ f i w " ~ ~ w i n ~ ~ u u ~ a z d % y ~ ~ ~ f i n ~ a G ~ % ~ &.1:nr1n89

n?iua~uao6aqnna~aa~6n (Children as Individual) k~:aasua-%%aoa;n

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un-raia ~riwnru~uni~dou~H'muim~uu~~i]u (Learning Hav to Learn) Psuuiau~s

~ E I L & I J iruufioeo~i7u~uurr:r"Jtlu~el~a~~~w I R L I ~ u P ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ( I~~~ IUL~JUOQY DJF~ULLBE

navvnir auau C~nu i.rrmm uarlan PIR O B P U ~ ~ ~ O A U U I M ~ U ~ I ~ U M ~ ~ U U ~ L ~ ~ ~ Q Y A * n ~ i u i ~ u r ~ m ~ ~ i 7 a ? a ? ~ l ~ ~ ~ I m ~ I ~ ~ u ~ ~ a u ' i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n n ~ ~ ~ ~ " 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ " 3 m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ m d ~ ~ ~

r n n ~ u ~ a " u i ~ ~ n i . ~ inR~Jiwumuue~au~u-l w i a u ~ ~ m u i m ~ ~ ~ ~ z ~ " ~ o m n ~ % ~

dnn7rr'ruwrn~aou

<flu46 wmu?46 (2521 : 30) ~drin3lunn~uuu~~onlx~uunixrsta%

~ u l u 8 ~ q d r n a f u a ~ ~ h m ~ r n a u n ~ m a ' ~ ~ rd o l ~ ~ i l u 8 o n a ~ ~ l u n ~ ~ ~ o n a ~ b 1 ~ ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ n ~

dras6~zsi~w"aoaii ononldK~~~?uu'iuuoei143dzh%n~'~

miin ionad uaza?w"znlyislw (2522 : 270) n h = i q &oi~s~auunl.r~nu

i i nnawu~oe~ 2 Gnawiio

I . nuludc isrRqdn~Sridla2un~ab"aerun~~~ou Psunii qlinssliniaaou Y C d

(Instmcbmal Aids) 8td2~~~~1~01(~~~631u~6a~1aet79m;aslb' ~B%$EIL%~Q~P~S naw$

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1 ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ n u n ~ . r ~ o u ~ u 1 ~ ~ ~ f l m ~ ~ 3 ' ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ 6 n d 1 7 ~ 1 7 ' 1 i l dw w d urnad U R : ~ W (Brown and others, 1973 : 2) 7 6 n i i a i 7 R O ~ I J R O U 16bbTi da t

~ ~ w a n q d n ~ & ~ ~ n a i o ~ m u ~ m ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r i ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ i i ~ ~ w n ~ ~ ~ u n w n u i ; ~ Konssuh~ 7 filu2d~~drilu~n$a~~o~ri7u"u usinrri;am5dn~~uanm7~~ m.ruttas

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I . odnmfnq.raaurirah 'In'uri uosoSa u o s i ~ a u s uss&-aoeix ~npl i n a

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n,.rhn uri s wll~n7xouoriYa J u a j ~ ~ ~ ~ u u n n u ~ a n l z ~ ~ r n ' n ~ ~ ~ u u ~ ~n r u ~ m ~ r i w g n

dxa~n' ~ n n r ~ n ~ . r ~ ~ u n $ u d s m n i ~ & gndxa~4oorduulunln b"a~uf9"aa f i u f d m a o ~ ~ C * d PI -a l u r a i a r g n t l ~ ~ ~ n g a 3 u ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ r ] ~ u ~ 1 n ~ n n u a r l a r i l ~ n i f i ~ l r ~ r l l ~ a i i u u a ~ r 9 ~ ~ a i ~ ~ 1 a

Z 4 C d ucc ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ u ~ u o ~ d ~ a ~ 6 H ' a 0 ~ 0 ~ G n ~ m 0 ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ f a e i ~ ~ ~ a n~uaw ilga~~uar'i647G1~ w

7 ~ d l ~ u n ~ ~ ~ ~ w u n ~ ~ ~ u u

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a A o ~ ~ s i w q As niabiJann manna rauu4nKm ~ ' a o n i a ~ a a w + w n2aGnlnn~u uixn9-i

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1. l)%bn~b%?I'i'6inni~~6(9fl (Testing Techniques) leibbfi 1 .I rnrnnm~ws&~n: (Achievement Tests) ~ % ~ w n a ~ o a n u ~ m n a ~ u f

d ~%9'P67nm abhrUu 2 dzmnGo L ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ R T I ~ V U U R = ~ E I W W R O U ~ J ~ ~ T ~ U Y *&.

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rdoiiru&?Jsuniuu~r.J&uob ~iluu'nnnu~b~julnu$m%nan47~~n'b6i7~~!erpbfi'~b~~ifi~~~

oz'b5 MW z f i - ~ i h asu wu~el l i~K

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1d L~WI-JWWO-I u ~ u ~ o e i n m m urnu~~nlun7~lmfiiJ~w1 ~ ~ : m s l i ~ n ? ~ u $ d d u a n 7 ~

1.4 ~ ~ R R ~ ~ ~ U ~ ~ & U H " ~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ B J O ~ Q (ApWde Tests) I$L~ o r i l u i u

2. h r n n $ ~ ~ n n ~ n n ~ a ~ 4 a n w ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ (Observational Techniques)

2.1 nlma~su ~ ~ ~ a J l m k r u f l % U 7 ~ 6 1 (Rating Scales) a3uan"zos 8 a 4 P ' B d -

d?uI$n7xlunnnisk~n~~9~~~~1 d r n o ~ n i o . n u n ~ s ~ u ~ n w ~ ~ ~ o ~ b l b n i w amn

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L d A 2.2 mmaaoumc'a ernimlclw nbandma (Anecdotal Records) b h n i f i

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B i i u 3 ~ u w ~ ~ n . r s u r i u s ~ o r u s n ~ ~ w ~ u i l a i l o b w ~ ~ n m ~ ~ ~ p c d n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ " a ~ ~ ~ d n ~

3. h m n ~ ~ % b n n 8 n m n u ~ i u (Wf-repwtary Techniques)

3.1 msriPlmwni (Interview) bk~nf l6 f l l%~'uk~h~luuln awmzz? N F(A .. auu% r iuns~fknmu~a~~ugl7r -1 ~ d u ~ u n . r r u n ~ ~ n ~ u n ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ U " ~ ~ o d ~ n ~ % 1 ~ ~ 8 1 n ~ ' t 3 s r a '

mmrno^mndG~$~h1~6 ara:sil&n%a ni~&naium7ob~ ~arn&oe~~mina7~lna1~0%

3 2 n73YMflu~afln7~ (Questionnaires) bwfl%nn'l%~+~flfl~a~161~81~~14

aiiusaaa%affn kuu~qn (Opened Farm) $ ~ q z ~ + i m ~ n n i w 7 ilsrz1i9~im ouaG~gan

nauiir&rnwI~n~.rwou~i5d ~PiGniGuZio S a n n ~ w ' u ~ n ~ " s u l i m a ~ ~ w ~ ~ ' ~ 1 ~ ~ e~ ~ J U L L E I E I ~ I

msza airad~iluuuugn (closed F-) 9 z i ~ n ~ ~ b i l u @ ~ ~ r 6 7 6 1 ? 8 1 W ~ D U I ~ C ~ T ~ I aulPi d Y

Gon a~fn~ilu~nsi~Sj:u~):n3aun~una7~6a~a~o 7 niu i a i u r i i 6 1 n o u 6 Q n a i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U -4 Gtla wanelo 5~nrn~fiS7u u a ~ n ~ ~ ~ n 1 m ~ ~ a . u n ' f 1 1 ~ 6 9 1 ~

n ~ u a u n ~ f i r n ~ l a u ~ ~ d ~ 1 5 ~ ~ 1 a ~ i l n - r n ~ ~ a f a n i . s o e i ~ s ~ & p l a ~ n ~ a a a u ~ ~ ~ ~ a c j '* %

aou n $ ~ & a * u ~ ~ n i n l x i f un~oums~[~~buaw-~~\~nif s ' i ~ ~ n ~ a ~ 0 ~ % 0 ~ ~ b " a p l ~ d ~ m ~ a ~ 8 ] Q. m P

h h u h ~ i j n m u n u ~ m n ~ a i p l u a ~ l i ~ ~ ~ u a a d ~ a ~ ~ ~ u i u w " ~ b u ~ ~ u ~ a ~ r n a ~ ~ ~ u f ~ o u

I .I nmlc~iuuarieuduu (?re Evaluation) ailunmdr a~uriouka~~u

unduuudarun~~auidar~iaer ~ & o ? i ~ ~ n d u u l n ' ~ s u u $ ~ i 7 ~ 7 riou$inpzaou~'an!ai

~ a : a d s ~ i l ~ n ~ u ~ w ~ ~ n d a u r i o u ~ e ! u w ~ o I i B s w q i naaurioufiula YIU-IU~SR?W~UPI:

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1.2 r n d ~ r i j w a x ~ i ~ ~ ~ " a u u (Formative Evaluation) fs%f17%fl%~$.raua

va-nrrisld A *

1.3 n d a t ~ i w n m u (Summative Evaluation) ~ h n i d ~ b $ u u a a u o h d .+ F~m3asu ~ w s ~ n a 7 i 7 r i n ~ r ~ u i i n 3 7 ~ 1 $ a & ~ ~ 7 I 3 ~ r i ~ dau f a ? h h B~un"Lu diPida~

n ~ ~ ~ o ~ n ~ ~ ~ n p b b ~ ~ s i a u a a % ~ ~ u b " % a s ~ ~ ~ a z a~un~.a6mnsipcuan7'sb"ap1uwa~pr"n f i u u ~ i a r nu

2. ~ j 7 ~ u n r n i ~ ~ u v n ~ f i L E ~ S L ~ M 3 & 7 ~ ~ 6 a

2.1 n 7 d ~ ~ f i ~ ~ a b a f l ~ ~ ~ (Self-Referenced Evaluation) l.a"n73bfPa~fl

~ ~ e ~ . ~ l n a 7 u m ~ ~ ~ n ~ a ~ ~ n ~ a ~ ~ ~ w ~ n ~ f i ' ~ ~ a ~ u m ~ ~ ~ n ~ 0 ~ w u ~ a ~ I ~ X L G U U ~ U U P I ~ ~ %

~ u u w a ~ a u a C m7unia&Gu ~ a a ~ l K ' ~ i 7 u ~ l . ~ l n ~ m ~ l ~ r i i ~ G ~ ~ ~ ~ S R ~ U T ~ ~ U M B : H & X arou r n ~ ~ i n 0 u u ~ ~ n ~ w ~ m ~ ~ m ~ ~ ~ ~ % w m ~ a ~ u i n~erw&jsn7a!nwi usiaCnb"au~1G

K a ~ i ~ d u 7 n C a u ~ ~ u ~ ~ r n 22 mdcinDwsuuu2 tnqu (Norm-Referenced Evaluation) I%~fi~auu

a ~ o u n a ~ a r m u ~ a n a u ~ p i n d u u ~ ~ n a ~ u m m ~ n ~ o ~ p r ' n ~ e r ~ ~ ~ $ u ~ luniu~luGu8nnra

2.3 n-idx~~oauasberu& bn m41' (Criterion-Referenced Evaluation) 1% ~ n ~ a u u ~ ~ u u n ~ ~ u r n u ~ m ~ a ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ n ~ ~ ~ i i ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ %i6aa~i~GaG~na~usnu?anvas - 2 cd t nudul ~ ~ ~ u i i l n ~ u . w s ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ w m m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ % 1 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 n ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 u n ~ a ~ a u aw m-iniiunx

~laaasou-iGn ~ " ~ ~ M I G Y G U U ~ iiniruniidisl~n~odxa~6~+alai

w<auwnsu q o u b (2533 : 6 - 7) n d l ? ~ s d ~ a n n u o s m n l ~ ~ G u e r a n i ~ 6, a. 2 Wnwlj, Oanmsin~a~Ei~a i 2 rnrugi nJu

I. ~n iso lu~ndxwn 'u09n~dxb i~

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laavof (Rogers. 1977 : 3227 - A) )I6hrr~n?,u6n~n7madn~~iflan"ufla7~

r n s n m I ~ n ~ a I ~ ~ ~ d o n ~ a ~ n w ~ ~ o ~ I a ~ ~ " % e r u w v d l l u n ~ a ~ $ ~ u d ~ o ~ u n ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ k ~ b ~ b u

n ~ ~ u r n o ~ - r n u o s n u a o ~ I u ~ ~ a I & ~ ~ u w ' n ~ n ' ? w u i n ~ G u n ? i u 8 ~ 6 ~ u o a n ~ ~ ~ n n m u

<3j MW:MUWSL~U+W (Moore and Blangkenship. 1978 : 513 - 518) 1~;n.w

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3oJw~r"lw~lurn.r~a~"aner~m~m~a~n~lu~~;lduu (Harris Counby) ?$<n6a rn5 o ru5ni wudl ~ ~ ~ n $ n u i m ~ ~ f l u x 6 u d x n u ~ n ~ 7 u ~ z ~ ~ u u d n w 6 a i ~ ~ n ~ s u m 2 gri6u

d " ,a iia m m i u u ~ ~ n a m ~ m ~ r w ~ ~ a ~ 1 1 ~ ~ ~ 1 u i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ n 0 u a ~ ~ ~ n e r a n ' ~ a m ~ a u hum:

~ n u l m ~ w ~ a ~ u l u ~ a " F I a " u ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ m n d ~ ~ n ' g ~ i i n ~ ~ ~ a ' ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ a n e i ~ ~ n ' ~

~ % ~ U ~ O L P C W ' (Chotiyanonta. 1989 : 930 - A) l m ~ n ~ ~ n ? l u $ a s n ? ~ n ~ ~ ~ n

~ ~ ~ ~ m ~ ~ n ~ ~ f l n m a ~ ~ ~ b ~ a ~ i ~ ' ~ b n n ~ u ' h w ~ ~ a ~ a ~ ~ a ~ n w ~ u d ~ b n ~ ~ wan7i j$uw~i?

n~mdnmu&~rnmm?lnou~fl nmuf us.-Gnar 13 mnnn7w LWR d r r n n ~ ~ n i n 7 ~ - c - d ~u~raa~zsr6ums?m~ ~ & J W U ~ n~n?iu&a ~ n i ~ l u n i ~ a n a u ~ a S ~ ~ ~ L R = ~ % T ~ R O U L ~ U ~

~ a ~ n " f l n r n u 6 a ~ n 7 r n ~ ~ n ~ a ~ n a u a ~ u o n o ~ n ~ & ~ s n c a u x - d ~ n ~ ~ ~ r n " a e r a ~ d a u n a ~ ~ ~ ~ %

n p ~ % G n m n m a v ucrunmuGaanlm9afin svsu u~znlxla:~8un2~uAu~nia6ja~

w ~ i o ~ l i ~ u ~ u n ~ - r ~ ~ i . r ~ ~ . n ~ w w ~ u a ~ u ~ ~ n i s d n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o n n ~ ~ s ~ ~ l n a ~ ~ i $ i a ~ n ~ a d ~ ~ 7

~ u ~ n ~ ~ e : n ~ ~ ~ n ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ m ~ l m ' n ~ ~ ~ l u ~ p ~ ~ 7 ~ l u s d z m ~ k ~

Iwa& (Pnse, 1991 : 15) !&ni7a!a%u6aelm AduH learning 21 as6dxnnu