RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #1

Fritz Haber

• Enabled the survival of billions: the Haber Process to synthesize ammonia

• Ammonia is used to create fertilizer

• Enabled the death of millions: the “father of chemical warfare”

• Poison gases of WWI and WWII

Haber Video Web Link (File Link)

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #2

Types of Chemical Reactions

• Synthesis (Combination)• Decomposition• Single Replacement• Double Replacement• Combustion

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #3

Synthesis (Combination) Reactions

• Two or more reactants combine to produce a new product.

A + B ABO + O OO

• RUST: 4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #4

Decomposition Reactions

• A compound breaks down into two or more compounds or elements.

AB A + B

OO O + O

• WATER (electrolysis): 2H2O 2H2 + O2

• MERCURY OXIDE: 2HgO 2Hg + O2

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #5

Pop: Synthesis and Decomposition

• Pop is carbonated water (Carbonic Acid)

Synthesis: CO2 + H2O H2CO3

• This causes the pop to fizz and bubble• When pop goes flat or is shaken up the

opposite happens.

Decomposition: H2CO3 CO2 + H2O

• The CO2 is released as a gas and water is left over.

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #6

Single Displacement

• One element of a compound is replaced by a new element to form a new compound.

A + BX AX + BO + OO OO + O

OR

AX + Y AY + XOO + O OO + O

• EXAMPLE: 2Na + CaCl2 2NaCl + Ca• The sodium and the calcium “trade places”

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #7

Double Displacement

• The elements of two different compounds exchange places, forming two new compounds.

AX + BY AY + BX

OO + OO OO + OO

• AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #8

Combustion Reaction

• A combustion reaction is when oxygen combines with another compound to form water and oxides.

• Combustion reactions are exothermic: they produce heat and light.

• Often, the compound reacting with oxygen is an organic compound (contains carbon).

• Example: • Octane (component of gasoline)

• 2C8H18 + 25O2 16CO2 + 18H2O•

Burn a Buck

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #9

Chemical Reactions Video

• The Five Major Chemical Reactions– YouTube– File Link

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #10

Problems

• “Types of Reactions” Worksheet – Identify the Type of Reaction

Textbook Word Problems…• Pg 145: Q2, Q4• Pg 149: Q9, Q10• Pg 155, Q3, Q4, Q6, Q7, Q8, Q13

• “Types of Reactions” Worksheet – Balance Equations

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #11

Carbon Compounds

• Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain carbon.

• The study of all other compounds is known as inorganic chemistry.

• Some carbon compounds are not considered organic (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and ionic carbonates).

•

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #12

Hydrocarbons

• Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms.

• The main sources of hydrocarbons are crude oil and natural gas.

• Combustion reactions involving hydrocarbons are exothermic – a lot of energy is released (heat and light).

• Thermal energy heats our homes and powers transportation.

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #13

Canada’s Resources

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #14

Complete Combustion• A reaction can have different levels of combustion

depending on how much oxygen is present during the reaction.

• When the hydrocarbon is burned in a plentiful supply of oxygen complete combustion occurs.

Hydrocarbon + oxygen gas → carbon dioxide + water•

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #15

Incomplete Combustion

• A hydrocarbon burned in a poor supply of oxygen results in incomplete combustion.

• Not as much heat generated.• Carbon monoxide and carbon (soot) by-products.

hydrocarbon + oxygen gas → carbon dioxide + water + carbon + carbon monoxide

• Carbon Monoxide is Lethal!•

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #16

The Future of Hydrocarbons: Peak Oil ?

• A Visual Tour of Peak Oil (3:06)

• ABC Catalyst – Peak Oil (12:23)

• Peak Oil Club of Rome (10:04)

• How many barrels of oil does the world consume each day?

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #17

The Growing Gap

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #18

International Energy Agency Hydrocarbon Estimates

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #19

Questions About Hydrocarbons

• Question 1: How would the end of cheap oil affect:– Individuals– Society– The Environment– The Economy

• Question 2: What actions could (1) individuals and (2) governments take to conserve oil and offset the effects of rising prices?

• Question 3: Do you agree or disagree with this whole peak oil theory? Why or why not?

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #20

Summary Definitions

• Synthesis• Two or more compounds come together and produce one

compound.• Decomposition• One compound breaks down into two or more compounds.• Single Displacement• One element replaces another in a compound to produce a new

compound.• Double Displacement• Two elements switch places with each other to produce to new

compounds• Combustion• Oxygen combines with another compound to form water and

carbon dioxide.

RRHS Science 10 ChemistrySlide #21

Summary Table (without Combustion)

Pg 151 of text (with combustion)