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1. The grid below shows various carbon compounds

A

CH2=CH2

B

CH2=CHClC

CH3CH3

D

CH3CH2CH3

E

CF2=CF2

F

CH3CH=CH2

Which box or boxes showsa) A hydrocarbon which will not form an addition polymer?b) A compound, which is not hydrocarbon, but will form an

addition polymer?c) The compound ethene?d) The compound propene?e) The compound chloroethene?f) A compound which would form the following polymer?

CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2

g) A compound which would form the following polymer?

CH2CHClCH2CHClCH2CHCl

h) A compound which would form the following polymer?

CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)CH2

i) A compound which would form the following polymer?

CF2CF2CF2CF2CF2CF2

j) A compound which will form the polymer polyethene?k) A compound which will form the polymer polypropene?l) A compound which will form the polymer polychloroethene?m)A compound which will form the polymer

polytetrafluoroethene?

2. The grid below shows various compounds used to make condensation polymers

AHOCH2CH2OH

B

HOOC(CH2)4COOHC

H2N(CH2)6NH2D

HOOC(CH2)5NH2

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

Cl

C

H

H

C

H

Cl

C

H

H

C

H

Cl

C

H

H

a) Which two boxes show compounds, which could be used to make a polyester?

b) Which two boxes show the compounds used to make the following polymer?

OCH2CH2OOC(CH2)4COOCH2CH2OOC(CH2)4CO

3. Which of the following molecules could be used as a monomer to form an addition polymer

A. CH2=CH2 B. CH3CH3 C. CH3CH2CH3 D. CH4

4. The monomer used to form the polymer opposite is

A. methaneB. ethaneC. etheneD. propene

5. The monomer used to form the polymer opposite is

A. CH2=CHClB. CHCl=CHClC. CCl2=CHClD. CH2=CH2

6. The name of the addition polymer formed from the monomer propene isA. polyetheneB. polyethaneC. polypropeneD. polypropane

7. The polymer polystyrene is made from the monomerA. styreneB. etheneC. propeneD. chloroethene

8. The non-stick coating on frying pans is an addition polymer. It is made from the monomer tetrafluoroethene. The name of the addition polymer is

A. tetrafluoroethene.

C

H

CN

C

H

CN

C

H

H

C

H

CN

C

H

H

C

H

CN

C

H

H

C

H

CN

C

H

H

C

H

CN

C

H

H

C

H

CH3

C

CH3

H

C

H

CH3

C

CH3

H

C

CH3

CH3

C

H

H

C

CH3

CH3

C

H

H

C

CH3

CH3

C

H

H

B. tetrafluoroethaneC. polytetrafluoroethaneD. polytetrafluoroethene

For questions 9 and 10 use the following

A B C D

9. Which of the above is the repeat unit for the polymer shown opposite?

10. Which of the above is the monomer for the polymer shown opposite?


A B C D




A B C D

C

H

CN

C

H

CN

C

C

C

C

H

H

C

C

C

C

H

H

C

CH3

CH3

C

H

H

C

CH3

CH3

C

H

H

C

CH3

CH3

C

H

H

CHO

H

H

C

H

H

OH CO

OHC

O

HO

CH2N

H

H

CO

OHCH2

N

H

H

C

H

H

NH2



For question 15 refer to the information below

A B

C D

15. The two monomers that could be used to make a polyester areA. A and BB. A and CC. A and DD. B and C

C

C

C

C

H

H

C

H

C

C

C

H

C

C

C

C

H

H

C

H

C

Plastics Homework National 4

1. Using the word bank provided, complete the following sentences.

a) Chemicals derived from oil are used to make plastics and ___________ fibres.

b) Plastics which soften on heating are _________________ polymers.c) Simple plastics are made by a process called _______________.

2. Copy and complete the table to give information about monomers and the polymers they form.

MONOMER POLYMER FORMED

Ethene

Poly(chloroethene)

Ethenol

Poly(tetrafluorethene)

3. Poly(propene) is a thermoplastic whereas Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic

Explain the meaning of the following words:i) Thermoplasticii) Thermosetting

4. Burning plastics can be dangerous as harmful gases can be released into the atmosphere.

a) Name the gas released when plastics are burned in a poor oxygen supply.

b) Name the acidic gas formed when poly(chloroethene) is burned.c) Name the extremely toxic gas released when polyurethane foam

burns.

5. Many plastics have been developed with interesting and useful properties. Poly(ethenol) is a plastic which is soluble in water. It has a variety of uses such as surgical stitches or laundry bags for use

chemical, thermosetting, synthetic, manufacturing, natural, thermoplastic, polymerisation

in hospitals. Polymers which are biodegradable such as Biopol have been developed for use as shopping bags. Kevlar is a very interesting polymer. It is used in bullet-proof vests and motorcycle suits as it is very strong and resistant to wear.

Present this information in a table with suitable headings.

Chemistry in Society National 5

Plastics Homework


double, addition, single, condensation, unsaturated, polymerisation, saturated

a) Addition polymerisation occurs when small _____________ momomers join together.

b) During addition polymerisation the ___________ bond in each monomer breaks.

c) Polyamides are examples of _______________ polymers.

2. Plastics and fibres can be natural or synthetic.

a) What is meant by the term synthetic?b) State one advantage of synthetic fibres over natural fibres.

3. The structure below represents part of a polymer molecule:

a) Draw the repeating unit and the monomer for this polymer chain.b) Is this an addition or condensation polymer?

4. Kevlar is a condensation polymer which is used because of its strength and durability. The repeating unit of Kevlar is shown below.

a) Draw the structural formula of the polymer when this unit is repeated 3 times.

b) Draw the 2 monomers used to produce Kevlar.c) Is this an addition or condensation polymer?

5. Polymers can be made by addition or condensation depending on the structure of the monomer(s).

CH3CHCH2 NH2(CH2)6NH2 C2H4

HOOC(CH2)COOH CH3CH2CH2CH3

CH3CH(CH3)CH3

A B C

D E F

Identify the monomer(s) which would

a) Take part in an addition reactionb) Undergo a condensation reaction

6. A pupil had been absent when polymerisation nhad been taught. He asked you to explain it to him.

Using the words; very large molecules, small molecules, monomers and polymers,write down breifly what you would tell him.

7. Copy and complete the following table giving information about a variety of polymers.

Polymer Use Addition or

Condensation polymer

Polystyrene

Nylon

Poly(ethene)

Polyester

Polyamide

1.

Poly(ethenyl ethanoate) is an addition polymer. Part of its structure is shown below.

(a)

(b)

Draw the structural formula for the monomer used to make this polymer.

1

poly(ethenyl ethanoate) + methanol → poly(ethanol)

Poly(ethenyl ethanoate) is used to make the polymer poly(ethanol).

+ methyl ethanoate

Methyl ethanoate is also formed in the reaction.

(i) What property of poly(ethanol) makes it useful for laundry bags?

1

1(3)

2. Polystyrene is made from the monomer styrene. The systematic name for stryrene is phenylethene.

(a)

(b)

(c)

The monomer used to form polystyrene is shown.

Which part of the structure of styrene allows the polymer to form ?

Complete the digram to show how three styrene molecules join to form part of the polymer chain.

Give another name for polystyrene.

__________________________________________________________________

1

1

1(3)

3.

Poly(ethenol) is one of the substances used to cover dishwater tablets.

A section of the poly(ethanol) polymer is shown.

(a) Name the functional group present in this polymer.

1(b) Draw the structure of the repeating unit for this polymer.

1(c) A dishwasher tablet, complete with its poly(ethanol) cover, can be

added to a dishwasher.

What property of the poly(ethenol) makes it suitable as a cover for a dishwasher tablet?

1(3)

4. The diagram shows how an ester with a “pear drops” smell can be made.

(a) (i) Name the ester formed.

1

(ii)

Why can this reaction be described as a condensation reaction?

1

(b) Polyesters are synthetic fibres.Part of the structure of a polyester fibre is shown below.

(i) Why are polyester fibres described as synthetic?

1

(ii)

Circle an ester link in the polyester structure. 1(4)

Agrochemicals

1. What are the essential nutrients for healthy plant growth?A Iron, copper & nitrogenB Potassium, nitrogen & phosphorusC Potassium, nitrogen & copperD Nitrogen, copper & phosphorus

2. Fertilisers help plants to grow by providing them withA WaterB OxygenC NutrientsD Carbon dioxide

3. Name the element which is the catalyst in the Haber Process.A CopperB IronC SilverD Platinum

4. What is the correct equation for the Haber Process?A Nitrogen + oxygen nitrogen dioxideB Ammonium chloride + sodium hydroxide ammonia + water + sodium chlorideC Nitrogen + hydrogen ammoniaD Nitrogen + iodine nitrogen triiodide

5. What acid and alkali could be used to make a fertiliser?A Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxideB Sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxideC Nitric acid + potassium hydroxideD Hydrochloric acid + lithium hydroxide

6. Explain why the ammonia that sprays into this flask changes the indicator from green to blue.

A Ammonia is insolubleB Ammonia is an alkaline gasC Sodium hydroxide is formedD Ammonia is a reducing agent

7. Which of these methods would result in ammonia being made in the laboratory?A Heating nitrogen with hydrogenB Heating nitrogen dioxide with sodium hydroxideC Heating ammonium chloride with sodium hydroxideD Dissolving ammonium chloride in water

8 The best way to make ammonium nitrate is to.A React nitric acid with sodium hydroxide solutionB React sulphuric acid with ammonia solutionC Dissolve ammonium chloride in water

D React nitric acid with ammonium hydroxide solution

9. The salts formed by nitric acid are calledA ChloridesB EthanoatesC NitratesD Sulfates

10. Which of the following statements is not true for the salts: ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and potassium nitrate.

A They are all soluble in waterB They all contain nitrogenC They are all used as fertilisersD They are all insoluble in water


Agrochemicals Homework


d) Plants require nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for growth; these are known as the ______________ elements.

e) Chemists produce substances called _______________ to provide plants with nutrients.

f) Efficient food production is vital due the _____________ population of the planet.

essential, natural, decreasing, synthetic, fertilisers, important, compost, increasing

9. Using your data book, copy and complete the table below:a)

Compounds SolubilityAmmonium NitratePotassium Sulphate

Silver PhosphateSodium Phosphate

b) Which of these compounds would not make a suitable synthetic fertiliser? Explain your answer.

10. Ammonium Nitrate, NH4NO3, is a fertiliser commonly used in the farming industry.

a) Calculate the mass of 1 mole of the fertiliser.b) Calculate the percentage of the essential element present in the

fertiliser.

11. Different plants need the essential elements in different proportions. Synthetic fertilisers contain mixtures of different compounds providing these essential elements. Natural fertilisers such as manure and compost also provide nutrients for plants. In areas of high rainfall, some synthetic fertilisers can be washed away, ending up in river systems or lochs. In situations such as these, nitrates encourage bacteria to grow and this uses up the dissolved oxygen in the water. Fish and other marine animals cannot get the oxygen they need to survive. Urea is a synthetic fertiliser with only slight solubility and is an excellent alternative in wet areas.

Read the passage and answer the following questions.

d) Do all plants require the same amount of nutrients?e) Name 2 natural fertilisers.f) Describe the effects fertilisers can have on rivers. g) What property of fertilisers can cause environmental problems?


Agrochemicals Homework


g) The Haber process is used to produce ______________ industrially.h) This gas gives off an odour which can be described as

_______________.

ammonia, pleasant, acidic, nitric acid, alkaline, pungent

i) pH paper turns blue in the presence of this gas, showing that it is _____________.

2. Ammonia manufacture is a very important part of the agrochemical industry.

a) Write the word equation for the formation of ammonia by the Haber process.

b) What are the reaction conditions required to produce a high yield of ammonia?

c) What is the major use of the ammonia produced this way?

3. The flow chart shows some processes which take place in an industrial chemical complex.

.a) Air and water are used as raw materials because they contain the

elements needed to make ammonia.Suggest one other reason why they are used as raw materials.

b) Which reactant for the ammonia plant must be produced in the reaction between North Sea gas and water?

c) Name the salt formed in the fertiliser plant.

d) The graph shows the different percentage yields of ammonia which can be obtained under different conditions in the ammonia plant.

i) What is the relationship between the percentage yield of ammonia and the temperature at constant pressure?

ii) Explain why all of the nitrogen and hydrogen are not converted to ammonia.

4. The nitrogen compound produced in the Haber process dissolves in water.The graph shows the solubility of the nitrogen compound at different temperatures.

Write a general statement describing the effect of the temperature on the solubility of the nitrogen compound.

5. Ammonium compounds can be identified by heating them with soda lime. Ammonia gas will be released.

a) Describe a test that could be carried out to detect and identify

the ammonia gas produced.b) An ammonium compound was dissolved in water.

A precipitate was produced when this solution was added to a solution of barium chloride.

Suggest a name for this compound.(You may wish to use your data book to help you.)

6. Catalysts can be used in different processes.

Copy the flow diagram and add an arrow to show how the process could be made more economical.

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