rOOT OF wORKFORCE iSSUES ¥ The population of Tuscany is aging ¥ The birth rate is the lowest in EU...
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Transcript of rOOT OF wORKFORCE iSSUES ¥ The population of Tuscany is aging ¥ The birth rate is the lowest in EU...
rOOT OF wORKFORCE rOOT OF wORKFORCE iSSUESiSSUES¥ The population of The population of Tuscany is aging Tuscany is aging
¥ The birth rate is the The birth rate is the lowest in EUlowest in EU
¥ Italians are retiring, and Italians are retiring, and young Italians are not young Italians are not replacing the blue collar replacing the blue collar workforceworkforce
Average unemployment rate Average unemployment rate in Tuscany is 4.7%in Tuscany is 4.7%
Youth unemployment rate Youth unemployment rate is 24%is 24%
Many over the age of 50 Many over the age of 50 choose to retire early, choose to retire early, and women choose to stay and women choose to stay home and raise their home and raise their familiesfamilies
Employment Status
Retirement IssuesRetirement Issues
The aging population is choosing to The aging population is choosing to retire over prolonging their work liferetire over prolonging their work life
There is a great retirement plan – no There is a great retirement plan – no incentive to workincentive to work
Since young Italians are unwilling to Since young Italians are unwilling to work, quotas for immigrant workers have work, quotas for immigrant workers have been implemented in the last 20 yearsbeen implemented in the last 20 years
Retirement IssuesRetirement Issues
The aging population is choosing to The aging population is choosing to retire over prolonging their work liferetire over prolonging their work life
There is a great retirement plan – no There is a great retirement plan – no incentive to workincentive to work
Since young Italians are unwilling to Since young Italians are unwilling to work, quotas for immigrant workers have work, quotas for immigrant workers have been implemented in the last 20 yearsbeen implemented in the last 20 years
‰Until 1973, Italy was Until 1973, Italy was a major emigration a major emigration nation, with millions of nation, with millions of workers working abroadworkers working abroad
‰In the 1980s In the 1980s immigrants came to immigrants came to Italy to workItaly to work
Between 1984 and 2004, the legal immigration rose Between 1984 and 2004, the legal immigration rose from about 300,000 to 2.6 millionfrom about 300,000 to 2.6 million
The leading countries of Italian immigrants are The leading countries of Italian immigrants are Romania, Albania and MoroccoRomania, Albania and Morocco
Immigrants Moving In
Tuscany has increased its’ flow of Tuscany has increased its’ flow of immigrants in the last year to 350,000immigrants in the last year to 350,000
Most immigrants are brought in for blue Most immigrants are brought in for blue collar workcollar work
The quota system reserved a subquota for special categories, nurses andinformation technology workers and high level management employees
Nurses are in short supply, therefore they are guaranteed priority to work.
Immigrants in the WorkforceImmigrants in the Workforce
₪Most immigrants are younger; Most immigrants are younger; about the same number of men and about the same number of men and womenwomen
₪Immigrants work jobs that the Immigrants work jobs that the native population, especially the native population, especially the younger population, does not want younger population, does not want toto
₪ Top industries that immigrants Top industries that immigrants hold jobs in are hotels and hold jobs in are hotels and restaurants, construction, and restaurants, construction, and transport and postal servicestransport and postal services
Hotels and restaurants - 70,544
Construction - 65,065
Transportation & postal services - 29,425
Job starts by immigrants in blue collar industries
Immigrants are bringing up the unemployment rate for native Italians
20% of job starts in Tuscany, in 2003, were by immigrants
In 2003 alone, there were 771,813 hires of foreign borns
There are about 65,000 work permit holders
An economic workforce issue is An economic workforce issue is that immigrants are sending their that immigrants are sending their money out of Tuscany.money out of Tuscany.
The net flow of money is The net flow of money is negative, immigrants are sending negative, immigrants are sending more money out of the country to more money out of the country to their families, than Italy is their families, than Italy is receiving.receiving.
Immigrants Immigrants also help the also help the economyeconomy
They pay They pay about 1.87 about 1.87 million Euros million Euros in taxes each in taxes each yearyear
Language BarriersLanguage Barriers Tuscan workforce has mostly Tuscan workforce has mostly Italian fluent workers, even if they Italian fluent workers, even if they are immigrants.are immigrants.
Romanian immigrants feel the Romanian immigrants feel the least need to learn Italian least need to learn Italian
Romanian and Italian are both Romanian and Italian are both Latin languages so it is easier to Latin languages so it is easier to understand without actually speaking understand without actually speaking the languagethe language
Tuscan workforce is male dominated
Women choose to stay home to take care of children and elderly
Immigrants have a very small gap between gender in employment
The gap in employment is slowly shrinking with Italy’s legislation dedicating time to avoid gaps and offer equal opportunities
39.3 percent of workforce is female39.3 percent of workforce is female
44 percent of new hires are women44 percent of new hires are women
Only .4% of women in the workforce Only .4% of women in the workforce hold management positionshold management positions
3.4% of men in the workforce hold 3.4% of men in the workforce hold management positionsmanagement positions
Women in the Women in the WorkforceWorkforce
Salary and Salary and education Issues in education Issues in
WorkforceWorkforce$ On average, women make On average, women make substantially half of what men substantially half of what men makemake
$ 27.2% of women in the 27.2% of women in the workforce have college workforce have college degreesdegrees
$ 25% of men in the workforce 25% of men in the workforce have college degreehave college degree
$ 66 percent women have high 66 percent women have high school diplomaschool diploma
$ 64.4 percent men have high 64.4 percent men have high school diplomaschool diploma
For every 10 women that leave the workforce, 15 women are hired
For every 10 men that leave the workforce, 8 men are hired
Women hold part time jobs more than men because of family responsibilities
Changes that have been implemented by legislation
have worked to make a better working climate, equal
employment and accommodations for women
and motherhood. This is a big step to make the workforce a
better place for women in Tuscany.
A Better Place for WomenA Better Place for Women
References(2007). Immigration in Italy: recent findings. Retrieved May 30, 2008, Web site:
http://www.db.caritas.glauco.it/caritastest/informiamoci/Riviste_e_pubblicazioni/Sussidi2007/Libri/dossierimmigrazione2007/materiale/immigrazione_inglese.pdf
(2007). Italian banking association. Retrieved May 30, 2008, from European Commission Web site: http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/equal/data/document/0705-graz-ws4-itbank_en.pdf
Chaloff, Jonathan (2005, June). Immigration as a labour market strategy - European and North American perspectives. Retrieved May 30, 2008, Web site: http://www.supplierdiversityeurope.eu/multiattachments/2557/DocumentName/ItalyImmigrationLabourMarketStrategyChaloff.pdf
Gianelli, Marie V., Lamura, Giovanni, Principi, Andrea. (2007, September 23). Company initiatives for an ageing workforce in Italy . Retrieved
May 30, 2008, Web site: http://eng.newwelfare.org/?p=264
Harbin, William (1992, October 5). Labor in Italy. Retrieved May 30, 2008, Web site:
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1052/is_n20_v113/ai_133315 34
Newell, Casey (2004, April 20). Illegal immigration in Italy. Retrieved May 30, 2008, Web site: http://www-
pub.naz.edu:9000/~cmnewell/costbenefitanalysis.htm
Todisco, Enrico Demographic policies of local authorities. Retrieved May 30, 2008, Web site: http://www.ersa.org/ersaconfs/ersa98/papers/65.pdf
References