ROOFTOP SOLAR POWER PLANTS FOR ACADEMIC CAMPUSES ver …becbgk.edu/Two Days National Symposium-...

ROOFTOP SOLAR POWER

PLANTS FOR ACADEMIC

CAMPUSES

Presented at National Symposium on

Copyright © 2015 PRDC Pvt. Ltd., All Rights Reserved 1 of 41

Presented at National Symposium on

“Sustainable Energy Technologies for

Academic Campuses” at Basaveshwar

Engineering College

6th June, 2015Dinesh J Kagathi

Power Research & Development

Consultants Private Limited [PRDC], Bangalore

ContentsContentsBenefits

Policy Support & Process

System Configuration


System Configuration

Working Principle

Economics

Photographs of a working installation

Way Ahead for Implementing a Rooftop Solar Power Plant

Benefits of Rooftop Solar Power PlantBenefits of Rooftop Solar Power PlantBenefits of Rooftop Solar Power PlantBenefits of Rooftop Solar Power Plant1. Solar Plant can be set up on unused rooftop space

2. Helps produce own electricity, therefore reducing

dependence on grid utility

3. Provides back-up electricity when power fails


3. Provides back-up electricity when power fails

4. Insurance against electricity price increases

5. Provides attractive returns on investments • savings in electricity charges

• revenues from sale of excess power to grid utility

• Diesel savings from reduced operation of DG set

Benefits of Rooftop Solar Power Plant Benefits of Rooftop Solar Power Plant

ContdContd……

Benefits of Rooftop Solar Power Plant Benefits of Rooftop Solar Power Plant

ContdContd……

6. Serves as a “SOLAR LABORATORY” to facilitate Teaching,

Demonstration and R&D in Solar Energy


7. Helps the nation overcome power shortages

8. Reduces dependence on fossil fuels, thereby reducing carbon

emission & pollution and contributes to better environment.

Policy SupportPolicy Support

Net Metering & Feed-in Tariff

ESCOMs in Karnataka purchase excess electricity produced at

Rs. 9.56/kWh for 25 years under a Power Purchase

Agreement


Agreement

Priority Sector Status for Loans from FIs

Accelerated depreciation of 80% of the system value in Y-1

Benefit under section 80 IA of Income tax, which exempts

profits from Income tax for 10 years

No Subsidies

Net Metering & FeedNet Metering & Feed--in Tariffin Tariff

Net Metering implies synchronizing and banking of solar electricity with the grid

utility so that it can be used when required.

NET METER

Solar Power TO Grid

Power FROM Grid


utility so that it can be used when required.

When “Generation > Consumption”, excess electricity is fed to the grid

When “Consumption > Generation”, required electricity is drawn from the grid

Net metering requires the use of grid-tie inverters &

Bi-directional meters to measure both the export & import of electricity

separately.

Some states pay “Feed in Tariff” for excess electricity supplied to grid.

Process for Availing Net MeteringProcess for Availing Net Metering

Project Construction

Approval by ESCOM after feasibility from grid perspective

Apply to concerned ESCOM (AEE)


COMMISSIONING

Inspection & Installation of bi-directional meter by ESCOM

Inspection and Approval by Electrical Inspectorate

Submission of completion report


Recommended Configuration of SPP Recommended Configuration of SPP

for Academic Campusesfor Academic CampusesSolar Power Plant should work both in “On-Grid” and “Off-Grid”

mode

Different technological options should be incorporated


Different technological options should be incorporatedCrystalline, Thinfilm and Concentrated PV modules

Fixed Tilt and Tracker based Module Mounting Structures

Combination of “On-Grid” and “Hybrid Inverters”

Minimum Battery Back-up to be provided to energize critical loadsduring non-sunlight hours.

Integration of Smart Load and Generation Management System(SLGMS) to match Load with Generation for Off-Grid Operation

Schematic SLD for Rooftop Solar Plant


Schematic Diagram for Integration of Smart

Load & Generation Management System


Proposed Configuration of SLMSProposed Configuration of SLMSDifferent Load Centers to be identified within the Campus

Each Load Center to be monitored using a Smart Meter Console

Loads under each Load Center to be categorized into critical andnon-critical loads

Non-critical loads to be grouped based on proximity and priority


Non-critical loads to be grouped based on proximity and priorityand Smart Switches to be provided to each group

A Control Center monitors grid availability, solar generation andLoad under each Load Center through local communicationnetwork

The Control Center controls the Loads to match the generation byswitching on/off the smart switches through local communicationnetwork


WORKING PRINCIPLE

Working Principle of Solar Plant with Working Principle of Solar Plant with

“On“On--Grid “ & “Hybrid Inverters”Grid “ & “Hybrid Inverters”Solar Plant will work in “On-Grid” mode when power is

available

Solar power will synchronise with grid power

If Load > Solar generation � deficit will be imported from grid


If Load > Solar generation deficit will be imported from grid

If Load < Solar generation � surplus will be exported to grid

If Grid supply is interrupted, solar plant will switch to “Off-

Grid” Mode

If sunlight is available, Hybrid inverter will drive the on-grid inverters

so that power generation continues

SLMS will control the loads to match the generation

If sunlight is not available, hybrid inverter will energize the critical

loads using battery storage

Power Availability ScenariosPower Availability Scenarios

Sr. No.GRID

POWER

SOLAR

POWER

LOADS

SERVED POWER

FLOWSCritical

Loads

Other

loads

1AVAILABLE AVAILABLE � � Bi-directional


1 � �

2 NOT

AVAILABLEAVAILABLE � �C

Solar Power

to Load

3 AVAILABLENOT

AVAILABLE � �Grid Power to

Load

4NOT

AVAILABLE

NOT

AVAILABLE � �Battery to

Load

Scenario 1aScenario 1a

Grid & Solar Power AvailableGrid & Solar Power AvailableSolar generation is equal to the load

Load = 200 kW


Load = 200 kW

Solar Generation = 200 kW

Scenario 1b Scenario 1b

Grid & Solar Power AvailableGrid & Solar Power Available

Solar Power Generation is less than Load

Load = 200 kWGrid Power = 50 kW



Scenario 1c Scenario 1c

Grid & Solar Power AvailableGrid & Solar Power AvailableSolar Power generation greater than load

Load = 150 kWPower given to Grid= 50 kW



Scenario 2aScenario 2a

Only Solar Power AvailableOnly Solar Power Available

Solar Generation equal to Load

Load = 200 kW



Scenario 2bScenario 2b

Only Solar Power AvailableOnly Solar Power Available

Load = 200 kW

Solar Generation less than the Load



Battery Power = 40 kW

Scenario 3Scenario 3

Only Grid Power AvailableOnly Grid Power Available

Load = 200 kWGrid Power = 200 kW

Grid Power to the load


Scenario 4Scenario 4

Only Battery Power AvailableOnly Battery Power Available

Load = 40 kW

Battery backup Power fed to the Load


Battery Contribution = 40 kW

Need for Integrating Smart Load & Need for Integrating Smart Load &

Generation Management System Generation Management System

(SLGMS)(SLGMS)1. SLGMS is essential to match Load and Generation in off-grid

mode of OperationMonitors Solar Generation and availability of grid power


mode of Operation• Monitors Solar Generation and availability of grid power

• Monitors Load under each Load Centers

• Controls Solar Generation and Load to match each other on real time

basis in off-gird mode

2. Loads can be controlled even when grid supply is available to

minimize wastage

Working Principle of SLGMSWorking Principle of SLGMSControl Center, though a local communication network, interacts with

Grid

Solar Inverters

Smart Meter associated with Load Centers

Smart Switches

Control Center will exercise control over Generation and the Loads as


Control Center will exercise control over Generation and the Loads asper a “Rule Management System (RMS)”.

When Grid supply is available, SLGMS will match Load to SolarGeneration to the extent possible as per RMS

If Load > Solar Generation, deficit will be imported from grid

If Load < Solar Generation, surplus will be exported to grid

Working Principle of SLGMS Working Principle of SLGMS ContdContd……

When Grid supply is interrupted, SLGMS will control the Generation &Loads as per RMS on real time basis to match the two exactly

If Generation > Load, SLGMS will control Solar generation

If Load > Solar Generation, SLGMS will control Load by switching off non-critical

Loads in a sequence as defined by RMS

If Solar Generation < Critical Load, SLGMS will utilize the battery storage to


If Solar Generation < Critical Load, SLGMS will utilize the battery storage to

energize Critical Loads

If batteries are discharged, will switch on DG set

Key Drivers for Economics of Solar PV PlantKey Drivers for Economics of Solar PV Plant

Capital Cost

Cost of Debt

Yield / Performance Ratio


Yield / Performance Ratio

• Weather conditions – irradiation, ambient temperature

• Panels Orientation – tilt, azimuth

• Use of TrackersPrice for Electricity

Accelerated Depreciation

Solar PV Generation Solar PV Generation

CurvesCurves

A Day in March


A Day in July

Solar PV Generation CurvesSolar PV Generation Curves


Minute wise Data logging in a typical inverter

Particular Value

Time(MM/DD/YYYY hh:mm:ss) 6/3/2015 13:14

Today Energy(Wh) 16800

Life Energy(kWh) 131

DC1 Voltage(V) 564.1


DC1 Voltage(V) 564.1

DC1 Current(A) 7.5

DC1 Wattage(W) 4249

AC Voltage(V) 254.6

AC Frequency(Hz) 50

INV Current(A) 16.3

INV Wattage(W) 4122

INV Temperature(C) 58

Half a day Solar power output variation


15 minute Power Variation


Economics of a Typical Rooftop Solar Plant Economics of a Typical Rooftop Solar Plant

Description Value

Capacity 200 kW

Average Electricity Generation/month (Year 1) 25,000 kWh

Capital Cost Rs. 180 Lakhs

Avoided cost of Electricity / kWh (Year 1) Rs. 7.00 /kWh

Value of Electricity generated / annum (Year 1) Rs. 21,00,000


Value of Electricity generated / annum (Year 1) Rs. 21,00,000

Savings realized net of O&M and insurance (Year 1) Rs. 18,48,000

Financing – Debt:Equity

Debt

Equity

60:40

Rs. 108 lakhs

Rs. 72 lakhs

Cost of Debt 12%

Equity IRR considering Accelerated Depreciation 23.25%

Equity IRR without considering Accelerated

Depreciation

14.74%


Solar Panels installed over a Canopy


DC Distribution Box


DCDB with DC Cable Conduits


Inverter, ACDB & AC Isolation Switch

Way Ahead for ImplementationWay Ahead for Implementation

Feasibility Study Apply to ESCOMReceive ESCOM

approvalDetailed

Engineering & DPR


Vendor Negotiations &

Contracting


Submission of Completion Report

& PPA Execution

Inspection by Electrical

Inspectorate

Installation of bi-directional meter

by ESCOMCommissioning

O&M Institutionalization

What Engineering Colleges should What Engineering Colleges should

look for in solar propositionlook for in solar propositionThe Solar PV system design should be optimal

– Based on state of the art Technology,

– Incorporating different technological options


– Incorporating different technological options

• Crystalline, Thinfilm and Concentrating PV modules

• Module mounting structures with ‘Fixed Tilt’ and ‘Tracking’ systems

• On-grid and Hybrid inverters

– In accordance with latest policy framework (net metering etc.)

– Should work both in On-grid & Off-grid mode

– Maximize economic returns from the investment.

What Engineering Colleges should look for in What Engineering Colleges should look for in

solar solar proposition proposition ContdContd……

The solar plant should include a Smart Load & GenerationManagement System with Smart switching capabilities

System packaged with Pedagogy and Experimental Procedures tofacilitate Teaching and R&D in Solar Technologies and Effective


facilitate Teaching and R&D in Solar Technologies and EffectivePower management.

System should include instrumentation that can be used to evolveforecasting models and simulation software

Services that Colleges should Services that Colleges should

look for from a Consultantlook for from a Consultant

1. System Design & Detailed Project Report Preparation

2. Solution Delivery (EPC Management)


2. Solution Delivery (EPC Management)

3. O&M Institutionalization & Monitoring

THANK YOU

Contact:


Contact:

Dinesh J Kagathi

Power Research & Development

Consultants, Bangalore

+91 78299 04259

[email protected]

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