Ronald Nyagol Ibrahim Sadumah Sitnah Hamida Steve Kola...
Transcript of Ronald Nyagol Ibrahim Sadumah Sitnah Hamida Steve Kola...
INTEGRATION OF HOUSEHOLD WATER TREATMENT, STORAGE &
INDOOR AIR QUALITY•Ronald Nyagol
•Ibrahim Sadumah •Sitnah Hamida
•Steve Kola•Aloyce Rakinyo
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
• Project context– Burden of disease– SWAP– NICHE
• Integrated water treatment/indoor air quality project– Background– Objectives– Methods – Results– Conclusions
• Current Status/Next steps
Outline
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
Burden of DiseaseChildren <5 yrs
Nyanza Province, Kenya
• High mortality rate: 257 per 1000 live births*• Diarrhea in preceding 2 weeks: 17%*• Acute respiratory illness (ARI) in last 2 weeks: 20%*• Endemic malaria• Anemia prevalence: 60-70%
* 2008-09 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (DHS)
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
Challenges
• Poverty• Limited transportation and communication infrastructure• Poor access to improved water supply and sanitation• Limited access to health facilities and services
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
• Registered NGO– Started in 2005– HQs in Kisumu, Kenya– 9 satellite offices & 1 provincial
office
• Organized network of women’s self-help groups– Social entrepreneurs for health – Trained in health and business
practices – Provided with access to microcredit
ABOUT SWAP
Nyando Integrated Child health & Education (NICHE) Project
• Research arm of SWAP• Goal: reduce burden of illness in children <5yrs
– Diarrhea– Acute respiratory infections– Malaria– Malnutrition
• Objectives– Distribute evidence-based health products in integrated fashion
• Social marketing• SWAP groups• Schools• Health facilities• Churches
– Evaluate impact of NICHE intervention on product use and health
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
Location of SWAP/NICHE
Lake Victoria
Nyanza Province
Nyando Division
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
HEALTH PRODUCTS
Bednets (ITN)
Handwashing with soap
PUR
WaterGuard
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
Integration of Household Water Treatment (HWTS) and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
• HWTS– Interventions used
• WaterGuard• PuR• Aquatabs• Improved storage containers
• IAQ– Purpose:
• Prevent pneumonia• Prevent burn injuries in children• Reduce fuel consumption
– Intervention used: Jiko kisasa
Background
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
Traditional fire pit
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
Soot Accumulatedin the Eaves of Kitchen Hut
Improved stove in use
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
Project Objectives
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
• IAQ– Build local capacity to produce, promote,
sell, and install Jiko Kisasa stoves– Evaluate program impact and use
• HWTS– Co-promote with IAQ program– Evaluate program impact and use
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
Methods• Project location: Nyando Division• Population:
– Ten villages randomly selected from 60 villages in NICHE Project
– Households with children <3yrs• Baseline survey• Training:
– SWAP group members• Stove promotion• Business practices/microfinance• Stove installation• Co-promotion of HWTS
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
• Capacity building: local pottery group– Jiko Kisasa production
• Program implementation– Provision of stove stock– Promotions and subsidies
• Monitoring: – Stove sales and installation– Particulate emissions
• Calibration: Standardized boiling and cooking tests• Follow-up evaluation
– Analysis of stove sales– Residual chlorine in stored drinking water– Focus group discussions
Methods Cont…
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
• Cookstoves:
– 3 stone firepit: 99%– Jiko kisasa: 0
• Fuel used
– Firewood: 95%– Crop waste: 42%– Charcoal: 32%
Results: Baseline
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
Implementation/Monitoring
• Stove cost: 150 KSh (USD 2)• July – October 2008: 193 stoves sold
– No incentive• July 2008 - Feb 2009: 267 stoves sold
– Price subsidy• Feb – Dec 2009: 764 stoves sold
– Promotional offer (WaterGuard, jiko t-shirt)– Price subsidy
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
Sales of HWTS & Clean-burning stoves, July – December, 2008, Nyanza Province, Kenya (n = 387 households)
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
Jiko Kisasa Use by HWT Use(n=293 households)
Variable % with Jiko P
Reported HWT previous 12h
22% 0.0003
Never used HWTS 4% ref
+ chlorine residual 27% 0.004
- chlorine residual 5% ref
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
Qualitative Research Results:
Advantages of Jiko Kisasa Stoves
• Eyes don’t burn• Nose doesn’t run• Don’t have to blow on fire• Less smoke• Don’t breathe in smoke• Less fuel• Cook relatively faster
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
Qualitative Research Results Cont….
• Small business opportunity for community members
• Kitchen stays “smart” and “tidy” because of the flat top to put cooked food
• Fewer stomach aches• Less diarrhea
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
Conclusion
• High demand for Cookstoves• Purchase stimulated through subsidies and
promotional items• Reduction of 2.5 micron particles modest• Co-promotion of IAQ and HWTS appeared to
be successful– Jiko Kisasa use and water treatment
correlated• Qualitative research revealed numerous
advantages to improved stoves
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP
Current Project Status/Next Steps
• Jiko Kisasa uptake– Clean-burning stoves available in all 60 NICHE villages and
beyond– Current sales exceed 2500 stoves
• WaterGuard utilization– Ranges from 10 to 40% by village
• Next steps– Acceptability and performance evaluation of 3-6 additional
clean cookstove technologies– Evaluation of performance of thermoelectric fan to
increase Jiko efficiency– Health impact evaluation with most effective technology
Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAPSAFER • HEALTHIER • PEOPLE