Rome Sec1
-
date post
20-Oct-2014 -
Category
Education
-
view
4.276 -
download
7
description
Transcript of Rome Sec1
Chapter Five “Roman Empire”
600 B.C. – A.D. 500
Welcome to Ancient Rome
The Roman Empire
“All roads lead to Rome”
Building Roman Roads… slaves at work.
United by Great Road
system
Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the answers.
large flat stones concretegravel and sand
Introduced standard coinage throughout the Empire
Enforced standardweights andmeasurementsthroughout the Empire
•Italy is a peninsula about 750 miles long
•Apennine (A PUN NAY) Mountains run down the center
Not rugged like in Greece, provides Good Farming
The Land and Peoples of ItalyThe Land and Peoples of Italy
• 3 important fertile plains ideal for farming are along the Po Riveralong the Po River; the plain of Latiumthe plain of Latium, where Rome is located; and the plain of plain of CampaniaCampania, south of Latium.
• farmland allowed it to support a large population.
Etruscans
Greeks
Carthaginians
Daily Life in Ancient Rome
The Impact of Geography
•Rome located 18 miles inland on the Tiber River
•Easy access to the sea but safe from pirates
•Built on 7 hills
The Impact of Geography
•Italian peninsula was a natural stopping point for trade & travel
•Center of Mediterranean Travel
Turn to page 149, “Voices from the Past”
Roman Roman SoldiersSoldiers
Roman Soldiers!
Romans:Romans:For all their war, not one puts on a crown,
but instead builds a senate where they consider the best for all people.
The Roman The Roman RepublicRepublic•Early Rome ruled by kings, some
Etruscan•509 B.C. overthrew the last
Etruscan king
•Republic – a form of government in which the leader is not a monarch & certain citizens have the right to vote
Roman Values & Roman Values & VirtuesVirtues
3 virtues: duty, courage & discipline
Livy Roman historian wrote of Cincinnatus
Why Rome Was Why Rome Was Successful?Successful?
1. Good diplomats2. Extending Roman citizenship & allowing states to run internal affairs
3. Skilled persistent soldiers & brilliant strategists
Why Rome Was Why Rome Was Successful?Successful?
4. Built towns connected by roads
5. Soldiers were deployed quickly
6. Law & politics: Roman were practical & created institutions that responded to problems
The Birth of Rome
VIDEO:
• ““Building an Empire”Building an Empire”• Size, Culture, Customs, Pompeii,
Technology, Religion, Laws, War
The Government of The Government of RomeRome
Two groups:•1. Patricians – great landowners,
who became Rome’s ruling class•2. Plebeians – landholders,
craftspeople, merchants & small farmers
*Only patricians elected to public office
Patriciancarrying
busts of his ancestors
in a parade
The Government of The Government of RomeRome
•Chief executive officers•Consuls (2) – ran the government & led the Roman army into battle
•Praetors – in charge of civil law
The Government of The Government of RomeRome
•Senate, about 300 patricians served for life
•Centuriate assembly, elected consuls & praetors & passed laws
•Organized by classes based on wealth
Roman LawRoman Law•First code of law:
Twelve TablesTwelve Tables•Law of Nations : Issues of Roman and Non-Roman citizenship
•Standards of justice applied to all people equally & used principles recognized today
Law of NationsLaw of Nations•Innocent until proven otherwise
•The accused has a right to a defense before a judge
•Judges should decide cases based on evidence
Rome Conquers the Mediterranean
• Rome faced a strong power in the Mediterranean–Carthage.
• Founded by the Phoenicians around 800 B.C. on the coast of North Africa, Carthage had a large trading empire in the western Mediterranean.
• The presence of Carthaginians in Sicily worried the Romans.
• The two groups began a long struggle in 264 B.C. for control of the Mediterranean area.
Rome Conquers the Mediterranean (cont.)
• The First Punic War
• Romans realized that to win the war they needed a large navy, which they built.
• Rome defeated Carthage’s navy, and in 241 B.C. Carthage gave up its rights to Sicily and paid money to Rome.
• Sicily became Rome’s first province.
Video: 1st Punic War
1st Punic War
• Carthage wanted revenge.
• Hannibal, the greatest Carthaginian general, began the Second Punic War, which lasted from 218 to 201 B.C.
• To take the war to Rome, Hannibal entered Spain, moved east, and then crossed the Alps with a large army, including a large number of horses and 37 battle elephants.
• Many soldiers and animals died during the crossing, but Rome was still under a real threat.
Rome Conquers the Mediterranean (cont.)
Video: Hannibal’s Revenge
Video: 2nd Punic War
• At the Battle of Cannae, Rome lost 40 thousand men.
• In response, Rome raised another army. • Meanwhile, Hannibal roamed throughout Italy
but could not successfully attack the major cities.
• In a brilliant move, Rome attacked Carthage, forcing the recall of Hannibal.
• At the Battle of Zama, Rome crushed Hannibal’s forces.
• Spain became a Roman province, and Rome controlled the western Mediterranean.
Rome Conquers the Mediterranean (cont.)
Hannibal
The Defeat of Hannibal at the Battle The Defeat of Hannibal at the Battle of Zamaof Zama
Video: Battle of Zama
• 50 years later, the Romans fought the Third Punic War.
• In 146 B.C., Roman soldiers sacked Carthage.
• 50 thousand men, women, and children were sold into slavery.
• The territory of Carthage became a Roman province called Africa.
Rome Conquers the Mediterranean (cont.)
Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with elephants to be used in battle. Few of them survived the trip, but some did. What do you think the reaction was of the Roman soldiers to elephants in battle?
Rome Conquers the Mediterranean (cont.)
The few elephants that survived terrified the Romans, as one could imagine on being faced with a charging elephant. Who knows how history would have been different if all of Hannibal’s elephants had survived?
Ruins of Carthage
Rome’s new empire