WATER MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENTS FOR ROD-KOHI SYSTEMS

Engr. M. Zaheer-ul- Ikram

WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTENARC, ISLAMABAD

ROD-KOHI SYSTEMSNon-Perennial FloodwaterSulaiman Ranges of D.I.Khan, D.G.Khan, Barkhan, Loralai and Zoab Kacchi Plain, Lasbela and Kharan Basin of BalochistanKirther Range of Jamshoro (Thana Boula Khan), Dadu & Larkana

Perennial KalapaniD.I.Khan, D.G.Khan, Zhob, Loralai, Kacchi Plain

Potential for Development * Mater Feasibility Studies for Flood Management of Hill-Torrents, NESPAK, 1998.

WHY ROD-KOHI IMPORTANT?Rod-Kohi helps for:Water SpreadingMaintaining Soil MoistureMaintaining Soil FertilityRecharging GroundwaterSustainability of KalapaniSupporting Surface Cover and Natural Vegetation

TECHNICAL ISSUESInherent uncertainty and unpredictabilityWet and dry yearsHigh risks and not equally distributed Active land formation - scour and siltationSilting of nullahs leading to flood hazardsInadequate and inappropriate diversionInequity in distribution of share of waterTail-end water users - affected in both extremes of flood and drought

SOCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL ISSUESSystem deteriorationWater rightsLack of institutional support to water usersLack of co-ordination among public sector institutions

ECONOMIC ISSUESMarginal returnsDifficulty in competing with alternative sources of incomeHigh failure rate of schemes built by public sectorInsufficient provision for water storage (domestic and stock water use) Substantial investments required

R&D Activities

Water Distribution Structure at D.I.Khan

Water Regulating Diversion Structure at D.I.Khan

Water control , Diversion & Regulating Structure at Main Stream

Water Distribution Structureat D.I.Khan

Water Distribution Structure at Barkhan

Water Distribution Structure at Barkhan

Earthen Diversion Bund at D.I.Khan

Plastic Lining at Critical Sections

Water Application and Drainage Structures

Irrigating the Rod-Kohi field

Water Application and Drainage Structure

Water Conveyance Irrigation Systems

Remodeling of Rod-Kohi Tributary of Nullah Gomal

Remodeled Water Conveyance Irrigation System

Pipe-FlowIrrigationSystemsOn FarmersDugwells, Barkhan

Plantation of Fruit Trees underPipe Flow Irrigation Systems

Water Bank and Lined Water Channel at Mithawan Watershed

Water Diversion and Control Structures with Earthen Improvement, Mithawan Watershed

Command Area Development

Development of New Areasat Mithawan Watershed

Conveyanceof Water inRugged MountainousTerrain

Aqueduct coupled with pre-cast parabolic Lining

Low Cost Lining of Water Channel

Lining of Water Channels

LDPE Film Lining 250 Micron

4.5 inch Brick Lining Pre-casted Parabolic Lining

Water Harvesting and Check Dams

Earthen Water Storage Reservoir at Mithawan Watershed

Earthen Ponds and Lining with Plastic Films at Barkhan

Check Dam

Construction of Check Dam at Mithawan Watershed

Eyebrow Terraces for Mazri &Plantation of Forest Trees at Barkhan

Some failed interventions

Small Dam constructed by JICA for initiatingWatershedManagementin MithanwanWatershed notholding water

Water control/ distribution system at Choti Balaa (Mithawan Dam) silted after 2 floods

Water control and distribution system at Choti Bala

Water control and distribution system at Choti Bala

OPTIONS

Managing Outflow at Upstream Construction of storage dams at upstream to induce groundwater recharge and support watershed management activitiesConstruction of check structures in highlands to reduce the velocity of water and trapping of silt

Reducing Existing Losses in Conveyance Network & Crop FieldsImproving the water conveyance systemConstruction of water distribution system at the tertiary levelConstruction of field outletsDevelopment of earthen ponds for domestic and stockwater use Addressing land levels

Enhancing Productivity-IFocus on pulses, fodders, wheat and oilseeds

Research to breed cultivars which extract water from deeper depths

Research to develop drought tolerant fruit plants

Enhancing Productivity-IIResearch to develop low-cost drinking and stock water use technologies

Research to develop high efficiency irrigation systems and high-value agriculture

Reorienting Agriculture Extension for the Rod-Kohi areas

InstitutionalRod-Kohi Development Authorities in all the four provinces having disciplines of:

WaterAgricultureForestryEducationHealthLivestock

Future NeedsCoordination among the public sector institutionsCatchment management strategies to control sedimentation and reduce outflow. OFWM be given priority for diversion, distribution and application of water as program.To create awareness among the civil society groups and NGOs to highlight the importance and potentiality of the area. Rod-Kohi irrigation be included in the agricultural & engineering faculties curriculum.