RobertoMinerva IoT Guadalajara 20131029
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nternet of Things
Roberto Minerva – Chair, oT Working Group,FDC
Telecom talia Future Centre
ctober !"th, #"$!
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2
%gen&a
'imple &efinition of Internet of Things
'ensors, %ctuators an& 'mart b(ects
)et*orks of Things'elf rgani+ing 'stems
To*ar&s a -irtual Continuum
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oT vervie*.pportunit
3
The Internet of Things (IoT) envisions a self-configuring and adaptive
complex system made out of networks of sensors and smart obects
whose purpose is to interconnect !all" things# including every day andindustrial obects in such a way to make them intelligent# programmable
and more capable of interacting with humans$
IoT promises to be the most disruptive technological revolution since
the advent of the Internet$ %roections indicate that up to &'' billion
obects will be connected to the Internet by 2'2'$
!
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/volutionar roa&map for ke functional
elements
M#M IoT I*T
0e elements1
'eparate&
applications
%&2hoc &esigne&
mo&ules
3bi4uitous
connectivit
' M management
nternational
agreements
/mbe&&e& ' M
0e elements1
5o*2cost stan&ar&
sensors
'hort range
communication
Capillar an& macro
net*6
7ori+ontal 'ervices
Data aggregation in
clou&
Thir& part
&evelopment
0e elements1
8-irtual b(ects9
Mirroring Things in
clou&
b(ect 'emantics
Data integration,
fe&eration an&
portabilit Clou&
as &eveloping platf6
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ource *eecham +esearch
oT. *T is ubi4uitous an& covers most
sectors
:
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% fe* features of oT
;that *e are consi&ering to&a<
'mart b(ects an& 'ensors
)et*ork of Things
'elf2organi+ing sstems
The Internet of Things (IoT) envisions a self-configuring and adaptive
complex system made out of networks of sensors and smart obects
whose purpose is to interconnect !all" things# including every day and
industrial obects in such a way to make them intelligent# programmable
and more capable of interacting with humans$
Intelligence at the e&ge
Massive Data
)e* communicationpara&igms
'erviti+ation
-irtual Continuum
=
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'ensor an& 'mart
b(ects
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What are nternet2Connecte& Things>
%ctive.passive, *ith.*ithout information
b(ects bring information1 some can be use& stan&2alone some (ust ma&e available tothe outsi&e *orl&6 Information can be conte?tuali+e&, an& ob(ects can even actautonomousl on that basis6
@
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What are 'ensors an& 'mart
ob(ects >
A 'ensor provi&es ameasure, a value, ani&entifier
A %ctuator e?ecutes anaction
A But *hat aboutsmartiness > % smartob(ect is a &evice that
A can be programmable
A Ma be remotl controlle&
A
It is able to interact *ithother ob(ects an& it mabe capable of interaction*ith 7umans an& thesurron&ing environment
E
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http,,ava$sun$com,developer,technicalrticles,.commerce,rfid,ssrfid,epcnetwork$gif
plications1
gistics
ppl chain
fense an& %erospace
e&ia /ntertainment
Middleware
Tags, an e?ample
$"
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%n /?ample in Wireless 'ensor
)et*orks1 Monitoring 'stem
http1..***6alicosstems6com.*ireless#"sensor6htm
A
b(ects are &istribute&
A
5ocal nformation has to be
for*ar&e& an& processe&
globall
A
nformation has to be
collecte& an& for*ar&e&
A
Remotel it can be conte?t
relate& an& manipulate&
A
)ee& for cooperation
bet*een people an& several
organi+ations ;surveillance
companies, telcos, H<
$$
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%n /?ample of 'mart b(ect
'ee ***6botanicalls6com
$#
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nteractions *ith sensors ;an
M#MIM5 e?ample<
% Te?t Jrotocol forcontrolling
Trans&ucers1•Fe* Jrimitives
• Jercept
• Comman&
• Response
• /?ception• Jropert
•'imple Control1/vents an&
Comman&sFigure from1 http1..***6*earable6eth+6ch.conte?tKrecognition6"6htm
Jercept ;temperature L $:<
Jercept ;temperature L $N<
Jercept ;temperature L $"<
Comman& ;8'tart 7eating9<
Response ;0<
'ensor
%ctuator
Controller
$!
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'oft*are for Wireless 'ensor
)et*orks
% simplifie& Tin' architecture
'ensor as a small computer itnee&s an perating 'stemTin' is such a sstemprovi&ing for basic functions
http1..***6 c
s6kookmin6 a
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(ect#""!K$
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obile'ensor#:=6html
Mobile 'ensor %JI is ane?ample of mi&&le*are forWireless 'ensor )et*orks
pps
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)et*orks of Things
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Connecte& Devices1 WW forecast
%ccor&ing to 7J, at the en& of #"$$ some $: B &evices *ere alrea&connecte& to a communication net*orkO most of them come from theConsumer /lectronics *orl&6 Forecasts for the &eca&e are &ifferent, butall follo*s fast gro*ing curves
ource IT/ 2'&&
$=
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oT traffic1 simulating a countr*i&e
scenarios
#" Millions voice customers,
each one making a single !
minutes phone call.&a
generate about #$ Jeta
Btes .ears
#$ ","N
Currentl $,E Millions of M#M
&evices generate
","N Jeta Btes .ear in tal
$P
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1..***6tcam6com6sg.in&e?6php.'olutions.Machine2To2Machine2M#M2Control2Jro(ect6html
http1..***6omnitronics6com6au.images.%F3K!K""$6(pg
Machine to machine
;M#M< refers to the abilit
of autonomous machines
to e?change &ata in or&er
to control some actuator
or sensor b means of
mobile net*orks an&
connecte& &evices
Machine to Machine
$@
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'ensors an& Capillar vs Telco net*ork 2
General vie*
Capillar )et*ork – connecting sensors actuators to1
0 8*ire&9 ;cable, ?D'5, optical, etc6<0 *ireless cellular ;G'M, GJR', /DG/, !G, 5T/2M, WiM%, etc6<0 *ireless 8capillar9.short2range ;W5%), QigBee, I/// @"#6$:6N?,
WMB3', etc6<
Gate*a – connecting access an& backhaul.core net*orks10 concentrating0 net*ork a&&ress translation0 packet ;&e<fragmentationO etc6
Capillary
Network
Objects
$E
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Center
fre4uenc
Ban&
*i&th
=6P@" M7+ ;S< !" k7+
$!6:=" M7+ $N k7+
#P6$#" M7+ !#= k7+
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Techs for oT Capillar )et*orks
T/C
76T
R/)D'
F
W%R)I)G
'
8Th ings9 a re e?pec te & to connec t to t he b i g n te rne t
v i a J % ) n e t * o r k s
Main characteristics of Jersonal %rea )et*ork
Technologies1
5imite& coverage
;i6e6 ra&io range< in the or&er of cm2kmas a function of ra&io po*er application scope ;see table<
3nlicense& ban&s
1 In&ustrial2'cientific2Me&ical ;I'M< forgeneric applications, other ban&s for specific applications6,e6g61
me&ical apps ;#6:: G7Q re4ueste& in 3', re(ecte& b /3<O
gri&s.metering apps ;$=E M7+, other><
Co2e?istence
of multiple apps technologies in the sameban&
Tpicallbatter2operate&
&evices *ith $ &ut ccle )o planne&
infrastructure
;a&2hoc net*orks<, unmanage&
%pplication scope Ra&io po*er
;coverage<
Bo& %rea )et*ork;B%)<
UW ;$"2!" cm<
7ome %rea )et*ork;7%)<
$ mW ;fe*meters<
)eighbor %rea )et*ork;)%)<
$"" mW ;$2#km<
I'M Ban& ;IT32R<;S< sub(ect to local acceptance
#"
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)et*orks of 'ensors, %ctuators an& 'mart
b(ects create %mbient ntelligence1
the
%utomotive Communication 'cenarios ;C%5M< e?ample
ITS Infrastructure
Service CenterAdaptation Location Profilin 1
erviceervice ervice
$6 R' /
$6 :6@G7+
$6 D'RC
$6 vehicle2to2vehicle S
$6 ;C%5M : or =" G7+<
$6 portable2to2
$6 vehicle
$6 R' /
$6 R'/2to2
$6 R'/ S
$6 7ot2'pot
$6 ;Wireless
$6 5%)<
$6 R' /
$6 'atellite
$6 Broa&cast
$6 GJ'.G%5 5/
$6 Terrestrial
$6 Broa&cast
$6 Cellular
$6 Cellular
$6 Jortable
$6 nternet
$6 Jortable
$6 nternet
$6 C%5M M:
$6 W%-/ S
$6 R' /
$6 C%5M
$6 R S
'stems are &istribute& an& comprises
several net*orks of sensors, tags,
actuators an& smart ob(ects
'ervices are strongl 3ser Relate&
;nee& to &eal *ith &entit an& Jrivac<
5ocal &ata has to be for*ar&e& an&
processe& globall an& transforme&
into nformation
nformation has to be locall re2
&istribute& an& conte?t relate& ;if ou
are in a 4ueue ou alrea& kno* it O2<
)ee& for cooperation bet*een people
an& several organi+ations ;cit
transport companies, telcos, H<
Calm %rchitecture from /rtico#$
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%nthing *ill be a no&e V
Intel has unveile& a WiFi sliver of siliconthat can be part of a normalmicroprocessor chip6
%s of to&a, WiFi chips *ere separate fromthe microprocessor because of specificnee&s of the ra&io part6
This is the first time that someone ;Intel<has come up *ith an in&ustrialmanufacture& chip embe&&ing ra&io onthe chip6
We can e?pect that *herever *e fin& a
microprocessor ;e6g6 in over P" of tos,to name (ust one area< *e *ill fin&embe&&e& connectivit6
+oberto aracco
http,,www$blog$telecomfuturecentre$it,
##
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%& 7oc )et*orks
!"cerpts fro# $ttp%&&www'ericsson'co#&about&publications&review&()))*)+&files&())))+,'pdf
o you remember the assumption of six
degree of separations
4ith 5 arcs you could connect any two
obects in the world 1
• Ad -oc Networkin as a way to
areate co##unities of intent• -eteroeneous access networks
#ake t$is appealin for IoT
#!
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ntelligence at the /&ge
The network will be ust a small part of the smartness
#N
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7o* much Data Mining from oT >
http1..***6ais6uni2bonn6&e.images.)euralK%bstractionKJrami&6png
http1..***6limsi6fr.(ps.enseignement.e?amsma.#""N.B7%TTI.in&e?6h
IoT is instru#ental to build S#art !nviron#ents' T$ey are s#artbecause t$ey can #anipulate plenty of local data includin personal
data'
.$o is t$e owner of t$ese data / .$o onws t$e inferred infor#ation /
#:
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&entit of Things
•/ach Resource is
a&&ressable
•/ach resource is
C))/CT/D
– Connectivit must be
guarantee& in a
variet of
environments
– 'ecure 5inks have to be
guarantee&
•/ach Resource can be
associate& to a 3ser
; &entit<
•Who o*ns these
relations 13ser & 2
5ocation 2 Resource &
2 &ata use&.generate&
>
0Things can collect user relate&
actions an& &ata
0/ach Thing can be use& for tracking
3sers
0 #=
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Jroper Management of Jersonal Data
'ource1Bain
Compan
,
-olunteere& &ata1 create& an& e?plicitl share& b in&ivi&uals
bserve& &ata1 capture& b recor&ing the actions of in&ivi&uals
Inferre& &ata1 base& on analsis of volunteere& or observe& information
/?cerptform18Jersona
lData2The
/mergenceofa)e*
%ssetClass9;W/F<
Jersonal Data
shoul& be
properl regulate&
an& manage&
A 0user1centric personal data eco1syste#2 3.!4oru#5
#P
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Dealing *ith Data1 Data %nonimi+ation,
Contracts an& Conte?tuali+ation
(6
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'elf rgani+ing
)et*orks
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)o&es *ill connect each other
in unpre&ictable *as
http,,muxware$net,sol6mesh$php
&
2
37ode ggregation at time t&
Aggregation 1
Aggregation 2
Aggregation 3
&
2
3
7ode ggregation at time t2
Aggregation 2
Aggregation 1
Network
Increasing richness and
complexity at the edge of
networks
!"
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Dealing *ith Comple?it at the
e&ge1 'elf2rgani+ation of
)et*orks
http,,innovation$gsa$gov,blogs,89I8$nsf,dx,:anagement-Innovators-
*ookshelf-mall-%ieces-;oosely-<oined--/nified-Theory-of-the-4eb-
by-avid-4einberger-2''2
Management of
comple? an&
&namic 8)et*orks
of )et*orks9 *ill be
critical
•)o human
intervention
possible
•Competition on
resources
Re4uire
•'elf2organi+ation
•Game theor
techni4ues for
highl &istribute&
s stems
!$
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'elf2rgani+ing )et*orks ;')<
') aims at intro&ucing autonomic features innet*orks, such as self2configuration, self2optimi+ationan& self2healing ;automatic troubleshooting<6
These mechanisms *oul& enable automation of certaintasks performe& &ail b humans6
This *oul& mean simplifie& management, lo*eroperational costs an& improve& efficienc6
!#
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0 % self2organi+ing no&e can beseen as a &namic sstem
*hose states are time2evolvingas events occur6
= It is sensitive to the conte?tvariations an& capable of reactingto self2a&apt &namicall
0 It is like a 8self2manage& cell9*ith a set of features, e6g6,
= Discover, Jolicies, Monitor,'ecurit
0 What is nee&e& to buil& it >= a smart phone ;as Wi2Fi 7ot 'pot<
= cheap, tin JCs ;e6g6 RaspberrJi<
= microcontrollers ;e6g6 %r&uino<
= 'ensors, actuators, etc6
% self2organi+ing no&e
!!
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'elf rgani+ation1 the Cooperation
e?ample on optimal &istance
The ma?imum allo*able &istance for D#D
communication is &etermine& b the po*erlevel for each transmission6
Goal1 best cooperation &istance an&
sharing polic so that the number of
active D#D links is ma?imi+e&6– The smaller the transmit po*er, the smaller
the region in *hich a D#D communicationcreates interference6
– n the other han&, a small transmit po*ermight not be sufficient to reach a no&e6
– 'maller po*er means smaller &istance an&hence smaller probabilit of collaborationopportunities6
This self organi>ing
feature is very important
to create dynamic
networks capable ofsupporting the local
communications needs of
smart obects
!N
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Cooperation is ver important
% fun&amental aspect of all a&aptive sstems iscooperation6
)atural selection favors cooperation, if the benefit ofthe altruistic act, b, &ivi&e& b the cost, c, e?cee&s theaverage number of neighbors, k, *hich means b.c X k6
t is necessar enforcing altruistic behaviors in
oT net*orks
;social aspects on it<
?isashi 8htsuki# ! simple rule for the evolution of cooperation
on graphs and social networks"# 7ature# ;etters# @ol AA&B2C :ay 2''5Bdoi&'$&'3D,nature'A5'C
!:
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7o* 'mart b(ects *ill
communicate
)et*ork Intelligence ;e6g6, IM'< is a hierarchicalmo&el base& on the assumption that control hasto be e?erte& b a fe* speciali+e& control no&es
Client – 'erver mo&el &isregar&s thenet*ork aspects an& can lea& to atrage& of commons ;misuse of common
net*orking resources<
ther mechanisms ;messagebase& like Jub'ub< can be moreattractive for IoT
!=
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% T*itter of Things1 a Transactional Comple?
/vent Jrocessing
Sensor 1
Sensor 2
Sensor 3
Sensor n
Queue A
Aggregator a
Aggregator b
Aggregator c
Sensor n+1
Sensor n+2
Sensor n+3
Sensor
n+m
Queue B
Aggregator d
Aggregator e
Aggregator f
Event Event
Event
Event
Security
Trans
actionMana
g ement
MonitoringR.T. no!"edgee#traction
0 T!itter is for Rea" Time $eb A%%s0 T!itter is used &in an e#%erimenta" fas'ion( for t'e distribution of a"arms from smart ob)ects0 T'e rea" time !eb &and in %articu"ar t'e *ubSub mode"s( cou"d su%%ort ne! c"asses of
services and enab"ing ne! %"atforms and %roviders0 T'e t!itter of t'ings enab"es t'e Bro,ering ro"e for info e#c'anged by smart ob)ects
!P
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To*ar&s a -irtual
Continuum
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The -irtual Continuum
In a conte?t of a 'mart Cit, the virtual
continuum offersthe opportunit to
measure the relevant events occurring
in a cit
b means ofphsical ob(ects
;e6g6, sensors, smart ob(ects< an&
conse4uentlto plan policies
for a&apting!E
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-irtual Continuum is
'erviti+ation
Serviti7ation is t$e capability of creatin a link between a 3p$ysical5
product and a set of services and enric$ed functionalities t$at e"tend8
co#ple#ent8 and add value to t$e product itself
N"
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-irtuali+ation an& %J s as means to enter into the -irtual Continuum
'ensors Things %ctuators
Real Worl&b(ects
.ach @irtual 8bect will have- uniEue identifier- contract- n %I- communication
mechanism (%ubub)
Jroprietar Jrotocols
)ormali+e&Interfaces
-irtualb(ects
%pplications
0Decoupling of physical objects and virtualones (Virtual Continuum)0Normalized applications can be built on Virtual
Objects (having an impact on Physical
Objects)0ervitization
Terminals
Clou&
N$
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The Conte?t for -irtual
Continuum
9 om p u t i n g 9l o u d
images of
terminals
and obects(%roxying and ecurity
Functions)
applications
G services
physical world
smart
obects
mobile
devices
@ i r t u al i > e d
r e s o ur c e s
'ecure,
al*as best
co ecte&
virtuali+e&
cha el
Brokeri g a &
%ggregatio Fu ctio
@irtual
.nvironment
network resources
processing resourcesstorage resources
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Jutting together t*o technological tren&s
Tren&$ 1 Remoti+ation an& -irtuali+ation of
b(ects into the Clou&
Tren&# 1 %utonomic an& Cognitive
capabilities to support self2organi+ing
sstems
The, * i l l , ie l& to a
)e t*ork pera t i ng
',s tem * i th " 2 touch
capa b i l i t ies ab le to
&,nam ica l l, a&ap t t o
the rea l *o r l &
c h a n g e s
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Mi&2term scenario1 integrating an&
virtuali+ing things
%JI
%l*as BestConnecte& Comm6
'ensors
Things
Tag
Tags thers
%pp /cosstem
Jlatform -alue
/cosstem -alue
'ervice.%pps
-alueJrogrammabi
lit-alue
Jrocessing
'torage
Communications
Comm -alue
Communication/ngine ;e6g6, event
base&<
%utonomics an& 'elfrgani+ation
Brokering of -irtualb(ects
)egotiation.Bi& ofb(ects
b(ectsRegistr
b(ectsmanagement
/?tensive b(ects -irtuali+ation
%JI
TelcoBuil&ingBlocks
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% fe* Things *e are
&oing at the Future
Center in -enice
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The impact of technologies on
the Cit1 The Free&om Bri&ge e?ample
/ver &a in -enice almost #"" 0 people arein the cit , even if onl less than ="0of-enice live in hereIt is more than $N"0 transits1 it is not onltourists, it is commuters1 stu&ents an&*orkers6% lot of people have left the cit for the
mainlan&6 %n& the cit has lost not onlciti+ens, but also a part of its i&entit6
7o* this happene& > Because of a Bri&geVVVThe 5ibert Bri&ge has intro&uce& a'emiotic break&o*n1 instea& of bringingin mo&erni+ation, it has brought to thesimboli+ation of -enice ;i6e6, it is a
postcar&<
http1..***6linkiesta6it.blogs.cultura2rete2il2blog2&i2vene+ia2#"$E2
salone2europeo2&ella2cultura.l2alba2&i2una2nuova2vene+ia2
% &ifferent proposal1 to close it to cars an&trains an& to make it a ccle track forcingpeople to live in -enice
onte &ella 5ibertY, i6e6, the Free&om Bri&ge
Wikipe&ia1Jonte &ella 5ibertY
is a roa& bri&ge connecting the historical center of thecit of -enice to the mainlan&6Designe& in $E!# b engineer /ugenio Mio++i, an& opene& b Benito Mussolini in $E!! asJonte 5ittorio
, the bri&ge is the onl access for roa& vehicles to the historical center6 It isbuilt alongsi&e the -enice Railroa& Bri&ge, *hich *as constructe& in $@N= b %ustrian,*ith t*o tracks each *a, an& is still in use6
N=
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Counting people *ithout infringing
Jrivac
The Future Centre in -enice is *orking at the monitoring in 4uasi real2time on the pe&estrian flo*s in thecit center6 The goal is to measure the pe&estrian traffic an& keeping the anonmit an& privac of users6
The pro(ect has been using lo*2cost sensors an& &evices ;:"2$"" euros< *ith a small si+e ;t*o cigarettepacks< in or&er to ac4uire vi&eo flo*s of passing b people an& to process it locall *ithout an leak orprivac violation6 These &evices *ill provi&e their I&, the time an& the number of people that have been&etecte& I&eall these ob(ects coul& be scattere& in man places of the cit an& freel transit their &ata;e6g6, through t*itter<6 In such a *a, intereste& &evelopers coul& crate ne* applications base& on these&ata66
pe rso n 2 c o un te r 1 s imu la t i o n ba se & o n re a l
&a ta
Is it a person
or a shadow
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%n /?ample of Cro*&sourcing1
Tag the Cit
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% fe* *or&s about
/// nitiative on oT
C'
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%n /// nit iative on oT1 Goal an&
b(ectives
I... IoT will be a cross-disciplinary initiative fostering collaboration and connecting
technical G business communities to I... experts and resources.stablish I... as a T$ou$t Leader and essential to the IoT community
I... to be recogni>ed as the go-to resource for
= engineering and technology professionals in industry# academia and government
working on IoTH
= broad education of the public (including consumers) and governmental bodiesdesiring non-biased and balanced understanding of IoT developments# including
its related technologies# products# implementation and its ongoing evolution$
evelop and promote valued programs# products and services for the IoT community$
To establish
= The I... 4orld Forum on IoT as the principal conference devoted to IoT= The I... IoT <ournal as the principal ournal devoted to IoT
= I... IoT standards as the principal standards in IoT
= I...s IoT tutorials# review articles# workshops# short courses and similar
activities as the principal IoT educational activities$