Roadmap to sustainable mobility - Nordic Public...

Inform Norden & Nordisk Lokaltraffikk OSLO 2014

Chris Verweijen, Movares

Roadmap to

sustainable

mobility

Bridging

the gap!

And who am I?

● RET: Public Transport City of Rotterdam:

Network planning & New fast tramway network

Strategic planning

● Movares: Strategic projects on:

Public transport planning

Light Transit & Mobility network

Sustainable mobility

Chris!

Og tusen takk for invitasjonen! Och tack så mycket för inbjudan!

Ja kiitos paljon kutsusta! Og mange tak for invitationen!

Og þakka þér kærlega fyrir boðið!

Movares - a short description

Movares:

• Until 1995 EB Dutch Railways – now independent engineering

consulting firm (about 1300 employees)

• A lot of projects are still rail-based

(High speed line to Belgium, Rail Freight corridor to Germany)

• But now also all other forms of infrastructure, mobility and

sustainability, from the very first idea up until realization

• Movares is certified ISO14001 (sustainable organization)

The sustainable bus is HOT!!

http://xover.htu.tuwien.ac.at/~tramway/fotokiste/image.php/8301-aufgeb.jpg?group=stadtverkehr-austria-fotos&msg=19462&att=4

Is it new?

The discussion in 1900 – 1920:

Will it be diesel, electric or steam in the future!

NO !

What will you hear?

What is sustainability?

Overview Classification

Details of some categories

Overall view possibilities

Trends

Conclusions

Steps to a sustainable future

Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions


● There are at least 150 different definitions of sustainability we won’t solve that today!

● What is important for you on this moment in sustainability! Factors may be:

o CO2 transition (W-W or T-W)

o Emissions: NOx; SOx en CH & PM score (W-W or T-W)

o Noise (reduction)

o Disturbed view

o Use of toxic substances (Batteries!)

o Use of natural resources ; Cradle to Cradle & re - use of materials



Once you know your point of interest, you will be confronted with questions such as..

● How reliable are possible solutions ?

● What are the expected future developments?

● AND : does it pay back (in money . . .) ??

Classifying your ambitions:

In the next slides I show you the Movares Classification of the possibilities (4 categories) to bridge the gap to sustainability

How to chose your roadmap


First category: just going on – but more sustainable

potential possibilities: Euro 6 – biogas /CNG – biofuel bus – lightweight bus – GTL etc.

Euro bus

(up to V) Sustainable bus

How to bridge the gap to sustainability? First category: just going on – but more sustainable


Alternative fuel/technology: CNG bus ● buses drive on Compressed Natural Gaz ● Local effects CNG (study TU Graz)

only CO emission lower than Euro VI ● Operational costs higher than Diesel Biogas – bus: ● extra: almost CO2 neutral (well to wheel) ● Interesting in combination with Hybrid buses

(Malmö, Bergen).

Bio diesel: ● effect depends on mix percentage

GTL (Gaz to Liquid / Utrecht): ● GLT Euro VI better than Diesel Euro VI but about as

noisy as a normal Diesel

How to bridge the gap to sustainability? First category: just going on – but more sustainable


Second category: choose the solution “in between”: - more sustainable than Euro VI (and reliable!)

- and more sustainable than the first category

potential possibilities: Various forms of

hybrid buses

Second Category: “somewhere in – between”

Euro bus


How to bridge the gap to sustainability?



Hybrid bus (Diesel – electric)

● Bus with diesel and electric motor; braking energy is stored as electricity and used

● Two kinds: parallel en serial Serial for short distance city traffic; parallel better for other parts city and region

Effects:

● Average savings in fuel 15-30%

● Purchase costs higher (+ €70.000 for 12m bus)

● Avarage TCO comparable with standard bus

● Proven technology for most manufacturers

Example : Volvo sells only Hybrid buses from now

Second category: somewhere in between – the details

Source: hydrogen bus rapport EU



Third category: dial now for a sustainable & silent bus even though some possibilities aren’t not yet fully developed

potential possibilities:

Battery bus, trolleybus & hydrogen fuel cell bus

Third Category: going green - if possible!

Euro bus




Electric (battery) bus / charging in garage

● Local without any emission and a very low noise level

● Much buses from China – in Europe now VDL & Solaris

● Too short range (200 – 250km) for use on longer lines; record in Copenhagen: 325 km on single charge.

● Batteries are very heavy and takes the place of passengers

● High first costs (+ 100.000 €) but low energy costs

Trolleybus


● Number of manufacturers / E-traction Vossloh-Kiepe

● Wire costs a lot of money (construction & maintenance)

● Visual obstruction

● Some new cities in the last few years (Landskrona)

● High purchase costs but long living buses!

Third category: Going Green Now! – the details


Hydrogen bus


● Price still very high: 0,9 - 1,5 million €

● TCO still too high

● Very interesting in terms of transition as hydrogen is already present or if it is used as a green storage medium (otherwise possible negative return)

● Some points of attention: o H2 Doesn't exist in natural form; production gives a

negative efficiency ; but interesting in combination with green electricity.

o Difficult to compress

o dissolves in metal - special tanks needed,

o Highly flammable

● Very interesting for the future !

Source: study hydrogen bus EU

How to bridge the gap to sustainability? Third category: Going Green Now! – the details



Fourth Category: choose for a system in which the battery is charged during the working hours of the bus or :

use extenders to extend the range of your bus potential possibilities:

electric (battery) bus or hybrid bus with recharging options

Bus with extender

Fourth category: greening step by step

Euro bus



http://xover.htu.tuwien.ac.at/~tramway/fotokiste/image.php/8301-aufgeb.jpg?group=stadtverkehr-austria-fotos&msg=19462&att=4

Greening step by step (Opportunity charging)

● Possible for: hybrid bus, trolleybus of battery bus

● Topic: charging during public service

● Advantage: reduce number of batteries

● Forms of charging:

o Via fixed contact: conductive by stops or on the move using centenary

oWithout fixed contact: inductive by stops or on the move with special inductive road

o Through solar panels (used in southern Europe)

● Interesting : Volvo strategic planning: step by step from hybrid to electric Public Transport

Picture: Hybricon / E-traction Umeå

How to bridge the gap to sustainability? Fourth category: greening step by step


Conductive charging

With trolley

● line 90 in Rome (Solaris Trollino); Batteries in centre – overhead wire elsewhere

● Concrete plans in f.e. Leipzig and Osnabrück



//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Rome_trolleybus_2007.JPG

Conductive charging (with battery bus or Hybrid bus)

● Charging at stops with short stretch 2-pole conduct wire;

bus with some kind of pantograph

● Examples:

o Stadtbus Wien (Siemens)

o Gothenburg (2013) & Stockholm (2014): Volvo Plug-in Hybrid

o Umea: now 8 new Hybricon & e-traction buses

o Foothill line 291 Los Angeles USA (Proterra) (with “smoke

stack”) ; record: 700km/day! (April 2014)

o TOSA Geneva

Advantages : • No loss by transferring • Often simple construction • Step by step is simple

Disadvantages • View of the construction • Costs



Inductive charging (with battery bus of hybrid bus)

● At the stop power is transferred by induction to the vehicle

● Alternative: complete road with induction (Primove system)

● Examples: Volvo/ Bluekens bus ‘s Hertogenbosch (NL); Primove Mannheim & Berlin & Brunswick (D)

Advantages

● No wires in the air

● Easy to make a step by step approach

Disadventages

● Costly

● 5-15 % loss compared to conductive charging

● A Lot of hard to change infrastructure in the ground



Overview Possibilities

● Euro VI bus ● CNG / Biogas ● New fuels ● Light weight bus

All options with (very indicative) score

Greening step by step

Going green NOW

Somewhere in between

Just going on . . .

● Parallel hybrid bus

● Serial hybrid bus

● Electric bus (with batteries)

● Trolley

● Hydrogen hybrid bus

● (Flywheel & compressed air)

● Plug – in Hybrid bus / Trolley / battery bus

● Conductive & inductive charging

● Battery in trailer

● Battery swapping

score

0-emission -

Reliable

Cost

score

0- em. -

Reliable

Cost

score

0-em. -

Reliable

Cost

score

0-em.

Reliable

Cost


Trends

Kortrijk march 2014:

● Gas not in the picture anymore: manufacturers still sell them but no great enthusiasm anymore;

● Hybrids are on the move. A good hybrid now gives a reduction of 15 – 30%

● Hydrogen is still very costly; but manufacturers see opportunities in range-extenders for electric buses

● Manufacturers are more thinking in modularity

● Batteries show an increase in possibilities – but very slowly: normal range of an electric bus won’t be more than 250-300km/day for the foreseeable future

● “Battle” between conductive and inductive charging!

● wheel-hub motors becoming more widespread

● More cities interested in Trolley with charging opportunities

What is interesting in the market now


Trends

ZeEUS Project UITP: Demonstrations and experiments Zero Emission Urban bus System

What is interesting in the market now


Conclusions

● Find out what sustainability means for you : there is not “one” solution

● Think – if possible – from the (long) future to the present and not the other way around (step – by – step )

● Make a sustainable network planning - an empty bus isn’t sustainable!

● Use (or think of) electricity if you have that in your network

● Choose some bus types that belongs to your aspects and vision

● Make a business case of all the chosen buses (TCO / sustainability)

● If you are not sure: choose always a proven technology (don’t buy 100 protos !)

Roadmap to sustainability


Conclusions








● But try if possible some proto types for a further step to your future: help the industry – they can’t do it (all) alone

but: keep it simple! Otherwise. . .

Proven technology


Conclusions








● But try if possible some proto types for a further step to your future: help the industry – they can’t do it (all) alone

but: keep it simple! Otherwise. . .

Roadmap to sustainability


Conclusions

You wont reach the other side !


Conclusions

You wont reach the other side ! Questions?

You must have them . . . !


If you have any questions:

Just contact me, I will be happy to help you.

Also for planning a new sustainable Light Transit / BRT network

[email protected]

0031-6-53527914

mailto:[email protected]

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