Road to the American Revolution. The French and Indian War The French & the English both wanted...
-
Upload
sheila-king -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Road to the American Revolution. The French and Indian War The French & the English both wanted...
The French and Indian War The French & the English
both wanted control of the Ohio River Valley. The river lead to Quebec, the Mississippi River, New Orleans (controlled by France), the Louisiana Territory, & was needed for the fur trade
This is known as Anglo-French imperial competition
Anglo= English imperial= Empire
building, as the forceful extension of a nation's authority by territorial conquest establishing economic & political domination of other nations
Anglo-French Competition
Most of the fighting took place in Europe and is known as the 7 Years War
In the 1740’s fighting began in the colonies over the Ohio River Valley territory
Governor of New France built forts along the Ohio River to block English settlement
Ben Franklin came up with the Albany Plan of Union – to unite the colonies against the French
Native Americans become Allies with the French
French & Native Americans fight the English & the colonists. Spain would enter on the French side later
Native Americans see this as a way to gain land back from the English
George Washington emerged as a heroic leader during the war; fighting alongside the British
Ben Franklin draws a political cartoon entitled Join or Die – urging the colonies to unite
The British Triumph The British fleet
sailed up the St. Lawrence River & attacked Quebec
British won the Battle of Quebec in 1759 and it became the turning point in the war
The Treaty of Paris 1763; ended the French & Indian War
Eliminated French power in North Am.
The British gained control over Quebec (New France)
Spain had to give up Florida – but received control over New Orleans & the Louisiana Territory (but not for long ) as compensation for losing Florida
The groundwork is being laid for the American Revolution
WHY? Colonists become more united British & the colonists changed
their opinions of each other during the course of the French & Indian War
Colonists begin to regard the British as weak and disrespectful
Colonists saw themselves as more American than British
Proclamation of 1763 Setters were moving
into Chief Pontiac's territory
British officials did not want the cost of another war or to disrupt trade
King George III drew a line running west of the Appalachian Mountains and declared colonists could not settle that land
Settlers/farmers were enraged and went anyway
Britain Had to Pay for the French and Indian War New taxes were passed British custom agents
were collecting very little money
Merchants were smuggling goods without paying customs duties – taxes on imports and exports
Those accused of smuggling did not have the rights of other British subjects like a speedy trail, jury trial & agents did not have warrants- NO DUE PROCESS OF LAW all British citizens were supposed to have these rights & colonists were British citizens
The Stamp Act Crisis
To raise money Passed by Parliament (the British
legislature) in March of 1765 Tax placed on printed materials
such as paper, pamphlets, wills, posters, mortgages, playing cards & diplomas
This was the first direct tax on the colonies
Virginia House of Burgesses came out against the tax, a huge debate began in newspapers and around the colonies
The Stamp Act Congress
9 colonies sent representatives As British citizens they were being denied
their right for representation in Parliament “No taxation without representation” Colonists ignored the tax Colonists boycotted British goods The tax was repealed (taken back) Parliament passed the Declaratory Acts:
stating that Parliament had the right to make laws for the colonies
Membership grew quickly
Intimidated tax collectors
Organized meetings Demonstrations
Spun their own homegrown cloth
Boycotted British Tea
Promoted American patriotism
Committee of Correspondence
Thomas Jefferson suggested that the colonies create a way to correspond & communicate with one another
Helped unify the colonies & shape public opinion Helped coordinate plans to resist the British
Ideas that Influenced the Revolution
Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense- convinces the colonists to break away from the British. Natural Rights of Life, Liberty and Property – belong to every human being
King George III was tyrant The King seized power from
the people
Enlightenment movement that emphasized science and reason as a way to improve society
1,000 troops were in Boston to maintain control & Were consistently harassed & heckled
A crowd of colonists taunted & threw snowballs at a solider guarding a customs house
The British captain & 7 soldiers came to his aid
They fired in the crowd & when the smoke cleared 5 colonists were killed
Boston Massacre
Boston Tea Party Parliament passed the Tea Act in 1773 to help the British
East India Tea Company to keep from going bankrupt. Portion of the tax was given to the company
British East India Tea Company could sell their tea to the colonies cheaper, plus the company bypassed American merchants
150 people boarded the ship and dumped 342 chests in the Boston Harbor
The King was furious and punished the Boston people by passing the Intolerable Acts. The Boston Port was closed till the tea was paid for,
the citizens had to QUARTER British soldiers, NO more town meetings
Cause Effects1. The British Parliament passed the Proclamation of 1763
1. Colonist resented limits placed on westward expansion
2. Britain had huge debts from protecting the colonists during the French and Indian War
2. In 1764 Parliament passed the Sugar Act to raise more tax money for Britain
3. Britain passed the Stamp Act to raise money; stamp placed on all printed goods
3. Colonists boycotted British goods & claimed no taxation w/out representation
4. British troops occupied Boston & tensions exploded into the Boston Massacre in 1770
4. Committees of Correspondence were formed to coordinate resistance to the British in the colonies
5. Parliament passed the Tea Act 5. Colonists protest by organizing the Boston Tea Party
6. Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts punishing Massachusetts
6. Protest committees elected delegates to the First Continental Congress
5 ACTS of the Revolution
Proclamation Act of 1763
King George drew N-S line closing region west of Appalachians to colonists
Intolerable Acts Punished Mass., closed Boston port, no elected officials
Quartering Act Forced colonists to pay for British troops lodging
Stamp Act Required tax on printed materials, 1st direct tax on colonists
Tea Act Bypassed colonial merchants in tea sales, favored British East India Tea Co.