Ch 4, Sec 3-4 The French and Indian War

Causes of the War• British wanted to trade in the Ohio River Valley and built a fort for traders• French claimed the land and built up many forts

to fight the British• British troops attacked French troops in modern

day Canada• French troops then attacked Maine/New York

George Washington

• Sent to Ohio River Valley to survey land• Supposed to kick the French off “British” lands• French ignored him• Was made a lieutenant colonel of a militia• Took troops to modern day Pittsburgh and

built Fort Necessity• Here, his troops lost against the French

The Natives Take France’s Side

• Treated them better• Wanted to only trade• Did not take their lands• Married native women• Accepted native culture

Iroquois Confederacy• Lived in NY• Originally traded with both groups• Became allies with the British for trade

purposes

Albany Plan of Union• 11 colonies came together to plan protection

from the French• Wanted to become allies with the Iroquois• Plan failed b/c no one colony would give up

total power for the greater good

General Edward Braddock

• Sent by Britain to push the French out of the Ohio River Valley

• 1st time the colonists got help from Britain in 1754

• Ignored Washington’s ideas on fighting strategy

• Ambushed and killed with 1,000 of 1,400 men

• British Troops

• French Troops and Indians

Early Years of the War• British lost most battles• Forced Britain to start a war with France in

Europe-the Seven Years War– Britain allied with Prussia-fought the French for

them while Britain fought in the colonies– France allied with Spain

William Pitt

• New Prime Minister of Britain• Picked great military leaders-defeated the

French forts in Canada and in the colonies by 1759

• Said Britain would front the war bill, not the colonists

• Made the colonists pay the bill after the war ended through taxes (1st cause of the Revolutionary War)

Where Were The British Victorious?

• Canada• West Indies (Caribbean)• Cuba• India• New France (modern day Quebec, Canada)– French Capital in the New World

Treaty of Paris of 1763• France got their lands back in the West Indies• British got the French lands in Canada and

lands in America to the Mississippi River• Britain got Florida from Spain in return for

giving them land West of the Mississippi River• Ended French presence in North America

What Happened To The Natives?

• Continued trading with the British• British traders increased prices of goods• British did not pay natives for lands taken

from them• British started stealing their lands in the Ohio

River Valley

Proclamation of 1763• Signed after the end of Pontiac’s War– Natives tried to attack/take over

colonists but failed• Stopped expansion of the colonies

West• Made the Appalachian Mountains the

boundary• Not popular with colonists who

claimed land in the banned areas (2nd Cause of the Revolutionary War)