Rn Investigation Into the Vacational Preferences of Higher ... · School Pupils DISSERTATION...
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Rn Investigation Into the Vacational Preferences of Higher Secondary School Pupils DISSERTATION Submitted to Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarlj. in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Arts, in EDUCATION 19T8—T9 By IQBAL AHMAD RollNo. 77EDM-01 Enrolment No. M-164 ^^ ^ C^ompot, '-^^^.:i?r^ DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATiON ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH
Transcript of Rn Investigation Into the Vacational Preferences of Higher ... · School Pupils DISSERTATION...
Rn Investigation Into the Vacational Preferences of Higher Secondary
School Pupils
DISSERTATION
Submitted to Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarlj.
in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of
the Degree of Master of Arts,
in
EDUCATION
1 9 T 8 — T 9
By
IQBAL AHMAD
RollNo. 77EDM-01
Enrolment No. M-164
^^ ^ C^ompot,
'-^^^.:i?r^
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATiON
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
ALIGARH
^ ^ ^
AZAT ^'«^/?: •47f^
Hf •^sx"r a
DS256
AOK H O P J U E D O B M E H S ?
fhe prseGnt study was planned and executed
under the guidance ot Ur, U. R. Verma, Header#
}}e|0rtmeiirt; of Educationt Aligaxti {lusllm Qniveraity,
AXigarh* The investigator eatresses his deep
l a t i t u d e to hiQ,
Ue also expresses sincere thanks to the
Prlnoipale and teachers of j:3unioi|)al Oirls* Inter
Oollegef lAieknon» Shihli national Inter Ooliege»
Azaogaxli and UmP^ Inter oolleget Uubarakpur for
gheir imstinted cooperation in o(^liiection of data
for the study*
I t would be unjust on toy part not to G|>preeiate
the help and oo qperation extended by the members of the
l ibrary staff, Prof,(l2re.) 0 . Ansarl, Head, Department
of Education and respected members of staff, the
Librarian and friends*
C 0 If f E K S
0HAP2BB-I
gage
Xntroduotloa «•• i
StateiQent of the probleo ••• 6 Purpose of the etudjr ••• 6 Hypothesia of the study ••• 7 Definition of textile .«• 9 VoeatiooaX interest ••• 9 Oocupational ohoice ••• 10 Parents* embition ••• 10 Dominant interest Pattern ••• 10 SduoaticnaX signifioance ••• 11 30(^0 of the study ••• 13 OHAHBR-II Related studies ••• 15
OHAPTgt>III Hethoa of the study ••• 23 Sample of the study ••• 24 ^o<SLs used in this study ••• 30 Sooring ••• 33 Qusstionnaire ••• 33 !3etihtd of analysis of the data ••• 34 OHAPgER>IY Presentation analysis and interpretation ••• 39 of the data. A^De*limitation of iroeational interests ••• 39 B-* Moot-liked* and * leas t liked* areas ••• 41 O-OOQinant intsxiest of h o ^ and g i r l s «•• 45 B-Qos&parision of dcsainant intorest on • • • 4 9
the basis of school olass* &-Oompari6lQn of dcsainant interest on the ••• 55
basis of parents oeoup^ion* f-Comparision of dotainanb interest on the ••• 62
baois of parents* education* G«Compari8ion of dominont interest on the ••• 71
basis of parents* income* H-AgreeiQcnt in d<%iinant interests of the ••• 79
pupils and their vocational choices* I-Agreeoent in pupils vocational ohoico ••• 97
and thBir parents* ambition*
0 0 H T B M t
ISfiS..
0HAP21B-V
Zvmmry ot results and disouesion Discueslon of results liiciitHtiisi of the study Areas of further research Suggestions BibXiogro hjr
AppGXi&ix
« « • 94 100 104 106 .^Q^
111
. !A,B
fli© ocid tost of any <jduc0ticiio3. oyoten in o
aovelopi«g country such as in X» liG i s i t s capability
to prwliic© oi«sb ii^ividtacic ^ o caw tiot oidty cjtroi^
in taiful a«a bofiy teut ore lilso equally Btrans its
iroc©ti«ml a M i i ^ . In fcct» tho ob;|^tive <*f vocati&nol
efficiency li®©f time and esGin» bocm roitsmtc^ ^
various Eelucotioficil CcKsrlssiSi®* l^o Kotiiori E^caticis
CtsiBsiasioii hacj 0lven a p3ia«%> «? preot%o to -^IG Gio
of vo^tiaac^ ©fficicsRcy mon^ other fivo iii^ortont
QiES of Soconaary Edycati€»i# thio oio hoo not
eocapol tho attontioit of owr nstiwiol l€!a<ierot ond
policy cKjIionj too «ho hovo bo@R voicir^ th© aocd of
fie^olopii^ protMctivo c^ill in tho studcsnte so that they
fflsy not hcailior ofter GovonK^nt ^oho ^ e n thoy
tonaiimto thQir cc^ation iiii4 join tho tK)7ld c^ t orli hut
say d^ago l^ecsolves i s eolf oir^floyiasiit. the prohleo
of im^c^loynoat tAich has aooa^fl aiosrsing ©c nitwd©
ccmnot h© eolvM tmioeo th© prosrcBsr© of ifocotlijal
oriGHtaticai ie ceriously tokmi in omicr clGseos of
Soc ndary Education, i^ploratioii of pupils*
vocati mX intoreots caid dmrotoilii^ '^rious courso^
of ctt^y to thoia Bhould receive proper 'U^oatmait
duriag the period of eeoosdlary eAuoatiosi* this aapeot
of MOleaoonts* oduoation hm bean serioasljr neglootod
bitbei^-to-toefox^ tout i t should not be negleeted any Ion^r«
Ihe aim of re^oonstnxoti m of soeietj throui^ baliding
a stroxig teehnoiogioal aaii io&uetrial baee eannot be
roalieeS wit!»nit iatroiaoiiig in sobo4e tbo prograoise of
of Motive irooaticsiaX guidaaoe of i iiiott i&ootifioatioii asa
devaXl»pctont of vooational interests of i^o etudBBts i s
aa in te^a i o<xapoii^t. I t i?ould b@ ao oxaggoratioa to
say that vooatiofuO. plaaniag of wi:iiQh idontifiootic^ of
vooational iatoroate is the bogiaiag stop is tlio apojc of
aoy true eduoatioa of aa individual* la bis adult l i fe tbe
ii^ividual spends a &€4m part of him waking tlae either
in doing i oxic or thinking about it* It is his vooaticn
thQt detenaines the t |^e of: l i fe he would leadf the eooial
oirole in i hioh he %;ould m&m$ the kind of friends ho vTOuld
have and the values asd ide&ls he isould inouleate* Sueh
is the Istportanss of a stands vocation for hie life*
Bven at eohool during adolesoeoee period the
pupil begins to think aad worry about his fut»ire
tm^im
vocGtiofi liminijtmmt has clearly delifieoteil aood
of voeotion cm one of the dsvolorpiD^ntal to©!® 4uriis3
tho pori<»t of aiol@sc@DC6*
It is rightlsr ollc^od that ia tho preset
oystoro of Socendsry E4iaaiti<m the eb&ld is m/or
h%as6mm^ vlth ym'bsl iGesmis^ at ^@ cost of
i^mipulativo akilio* His iDlnd ie inflated at tbo cost
of Mc h43eds» fhic Itinil of Xop&idedneDo of our
tdyc^timi has crodoi pmpXo^n foitli in ito c^fcotivenosc
GO an instrtffii^it of liolpiiis ^ e cMl^ to ontcr into
any proactive occupeti«m that cdtght bo coacacwmto
with his vooati<%fial interests mud oapabilitios. Such
a cystOEi does fmm harra ^oa goofl to i t s reco|>iast»
I t not «mly dooa nol^iiag to develop hio voeotionc^
of f ieicwy tout also iE^airo hio QtmmvH aO^uotcoit
in life by ©eltims hia a paraaito^ ^& euatain© hirjsalf
oa ^sm e^loitatioa of others*
Halfheai-todt attoc^ta have }mm m&Ae In -^o pact
to mu^vQ thi© baaio defect £rmi ^® eii«setio»Gl
ayetes by iiitroiajcii^ aivoroif iefi coasne i wmS. QUIMXKS
childr@a to choose such coiii^es as t^ht^ be in
hoopiisc with their attitu4eSi abilities aa<i interoote •
fhoae efforte» ho«mrcrt <io not aoaa to have ouccc^cd
lMriC{«»
ixwim sC tho f««st ttmt tho iutoroot pcittomm fl^
piipJLls» liow they 4wol^ OB4 dm-neOf wcro iiot
syetc^satiijolly otuQicd* rior tf©re tbo various dct©r»
©incuts of ifoeationai intor ©ts mlmt$M&txti'^
G^Iore4« Cfe>os^ eourscs ois -^o hmie ^ t r ioi
^ml ©rror tfitlMwit roloting ttmi to <m®»6 gaauino
intoreoto often 20fi«lfi to ^rtm^ oheice© m^ Goneoqumt
f ailur©# Interests ore the eor© of ©otiimtion* If
0 etud^t seloots ooursoD of stMf ^Qt ero not in
aecord t^ith Ms gGsuixm intoreet© l ozi to t?otiX lack
accessary eotivoti n to purcuo ^ K ^ imd troiiW i:»ot
f mstrstiOQ and f ail.yro«
VoeotlonGl inttmsBtti oro ^ e to^rocls of e ison s
progress in his clioeari coroorf fisie choice iloos not
feeppcm suddenly ot soe© mm point of tiiaj tout, |£ /*
ctitiiEiMoas prooGBS etartii^ fron Q«ltG oorly in lifo
ciiid tersiiiiiti»0 at the stogo of mkttf iato tho
oocup3ti(m» iktrarcmooo ^ tho individual of hie
vocoti^oQl interests io ^Q otartii^ point of ttoe
process of vocatioiffii olioioc. Uciie t i t i s ncecstjoiy
thst vooQtiaial interests of stud^ts me tJjoroiighly
invo0tlgatod ®nd o. stro^ stnictiir© of tlioir oduooticm
« ^ w
bo t»2llt on thcjQ*
In our coimtry a ceonty ottcmtion hcto tlaio for
been givaa to title cc.^cct «il& tba rooult tlict
fiothins Q^^ ^^ Imot n about tlio goacQiOt <Sl0VcX( nt»
stability 01^ co-rolGto£j of vocationoi IntorcstG o^
odolc£5Ccnto« litoo rcocopohos done in U«S»A« or
Britain'^ in tniis vltol ere© ecn by no mccm©
eliminotQ the nocd o£ rcoeorcb in thlB ooimti^*
Intorostc do not dovoiop in imccusoi thoy oro tlio
produot of vc rious eociol ond etilturi^ infXumeco
that contiminIXy iiqpins ^^ ^'^ ehlM* A ehlM mm
d0volc^ interests in mly euch vocations end
cotlvitic@ to t hieii ho io os^osod by bio oiXcu* Hio
intcrQcti<m t^itb bio omriromBOit ond tho o^cri^^eooi
lio» thuCf un£iorc;oQ9 fora tho row*OQtcriol tor
dovcldpsent of hio vocotionol intorcoto.
Tt&iBt i t boeoEoo obviouG tbcit oyotemti^t
{3cianti£io oM cKtenoivo roaoordi in tbo orca oi
vocational Intoreoto io oieli aocdcd ia tbi© country*
Keeping thio foct in mindt ^le invootigotor
interested himBolt in t^iio orcG m'& eelcetcd tbo
follo^;ina problaso for iJurootigGtioni
» A e^Jdy ef vocatimml Intorootc of ctudcuto o£
Qt ©oconiSary cl©ccoo in rslatiaa to ^ujir occupaticnol
ohoieo&i porontS'*? €ebition« Bdt and ooelo*cconoQie
pyrpogp of tile study
1 ® cbovo problaa weo ©olectc^ «ith c vim? to
invoetigato the dominant voootionol interests of tho
otudcnto of secondciy eXooaeo. fho oio xsm to find
out xMxih of tSiG oTGos of hUDon ^ido0voi£r ore
preferod lay cn^ority i^^tliG student© ond ^ i o h arc
lilxcd ioost by th<^« Xn oddition« i t vtm ootic^t to
study OS to vha% mttast voeotionol intorooto wore
otoblo over year© of growf of Infiion children* I t ic
oviderajcd f rosa researches in the t?cot thdt
vocQtionol intor«oto do not chaniso eubotontially
after tho ege of about t8» By thio ifsvootisationt
i t uac intended to findout ho:? for vocaticmal intorcots
of Indies children eui^ort th<^o findli^o* Let
cmother purpose of this etudy woe to Imow whether
there i s any coi jruemj© between vocatianeZ intoroots
of pupils on ^EJ one bond end ttieir voectionQl
ehoices end porenta*, cEibiti<»is on the other#
IMe otii4y *ms oUso <lir«sctetf to inwrstisijte inscAiiss 4»
pppils* voeotlimol etioieo* I t i@ &tf^^m\^a% one
03f ^ o dicoaoionc of roalicai <s<Msi8to of accord
or itJCG^Bt Isetwoori vQeatloft^ iatoresto ond
voc0ti<»iiil ©hoic0O ai^. to cot:© rfe<»it paroato'
asii&ition* t&©t3ly» '^lio iiiveati^ati^m oiircd st finding
out if ptipiie are dofferoi^ieMo in tftoir i«tcrec5t
patterns mi tlie ba@i@ of ee^ and Goeio«»aeoiifmie
status* r ©dl0&s to my tliet a study of co*rcioto&
of voontionol iMt&tGatQ cEmg ^ y.cli s^s osid oooio*
oooiioiBic BtQtuG aro p^si^aad to b® isoot significantly
influcAcial t ouid go a ImtQ vay in conceptuiilising
til© ics>li©©ti<»is of vocatioaal intorosts for
vocatiim^ guidionco pi< rimmo Ja ©ocosidary eclioois*
\*1iat toatativo rc^ulto ore ejected from th©
iwreatlgaticai? fo caasuer thio question ^ Q
iDVoetigQtor Imd to wsko sm intio^to study of eU
m^dloblQ iitorattiro in vocatiOBol ^uitenco ood
^^^miiie &ad anaiyoo imrioue reports aol roooart^ee in
th^s area. In ^ o Itight of aXX this is well cs
ciirefiil oteorvationsi ^^~follcR:fii^ pr^o^ticmo vcr©
fomOKtcd. Ibcy aro however nothiiC noro then ^
imrestl^atof^^' con ectiiOf QS and aitoijCld bo eecoptid
*•©•
S0 e a ^ t i l l thoy are fmatd t<miit»lo or othcrtfie©
by tfto f ioflii^s iepcrically arrived ot in tMs
etiMly*
1. Vocitioi^ interests of tto© pwpils cro Jto
^si^f t^ ©prcoa over voriotis occiipiticaiiil orooB*
2« Tlimro i e no £m rttoS tiirforeneo in doolnmt
interests of piipiis Qt tlio tuo OOKOS*
5» "m&m iB fm substantial fiiXfcrenoo in voG^tionnS.
Interests of la^ila on th© baoie of 4ifforoace in
©Isss dsirirjs lete e^oloaooi^o*
4, llie oociipati^ of parents 4oos not effect
^omiamt iroooti«85Ql int©r©©to pattern of oocmidary
^shooi 0tu4@i^«
5» Vocetiuniil interosts of pupiio are not
ix^limimM. by o4«cotion of tlio peronts.
6» ISiero io no rolotioniAlp befeioon incoao <^
l3®ronta <mil vooatiomil inta?est© of tboir tJowSto*
?• ISio wowpntional olioiocs of pupils do not have
ea^ roletiOniiilp f?i^ thoir imo®tionol intorosto.
8» Vocfttionsl choices of pupils ond thoir parents*
©Gbitlons aro mt In esro^aont witfe oao-sm*o^or»
«»9»
l ^ f i y i lM im. of.. t<?it3S.t
Xti t h i s etud^ Btmi amm^tB Qu^h as voeotionc^
i a t o r ^ t e » oecuimticmol ciioicoot porcmta is l t i t icms
mud. <l<»iinr!i& interest pattoft i etc* imvQ jfroQi^atly
6ccyie«l* I n irlow of t i o wno/t iamto oituatlow that
there IB no iwliorsBlty i n the «se oi tersioolotsy i n the
l l to rBture of vocatioiial guidance i t soeos is je ra t i vc
to cleerly iSofiae as to vtmt i^anings of these teuss
have t>Qea i»oept©d lo r tfeiG ptirpos© o l the stufiy* I t
i s nQcomoxy to ao so to meld confusion m& S^BIXMOT^
stantling i n ^ a t i s ccasaamiCBteil t© tho r o a ^ r o .
1» Vocational intores^i
13i€ tens vocational interest i s token to eoon ®n
inOividyal 's lifeos on<i dis l ikes fo r various oc t i v i t i os
r e l a t i i ^ to ^i f feresttareas of human cmdecvour • fh®y
also iJi^ly prof erei«5c» of the l iKl ividual ©IKI arc Q
part of tansan ssotlvotion tt iot QXVB d ireot ion to Mo
effort©* Voeetlonal intcarests ore thus D«mtal fiisposi*
tion© or tendencies thot incl ine or a t t rcc t a mm
tctfords cofUoin ae t i v i t ios eni aateo lite %fioro others*
St ro i^ coll© interests as f o e l i i ^ of ot^fcrcotiim end
l e e l i i ^ s of Qvorsion* Itoterests have becan d e a r l y
< l i f fer^t t iated frcsa att i tudes i n psychological l i t e ra tu re*
I t tsaf b® owt of placo to dlecues tbe difference
bctwtei tiio t^o In this stu%#
a« occtt;>ot|>otial Clioiees
Ocoia atxonol choi<:@ ti^a been Sefinc^ in tMs
etudy as a continuoyo process foilot^ifi^ Oinzk(^»
Supert Ann© Roe and^ritla^v V^oti rial choice
at adoXoacoBt ctese i s a part of vorious 0tcjges of
occupational cl oic© mi& is consi4ore4 tcntetivo iu
iiattire» For this inveotigation a pwpils' occupotlo«ol
ch-ico iseaus hi© ©election of specific ocmi.(ation in
which he l ih ts to cstor imd not liccesrarily
destined to ontor.
I* Pereiitg* casMticaif
fhe tern parents' atsMtion cignifies parents*
wish obest thoir tsjnJo* future occupation. I t
demotes ^ e i r pref erei^sea of the ©ccupatioa in tihich
thoy wQuid lik© their uard to ©ntor*
km , I3eaainarit interost patterns
I t i s tfollknosn that in chilcShood tho interests
arc quit© dif ftasod and ^pi^trd over. large nuaher of
©roii^l hut «ith tho deveXopBont of the child 1*to process
of pn^resBive delioitction begins culainatino into
mi'\%m
e very narrow raHSO of activit ies i» oiio or tm
Bpmitle orea© in whicls inter*, sto bc^in to
eoncentrato* Doaineiit intoi^ot pettciti© tMive» iis
this etydyt b©ca roccsc^scfi e© thos© COPOGC in i©
aotivitio© of which a pujil hoo his interests
fsoneeiitrotcKl* I t i s possible that th© iatorooto &^
©i^ill over othor oreae too but their dojjroc will
he far loos tbxm thoac in the dooiaant careat
.E<£iieatiQnal. Sieiiifioai^j^ s
The present sttiiy i s sigoif icant in ^ e eonoc
that i t i s ^peetesd to oraato $M the toachors an
awarcnese for the need of G3£plorii?s pupile*
itjtoreata in varioua areaa of tmrna. octivity.lf
Icamir^ Ims to be issd© cioanif^fiil to tho childt
i t has to be tjoven romifl his intorosts* taachoro
hav© a reopoKsibili^ to facil i tate th© procoos of
leariiii^ by ^ e ohild* ! or this p^^^ose idantifiea-
tlon of py|)ilo«v©eati(mal iatorosto i s of utcost
isportaiKje.
For pypila «iocsalvea a tmoi lcHlgo of their real
iaterests i s caich helpful. Since tli© subject© of
attifly that they choose have a diroot boaiih0 on
occuMatioae* i t i s aecessary thatetudcsit© select 'Wsose
-12»
ewuraoc of study oo t»til<2 lo©d to the wcupatioa
in which they aro intcocains to ontor, trons
choioc o£ subjects Day obotreet thoir BUctOBQ in
the chooen field of v/orls. fh© pypilo trill eo©o
to imow about those occu>0tionQ3. mom in which
their genuino intoroote lio« It wel hc^p then
in further BtrrnQthmtSjOQ thoso intoroote ond thtiB
inaltins realistic planning for thoir futuro
vocations*
Vocati nal orientation of the pupilo being
an important part of Secondary Education ie lilioly
to receive iapetue by tho results of this s^idy*
The teachers and guidance workero would benif it
by tho results in order to give a sound footing
to thoir respective progrocnco of toachins and
(juidonce* Teaching would thus bocooo inoro
realiotiCf meaningful and intereotino to the educand*
It t as tfith these beoif its in Ifcind that the
investigator under tooli tho present study.
^popm Of the etufly i
Being a part of the retiuireiaents of si.A. dogree the
apaa aaa lioqp@ of the project oould not be ao enooQpae8i%
aud fslde as io i^eded for as iiitaisei'ro iaveatigation
co^eriig a l l major aepeota of the prohleia of vooational
interests* In view of the pauoit^ of time and rUsourees
the e t t i^ had to be deliiaited both ia respeot of Sample»
area of the study as well as Variables*
Hegarding the Sample the study oovere the adoloseeaoe
period during whidt vooational interests begin to orystalise*
Sxdnsloa of earlier period ttm this project was governed
by tie GOnsideration that the diffused and f l o a t y
aatttre of interests durin^i that p e r i ^ as i t itokes
futile to prediot a^y thing on their basis*
MotTsver students of both so^es i ere inoluded in order
to study sex differenoo in choice of occupations and in
v@ostio3ial interests*
Since parents* ambition income and oooupation
he|»pen to be irapcrtant ejctraneous factors that
influence their wards* future vooatio:®! career,
i t was thought necessary to study their impact at
m-%i4m
dlJtferciit level© of inipilo* ^m ^imisiQ i^olc-
ecencG* Ko ©ther fcctor WGS 4jwcat4sGt€4» For
ts©!si>l0trur8l«wbGii lcet»ffiy was i^aoredi thoissh
i t i s mmm&i that voeatiojial interest pottojras of
pupils ore also eff«j©todl by this fector.
ThQ 8tiMy woe ©ISO restrictCHS to 3 tain
ooct;^atioiis of p®r©nta imnoly, asricultt;at>f
touslnoQs QiKl 0«arvie0» Further categorioo of thes©
oecu .QtioBS tjcro alco not I M ^ in or^r to avoiti
coii^liooticms in cmolyeis of restiite* I t ia e^oittod
that such a gross cote^oriaatioii and Isunchllig o%ht
havo roGidtet in loss of owch wlueblo iaf onaatiou
ttict oould too fro© tho data.
the eopca of this imrostlgetiou tmts ijlso ccmfinsd
to tuo cities naissljf Azci^arh eafid yjoknow &&& on©
tosa mffi ly r l>oitflg>i>r« For pjrctcticQl reasons tho
arm ocnild not ho enlcu^ol so @s to ri^resent ovoa
eay ono specific E<mo of y,P» or hoth rursl eius urhi^
population of tmy on© district edsquatoly*
fhooo ^elleitotioas are, hammer^ ia lino with
ttio pyipooes of the ot«% «hieh are l imi t s in vtew of
th@ pm^ity c^ ti!^o and resmm^n ot tho disposal of
tho investigate^*. Ttim th^ ^ not circumjcribo tho
volu© of the invostiifat^pgi*
m^^mif
C B A P T E R ««> II
Iwwe been devotM to aSolQaoeut toterest in eehool
0ubi|©cto# 4fi voeatioa or in SOKJ otiier oojiects of
liiQm fho pTBBmt imrod^&tim Is oice^ at
studying vocational internets of secondary school
attidcnta* Tim vocationcl intorcato ca*© to tm cnolyecKl
on thQ feasis oi ©eit ana SI^ in order to ©ti^y tho
infiuonco of those t^iriablee on doveicpoont of intOrests.
Additionally relationship hettiecai ptipila» ocaspcitionol
choices <m the tma hond and their i«»Gtioncjl intorosto
enil parento* asiijiti<m on tho other t^lll olso b®
inveoti^atcd* H sncof only cuch ottaliee oro t e t e i up
for rmim as have a <Uroct bearing on thQ pr^nmt
A brief discussion of t&c relovimt rcsesrchor
i s presaatoil in the followino: t-^m*
1) A ©tuiy cffido by Str«ms and another r*ado by
i# £riro?^t'M:''ac'vocational in^bjreais' bl' ncaa ann t<83@n« Call#lmiaf Stc»«lfoi^ Ito varsity Praoo 19^3*
i46*
Roclier and Solcoffioia shtyat^ ^^mt tlio Moloscont
boy© y c ^ caiiialy interooted ia oecupations lilio
moGhsmlee^ &a& otiielctieQ* Fofi^liis iiaG oleo e<?i>roii
interest asseng feoy© vhile stonqjrcpljyt toachiic*
girls* strm^ also ocmeJuacKl l^ct adi^oeceiit i: yo
iiltedi thooo cetivltloa which required physicol
sIciXiy Si^h ©a plsyii^ boeo ballt drAirii52 cutOEoMlUt
himtins ami eliabii^*
eeeondary sehooi boyo and c<»nclud©d that Gdolocceatu
mm^ highly intorostcd in trcvelSt ^ort©i SKsvioe
end the radio* fliey t,^ro ols© intoreotod in potB»
eolleetionoy reading ciKl scliool thotig ii to a leaser
d^re©t Qn«i »^!^ cc®9 interests in pointirot writi i^.
f, Rocliert E« and Col0arflcld» A Study of Cect4>a*» tloftol Intcroct of ni ' li Scshooi studcmts in terse ©f grade |>lQceisont» Jmimal of cducotiOFJoi • Psyohoio^yt VoI*34, Bc^t. 19^3, P#3^»
2» Rottoey* J.U.H^^ Intorcsto of Publie Secondary* sehool Boys» Joiimalo of Edi^otiomi Psychology 2®, 561-59^* 193? R^forcd fey Col. !*•» Psychology of itdoloeetncOi flow Yorft t KiRobort a^d Cocsjcnyf 1 ^ 1 .
-17«
mtsiet 0O6iQ3. relations ami e&«>curricular aotiviticc*
Very Sm adoloectmte m)Wo found to bo ijitoroGto^ in
ro2l0ioi3® sctivitios* M^xig eJUrXo smme imm fom^
to b© less interestii^s thou hos© end cocij^
eet ivi t ies .
3) SmmsrieinQ Hio rmultD of soro ©tuSloa
i nosfessi' tnriteo that a^olosc^t bopi are more
ifitoitjotcd ifi Qotivo cas<i vigorous play* cuocular
a e t i v i t i ^ ©M ©cK:p3titiv© sosooi trfftilo ciaolocGoiit
^ i r lc ©TO intorootcS in less aotivo play eM In
acti-^ities 'doeamlii^ XOBUGT di^roe of ©ticeulcr worfe.
4) 'F le^c l IMS tried to MemiSy th© specifio
iiitorcsts of tho QcioleocGnts. Hio conclusions csro
that boy© ere intor-stcd in^oljost ©ovie© oM diisou «
ssion of aport&t IMSXQ g i r l s uro intoratcd in eociol
Qotivities 8uc|i m attending p a r t i s &^ cutting
^ciim and al&o in roadino boolm* fho oost cosncm
topico of discussion ooong adoloseente aro of spoeiGl
natui^f such &B obout froloniitiQOt parti^St o l o ^ ote«
. .Anostasif mm^ l^fot t i t ia l Psycbolt^yt Kew !fo*%, 1 M^Edlltm Coi^ony 195B» PP»478#
'. rieecCi ll#fl.| Self Ke^dati a of tOi© Molosemt 2 Eo;5» Rillvctfttco s BsucQ PuM.icMng cosi onyf
1^5» Pt234 .
t
out-door aetivitioo in tertas of ^ e * Aecordi^s to lii®
12 y«er oM l«>y i s teterostoil ia owsli ©ctivitlcs as
8t£^0 of oid€lo aoolesceno© l i ^ f iwowit© aetivitios
tioeosio isore social ai^ h^ likas to participato in
highly ongsnizod grou^ gOE©0» M the i © incroaeos
this intoroot iB gomes becoEo loos end gro^s to \m
poeeiv© rather than aotivo* Giri© ot the ^ e of 15
irooro &rQ Qoot interstJtod in oi l othlotio aotivitios
hut a t 21 thoir intoroet in physical eotivitics
decliiso*
6) Carrifi«m^ hoc fmiod that the ©vorac® ^%h
sohool student 8ho»@ marked interest in boeo*holl«
ha^ot'ballthyiitihs and other goDos end that teas
gaa^s ore very populsr io this age.
7) Hollisoa^ comiyctod a stwdy cm o«aior school
cbililr^i i»e# odolosconts* Ho divided tho iatorosts
V»tcl»' t^''>cycbology" oi'''eybleeceiKse^ Bihohart e»d Co.f Inc., 19^^, P«i^88«4^*
2•Garrison, K*C« P©ychol<^y of adolescosc@# Prentico-Hal3f Ii3c*t langlewood Cliffs, K»J.U,S»A, 1956, P.145-148*
3#Ralll©Q», R«, tho interest of senior school children in iion«»Ecientif ic 8ub;}c«ts# British Jouniol of Edycotion Foy* Vol#XlIl, Port 1, Feh.19^3t P.39.
-19-
under iavm&tig&tioa iR%o two broaa oategorloe
1) Intereate in specific sub^eota*
2) Interest in aon-speoifio sub^eoto*
His Qmkple ^ae ooopoaed of both bojra and girls* Xa
tha total saisplo atuSiaS hy him intarasta is piijreioal
trainingi orieket and sivliaming rardtsd h i^* hmosg boya
takan aoparataly baoabally ruimiiig and football and amoag
gir ls y ^vmpialit dodgcbaXlf hootejr ana net ball were found
mmt popular*
8) HurlOQk al io sup porta the vlmi that interest
in etremtoua aeitivit&es reahhae i t s peak daring earlir
adoleaoenoo then i t beo(%ioo leas and less* She got
h i^ea t soores in emimming at earljr adalesoenoe for both
boye and gi r l8 | ne3£| ooeie baaeball and football wher^ts
tennis taoto theloisreat* At the tiiae of later adoleaeenoe
the boys and girla were more inoMned to be speotatora
r a t h ^ than partloipants in gases*
2 9) Anataai sho s in her bodk that boye were
gen^ralljT engaged in aetivo Tigoroue gasiea, in t • Uukaookf B vib« Bevel opoental Fayoheiosf • iem Yosk,
aagraw Hill 3odk Oo*, Ino., 1959f Page 302, 351-352. a* inataai, AnnOf Defferntiel psyohology^*
Inditidual and Sroup defferenoes in Behaviour* fhe Uamillan Ooiapany, 19^8.
•ao-
activit ies involvir^ cucculor dojtterlty cmd
skii:it and in Mcbly oxTEcnigcd cmd caaiJotitivo cco^s* 4
10) ralo end Jesiisim, quoting th© findiRso
of th© Calif otnic gro-v th otaady ooy that 59? Ijoyo ond
31f» g i r l s porticl:4itod in cotio ettM«tic activity *
ttien boyo tJtre toc^cthor* tfeoy talijcd abowt ejKsrto.
t1) Stcphcnoo^ report© that cA^^o Iturins
puberty ere not «ily intorootcd in pliyoieal cctivitioB
but thoy also toho intorost in converoatiim obout
oport. Bit during later adolescence thoy oro lEootly
interpreted in tbo convcrcation about cporto*
12) Caroicheol* has reported the study of
Hildrol* mi the play interests i^ 89 boye on^ Bk
gir le in ^ c 9th grcdOf and 52 boy© ca»d 51 0irlD in the
12th grade enrolled i s OIIQ public and one private
cchool checfe l iota »oro ^ivon out and the sub^^ta
1» Mlmt Vi*§ and Ja^-isont 0. G» A^oloeecnee* Urn r&ett Ilqjnsw Hill Eoolt Coo jcny lnc»f 1952«
2* steiJhenoGf J . «• Fducatlonal Paycholomrt Kow Yorlit Honery Holt and Coispenyt 1^1, PP 572-^79» CaziDichaeli t»f naiasal ot childroa l^syeholo^y Urn Yorfe* John VJelloy and sona^ 1954 '•
4» l^llldret^f C«» Molcccent Interest aid Abili loo« Gensl, Psy,» 43| 65-93« 1935«
- 2 t -
wero ©i Gd to ocnfcicn tiaeeo cesso whicti tiicy liUc4
bosti FootbeXl t?os ehotoou olEOot cscciuoively by
boyo* Sasoboll tms coot popular tfitb bi>y6» but i t
wcnj rankod low ^ glrlst *Karo tsa© I l t t l o «!ilXfercRco
in the proferonce© for bos&ot bciXl»
13) HamffiSiKl Eade a oty<iy of edolsoecnt interest
and coRcludod that odolesccait gir ls t?er© leoo
intorestod than boyo In otheletic cctivitioo in
gen©rol»
14) Pourtor"^ fouid in o otudy that djout 66CJ
oi G cw>^ of boyo contcct(^ after oix isonthc of hich
ecbOwX (jrcduotion wer© following vocaticnol plcn
they bod stotod shortly boforo grti(Suatlon» These
reculto iiwiicoto oubstmtiol otabilAty over a chort
tltoe ^peno. In yot cnothor ctudy Rothi y^ found
conslotcacy bcttjcrcn plan ond ©ubsoqucnt cctivity 1»
about 53S'' ef boyo over Q coaparoblo lonstti of tlco* Tht
Qcsm author inveotlcetod otobility of vocational
choicoo in 10th, 11th and 12th crados end found that
neorly ono third of then charged their choices
atloaat once during the throe year period*
1« t . JersiM, The Poycholo^y of /'golocecnce. Second Edition, The Kcciril^an Cos .any ColloorKlacEiillaa U©itcd, Londoa PP»336-337»
2. Ibid, P, 36Q,
*22 -
(19 59)0 KQ aer arid FOPD (1951) doo o«SGcot thot
th©ro iG Q considcrabl© cc»ant of ^h eha^o ilurAfis
the early post^higti-school ycere.
•25*
In a scientific investicoti^ te« 0£2th<w3 aM
tecfeniques eopi^^ed /^lay a coet vitel ft>le for
arriviag at voliil coacliieicmo. I t io» ^eroforo^
very aocessfif^ that U0o of opi rupriotcj Eotho^ m^
t^lmlqucs is isad© io roseoncfe* wimt cQth««S lo
©uitQbl® for a civai ^bwsstifiotion depoMo en tho
purp<^e of thQ otudy casfi the tiaturo of ^ta t©
the edll<3{$t laid cmoX rsed*
ffee present otialy:!© a i e ^ ©t eolleetii^ caf«l
eospisring iaf oroatlote z qgordiiig estctii^ otatus of
pi^ils in the orea of vocational iutsreatc m&
^ot^naiiiii^e roletionship© oD ns vocatitmcl iotcrost©
and SOS© ©eloetoa i«d o|)end^t msriobios. fhoroforot
i t tiQtumlly fallQ im<S©r "Survey r:othod«. fliio
c©th®d Implies to tlio tj pe of Ijovootl^otions whch
fi©al trll^ currest state of ©ffairot CKietii^
phmummm or tmlidB^ ts^imitmMf ottittiileai o)»ilitico
snd aehleveir.ants presently possoss®^* I t cs^oo ti©<3
of ttio techBiqyca of etatieticol <S0Coriptio»t
•»24<»
c rrelatlon and conporlsion etc* fin onalysia of
th0 dota and drawing of siecoseory 0onorallzat4o|io#
Xn designing tho otudy oelGction of ouitoble
scffipl© 10 lilso of equol ic^ortene© bcoaueu tinrepro^
eentatlvof M c s o d or inodeqwato 8c«i>l© Introdueoe
BQWTQX typoD of orror© in rosult© ond lead© to
faulty conoluaXons*
fioispii^Q of the Study I
SoXcetlon of t h e ocaqplo for tho study is
based on *Cluoter SaD.;lin3« eethod. Aocordiiis to
this Qtothod a nuEbor of \:^lo clcscos or groups
ore inoluded in the otudy* For practical roacons
and convonienco the invaatlcator conducted the otudy
on all members of elasa 10th« and 12t^ eolcetod
froQ throe IrtorEodloto College© located in Ctotem
U*P» The description of the sacple is proiridcd in
tho follotjing tables t
Bigtribtttion of the oasyle by Inatitutioii and Sex
S*H6« Mem0 of MQm IflBtitutioa Olaag gotal
Boys Qrlle
1. I!ttiile%a Girls Inter XII MIL 62 62 GoHogOt I.uoteitow(U#P«)
2. Shibli Rational latev XU 30 MIL 0<aieg©, Afsaagiarlidr^.) % 77 MIL 127
3* Jl.iMntor 0<aiofi® XII t t t III. I l l
fotal 238 62 500
••26*
Iltffib^
Beys
f o t ^
Oferls
i^ricu3.ti:iro 145 n$
Sonriee 56 45 99
aMnwwHMmMMMMM
Buoino@s 57 15 52
Totcsi ass 6a 30)
PWWWWiWllBWW Wi jWI|i*MiWI(i>ll||l*lBiii|r|iliMWBIjlHW> mmmmmmmummmm
•27-'
Pistfcitiution of the osas^lo by paronto* JUCCSSG
F6r<ait8» tiustbor Totoi
1 • 200 130 3 135
II' miiiiniwiin>«
201-<JOO 4$ 30 75
601-600 47 17 64
601«S00 6 8 14
801«10(» 10 2 12
T o t a 238 62 3C^
»^m
Distriteitlon of the ssrigle hv parcnto* odycotioa
Pf ! f ..,.AW^ ^^^
p0ot«Gy^uate 10 1 11
MiKWMpNHVdWWMMHMtM
GroduQt© 12 9 21
High sehooil
diate ID iiO ^
^ l o t r High School 41 3 iS
mG^imnteili i(B 2 111
Professioaal OS 5 15
— — — • I Ill t i i i i l r i « w * i — M l mil III III III ii^iiiiiiiiiiiii I iiiiiiiiii III I ii«i«iiii»i>w>««>iiii««i»iiwwwiii»»«wtiiii iiii|ii>i>Mi»ninnTiipmiiiiiimiiw»iniiiri-iiii«ii
DistrilRitias of th© 8®]^io m Wm hmi& of
eiossQSt lastittitioiiot Btm^ persiit©* ocetar Qtionof
imimo 01^ ©feeatlcm has hism ohmm i s table© S^l to
3«4« h@ aaalyeis shotus ^at the eactple oonelsts of
three hundred atsudeate out of whoa two hui rod thirty
eight (a iS*) ^ o ^oys and si arty t^o (62) glrXo* fhey «i»re
B6loo| ,£ from three Instituti cos,/girlo eohooO. and two
boys 80hoca.8 Xooated la Ittotootv, A&mgosh and Mubara^ur
in easterh UF«P« fhe sampXe represente throe aaia
oooupational grtmps naiaely Servleo» Agrioulture and Busineae*
^ost of the boyo ocase frosi a^loultoraX fam-Xies. In faotf
they are more than doubXe In nuiaber than boye beXonglng to
aervioe and buoinesa c^asees ta&;en toigether* fhis trend
la rewvsed in oaae of girXa* V ery few gixia ari found to
beXong to agrlouXturaX fanlXles* ^he reason for this
isbaXai^e la the Bmple la that agriouXturista doost
genereXly oead their daughtera in oitiea for education and
very few girXe In.er OoXIegea are Xooated in viXiagee*
She proportic»]i of boya and girXa in the saapXe reXating
to aervloe and buoic^as oXaaeea ia rou iXy representative
of popuXation of the two soxoa in sohooXa*
Uegarding distribution of oampXe by parent* inooae
it stay be aeen in tabXe ^•S th^ a sia^orlty of both
boya ai^ glsXa oome frOES faiaiXiea i»hose inoome is
Xesa thim lie* 600/- pw aonth* Out of 23B boya and
•30-
62 g i r l s mly 16 feoys aiKJ tO hlrlo tsolOT^ to
MtmUkcB tJtmoo ineoise cmcocds H&«6C /«»
Thus i t ctm bo Qtata tttot the ei^^plo cainXy
eonotitutoo of lotsoiMsiddlo cmd oiddlo incfK: orot^s*
so for CSS diotrltnitioa of otaspie by ptsrcaits* e^t»otloii
le coaciEsrRoS toblo 3»4 rovonlo that owt oi tliroo
hm^kpc^ otufioiito one inm^tKl elovtm ( t i l ) boloac to
tm«K}dt;motlid paronto but tho mie^r oi 0ir3Ls
belonsiits to tftio OGtcsorieo le only two* A sonority
ox tfto c i r lc l»o. xorey(40) boloaso to parents imvii^
hiQh e^oci and XntermoillQto Icnml ^lueaticn*
Cleorlyt boyo Cffi girlo oi-o not dSkc Srta tho
point oi iriew of tholr poroEit© oc^cotioiml lovel.
This bios in ^ o occiipie boo oecure^ boecyso of ^@
laet that «a*e hwot<Hi por©nto do not generoXly amd
tboir deucbtora to eebooXs • ^Me fctet t;oiiId
boi ovor bo ttopt in Hioi? during ooelyoio ot dato ond
intorpro^tio) of tb results*
tooie ttood in thlo ntudyt
For obtoininj^ tbc data roqwircd for this otudy
tbo imdersoiition^ tools wr© uoed W tho invoctl^ator*
1) Voca^onol Prc^oromo Record. Buit au of PcydMJlosy /llobobadt 1952^
1* Seo Appondi «A*
•.31-
i» Vocot4oaQl prc^ertirtco reeoM.
For ideatlfylsG voeoticnol iutorosto of o
AULQhobQd. iMo tool, io la Hindi lctn0U£co ond i iats
euitablo voeationoX cetivitiea f r^a soeiol KI
oeeiipationQl onvir^vconit of tlio pupils* ^caro ar©tis
oli# SO ©Ic&ty cctivitioc portolainc: to tcnCIO) ercaot
Rcmslyt outdoort ecehonl^alt oosi^tatiomili 6ei0i!tifie»
p0f6UQ@iv@t artietict Xitorory* ssioieol* ooeiaXf
and eX rienX* E^SE^S^^ of t^o aetivitioa provided iti
tho prof orcno© Recoil uadoi* ©e^ oroa oro givcai
belowi
1) At a * S Oiitdopr
1 * KoimtoiaoorlRS
2« !l'o 00 for fishiais
Area *• XI ttechcatticQi
t» To worli in tostilos
2* f o t?or& iu ooodcn f csetory
Ayoa * III cofr^utatioac^
1* fo kcK^ oa cacoimt of o^ca«Sit.uro end
2« fo tocch DD eiEQtiee in hli iior et&860@*
»32«
1* 70 otud^ G^tit tlio pXemote oM stars*
2» To lEcslto out ac» Olccovorios in tSio field o^ Molosy«
1« to liove taetsito t?it^ foreign coutrlce*
2» To woxis for a politlooX party*
Area * yi iirtisfcic
1* To boeoma a cartooniat*
2« 70 think out msa 4QSi0iio for eloth*
ifiraa * VII Literary
i» fo boc^m a 0ood noviliot*
2« 70 baoo!!:o a poet*
i^rtaiavni KUQical
i« 70 i^rita f i lo eai^o*
2* To icam oXaoQioal ouoie*
M*m • IX Social
1. 70 toaeh im*eaucatcd persojis*
2* 70 do ooeial sorvico*
1i 70 loam aliort-4iGn«a typing*
2* 70 sarui^iizo ^ o anot or boolto*
Studcmto taldUis thia iatoroat iovcmtoty arc
raquiraa to iTidic^ta from each of tlio tan tioX^
thoir pTe£mpmm& for ©aeh liotaa a c u i t y in teitaa of
-55
•Moot Xl&od* •liked* and •least lifced*. ber© is
no tioe liialt but student o usually ooaplote the
Boventory In about 20 otinutee*
Seorlng of pupils* intoroot in each area is dono by
mmmina up tiio numbers enoiroled ^ him* £bu8 aroawise
score ae vi ll as total int^sst sooros for the students
are obtained* fhQ areawise soore belps in knoeing the
area in tshloh dominant interests of a giten student l i e .
Shis tool vms administered to the saople by visiting
their sohocdA parsfaially and getting the preferonos
record tilled by eaeh oub;}eot« She responses isero then
eoored as per aothod oontioi^d above*
Questlonnairea
The (juostionnairo dovoloped by the investigator
isao aainly designed to gather inforoaticm regarding those
faotors tshieh «ore included as Indepondont variables
in the study in order to detezmine their effect on
vocational intecoets* S!hey indudo soaci age and class
of the subjcotsi eduoatiOQ, oooupi&ion and incoae
of their porentst subjects* vocational choice and their
porooption ot requielto txbility to euooocd in tlio
eaoQoii vooatlon and porentQ* onbitioa. TUQ quootionoairo
MdB Ureoed 1A QicqtXe Kn;;llob X a i ^ o ^ ocid i t oiioitod
pupils* reopocmoa iii tho t>Xan op&oo Xoft under OOQII
Queotioa. lalorcatioa aboyfi pupilo* idbntity mio aieo
gatherod tlirot;tgti thio quostionna Jro*
netbod of amlygio of tfao data t
'he type of data oollootcd for this otudy Inci tdod
oeoroo ot tho eaaple in each of the ten aroae of
vooati^ool intorest* Other Isind of InforQatlon gathered
i^oXuded vooationoX ohoioes oode hf the etudente and
their reopQftOcs in tonas oi *^m* or 'no* re^sardios;
whether they p^eoatjod aaseoQary Ql)XXXty to auoceed
in ohOBon vocation* StiXX othor ^iitd of inforaation
inoiuded nc^eo of <N>oup€tiono nhieh the parents uiebod
t he i r ^ardo to enter and education* ocouj^ation and
incoae of the poronto.
For aoaXynoa of the data oovoroX toohniquos isoro
enpxoyed. She doainant intorooto of the eub^.oto cor©
-35-
identif led cm tbo baoie o ;f t}to area In i?bich tlidy tied
th© highoQt Booro* ArotBOf tho Xeoat Intorost vcte
also idontif iod Xikot7lae» She doainaot interest
oofXres tiere then a r m z ^ d and re^arrao^d on tlio hoaie
QX eaon indepsodeot varia|t2.e and neceeoory tables
pjcep&red*
Ooas^arlsloii of tu& daainaat intereete on the basis
of sex» eXoss mid education, oooupatioa and laccrae of %hQ
loaronts ^mre mc&B by eopleying apprc^riate e ta t io t ioa l
teobniq^es ^aXoh included the foXXowing Peareoa's rank
Gst^mr eorreXatioa* fnXs technique vmB eepio/ed in finding
the extent of agreement and dieagreenent in the ordering
of various arose of vocationaX interests by the students
in aXl suoh ins tan « o i^ero they Uire divided in t^o groups
on th@ basis of any independent variabXe* The oijnifieanee
of the Qho ^ae tested by t technique using the
foXlot^ing fonaoXat
rd rrg to
1 - r^d
-yt- "^^
fhls teobnique gives satisfactory resiilts wben
mastber of pairs of observations is about 6 or more*
She 6%nifioaiice of obtained *t» vali;© i s found by
referring to tbe table of H^ ^ d e r (S-2) degrees of
£reedOBi.
(2) Coefficieat of fcorrelati6n. Yet another
s t a t i s t i c a l tecbniqueNtseti in the analysis of a part of
the data was Kendall's Ooeffioxent of concerdaQoe» W«
fhis technique mis applied in finding the agreement and
disagreement in the ranking of the ten areas of
Yooational interests on a l l such instances ijhere more
than two groups of p t^ i l s were involved in ranking .
The formula used to ccsapute W i s s
!l^
m (I) (H^ - 1)
fhe significance of W was tested ^u the use of
2 tables developed by Kendall.
« « " i II II I mil II i i i m r i l u l l I HI I II I — — — • tmmmmmmmimmmimmmmmmmm
1. S ta t i s t i c in Education and Psychology* A First Course. MEELE W TAlE, P.281.
2. Basic S ta t i s t ica l Methods. Second Edition, H.M. SOmiB, P.2t0, P.314.
3) GhU^quore %%&%» kMOi^er statiotieal teehniatt© tfeat
^as used In toeting wbetitior agre^nsat an4 dlaagireeissiil
JUi pupiX0^ vooatiosaX ohoiees aM pa>enia* aoilkltiQaaa
were Is&epei&ent of seaCf waa ehi siiuare teat* %i8
teal; ^ a aiao ei^Xeyed in fiMlng out isbattier a^aemeot
or diaagraeisont betfieaii oboloea anl tbeir interoeta was
Xo&Qpea&dUt of p amenta liJccffisef educatioa and oooupatica*
A^e^ent and disagreom^at in pupUa ohaioea aad tlielx
interaate isaa alao exeQised tiiroui^ the uaa of
Obi Square* The f omul a aead ia caae of amall l^equaa^sioa c
ia ^ells Qliioh includea ?ateB eorreotion ia ae foliowat J
^
1
iThatawr fraqtiesoiea ia tlie ^ H a of the table were
greater tbaa tea thia formalB dia mt ooataia latea
ouixeotioa aad bad ^ e following form
UigniSioenm of diiitemuGeB between poi^entages
obtained in QQiaa eomparieloiis ^as fmxO. b^ o<»;:^utit^
*2* ana teatlDti the probability etgeiust 1*96 &Q4
2*5Q '^BXVLQQ at *Q5 am *01 lev^els respoctivoly* ^be
fc^lOQiag forauXa tias empioyod for ^ i e purpose}
2»„. ^
82 • S p2
Pi 2
Mere i t i}i^ be addtd that the etat lst io used ia
thie 0ttidy i re ocn>>pa! E3@trio beoatiee the aatu&e of
the data being ordiiiEil did not tiBXTQut the uae of
laore soph ietioatod par^otrio statiatioe* ' 'ho
sigiufioanoe of al l the viiiluee ^as tested at .03 level«
^he anaX^eis of the data is presented f7ith
Qeoeaeary intexpre&atiose in the ncait oha^ter*
Q ii Ai...,y.,.B ic « l y
fb© design of tlio study WBO d^ouoscd in the
pe^vlmm ebapt@r« 7ii0 pr@o@at ehopter deals with
pr©{}0iitatia»« aimljr0iD and interprotatlon of the data*
Tlio stialyoie of ttm data t c ^ e on oovarcd iQrtm ond im@
be@ii t^mXatod In a miobor Qi tal}i.oe iThioh aro f olloimd
by neoesQiiry interpretation* ^ho tabloe and tboir
d i c o u s s i ^ are arrai^'ied in the oba.^ter in the order in
Khioh li^othesee have been fcrmaated in ohapter one*
f hit* huB been t?itii a viec? to testing the hypotheeee in
an order in taiiioh thejr oooui* in ehapter I*
A«»De«*lii3itatian of Vooatiaoia intorost^y
io be^in »itht the intereeto of the pup He \^re
nnal^eed to Judge the entent of prtgrcesinre de«*liDitQtion
in th^« fim r e ac t s of the oome are presented in the
tolloKilag tables
mi^Qm
• • • i — i i llry riiTiml
HtBibor of areas An ctoioii ia toroa to of the oaspXo l l o
Ho#, o f Ar^cio tstO acaapai 8 o ^ M ,
Ho. of areas
goye WWHIWWlliWUlWIi MMMI r dirla
"1
8 2!0 to 208 e7.4$S 5t 0 2 » ^ 259 8 6 « ^
5 f 0 7 2? f1.555 08 12.955 51 11.655
1 f o 4 t.55«- 03 4.dfS 06 2^
Sota l 2j58 62 KK)
f He analyses prG&ento4 in tlie alcove tablo oiicH^
tba t at}«6^ Of the p i ^ H e ^ o » tb@4r i n ^ r o o t in 8 t o 10 areaa .
£tii.8 l e oiear ioS^at iOB of the foot tna t during adoleeooceo
tko ioteroote of %m otu^eisto reoaia diffused over a t7ide
range of voa&tioml areaa. ia io ie true ia oaee of botti
liofa and gl^lo. 40 c^ould ho oooa ia ttie tabio 67*4$ of
boya ai^ 82.2$^ of girXa have tboir vooatioisQX iateresta
spread oiror 8 to tO voeationel areas . About t ^ pupUa
ohoueo Tooatioaal :Eadtiirlti60 frm § t o 7 areaa and
Qsly 25S oliooae thee l^oo 1 to 2 areaa.
UhGU tke probXea of dtxoliistit&tion oS irooatioiaal
ifitercats io €t3CQ£am»i on tbe baoio of O0JE» Q troM
favourisg gir lo JL© disooriotibio al t i iou^ ttio
fiifforonoo ia tho porooiita|];e@ siiiyr not bo o ta t io t ica l ly
elg^niflocuit* fho tobio tAk&m tliat tho porceittogo of
gJUI?l.Q eoiia latantiy aotmnos ^oatojr eiee tbmx t t o t of
b i ^ as thQ rantgo of vooatioioal intoroote oroao bocose
fhese resul ts con be ousuiSS u£» so foXloisot
1) Ho c^ypreoiaolo trood topar^o do-liisitatioa of
vaoatlofial incoreoto i^pears up |ro ial441e adoleooeiioo
6 t e^« Slie bjrpotiieoia f(»istulQt©d in tbo otuSyt stated
that irc»iati<»ial intoreote of tbe popilo aro ia Q^mrBl
apreaS o ror viiriouo CKsotipotioisal aroao* fbio ti^pottaefoio
i s aot rojeoto^ bjr tlie roeuits of tho otuS^*
2) Sfafi proQfiQB of ^©-.llQitstioa of v<^atioaal iatorosto
io Q07Q c^iparsat ia gilrlo tlnas boys*
BAPoat iiJteod' ana »3.©aot lifeofl* iiatorost aroae
liavis^ oxtmimd tbe degroo €£ progroosii;^©
doXinitation ia pupiis* vooatioaoX iateroots, tbo data
i s aii^jroed ia tbo toU&iiing tabloa to find cat the
»fa6ct ilteed* and •least likeS* firoos of tiieir
irooatiormi intoreste*
Pcroeot of etnaeats fasvijagt dojaisaiit iotorooto in
later@0t 1B30 0 araaa
UQi Perceata^ lags
Costputat4onaX 59
Seleiitifio 2^
Ai t i s t lo I t
L i t e r ^ y 14 4«65S 7
msioa l I t 3.60 9*5
Sooioi 90 5O.OO5S t
Clerical 69 23,00$S 2
A*^;^
13*00?S
7.65S
4.00^
1.7^
Ci
3
4
8
9*5
WUHmHMINMM*
stoo
«»l(3**
v^p i i f f l ^ oroae '•"'•••-
OiitdOiir 29 9 .60 5
Seleatifio 18 6.OO5S 6
l i i tereapy 15
duQioa l 107
Sooi@I «- - 1 0
Oierioal 2 . ^ ^ 9
4 perusal of anaX^sia of tiie data oontalaed ia tables
4*2 and 4*3 reveala tl iat tii@ *uQ8t lXk&^* areaa are eooialf
10,60
10,000
5*000
35#6f2
3
4
7
1
oleriotdL and eoipiatiationol in \.hXcii 3O0t 33^ a&a 13
peroeat of tbo atudento j:»eopootivoly havQ tholr dcainQiit
inter cats, Stis perooisto^e of otudcntB tiavisg doniaaiiti
intoreets in other ar@B8 arc qtuite Xow» mmiQ osooeding
8 peroent • nuaioaX and art 16tie ereas osro *soat iilcod*
by QttljT wS peroent aod 3«7 peroont of otudeiite*
tiben table 4«3 la inepeotedf i t is found that
GusiooXand Qoohanloal orooo are 'loaot iilcod* by fitoro
otudoQto than ottior oreaot the roopootive porooitagee
being ^ .C aod 17«6* About 10 poxoe t& of studoate bBVQ
*Xea8t X^iii0* for poreuaoive aad artiatio aroao*
Sho aoaXyBoa ginDo in table 4«2 and 4*5 ishoo read
together go to ehOD that soso vooationaX iatorost areas
ere neither intoaei^Xy Xikod by a majcrity of etudeata
nor aro intonolvoXy dioXiked* It ia only aooiaX aer rioe
area tThioh ia Xi ed oost by about one - .ird of the sa& Xo
but dieXilced by none* CXerioaX area alee onjoya alooat
aiolXar atatua. On the contrary ooeieaX area ia dioXilied
Qoat by about one third of the aaopXo and Xiked by oid y
3*6 peroent, nechanicaX area aXeo can be pXaoed in the
Ho. Of &mm ttIO
UOm Of BO^S p
S^»9Xe Ilo.e300
— r • t' f • " 'p
8 5!0 to 208 87-455 §1 0 2 . ^ 259 86-3?^
5 To 7 27 t1.3|S 08 t2.<J^ 55 11.6S5
1 f o 4 3 t.35^ 03 4.81^ 06 2^
Tota l 236 62 300
fik& emaXysea presentoS ia the a)»oire tablo @tioa3
that ci .tfr Of the pup He ^ o » their interoat in & to tO areas
fh is id Qlear ioditoatiOB oi the fact trmt during ^oJle30o»o@
%hQ inter^nte QI* tti@ atudento reaoio difluaod crwr a oidi@
range of woc&tXomL areiM}. 'ials io tr%@ in oaee of botb
bajra an4 gl^lo* 48 wouXd bo soon in tbe triMe S7«45 of
boys and 82.2$l of g i r l s hsvo tbeir vscGtiofial iitteroste
spread o?or 8 to 10 voes^tional areas* khmt t2^ papUa
ohouGQ vocational ladtivit ioa from § t o 7 aroao ani
0£ily 2^ oiioaae thea fr ^a 1 to 2 aroa@»
Qtsm oategO]^* fUs otiiar orooe ^ i o b oro Sioli^od
f o maao up tlie roautle of the Qoolyses i t otm b@
said tlia£ the moat I^ed ar@&@ of vomti^mH lat^tmtQ
of tho eai^Xe oonlAst of sooial C^ |)Grooiit>t olerlnaJ.
(23 pe^oeiit) and oos^putatlonai ( t3 percent) aM lo&iS&
liked areas oonsiat of e^eieaJL (3§*6 pQrmnt}^
mmhmiiQQX C17«6 portent) i porGi2a0i?e (10*6 p^roent) and
ar t i s t io (10 poroeat)* dthor ^ooatioiial ar©aa aueli ao
outdocr« aoieatlfio aM litorari^ aro auoii %hG$ tliojr aro
moat ii&ed and least liked by aboyit oquol peroeat of
atadaatB*
0^ JBoEiiaaat iat^g^ats of boyo oaS ^ i r lo
fba 3tii# ^otiioaiseS that t&ore ia ao aori^ed
differaaoe ia dOQioant iatoreate of bc^a a»d girls*
la order to toot tlio voraoitjr of tiiia £^fotitoapt tbo
poxoenta^a of aada groiip of hti^Q BM girla bairiag
dooiimBt latfcreet in ©aoh of tiio tea as oas vmr&
o^oalatod* Ttma raak of oaoh aroa wm do^of&lnod oa
•miS'
%lm tmiblB of tume pcroeatag6@ for bi^e imi girls
@epf3ra%el and ranle difforeaoe oorrei&tioiei oQSiputoS*
interest©, tm r&ouXte of biMk mBX^Bua ai*o froooa^d
ill i^ables 4«4 a»i 4«§ balo^t
11 lii. i i i i uii iuni iiiiliiT.i7ii»>
ReiatioaQhip hGtvmmi arQoo of acgaimint iatoroBt of boye
llo» Pert Haafc m* For* Itoi& a g Rbo (Mtdoor
M&oh^iiioQl
16
15
Ocsputatioa 36
S o l ^ f i t i f l o 21
Persaaaive
A r t i ^ i o
l#it©rary
maiml
Oi&r ioa l
I t
4
13
3
64
57
6.8fS
5.§fS
4»4f5
t.sr*
5.55^
275S
24fS
5
6.5
3
4
a
9
6.f3
10
1
2
2
• »
4
2
1
?
1
7
26
12
3-30 ^*3
- 10
3.3;» t>.5
1.70 8.50
1 1 . ^ . 3.5
t.7>» 6.5
11.2^ 3.5
42j5 1
19*40 2
1.5
3*5
2.0
2Ȥ
0.5
5.5
2.0
0
0
2.25
12.25
4.00
6.25
0.25
30.05
4.00
42.25
0.0
0.0
.25
ts.730
m a t •OSlevol
li iwiftii—wiwtt inwiiiinifciiilliiiw
238 62
M 4 7 *
aoXati<%8hA^ h0%mm ^^m of l eas t i a t e r ^ t oj bo.ye aifl g i r l s
i|UH|WW|il1lll»iKIMI louereet , , SIX . ., area Boys xix/X MI^B til
auMo^ ^5 fO,<i?l 5 4 6.50 5 2-0 4.00
t loetoaloal 21 G.90 4.5 32 51.7 1 5.5 12.25
aoaput©- 14 5.95^ 6 - « 8*5 2«*> 6.25 .545 t i o i j a l
ScisatSJio 11 4 . * ^ B ? 11.20 5»0 5.0 25.00
Persuaeive 21 8.955 4.5 11 18.00 2.0 2.5 6.25 t«1.033
A r t l e t i o 30 12.7^» 2.0 - - 8.5 6.5 42.25
L i t e ra ry 12 5.0^ 7.0 3 5.0 6.0 1.0 1.00
a ie ieo l 102 43.00 1.0 5 8.00 4.0 5.0 9.0
Socia l - - 10.0 • - 8.5 1.5 2.25
01er io«al 2 I.C^ 9.0 - - 8.5 0.5 0.25
mi»mmm»mmmlmimmmmitimmm
238 62
Xt nould foe notioed In table 4.4 t^at the wJBk dlfforenoo
correiat i^a i3oric©fi o t b©t<50ea the ram;© a. olgtied to varioiie
^b
4«j
- - • i —
PERCEKT^G)E OF PUPILS HAV/N6
J)OM/MAN/T INTERESTS lA/ VARIOUS
VOCATIOKM AREAS
3 0 - ^
2« -
^ -.t..
10 -
UNITi- five 5M/\LL 'd'Gi.OAKB^ o
TTl
fi# -4
III:! as
B 0 ^S
o c
o 70
2
I r
11 ..L
!3y
•Sin
si
• c Tn
J—O.
mmmm
PERCEKTAGB OF PUPILS KAVlKGi
LEAST MTERESTS IK VARIOUS VO CATI OKA L AR EAS
§ K T I E •;3
m
- o ^ A, ^ G
E J^S T
^ <:
A> R
--I
O
E A
Tl
m > <
z
> r-
o r-
•4S-.
vooationaX interoste ore&B of ttoye am g i r l s oc@oe
to bQ mZ% Sigaifioanee oX t^ ie 0orr@latioa QB
imm& tfeyrougb eaienlatlon oi t ¥aiu@ • f i ie vaLuo of
t ccites to b© • T ^ obioH i a far belm tho valtt@
2*^6 to BBkQ tho oc»*r^Icitlon ei^alf ioai i t at .0$ l6irc^«
fhim rnQOsm th&t tliere in no roXatioi^bi^ botm^oa tb©
domijctmit iatejrost fireas of b o ^ einfi gJUrl®*
A further loot i n %he s ^o t i ^ l o oboiso tttot
phoroae eooiaX audi e ler ioa l areas en^o^ the saiso raciks
i n eme o f both eosssy thore ie cmoh divorgoaoo i n
respeet of othor ar^iis.
Th& b^othaeos of no difforenoo i n the aoainafll
intoreate of hoye and gIrXs io therof<%c^ o^ar2.|r
f o t M untGi^liIo*
'im Qmk& remtit is obtaiBed chon aroao of loa^t
intoro&t of boys aM g i r i a are eos^aroa* 4a exaoiisa*
t ioa Of table 4«d ehopa that tho rank difforaao©
eorrolatloa hao a imiuo of •945* ^ho ocoEToopooaisg t
value io t«033 tihioh* Qgal»t io otioh looo than 2«306 to
*«49
mtM0 tm oQrs^ol&tim eigtilf ieunt at »0^ XOITOI tN ith 8
degroQS of l^eedOD, fhuo I t i@ foasi timt there iQ no
a^e@neiit botnoen boya ai4 £|irl8 In re^pz^ to the areas
of least in te ree t s . fte oonteuto of talbXe 4.5 reveal
that l>oya ^ a ^ least intere&t in aueioal aM a r t io t lo
cy^easf g i r l s are* on tiie o^fier kmia^t l&iSt interested;
ifi aeotianioal and pejctuasive areiia* Agoiiiii g l r l e acam
very l i t t l e intoroet in eoientifio ^reo t; @re&£i boje
do not diellfee tbio orea so muob*
$i)ie reouita tiro :ki the espcotoS airoetioa in viea
of the g»o^ eooial rolos of lnoys cmd g i r l s about ^hieh
ttm pup Us of the tt?o eoscoe @o@ to be quito mmto*
fbere is ao woM&r^ tfaerofar©, if the Sifferoiseoo la
vooat io^ l intereote of hoyB aal gir lo ore fouad to ex i s t .
B- Ooa^QriMim of ^oaliiaJEtt iatereets on ttoe baoio of
III the fcaiOping tableo 4*6f aitf 4»7t peree^age of
etudeAte h€!^ing aoainaiit intereets sod leas t iatereeto
la varimta ooeuiiatioaal areas nae beea gii^a IQ reepeet of
boye or XIZ aM X Claeoee eeparately* Hjrpotlieoia 3 of t&e
•50»
iraoatlonol interests OJC paplls on %ho htmlB of dlffoj^isce
fA^LB 4*6 Qfmpas^islQtk astomt I I I and X olooa ax^trl^
iRlereel
Outdoor
deotiotiioal
OOEiputi^-tlofiaX
S o i e z t i t l o
?oxQiiaeiv@
i l r t J s t lo
Li te rary
i sus io^
Soolai
Clor iQal
f o t a i
no.
9
8
24
9
7
3
11
3
46
41
I6t
of tiiQlr doainaat ioter@et.
Per©»
5.5SS
5.0SS
14«55$
5.5^
4«5?^
t*9fi
6^5S
t*90
29.00
25.50
"c"r"xi {lam
5.5
7
5
5.5
8
9.5
4
9.5
1
2
So.
7
5
t1
12
4
1
2
1
18
16
77
a Fero.
9.5fS
6»4S
14,25S
15.50
5.0^
1*55 '
2»5J5
1.3^
23.35^
20.75S
bOjTO i »
HODfc
5
6
4
3
7
9.5
e 9.5
1
^
regard t o th^
4
.5
1.0
1
2.5
1
0
4
0
0
0
d Uho
.25
1
1
6.25
1
0
1& .97
0 S iga i -i ioon t
0 ' ^
0
• 5 1 -
"AiifB„4yI
^affi>^f,#„^yg.™,„.P| ^4„ fgnOJ ftOf fe.m.^a regor^ to tlie„ area of"t te i r leas t Aaterest « i.^erceiii;.a,^ of atuagatQ
•mmmmMMt wmimmmmmimmmit'^jimmiam M e r e s t ' d T r¥"B" « area l o . Foro* itai^ l o . fore. Eanft 4 4 Bho
Outdoor 19 1S5 3 6 7.8f' 6 5 9
neohanieai 10 6«5? 5 I t 10* 5ft 5 2 4
OoDputc^ t 4.555 7 7 9»55 4.5 2.5 6.5
Solent if i« 9 5.5?^ 6 2 2.5f 8 2 4
Peisuiisiw 17 10.5^ 4 4 5^ 7 3 9 .98
Art ie t ic 21 130 2 9 11.fe?S 2 0 0 Sig. .01
Litorory 5 5.10 8 7 9.5 4.5 ^.5 12.25
l^eioal 71 44.4^ 1 31 40.20 1 0 0
Boaitik - ^ to « - 9.5 .5 .25
Cla-ioai 2 1.3$ 9 * - 9.5 .5 .25
?otal 161 77
M»IMMiWIIMBIlBMiMWMIW>MIIM»>'*«IWit"W WWHIi i H'Hilliiimp'ii
2tie rads differeisee oxro ia t loa o<Kapute betijeea
various iateffieoi areao raakefi oa the baoio of
pereoatB0©0 of stuaonto having dts inai i iaterost ia ©acb
•52*
area as givon in tablo 4*6 ec^oo to be .97 obleh i s
hl$^y sigaifioont at .01 lovol.
i'he rank differonoe correlation ooaputod bot^on
aroaa of leaat iatereslo of I I I aM X oiaeo boya and
Qirls in taiaie 4*7 ia •^b* i'ltjb voiuo ia also ouch
higher than the value of R l^ raquirod for ol^ofioanee
at .01 Xeve2.*
Frca both thooe aaoLyeee i t ia inferred that claeu
differefice durini; l a t e adoicacooco io aot a foaeio of
differoace in vooatioaal laterosta of bojrai
Sin00 the aiMplo coatalned only ooo elaoa of ^IrlOf
i t laaaaot p<maibld to eab;o a:3lja&o of thio type of the
data of f;irIo* Hocovdr, ono CQa_Moi^o_Qith ooaie
toount of ooafldonoe that the aacso pioturo nould have
emerged in the oaae of girlo too*
She fmaiflg arrived at taia study appears to bo ia
agreeKent with previoue rooearohea caich hove found very
l i t t l e ol iaage in vooatiooal intereats during law
adoleooenco* Aooording to thsi the prooeea of atabXiaa-
lion hogine aith the oaaet oi adoieaoefioe*
•53-
llere i t oay be admitted tbat tbe eaopie eo t^ t i -
tuting oi&ae X and Xli ie cross eeotioiial. r^hieii doea
not lead i tee i f to leagitudenoi type of etudy Kii:iioli
oGDiid Umr& beea l>eGt for imreet^atin^^ Qhsm^e in
"voeatiocmi iotereeto*
^0 tills extoni; tHe fioding^ reaoliod in tbe etudy
have to be acKsepted with eoia© rooorvatlon*
B- CoaporioiOB of dQainaia iotereate on tfae boeia of pagente' oooM?atioa#
In the tabled »m 4*8 t o 4.15 areas of d(%iimnt
and 4iim% interoets of th@ tota i Btrnple (4*8 and 4*9)•
bays, (4*10 and 4*11) a»d gUSfhB (4.12 aod 4«1]}) arc
anal^^eed on the basia of their parente'oooupatioii. In
eaon tabXe eubjeots imvQ been dietributed accosHfig to
tile area of doi^iiiaat iatereets and {parents* ooeupatioa,
f ho raaft oX eaoti ojT tria tect areas i s deters^sed
©eparateiy fox- eaob i^cupatioiial group* UsiJEig tbe
teetmique ot fCendall's Ooenicieat of Coaoordaooe tne
ejstottt of a^eeaent in raiikiog tiie toa areas of
.54*
leas t i»torGO$* Th^ roBuXte of ttiio moaXyBla are
given belcros !i;AflX»B 4*8 Qooparj,QlQn of aroaa of doaitiaflt l a te r fSt or tfao eaeple iniiiii~»iiiBiiiiiiinii 111 III imm^mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmfmtmmmfmmiMmmmmmmmmiimmmnnv ii iiiiiiini iiiniii jiiiT7iii|iiiiiiiiiminiiiii«iiiiiniiii,r>iiini< « j
« «ftft c«t tihe baoio of tftoir poreato* ooctipWidoQ; *|8>3UU iiiiiwliilwilMiMiiiiiiITiiiWiliiiiiiiiWii iimimyim •iwinwi'wiirwiiii—iwwiwiiwwiii iiwiini imiin flninni unii i i iiiiniriiTiiii
Interoot Ooetifiatitai KA13K KAilK BADE SIM « ares kgjfU aer. Btie* ^ # 1 gr . gp» «r d a 17
g r . l ^*XI g r . I I I IX XZZ KAtllC
Outdo * 9
Ueonanlo- 9 a l O o ^ u t a - 25 tionaX Solon t i * 9 f i o
8ive Art lo t is 3
It i ters^y 10
UuQioaX Z
Soolal ^
Olcr loal 47
So te l 149
12
1
4
6
6
4
6
3
1
44
22
99
^2
.6
1
7
6
5
2
«»
-
15
12
52
6
6
3
6
8
9
4
10
2
t
55
12 m
9-5
6.5
3
4.5
6.5
4.5
8
9.5
1
2
55
X 588
4.5
8
3
4.5
6
7
9.5
9.5
1
2
55
.50
20 3*5
20.5 4
9 7.5
15 1.5
20.5 4
20.5 4
21.5 5
29 12.5
4 12.5
5 11.5
165 ^ 0 ^ •i16.5
12.25
16
56.28 0.78
2.25
16
16
25
156.25
156.25
132.25
586.50
, « .. .. ® 0*78 s? Cii(a^ - 1) m 9 X 10 X 99
X « E (n - 1) U ffl 3 » 9 X .78 « 21.06 3ig. at .05 ievol
-55-
g/y3JU5,..4>9
l^^ftfyrM^, Of ^QfiQ ,of leaet,, tolH^gQQt o - the, eaaplo ^n. mKmmtmmmimmmmmmm^>mkmM»wtnm*m»mmmmm'wmf»mmmmt^^
Ho 300
Interest Oaewpstioa RAM area Agri* Serv* Busiflbos ^ • I
gr*X gr*!! gr*III
MM RMK Suet gr« 0e* of a I I I I I BmK
a^ 0
Outdoor 10
0®iptita- 5
Pero»£a3 tv©14
A r t i s t i o 19
l»it©rary 4
Uusioai 76
Sooial
Olerlool 1
6
30
3
4
9
S
1
39
••
••
4
16
3
2
1
4
4
16
4M»
m»
5
7
4
2
8
1
10
9
4 4 11 5.5 50.25
2 2 9.5 7 49
5.5 6 18.5 2 4
7 7 19.5 5 9 .80
5 d 15 1.5 2,25
5.5 4 11.5 5 25
8 4 3) 5.5 12.25
1 1 3 13.5 182.25
9.5 9.5 29 12.5 156.25
9.5 9.5 28 11.5 132.25
fota l 149 52 S»5 55 55 H i . 602.5
irrmm' vV 12 4*
A ^<i 2 f r ^ 9 s 10 s 99
a 3 X 9 » .8
o «0
o 21*60
Significant at .05 level
'^t^'ZJt'M.iim^
^JM^h 4> 10
Q<^0Qrieioa of areaa of acgaloaat io1;ereot OJC bOiro on %ho hooiB "'"""""'" of''tfceir pureate* QooapQiione
IWBHMWWi WMiliBWIiWiMllwaiillUgiiliilliPili'lWWIIIWi M«N«WMiMM*
Interoot Qoottpatioa UMiK Ukm SAM Swia «
I I I I I I R&M (jr.I gir»n 0P*II
Outdoor 9 1 4
ioaX CCDpute- 23 ? 5 tioobal
Sci©ati- 9 4 6 f i o :»0r©u£>» 7 4 2 Bive Ajptiet i c2 I
Iti^oTGr/ 10 5 -
Kysie aX 2 - -
Sooial SQ 21 10
OXcapical 46 11 9
6 8.5 5 19.5 3 9
6 5 7 18 1,5 2*25
3 3 4 10 6.5 42.25
6 5 5 14 2.5 6.25
8 5 6
9*5 8.5 9
4 7 9
9«5 10 9
2 1 1
1 2 2
19 2«9 6.25 •B4
27 10.5 110.25
20 3.5 12.5
28.5 12 144
4 12.5156.25
5 11.5132.25
37 55 55 55 Jg l . ^ 1o
-. "16.^ .,62, ,
t o t a l 145 56
W « 12 C ILIllLH l»ll>—l»»>IWi1M»lll'
m iniJET - 1)
e 12 g 621 e .84
9 K 10 X 99
A E (5 - 1> t o3 IE 9 s .84 a 22.68
Siguifleant at .01 level
-5?-
mmmmtmmmmiim'ifmmmmtkt
ipmpmSMimij&f m9BB of Jegst iatergat ef h&m on
1K238
ISIerSI" oroG
(^Mocr
me^mniee^
Ooapita-
S o i d o t i f i o
FeiBuasive
^ r t i a t i o
I f i t e ra ry
^^ i< iaL
SooiaX
C l ^ i o a ] l
f0%6X
ia
5
5
6
12
I f
4
n <m
1
u$
12 A
Q CZkiQ ***
^ • i.lE, • t> w
5
e
5
t
§^
5
1
31
-
••
$6
t )
5
7
3
t
••
4
4
19
•
«»
3T
« 12 ;
9 X
« 3 X 9
3
6*3
6»3
5
4
m
@
1
10
9
55
It 362
10 X !
X •?§
RAUL gPsZJ
5.5
2
5.5
7
3*5
3.5
8 '
1
9.5
9.5
55
n
MM
5.5
2
5 3
t 9
3*5
s3.5
1
9
9
55
: Sim s o f
SHE
14 2.S
10.5 6
17.5 1
19 2.5
16.5 0
9 7.5
19.5 3
4^ 17
^•25
36
1
6.25 .75
0
56.25
9
3 13.5 182.25
28.5 12
27.5 11
165
10
««16.5
a
« i
.75
20.25
144
121
•562
BlgfUtiooat at .05 i@v@l
••58-
iatorest Ctocapatloii &FC& mi.mMm too
zn
TO XQB.. » 4 . i
Still of a s
I BMIE
t 1
Outdoor
€oq^ttta»
Boimtifie
Artlat io
Sooiol
Olorioal
2
I
23
11
2 t
• 7
1
2
5
5
7
7
2»5
7
7
»
2»5
4
3
8*5
5.5
1
2
4 19.5 3 9
8.5 24 7.5 56.25
4 16.5 0 0
8.5 19.5
6 21.5
4 9.5
8*5 24
8.5 21
1 3
2 6.5
3 9
5 25
7 49
8.5 72.25
4*5 20.25
13.5 182.25
10 100
»70
t Often 43 15 55 55 55
8^16 wS
6* »523
'C^ 12 6r m
12 X 523 ^ ^ {ii(a^-t> ^ z ^d z ^^
X « E(I • 1)W « 3 X 9 X .70
SigsiJtleant a t .05 l9^ml
« .70
i» 18*90
#l«W*»lll||«ll»*IH«MIII|glMIIIIIWIIlllililJlllMllMt»^ llll»M<Jii»«l«»l<ll»IIWM»««p«l««l»««l«M«MMililliiilllil ill m Ml IWIPIHl ii liTilli'lli III mil l w B i » « < w »
BaC2
gr i ^mll g r . l l l I XI I I I n^m IIMW»«ll»lll»«»««MW«l»IWI«ll»i»«IIM*«Wllllllllli1»llliOT««^^ -Ilii m w — W W W M — U M I —
OttMo» 3 1 7 4 4 15 t .5 2.25
n@&oaal#ajl 1 24 9 2«5 t t 4*5 12 t44
acsajputEi- * a • 7 5*5 8 20*5 4 t^ • t t
Seieatif io - 2 1 7 5«5 4 16.5 0 0
l^ommBim 2 4 1 1 3 4 8 @.5 72.25
&ptl0ti© - • * 7 8.5 a 83.5 t 49
UUrmy - - - 7 8.5 8 23.5 7 49
t^ieioal 1 8 3 2.5 2 2 6.5 10 100
Social - - 7 8.5 9 23.5 7 49
QUrieeH - - 7 8.5 8 23*5 7 49
fO^Ali 4 43 15 55 55 «!65 530.5
0 m ^g ^^ , 12 8 530>5 ^j^ —m^ w>'"fr"" —TTwrm—
xa-i aC0 • 1 JO -3 X 9 X .71 « 18 .^
Siga^^d^^^ <* »05 XfiVQl
tht data afisOarue^ iQ t ^ abovt taliXes ebODe ttiat
tbore io oigslfieaisl 0 1*00 of rolatiomtliip in %lm
•60«
roakl£ig of laroaa of both d<%3iaaDt intoreat and Xoast
ititoreet between tho pupHo be ioag i^ to pa roa^ OJT al Jt tlie
ttiree oo0t; atic3i@» In ordor to jrcuii3.itate izieifuit eot^mfi^
siott tlie resu l t s aro sucuaorisiod btJloii*
Scaaaagy of regulte of rolatioashlp Xa raaklofl of areae Of 4<»iiBinoQ iatoy ^ t and loaot toterost of varioue ^oupo of aiwieiita fe t}fae baela o^ ttmiJt pmcentm*
ltiMM«IM«Mn«MHaiM«H
Oroiip fype of into3roote
Oooffioient of flimooo
Sotel se£;|>le Dooinaol Intoreot arcaOf lioaot lotordBt areas*
^500
0*78
•80
2U06 •OS
2f*60 .05
hoye Doolnaat «84 Ifttor^st aroaa* Xtoaat Xatoreow .TS areas*
22*66 *01
20«25 .0$
a i i i a Poainaitt .70 latoreat ifyreas* loaot Intoroat . t l oroaow
18«<^ •OS
t8«90 .OS
fho fiueuaary of roaulta siokoe i t eXoar tba t
1) ratting of aooiimat interest GTQ&Q b^ three huMrod
(5&0) stuftosto SivMod into tbree ooeupatiaaoX iproi^e
Is eigoifieaatljr foXatod iZ) rmi&iiig of areas of leaot
i a l g r ^ t i@ el.60 Q%aifios^tl/ relatodf ($> raolEiog
Soae l)|r my&iBm23&) i s aiao ©Ignifiooislljr rolQtoS sua
(4) rac ing b/ gliia la oXoo Qi^lfioeistelir rQlatot.
I t W&JM tm tatefi to ooas th€$ Sminaiil intereot
aroa@ I0 vmll. 1^ oroas of ieaot .interost aro orderod i&
sljailar faction by tbe tbroo groins of ctudeis&@.
ealogssriidd <m the basis of tboir paroato* oeeupatioao*
la otli€r word€ pupils aro &0I ln£hmm^ W tlioir
p^oi^Q* oootipaticiie ia ttiolr ^rooati aai proforosooe*
Sbe idbooQoe of titio inlXuoiioo is ^poraist io oaoo jof
botb bo^ as mill a& glrXs*
^ t^o l.i(^t of th@ ^mQ rooulto t^otboels 4 of tb©
QtvtAst whMk SQ^ %k&% tbo oooi^atioas of psresls do not
affeet doaiimat iatorost pattora@ of Soooaaor^ Sobool
atuSoats Xo tmM to ataiid.
F- Qmpm^BifM of dealoimt iatereete tm the teaoia
of payimtg\ Muece
In tliQ tables flrtxa 4«1S to 4«20 areas Of
dosSaant mn^ least internets of ttie totiO. ses^le
(4#t5 awl 4»16), !i<^ (4.17 and 4a8) aM g^lB
(4«t9 aM 4»20) are analjreed on the |>ael« of tlieir
parents* efiuciatloa* 2B eaoli ta]»le eiibleote hme beea
aietrilmtea aoooMiag to tiie area of icaioant iatei^ets
ai^ par^te* eaaoatl^* Then rmk of eaoh of tiio ton
arias ie detezmliied eeperatelir for e a ^ eduaatioaeS. groii «
Oeiag tile teohai(|tte of &^MeilX*Q Ooeffloieisdt of 0Qrre2.ati0B»
tiio extent of agree&OBt ia ra»i£iig tHe tea areas of
fiaQiaaat Ijatereat ^ tjtie 6 gr(»pa «ae fonad* flie eaee
prooeiure iiae adc^ied in ease of areae of ioaet istereat*
She reatl ta of this aaaliiiie are gir^n below*
a I u oi
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-69-
Stio 4ata aonlysod in tbe altove tablee aboiss tbat
ttiero id e%Q|fioaat des>^oe ot reiationebl^ ia the roolting
of areas of both dominant ia terot t and loaat la tards t
b«t9eeii tha pa£>lXa heloagliig to 4iffore»t Xovelo of
paresto* eduoatioa* I& order t o faolXitate iaalaot
ooc^orision tho roimlto aro stuaaarised holont
SuDsarg of remilta of rolotloo£ai% la raokina of ageae of dooiaaat iatereet and ^eaot Jotarflot of yariona croapa
Its on the basia of tbeig poroata^ educatioa*
aroup ^ype of intereat
Ooeffl. oiant of fieaaoa
lotral
Sotol oaople OOQlaaat latoreot
&i$X> Loaot Xnteroat
.49
• 62
26,46
55.48
•01
•01
mmimmmm>mmmi)>miitmmm<>tnmm»itmm
Soya
li»238
Btsiinstfit latoroGt Loast Interest
>46
.54
24*84
28#16
>01
.01
Oirle
Bn62
Dooioaat Xaterost lioast Xnterast
>99
• 3 5
21*06
18«e0
.0$
•05
the Qimms^ of reaulte aatos i t ^lear tJiat (f)
divides isto ©is i;rdits»fi nn th^ bas^ of paraota*
G&t4€c&t4<m i€t pigiufleaBtX|r relat64» (£> raokiag of
GToao Of l0a@t iatei>©et in &loi> oignifloaislijr roiatea
(5) fanl^iisg &om by bojro (^238) ie e^eo al^aifioantijr
jTOlatoS and (4) rai&ii^ oi gixXa is aleo oigaifloaittly
rolfttoi*
It frouid bo tafeois %o emem tbat 4d£siQa# intorost
QX^&& UB mitl 6Q meetm of least intereet art orderod
i s olsilar i&etim hy tbo 6 groups of studoots
oatogovisod mi ^ Q baoio of tlioir piironte* @aiioatioxi«
la otiior wonio ottbjoots of the o t t ^ are not iafiueooodl
hy parents XmeX of etlucati^a io t!^lr "vooaticn^
l^reforoaoeo* f&@ aboeaoo of tbie infliienoo io apperaot
in ease of botb bogro ao ^ l i as glxio*
lo tlie Xi^t of tlio above fe^uita itypotHaalo i
% Of %im atudiy ^ i e ^ ssya tbat the ctSaoatioa of paroate
does aot afH^ot {K^iaaat iatoroat pattora of e@eoa4ary
eoho^ atuaeata io fouQ4 to otaaS*
• 7 1 .
g^KSaapBgieioa Qt doaioaa^ latersste oa the baelg of •MMMMBMPiMWHWW
and le&e% iateresl^ of tliQ tots}, @aspieC4*22 and 4*23)i
bcfa (4*24 aad 4*25> anS girl6C4«2& aadi 4*27) ar©
a a ^ a e S oa the tsasis of tbair pamato* iaoama. la omih
t&hle aub;|oot@ hm& l»oe& <IJatrl^uto4 aoooMlaij to tha
oraa of dc^aiaant iateroat aaa poreate* iaoocie* Timn
raak of oaoh of tlio tea aroao ia dotessii^di aeporatelir
for oac^ iaoffio p'Oop* Uaiag the toetiBiQuo of EaaSall'a
eoaf fioieat of ooaoardaaee ttie axtaat of agroofscat ia
racieing tlio toa mt^m of S€@laaat iatoraet h^ %hn f iw
ino»@ groups pas found* Th& mo& prooedure tias
aaopta4 ia oaao of oroaa of loaot iatoroat. sa@ raaaXte
of tbia aaaX/ala are givaa i»elo^
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.78-
tiiQ teta analjrsedi in the above tabic© mhmm that
tbe.e io o^oifloimt doip-ao of relatioaahip la the
m.iiii*'^ Of arenas of both 4<»aiaaot iasereat and Xoaet
i«ter<sst botiseen the pupils beloogiag to pareote of a l l
tto© fiiro iaocae gr0upo» in order to faeiiitet© ins tant
omaparlsion, ttoo rooults are QucKHsricea below •
Ummnx^ of reeulta of fBlatiooafaip in raakioit of wtotm of Qcaaiaaiit i n t ^ r ^ t aaft least inteyoet of yarlouQ ^roypo of
lypu of Ooofficieat « Sigiiifioairiee Group interest of X lovol
Ooaooraeiieo WiMmnBHw •MW.ii
Total 3aaplo Interest
• 705 51.72
•01
•01
B o ^ I«238
Bseiinant Interest
lutor* s t
. f e l
,CK)
27 #45
27.00
.01
.01
OiSlo
ll»62 la ter «t lieoiSt Intereet
.43
47
19.35
21.15
,05
.05
i'he- oaeaary of roowits csa&es I t olear that (1)
ranging of doslnont Ititerent aroao hy y^O atutSoats
divMed into flir@ incoae groups le eigDifioantljr related
(2) ranking of oro&e of |Q&t3t interest is aloo aigaifJU
oontly related {3} roi^iitg doao Dr boys (ii»2?6) is
also eigaifiosatV rolstdd < dC4) rankiso imr gixio i s
also slisnifioaatiy roXatod*
It would be to^oa to aoaa tliat dooiooat iatoroot
aroas da tseXl as aroao of ieaot iattsrest are cofderod
ii^slmUaft fasbioB by tbo threo ^oupa of atudetibe
oatsgorieed m tho basis of thoir parents inQOi:»o«
In otbsr f7ord8 pupils drs aot iaflttcnood by thoir
parests* i&ocise in thoir vooationaX proforoaoes* fhe
Sbsmioe of this influenos is i^pvrant in eaoo of both
boyo as mil ae girls*
In tho Xi^t of the ^ovo resaXts hypothesis six
of the study t9bioh ssyo that the ioocmo of par oats does
not affeot dOQinant interest pattern of oooondary
sohooX students is foind tea^Xo*
a- AfiTecEioat in dcQinant interests of tfao paoiXg " " ' ohoiooe* ~~Z ' ' w i ' ^ r •fc"ii''f''?*T^'f''**-^^
In the foXXo\?ins seotioja data has been aaaXysod
in order to escmine the ostent of o ppecaeot in pupils*
dosiinaot interests and their voeational choieso* She
boo h&on studied ia resp^t of bo/a and g ir l s
6ep6rate2.jr« It hoo also boen otudi^ on tho baaJjs of
pctroato* Ofitoupatloay IneoQe and educ^ition* 2h0&9
aneaiyeos oro given in tablias ^ Z to 4*^2 b02.o«»
fmm 4*29
Ai i t>pi3 iit in dogjiiaofe intereetg ond voeatiQcaX ofaoiees Of boare ana ^irle
1^300
Boye 0irX8
•DHwaMmwaax
Oateg<^ H Pereonta^o
iuojy.j < t ol-.v i V
AGREENEKfT m DOMMAMT IKTEKESTS AMD VOCATKMAL CHOICES OR BOys Am QIRUS
4-^^-
^
UNIT: Five SmLL<s>stuhR£-{%
F^^
BoyB
GiiRUS t
AaRBEKEKT J)I5AG)RE;E:MEMT
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fha inforemtiOQ provided 1Q t a b l ^ 4*29 t9 4«32
leade to the folXowlQg finaii^at-
1} there ie great 4i0parity ia pcreeatQgQS of
bct re «3he@# doalnant ii}tGrQet>@ and vooatloaal oholoes
agree and thooe in tibooG oose the^ ae mt agree* 3 he
roepeotiye peroeatogos are ^1.5 and 68. § (teO Xe 4*29) •
!S!btt0 only one tbira of ttie boyo aro fouoa to obooso
tbeir OQoupation oa tbe baeie of tboir iizlereats* Ae
oppi^od to itf 56*4 popooat of gir ls h&m a^rofissent
in tbeir iaterosta aad ohoioes* fbue a ^©ator
perooatage of girle tbaa bO|ro oboooe tbeir vooatioa bjr
taking Into aooouat tbeir vooatioaoX interests* Zt i s
aleo evident irosa tb® eigntfio^ioe of differenee
oQiotiaated througb *Z^ value ie 2«t6 #iiob i& greater
tban U96« It ie aignlfioant at •O^evei*
I t la no^)»tb®»Xeos a disef^f^tin^ a^poot of mir
gttMazHie to find that about t!?o tbird of tbe boys and
balf of the giria ebo<@o auob vooationa In f^iob tbeir
dominmit intereata do not iio«
2) iTben «e eseEairi® tbe extent of a iroement between
iat&irtmtQ ana o&oioee oa ttm basis ot puplle*
parents* oo«iis>ati(»i as io tEt>le 4«!$0t 1%, i s aotei
that ia eeae of b&tb b€|^ mid girle tb© viiliiss of
ebi 0(|UQr@8 ^ l i ^ sre respoetiveljr 2«56 sua S*§&
do sot roaoh tbe lemX of s%nifioaQoe* tbio faet
sboiio tbat tb@ eactont of agreoooat i& intereeto aad
oboloea l0 independent of peronta* ooonpation in ease
of boyn ao vmXl ae g i r i s .
^) f bo data regarding ejttoat of ugjm^m&nt in
interosta and vooatlona^ oboiooo on tts banin of
paronte* oduoation ie proirMod in tabio l «31* fbe
8ii^ of obi s^uareo for bq^o and giris aro rtnpootivoljr
S*7 and 2«67« tmar^aa the fona^ va^no of obi aqnare
ia found atatietioalXjr oignifloani at *Q3 loiml «itb
tbJ»»o doiproe of froedOEi t^e ia t t t^ ve^vm fnila to
roaob aignifioffl^oa lovel* It wot&d be intoit^oted
to et^gi that in oaae of bo$r@ tbo extant of a^ro^ant
botis@<ffl dOQiacaat intereata and ^ooatioaai obeioaa ia
aeaoeiated tsitb paroiia* ednaatiasal. iovel* !Ebia ia
hGmver not ao in oaas of girla*
•"HESO"'*
4) ^m the flats portainliid to %tm emt&nt of
agroea^nt botineeii dCRainatit iotereeta am^ vtmo^iQmiSi.
etioioQS of the pupil© iQ 9tttaie<l m ttm basis of
tfeeir parents* l ewl of laeaa^.Ctabl© 4»32) It i©
noted that la 0000 of both bojrs as mil ae girls tbo
vaiuoo of obi oquere i^loii cyro 4«0t6 and 9*108
rospootiiroly falX uhott of tbo ro<pirod laagoitiido to
m^ the rostiitB slgnlftoaat at .OS IQWX witb tbree
degree of freoaos}*
It iosao to tbe ooi]oI.uoio& tbat tbo oztoat of
a ^ e m ^ t bot^ea ioeinaat intoroesa aad '^ooatiojml
eboioea i s aot ^poaaont tm_jmea^*^y^^t iaoooo*
faplls of a l l tbe laooae groi^e hme about tbo B&m
degree of agreoe^at fa iatoreata &a& oboieea*
tmtM A»32k gumiaaeg o^ r e ^ t a of eoiaparisiaa of irariogg ^oapp io remra, to i^^teat of ..aareoaeat bett;me ':. j| OBinaflfe'' iateresta aod yoeatioaail ofaoioee^ ^
Basio of om^arieioQ Boaolta Slgalfieanoe letrel , • 11)111 imiiiiii l a m
SIX &>a.i8 *09
Paroata Oooupatioa BOJT© %^2*% i«S«
girls X2«g»67 'B#a# foreatB lacOEio Bb^a «^« 4»0t6 5«s • £ > •
.^irlB l^i ,5>1p8 , i.8#
f fa@ probloQ c^€th©r thore i s o^oeaefit in tihat
tbe pu|>iX t^aato to beooao oad t:^at hi^/lior poroots
KUit hic/iier to beoaso i s otudiod in tttia oeotioH*
file data roiotiog to i t i s tmaljreod i» tobloe ^oloiss
'2mm 4«33
AiyoeaeRt in yocatioacg choice of ifae poailo oad tk6ir...papent8'^ oattitigo*;
iiwii——nmiwi.iM •nil ii>«——>—MM«i»ii«iiiiiinii »mmmmmmmmmm)mimmmmmmimimifmmf*^iimam
B03^ Qirlo
OatogoTj n Poroo&» n Pereont* %
Agree- 186 78.1555 56 90«32^ 2.57 Sig. Qoat at *05 levoii
Bioa^eo- 52 21 as 6 9*68 Qont
SotEO. 238 100 62 100 mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmtmmmmimmmmmmm i •• m .mm mwmmmmimmmimmmmimimm
P- •?« 18.17
o 2.57 ^\* S^pg
4«658
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^^REBMBNT IN V0C/-]TlOh^/\L CfiOlCBS
OF TH£ PUPILS AHD THBIR PA^TS
UNI^' f fv^ SMALLS61UARB=--^°' 2./0
BOVS
Q)IR13
AGREEMEMT D^B^&lREEME^T
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-91-
Th& results of anaJL^eia pro^iaei in tables
4*34 to 4»?6 leoa to the foUXOpiAg ^o&ii^st
t) Ther® is agreeaent in pupia.8* osa eboie©
and parents aabition in 78^ oases in regard to boys
and 90^ oases in regard to girls as i s 6@«i in tabXs
4«??« fhis shows that agressaent is grsator in eass of
girls titan boys* fiis valus of Z oc smtedl to f l ^ tiie
signifioanoe of diffsronoe bstiseen those two poroenteges
ooQss to be 2*57 whiob is significant noarljf at .01 XmeX»
2) Wnn «e sxasiinQ ttie oxtsnt of agrooisent in
soXf onoics and parents* ambition on th© basis of jpnpils*
parsite* oeofi^ation as in tablo 4»K» i t is noted tbat in
case of both boys and giriSt ttis iroluso of obi stusrss
wbiob are rospooti^ely %%€3 ^nd 5*4S do not roaoh the
lei^el of si^DifioanoG* S bis faot Bh&a& tbat tbe
extent of agreesient in self oboioe and psronts* aabition
is indepsMent of parents* ooct;|patiGn in ease of boys
as «^li as gir ls .
5) ^he data regarding extent of agreement in self
ehoioe and parents* asiibition on the basis of parents*
-92-
e4uoatioa is pro^Med ia tabXe 4*55* Xhe eiee of
Ohi 0(|uar08 for l»o^ aM girXe are [email protected]
5*39 Q»d 6*5 lifoieli do not reach the Imel of eigaifi*
oanoe* this fact aliops that the extent of agreeiaeat
in pupile* irooationol ohoioes an& parents* aeibition i s
independent of perents* eduKiation in osee of boye om
well aa g i r l s .
4) fhen the data pertaining to the eztent of
agreement in eelf ohoiee of the pupiie io studiol on
the baeis of ^ e i r parents* lei^ei of incooe (table 4*56),
i t ie noted that the &im of ohi equares for bojs and
girie are respeetively 3«ia4 nnd 9*47* ^ereao the
f ora^ iralue of Ohi Square do^ not reaoh the leirel
of eignifieanoe the la t ter with 3 d*f« It woi&d be
interpreted lio Qeinith^ in.ease of giria the extent of
agireemeat in s^ f ohoioe is aseooiated with parents
level of iitoosjio* i'hie iB hQm^^ not so in oaee of b o ^ .
-93-
fABia 4>36>&»
mSmSSummmmmmmtnmmiitnm miii ri iiiw MMwaBwwiii^aBpwiwiWii^^ nmm^
wnmutrnm
«i i iw>niMMHiiMaMMMiMiMia««wiMiaia i iaMi>^^
S ^ &»2.57 05
Girls S?B5.48 » * S ,
2
lf«6.5 ©irlii ir«6.3 H«a.
Parents* iaoose Boys ^«3«t&4 I»Si
airXo X^«9,47 05
»i>wiiiii[K>wwi.«<i»wn—H»w><w<wn» • " lawiii'wiiwiiiiianm.!!
sum&Bir OF RBSiiL^ Aflp Disoussioa:
!l!li© pfeoeat ohaptor deals wltb an ovoivvimj of tbe
projeot oM suQimry disouasicm of reeuXta* It vioa!l& be
reoalled timt ttio proaeat t crk isae andsrto^oD to stu^lj
trooatioxtal Interasts of soooiidaz^ dohoolsapJile iA rolati-oo
to soae aeXeotod f&oj oro* ^o aohlevo this oM tho folloplng
inveotigat icaio t;or o o ade»
t) Vooational areas in nhioti t^e domioant ana leaat
intorsistQ of the pup Ho HQ mvQ etudiod*
S) She oxtent of agreoQest In puplle* doainant
latereets aaa their vooatioool. oholeea GOB found out.
3} She extent of ogreeaont botoeen pupile*
Tooational ohoiooa ond paronte oab&tlon ijas dieoovored*
In invoetl^tin^ tho above prableoe data eras also
andLysed to find out diffojonooa on the baaie of BOX,
pareata* oduoatioay oooupation and IncoaQ*
l*he etudy wtB oonSuoted on three hundred(500) pupiXa
(2?8 hoye and 62 girls) aelooted froQ different oohooils*
The statlatioai aaaXyaio iTae done by using non-paraisetrio
teohni^ea auoh aa Pearoon'e M oar relation b^aeen
•95-
ran^Sy £6iiia3J.*fi eodfiloieat ot eaiAQV&aiioe and
% t@8t %& obtain eigaifioanoe «»f diff@s««eea )»e1^eii
ftte bjri>otli0st8 f<an3iil££©d were tested at tO^ I@ireX of
8i0iiXiiemi^m file ^osttlte obtalaed by this studjr are
6i]iamrl2ed belouf*
t) &1*4^ of boyo aaS 86«35t of gArle were f oai^ to
have their intereete spread (»irer 8 to 10 Tooatioaai areas*
2) Sooial^i ciierioal. tm odaputationaX areas were the
QOet popiAir aoong %to& pupHe vtliM 30$ 23$ and 13^ pupHe
foaviog tbeir dciaiiiajat intereete ia these areas*
3) 800lai a»d oleriesbL areas E*® reapeQtife3;y most
p< uJLar both ia ease of bojre as mil m girls* fbs
greatest disparity betweea boys and girls appears ia
Qttsieal area #iioh is rmked 10 by boys and 3*5 by girls
aad laeohaaiei^ whioh i s ranked 6* by boys and 10 by girls*
4) fhere is ao relatioitohip in tt^ areas of
dOBsiaaii iaterests of boys aod girls* It is olsar froia
the t vsltt© of #730 used for toetiug s%nifioaooe of
Iho of •g^ fouM ia raz^s of boys &m girls*
•96-
3} fhe eureas of vooatiooal lat@r@9t8 vsiiioki ore
leeBt ^i^vUm* MnQng the \ioyB iir@ jreepooti'vel^ i3u@iQal|
orti&tio aad ou%«4oQr* Moiig gia^s tho r or© reopootively
ineobi»iioal.t persuasive m& ooleatifio*
6) Sber© is no reXdbiosMib^ ia l>o/o oad gir ls 60
far as the t^oas of loast interest are oonoerned* fbo
veauo of t is 1*03 wbiob la oqalvalont to tho (Stained
vetluo of .345 of Bfeo and not eigaifieaat at .05 ievsl .
7) Slt ?© is b i ^ ^egreo of ocrrdiatim in the
arsas of tOQinaat aai ioast intsrosts for bOjrs of
<aas8 XII m& those of oiass x, the QS^itufie of raa^
iifforsae© oorr©l®tioi» being respeotiirQly .97 aad *98.
8) fboro is great slailaritjr ia tHoQ pap l i s
diiriiled oa the basis of pareats oooupatitm ia areas of
aociiaaat iatorost as vmXl as &itmB of least iaterest*
this simUcaritjr is foana in oass of boys as well as
g i r i s . All tho ooeffioieats of ooaoorSaaoe were
fottad sigalfioaat at .05 low! &m la ad to the
ooa^usoioQ that j^araats* oo(»apati«m does aot affect
the pattern of doiaiaaat iatoreste of either sex of
atudeata*
-97-
9) ThQ SGoe result is obtained ^ea effect of
parett e* eduoeti'^ on pupUa* pattern of doainant
and least intereste was prohe&» A great eiaUarit^
wae found in groij e of pupUa of parents of differing
Xe<vel8 of eduoation in regard to their areas of
dominant and leant intoreeto v ith a l l the ooeffioient of
oorocrdanee being eignifioant at •01 le-vel in oase of the
total sasiple mA in oaso of bo s and at *05 level in
oene of girls*
10> Sto level of inoose of parents also dose not
have anjT effoot on the pattern of interests of boye
as mil as girls* ^en the oooffieionts of
ooro3rd£^eo msre ooi^utod ooong the ranto of vooational
areas assigned hy different inooste level groups of
papilSp all of tbeia isere found statistioally signifioant*
11) Only 3i»5^ of boys and 56•45 of girls hmo
Qade their vooational ohoioes froia vooational arsas
in iRfhi their dominant interests l ie* !!?he Z imlue
eoi^uted to test the signifioanoe of difforonoe
bet^en thisso posoentages tsao 2*18* It indicates that
-98-
ttm &l£ter&me la ©igaifieimt at .05 level.* fhQ
aiffor&aee i s la fairour ol" glzas.
12) Vhm tUB aaalj^Ble wa© ©acteodo4 to 8@e isbetiier
extdat of agraeiiieat between d<^itaat inter t e ana
Yooatioaal ohQiom i s affected %f psreate* oeoupatioo,
education m^ iaome i t was tmnA tHat ne l tn^ oeoupati&n
nor iaooae affeets i t neither in case of begre nor ia
ease of girls* Parente* educationt hoieirert i s
0%nifioi«itly related with the extent of agreesent
between d<^nant intoreots and ^Fooatioaal ohoioee in oaee
of boys only. It io clear from the ©uamary of resalta
gii^n below •
BmmBiesL of reeulta of ooioariei on of yagioae jtrmm^ in a.
ehoicea * Baaie oi obiipar kim keault Sigtlevel
II II mm mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm'mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmfmmmmmmmiui i • m iiiiiii IIHIIIIHII.M ••umiim ii i mi i i i « w — m i » — —
Parents* oooupation Bojre X« 2*36 I*S« mmmmi^tmmiMmmm ffirenisa* Sdu€^tiwi Boys Tae*
^ 8*7 #05
Faii^nts* Xnoqae Boys Tm 4«0t6 I*S. , girls A 5*108 M*
1?) fimrQ vmB found auoti a^etaeat batw@@ii
ir0 tlc»ac3i3l eliaiQos of pup Ho aD4 poponto tioiitloii.
I t was 80 ia omis Of obotjc 00^ of glrle aaS 78^ of
boys* She Q^msmmt i me oigaifioooU^ groat@? in
0040 of gir3lo than bo^^ th0 % ^oluo ctMputcsi to toot
ttio o%2lfloanoo of d^l^i^eiaoo in t^o two perooataiioo
imo 2*57 oaS o^iilloaiit at asarljr vOI levol*
parents* oooupolioB eni edueatioQ wor@ &ot fotiaS
to hmm asjT offoot on tbe ostsat of agroemeiit la
ptosis* <?oeatioaeti ohoiees iiad tboir p^oato* aia&itioa
la oaoo of boj^ as well ao glr2,8» Boi»¥or this ^iroemat
a OQX^ to bo mffeoteS bjr psroato* iaocso la oase of
gl73^e* fbo imluo of obi. square Ui. tboir oeao io 9*47
p^loh la el^mfloaat at «05 Xoi^« ^ho irooatloaal
oboiooe of gir ls of tb© iocoot-laec©o0r<«»P paroate or©
ia leas ai^oosiont ^Itb t i e l r pcroata* aobltloaa aai
roi^OBsibXe for b l^or olao of obi aqiioro valao* fbo
pieturo regardiog oQffiparatl<(;ro otudjr of bo ra aaS glrla
ia ro|pz*d to tb0 effeot of^tbeir parebta* oooapatloay
eduoatiim aad laeoao oa tbe exteat of agr@@j30Bt
betpseji th&tr vocatioml. ottoieee am parents
rabitioa fieXdoS the tollotains romlte*
Smaisagy of resalte of oossoaf ieioa of ir^ioae grottpa m r^ssektQ extent or a^yeeaent in VooatJiflaai ofaoi^i^ ana gareat'a aiabJ,tloja»
Basis of Gompetiaion Bamlts iig« lm®l
SIX 2«2.57 f05
Fareatd! Qsoupatioa Boys 3r»3>«165 17«S«
airlB A 5 . 4 8 fl.S.
Pareat^lLoaiieo^ioii Sc ta ^»^*39 S*3 • i
&lrla j r»6
A I B ^ * ' Far0at6* Inooiaa Boys ra3»l84 0«S* Girl© ^2^9.47 ,05
A Bii»uii8ioa of reeal.t6 i
It hem bean roirealod by t l^ proaont iawatigatioa
that as s^aiast the eaq^aetation of the invostigatGr
tho prooeas of progress 1 ^ ae-Xiialtatloo of voeatioaai
•101«
inter^oto la very aloe in oase of the atudents of
iii|^ 8oho<^ and iatexotidiate oXasme* fbey seem
to be un&eoi&ei ^out ebo :siQg eveii t^tatiirel^
few areas of iaterest« FerhapQ laotc of ooneentratlon
of vooationaX Intortsts steiaa trtm lade of
og^^rttmitlea in the aohod to try oti Intereeta
throu^ a provioios of vooational aetivitiee* In
weate^ oountries the progracuse of vooationaX guidance
are quite otrong which facilitate the process of
gradual oonoentration of pupils' inteiwste in fen
areas* fhe Ifflplioatioos of diffusion of vocational
interc&9ts continuing evon up to the last stage of
schooling are indeed grave for t^ing decisions ahout
future caroor hy the students*
She difference in the areas of doainaot
vocational interests as found between boys and girls
i s not surprising* Both sexes hare different social
role expectatitms* tn:iezeae girls generally adopt
the role of house«ivife» boys adopt the role of
wc^^earner* It is in iceeping with those r o l e s that
gixlB hm@ their ms^or in%em»%w la eftolalf raualoea»
art iet io m^ li terary aroas i^@r^9 l»0|« hmm tnem i&
o^^utatloimly seotmnloaly SOQI^ ana el®rl«al areas*
Surprlolngljrf outdoor area i& least pepui^ witli liojra
as with giria* fhie ehosss the over wheialag inllaeaoe
of tirbaQ eolture oai attraetioa toe white o^ la r
l rofeeaiOEis m bi^a of preaent gole rat ios. Sar^aTt ^t
la not a health|r ai pfi for halaaoed eeonmio grouch of
the oountr:^ aad aeefia to be remedied*
Itet other diaoGofortiiig feature of pttpila*
YOoaticQEi pXaming reirecOLod bjr ^© atudy relat i^ to
the faot that oaljr about one third of boya aad haXf
of girla ohooae their vooatioaa trm the areaa of their
dc^inant intereeta* thim situatioa porteada iiX for
their aatiafylJig irofrntioi^ l i fe aa adaita* 2t aiao
reHeo'^ Imk of gtiitoaee aad vooatioml. pXaa yihs*
Howeverp a eoiutios of this probles ia not j osaibX®
t i l l the labour foroe in the starlet ia imioh sore than
the huaber of available jobs* If a atudent deeidaa to
aoeept a job;, that ia oosiisehsurate mlish hie loterestey
-105-
ho may pez^^o never get it* So he oaanot wait to
matoh the jal» offered and his lotereeta* It does not
ho«ieirer {ainlolao the need of vooational guldanoe in aohool
ae fjoll aa in hose*
It la notod that vooational oholooo of the attidente
are mode not ao auoh m the hasla of their genuine
intereata aa on tho baaio of tholr poreata* ambition.
Paronte* aobltion have a atrong Intervening effect on the
re3.atlonship bottTeen pnpiXa* voeationaX intereeta and
vooational ohoioes* It appears that parents influonoe
pupila* vooational oholoeo store on grounds of extra
neous oonalderations* This is more true in oase of bcgro
In oaee of gizis t hore agreement between parents*
OEibitlcni aid jgupils* ohoioea maa found to the extant
of 90^ an iffipcn tant reason isthe llaitXon of vooational
ohoioes iQpoaed on them by their ecNsial role as house
wife* Both parents as well as their daughters are
oonsoious of it and aspire for only few types of jobs
that hove social approval for girls* entry*
•*104*»
The z^eolte of tho study mi^QBt"! thefg ia^vi/sm
of fast 4e^olopii}g teotiao»ladu@trial hm® et tbe
eooQtr^ v^ijQh is gGosratiAg mm mM vmeiM t ^ e e of
c @« @tt£laiiti 1340t bo proiriaed with iioo@@oarjr
gul4aiifio i» sohootls eo timt thoir Tooatioiml plomiiiig
ett^ t»o aado in tho Xi^ t of fall faots about tbolr
om abili t los ani Intorosts m tiio one Hand as4 norld
of nGiNfc on the otiior*
B* lilBltotiOB of tlio etttdy t
file pfooeat study tias oertaia llaitatioao n^leb
desoi^o to lio steaticmGd here so that they 8o.y b©
Icept in •iriow ^ i l o interpret log the resolte aad
oi^ aerve as poiitta of oau.ti<m to aojr iatore
r6@o :-el:ier iatereated ia study tug vooatitmal interests
of Hie s1%idont@*
Flrstlyp tho design of the study has a soope o$
jEUrthor isM?r07@oont» She cmsple ought to h&m boon
lar£^r eo ttmt when pupils are divided in oub^groiips
on tho lasis of variables suoh as pareati^ oeGapati(m
-105-
iooome and eduoatioQ, tho muaber in eaob 8ab«»grottp
4ods not booQQo two smaXl for a tat let leal aaaljroes*
SGOOJOdlyt the irooation^ proforcnoe record used
for oolleotlng data about vooationaX iaterests does
not appear to be a v&ey oatiafootory tool for thla
purpose f epeoiaXXjTf the aotlvitloa relatlas to
out-4oar area giwa la the rococd ore mostly irrelevent
for ui^an pupils* If would have oortaiiUy ^eea more
useful if QOre thoa one todoouXd be used for ooiaeotiiig
evidanoe about vooatlonal interesta*
ThixdXyt the infomatlon about parents* inooeie
to have been ooiXeoted ttm sooe source aore reliable
than students* It is found that Inforntatlon supplied
by thsQ is not im< dependable* The results obtained
by analysing the data on thi basis of parents* laoooe
aret thereforot of limited value*
Fourthlyi the use of noiv-Paraisetrlo teohniqiues
Bi£kee the rcoults of the study loss seopHistioated
and affeot adversely thulr generalleability* But
the n allure of data i;;S8 suoh that paz^usetrio teohni^iiss
ocuid not be appllea*
A roplioatioxi of the etudjr ttith better desigHt
larger sosplo and ooro offioioat tooXe isrould be»
suxeljr* Qoro reitqrdlag*
0»>Area8 of further reeeorefat
She Bsaa of irooational Intereata froa whi^ the
present probl a was aeleeted is pragiieii% with a
number of o^er reieiied ^uestioist ansne^ of whloh
are Xilcely to further de<7Gl< ixmigtkt In vooaticneii
de ToIopiaait theory* Baring the pro@r.»0s gro sth of
present ^aork the invest^ator w^ oonfrosted with
several intriguing issues steosiittg froo the study
in head* It «as felt that the following problems
need aa urgent attention of future reeearohers.
1) A study of stability of vooati(8ial interests
during pre-edolesoenQOy edolesooaoe and late>»
adolesoenoe*
2) A study of relationship beticeen Tooatlonal
interests on the coo hand and intelligenoe,
-107-
8oeio-eoon(^io etatua and achievement on the other*
3> A stuajr of BeXationship between personal i t /
needs aM dominant vocational interests*
4) A study of Effect of aptitudes on vooational
interests of seoondstry sohooil studants*
3) A study of Relationship between vocational
interests and part leip at; ion in eo»eurrioular ac t iv i t i e s
in schools*
»- Suggestions i
The foil owing stjggeeticms could be offered on the
basis of the resul ts of this enquiry for guidance of
the higher secondary sohods students, guidance
personnel and parents*
t) I t i s a matter of ootaaon of observation that the
teachers and counsellors solely re ly on pu^Us*
participation in certain ac t iv i t i es as an indication of
their interests and try t o guide them accordingly.
Identification of interests' in th is manner often reaul ts
in fflisguidanoe of the students* I t i s , therefore*
-108-
aui^ested that students* iiatoreats observed througb
their aotivitiee showiLd bo latorpzotod voiy cautiously
and i£ poooltae Interest tests should be given to the
students*
II) Students* dosrinant Interests should be Idezitlfled
and greatdr nuober of aotivltles both eurrloular and
eo-ourrloular be provided for further development of
their taajor Interests*
III) In oxMlor to develop realistlo vooatlonal self-
OQooept aoong the studontSt a ti lde ran^ of voootlonal
sotivlties and hobbles should bo provided In the sohools
and studei&s should bo given Qssisnm freedom In ohooelng
aotlvltles In oooordanoe t7lth their genuine Interests*
IV) In order to roaove the dlserepanoy botoeen
vooatlcool ohQloes and tholr doalnant IntorestSt It Is
neoessary that tho students devolej the ability to under
stand theli unidentified Intorosts for t . l s purpose*
i'hey laust be enoouraged to oake use of standardIsod
Interest Inventories and shouHd be helped In the
Interpretation of their Interest profiles*
-109-
7) Stuaents ehoijad he enoouraged to ignore e\30h
§otinitios for ^hiob timy do not hai^ strong Hiking
and helped to oonoontrate on eocti aotivlties i^lob
are moat attract ITS to th^* SIxia wUl load to
^adu^ di^Xiiaitatioa and provo uaofkil ia laakiog
vooa^iimal ohoiooa*
VI) ArraagsiQeiit elsould be made in all aeooMarj
aohocile for dieeemiaatioa of oooi^atioaal ialjoroation
to the etudenba taroigb leotureSt filia-aho^t eareer
pac$)hiet8 and visit to eitea of ^otk» It ia aeoesear^r
for orienting pupila to the world of work.
Vlt$. M order to brii% rea l i^ ia parerile* aobition
regarding tbeir arda* future irooationsy parente*
oonferenoea must be held trm tijse to time in tsliioh they
muat be apprised of their imrda* vooatiooal intereatSi
abilities and vooational planning* ^hia will develop
in parents a deling of oonfidenoe about g idanoe
given to their onildren in eohooli the diaorepenejri if
ai^t between parente* aobitiaa papHs* vooational
oho lees ean also be roQoved in these eonforenoee*
-110-
Hecdloso to say that eifeotive and sj^stesiatio
progracHSGQ of guidaotm eiiould be IfiMiushod in all the
aeooiidary ochoolo iiiitboat dela r if the vast hiMan
resouroe of the oovmry i& to he properly utilised
for re^oonstruotion of the hat ion and a balanoed
eooncmio grot?th of the oouotrir*
1. strong, S.11. i VQf^tioaal ipterrsts of sen & gcsaen .
SteoforA waivers ity StcmfoiKl Frees,
2« Super 3)oiii4d B i fp rg^itiiti^ Vooational Fitoj^t
Set! twit. Harper and Brothi re 1962,
»ot9 torlt, 1969 •
4. Eltsoa, H.B. ! the Pawifaia>(^ of Vooatlonal AdAueW pent FEXlisti0lphiat t92l*
§• Oarrfttt, H,g« i 8tat,^tle An 26sreholom oxA mueatioa nam Xork^ l^on^oa Oretm ane Oo«, t9?7
6* OttiXford, J.P. I gun^aooatal StatAo in Peycfaolo^ and
0et7 York, seSraw Hai Co*, 1956.
7. walfeer, BJJ* I KleaenliQry Statietloea. Uetfao^
Bow Xork, t958«
6* IJ# M» Domie I anaie Stataatiool Dsthod
eeo^d Kditlon, 196§«
9 . aerie »• late i StatAetio in Edueation aa^ PByofaoloffiy
1965.
10. Herri©, \7*G. a Bnojroiopedia of Educational aeeearcfa
How fork, riaonilian Go,, i960
JO a n l A 1*.
1) Arnoiia »• ond Bruo©t S« "'iJi© VooationaX Ouidanoe
Qnerteily«, aept.t 1970» Vca» 19, |?«46*
2. Bare, C«B« '*?he VooatloimX OuManee QuartdrXjr"
Jttae 1970, Vsa.. 18, P*297»
3, BrodOLey, R« « and Sctith, H* H* "'i ho Vooatlonal
Sui^Boe Quffl:tei3.y**t June 1971» Vol, 19t ^•281*
4* Ooz, S.0« **!i?he Vooatlonal auldaaoe Quartexiy*'
jrune 1971, VoOL. 19f P.271.
<}. Hoadrix, V.L. ana Super, B* E* "The Vooatlonal
duidanoo Quarterly", Juno 1968, Vol 16, P*269«
6. IDsaoe, J«7« and OeULia E« *"Sim Vooatlonal Guidaaoe
Quflctorly**, Sopt. 1969f Vol. 16, P.34*
7* Uo 0ovaro and Hanson, h,B» **fh© Vooatlonal auManoo *
Qua»terly«, Sept. 1967t Vol. 16, P*51.
a# Morton, I..J. "Jho Vooatlonal Guldanoo QuiMPtorly",
Uamh 1970, Vol, 18, P. 165.
9 . Potrife, U.B. **ThG Vocmtiooal auidano© Qiuaptorly*',
Sept. 1967, vol 16, P.39. 10. Hayaoad, A.R. "2bo Vooatlonal Ouidane© Quarterly*
Sept. 1970, V<a# 19, P.41.
11. SlQcaona, O.}). <'fhe Vooatlonal auldanoe Quarterly"
Beoeiabor 1967, Vol 16.
** 03 bi
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