The major states in central and eastern Europe - 1. Prussia 2. Austria 3. Russia.
Rise of Austria and Prussia Chapter 17.4
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Transcript of Rise of Austria and Prussia Chapter 17.4
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Rise of Austria and PrussiaChapter 17.4
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The Thirty Years’ War
• By the early 1600s the Holy Roman Empire has fallen into several hundred small, separate states.
• The Holy Roman Emperor became an elected position and had very little power over the states princes
• Regional conflict also fuelled the Thirty Years’ War• North – Protestants (mainly Lutheran)• South - Catholics
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The Thirty Years’ War Cont’• The war was both Political and Religious
• It began in Bohemia (present day Czech Republic)
• When King Ferdinand of Bohemia (Hapsburg) sought to suppress Protestants and assert royal power over local nobles
• Ferdinand was elected Holy Roman Empire in 1619 and with the support of Spain and Poland there was a fight to push back the Reformation
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The Thirty Years’ War
• When Protestant states like Sweden and the Netherlands heard of what was going on in Bohemia Protestant troops were sent to fight the Catholics
• However both Catholic and Protestant rulers shifted sides when they would benefit the most• EX: Catholic France joined Lutheran Sweden against
the Catholic Hapsburgs• Hapsburgs controlled Spain as well as Austria
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The Thirty Years’ War Cont’• Many roving armies of mercenaries
destroyed all things in their way
• Murder and torture were followed by famine and disease which lead to depopulation in much of central Europe.
• In 1648 the Treaty of Westphalia was signed ending the Thirty Year’s War
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Treaty of Westphalia
• France comes out smelling like a rose• France gained land on both the Spanish front and
German Front
• Hapsburgs lose big• Accept almost total independence of all Princes in
the Holy Roman Empire• Leaves Germany divided into 360 separate states
• Netherlands and the Swiss Federation won recognition as independent states
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Hapsburg Austria
• Even after the Thirty Years’ War the Hapsburgs still wanted a strong nation under them
• By the early 1700s the Hapsburg empire included Germans, Slavs and others
• Hapsburgs allowed each to practice and live as they did before. But the Hapsburgs would step in when they saw fit
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Maria Theresa
• Charles VI had no son and no women has every controlled Hapsburg land by herself
• Charles convinced many European families into recognizing Maria right to the throne. Many ignored that promise after his death
• In 1740 the largest threat came from Frederick II of Prussia • This will become the 8 years war of Austrian
Succession
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Rise of Prussia
• As Austria emerged as a strong Catholic State, Prussia emerged as an equally strong Protestant State.
• Under the leadership of the Hohenzollern (HOH uhn tsahl ern) family. Prussia began to build a large and very strong army.
• Also the Hohenzollern families set up a system of bureaucracy to reduce the power of the local nobles known as Junkers
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Frederick William I
• “Prussia is not a state which possesses an army, but an army which possesses a state.”• By 1740 Prussia was strong enough to
challenge Austria
• Frederick II – Frederick William trained him as a military leader• Frederick preferred to play the flute and
write poetry
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Frederick II
• Frederick with the help of a friend were going to flee the country. Frederick William discovered these plans.
• Frederick William forced his son to watch the beheading of his own friend.
• Fredericks military training was not lost because in in 1740 the War of Austrian Succession was started by him
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Balance of Power• As Austria and Prussia became more
powerful in just added two more powers to Europe
• Many wars broke out across Europe• The largest was the 7 Years’ War 1756-1763
• (we know it better as the French and Indian War)
• Was fought on 4 different continents• Prussia, Austria, Russia, France and Britain fought in
Europe• Britain and France fought in India, Africa and North
America• Treaty of Paris ends the war and gives England a huge
Empire