REWARD SYSTEMS & ATTITUDINAL OUTCOMES

PHED 1027Week #9

March 11 & 13

Remaining Schedule

• March 11 & 13 – Rewards, Satisfaction, Commitment

• March 18th – QUIZ #2

• March 20th – special guest; NUPHES elections

• March 25th – Risk Management

• March 27th – Leadership Activities (gymnasium)

• April 1st & 3rd – Leadership & course evaluation (gym)

Multidimensional Model of Leadership:(Chelladurai, 1990)

Situational Characteristics

Leader Characteristics

Member Characteristics

Required

Actual

Preferred

Performance

Satisfaction

Antecedents Leader Behaviour Consequences

Transformational Leaders & the Multidimensional Model

• Transformational leaders believe they can alter– Situational characteristics (goals & strategies)– Member characteristics (beliefs & attitudes)

• How do they do it?– VISION

• Attainable• Abilities• BELIEVE = ACHIEVE

Tranformational Leaders EMPOWER others..... (Arnold et al., 2000)

DIMENSION DESCRIPTION

Leading by example Setting high standards for own behaviour, working hard to maintain those standards, setting an example if good behaviour

Participative decision making Encouraging and listening to group’s ideas and suggestions and giving members a chance to voice their concerns

Coaching Providing help to members to improve performance, encouraging members to share ideas and to work together, supporting group members

Informing Explaining goals, policies, rules, decisions, and how the group fits into the organization

Showing concern & interacting with the team

Caring about members’ personal problems and their well-being, treating members as equals and getting along with members

Decision-making

• Participative vs. Autocratic– What’s the difference?????

• What are the advantages & disadvantages of each?

Participative Decision-making

• Advantages– Ownership– Execution– Rationality– Understanding/Acceptance

• Disadvantages– Time consuming– Affected by cliques

Autocratic Decision-making

• Advantages– Time– Cliques

• Disadvantages– Understanding– Acceptance

When is it appropriate to include the members/clients/subordinates?• Commitment• Time• Information – leader vs. members• Complexity• Conflict• Development• The ATTRIBUTES of the problem dictate the

decision style

For Example:1. You are the coach of a badminton team. You

have to decide upon a new team racquet on a limited budget. How would you go about making this decision?

a) Varsity badminton teamb) Elementary School team

2. You are in charge of a group of volunteers organizing a sports event. You have to assign volunteers to different tasks.

REWARDS

• Purposes:– Recruitment– Retention– Attendance– Motivation– Skill Development– Ownership – Structure

TYPES OF REWARDS

• Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic rewards

– Which are most important to leaders?

• Financial vs. Non-financial

• Performance-based vs. Membership-based

• Career vs. Social

Bases of rewards

• Job• Skill• Seniority• Performance• Mix • How do teachers use rewards to enhance

student learning?

CHOICE?

• Rewards distributed based on member preferences may enhance motivation and job performance– Cafeteria-style benefits– Lump-sum payments

OUTCOMES

• Productivity outcomes:– $$$– Efficiency– Growth– New products

• Attitudinal outcomes:– Satisfaction– Commitment

Satisfaction

• Paid Job Satisfaction – work, pay, promotions,

supervision, people

• Volunteer Satisfaction – work, achievement,

convenience, supervision, people, recognition

• Participant Satisfaction - services, leisure,

athlete, coach

Participant Satisfaction

• Satisfaction with services– What do consumers of sport services want?

• Reliability, tangibles, responsiveness, assurance, empathy

• Leisure Satisfaction– What do leisure participants want?

• Psychological, educational, social, relaxational, physiological, environmental

Participant Satisfaction

• Athlete Satisfaction– What do athletes want?

• Performance, improvement, leadership, social, support

• Coach Satisfaction– What do coaches want?

• Autonomy, facilities, pay, performance, administration, colleagues, job security, academic progress of athletes

So What?

• The usefulness of describing satisfaction is important to leaders only if it can be measured reliably and validly

• Many satisfaction measures are available• These measures can provide critical feedback

to leaders so that they can identify problems, choose solutions, and evaluate changes

Organizational Commitment

• Affective commitment• Continuance commitment• Normative commitment

• How do YOU as a leader develop commitment among your volunteers/members/clients?

REVIEW FOR QUIZ #2

• Abilities – Chapter 4• Personality – Chapter 5• Values – Chapter 6• Motivation – Chapter 7• Organizational Justice – Chapter 8• Leadership – Chapter 11• Rewards, Satisfaction & Commitment – 13, 15, 16