Revision on Dev Theory and Personality

8/3/2019 Revision on Dev Theory and Personality

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Personality &Developmental

TheoriesRevision


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Personality

Personality is unique, relatively enduring

internal and external aspects of a persons

character that influences behavior in different

situations Enduring characteristics (relatively stable &

predictable)

Unique Characteristics (special propertiesthat distinguish us from others)


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Personality: Carl RogersKey terms to remember The SELF which was his term for personality Actualization Tendency: the basic human

motivation to actualize, maintain & enhance the self.

Positive Regard(acceptance, love and approval

from others)Conditional orUnconditional

Positive Regard which eventually becomes

Positive Self-Regard

Conditions of Worth: To Rogers, a belief that weare worthy of approval only when we express

desirable behaviors and attitudes and refrain from

expressing those that bring disapproval from others.


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Personality: Carl RogersKey terms to remember Rogers theorizes that the source is not

important.

This need is universal & persistent.

This Crucial to personality development;

infant behavior is guided by the amount of

affection & love bestowed


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Personality: Carl RogersKey terms to remember Incongruence: a discrepancy between a

persons self- concept & aspects of his/ her

experience

Experiences that are incongruent with our

self-concept become threatening and are

manifested as Anxiety


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Personality: Trait TheorySheldon- Terms to remember

To describe physical build, Sheldon studied

thousands of photographs & developed a

rating system for 3 major components/

somatotypes; Endomorph (fat, soft body)

Mesomorph (athletic, muscular)

Ectomorph (thin, delicate)


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Personality: Trait TheorySheldon- Terms to remember

Relaxed Active Quiet

Sociable Assertive Fragile

Tolerant Combative Sensitive

Loving Confident Non- Assertive

Peaceful Vigorous Restrained


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Personality: Sigmund FreudKey terms to rememberLevels of Consciousness Id (Pleasure principle) Ego (Reality principle)

Super Ego (Morality principle)Developmental Stages and their fixations; Oral (orally fixated) > birth- 1 yr Anal (anal retention/ expulsion) > 1-3 yrs

Phallic (oedipus/ electra complex) > 3-6 yrs Latent > 6-11 yrs Genital (issues fully manifest itself) > adolescence


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Personality: Sigmund FreudKey terms to remember

Defense Mechanisms Repression Rationalization

Sublimation Identification Reaction formation Projection

Denial Displacement Regression


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Personality &Self- assessment Inventories Personality inventories are described as

those instruments that are designed to

assess personal, emotional & social traits/

behaviors, as distinguished from instrumentsthat measure aptitudes, achievements and

interests

They also encourage you to think about yourskills, abilities, interests and values


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Personality &Self- assessment Inventories Instructions: for each question, decide on

answer a or b and put a check mark in the

proper column of the answer sheet. Scoring

directions will be provided. There are NO right or wrong answers since

about half the population agrees with

whatever answer you choose


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Keirseys Temperament Sorter


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1. At a party do youA. interact with many, including

strangersB. interact with a few, known to

you

2. Are you moreA. realistic than speculativeB. speculative than realistic

3. Is it worse toA. Have you "head in the clouds"B. be "in a rut"

4. Are you more impressed by

A. principalsB. emotions

5. Are you more drawn toward theA. convincingB. touching

6. Do you prefer to workA. to deadlinesB. just "whenever"

7. Do you tend to chooseA. rather carefullyB. somewhat impulsively

8. At parties do youA. stay late, with increasing energyB. leave early, with decreased

energy

9. Are you more attracted toA. sensible people

B. imaginative people

10. Are you more interested inA. what is actualB. what is possible


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11. In judging others are you moreswayed by

A. laws than circumstancesB. circumstances than laws

12. In approaching others is yourinclination to be somewhat

A. objective

B. personal

13. Are you moreA. punctualB. leisurely

14. Does it bother you more having thingsA. incompleteB. completed

15. In you social groups do youA. keep abreast of other's happeningsB. get behind on the news

16. In doing ordinary things are you morelikely to

A. do it the usual wayB. do it your own way

17. Writers shouldA. "say what they mean and mean what

they say"

B. express things more by use ofanalogy

18. Which appeals to you moreA. consistency of thoughtB. harmonious human relationships

19. Are you more comfortable in makingA. logical judgments

B. value judgments

20. Do you want thingsA. settled and decidedB. unsettled and undecided


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21. Would you say you are moreA. serious and determinedB. easy-going

22. In phoning do youA. rarely question that it will all be

said

B. rehearse what you'll say

23. FactsA. "speak for themselves"B. illustrate principles

24. Are visionariesA. somewhat annoying

B. rather fascinating

25. Are you more oftenA. a cool-headed personB. a warm-hearted person

26. Is it worse to beA. unjustB. merciless

27. Should one usually let eventsoccur

A. by careful selection and choice

B. randomly and by chance

28. Do you feel better aboutA. having purchasedB. having the option to buy

29. In company do youA. initiate conversation

B. wait to be approached

30. Common sense isA. rarely questionableB. frequently questionable


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31. Children often do notA. make themselves useful enoughB. exercise their fantasy enough

32. In making decisions do you feel morecomfortable with

A. StandardsB. Feelings

33. Are you moreA. firm than gentleB. gentle than firm

34. Which is more admirable:A. the ability to organize and be

methodical

B. the ability to adapt and make do

35. Do you put more value on theA. definiteB. open-ended

36. Does new and non-routine interactionwith others

A. stimulate and energize youB. tax your reserves

37. Are you more frequentlyA. a practical sort of personB. a fanciful sort of person

38. Are you more likely toA. see how others are usefulB. see how others see

39. Which is more satisfying:A. to discuss an issue thoroughlyB. to arrive at agreement on an issue

40. Which rules you more:A. your headB. your heart.


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41. Are you more comfortable with workthat is

A. contractedB. done on a casual basis

42. Do you tend to look for

A. the orderlyB. whatever turns up

43. Do you preferA. many friends with brief contactB. a few friends with more lengthy

contact

44. Do you go more byA. factsB. principals

45. Are you more interested inA. production and distributionB. design and research

46. Which is more of a compliment:A. "There is a very logical person."B. "There is a very sentimental person."

47. Do you value in yourself more that youare

A. unwaveringB. devoted

48. Do you more often prefer theA. final and unalterable statementB. tentative and preliminary statement

49. Are you more comfortableA. after a decisionB. before a decision

50. Do youA. speak easily and at length with

strangersB. find little to say to strangers


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A. experienceB. hunch

52. Do you feelA. more practical than ingeniousB. more ingenious than practical

53. Which person is more to be

complimented: one ofA. clear reasonB strong feeling

54. Are you inclined more to beA. fair-mindedB. sympathetic

55. Is it preferable mostly to

A. make sure things are arrangedB. just let things happen

56. In relationships, should most thingsbe

A. renegotiableB. random and circumstantial

57. When the phone rings do youA. hasten to get to it firstB. hope someone else will answer

58. Do you prize more in yourselfA. a strong sense of realityB. a vivid imagination

59. Are you drawn more toA. fundamentalsB. overtones

60. Which seems the greater error:A. to be too passionateB. to be too objective


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61. Do you see yourself as basicallyA. hard-headedB. soft-hearted

62. Which situation appeals to you more:A. the structured and scheduledB. the unstructured and unscheduled

63. Are you a person that is moreA. routinized than whimsicalB. whimsical than routinized

64. Are you more inclined to beA. easy to approachB. somewhat reserved

65. In writings do you prefer

A. the more literalB. the more figurative

66. Is it harder for youA. identify with othersB. utilize others

67. Which do you wish more for yourselfA. clarity of personB. strength of compassion

68. Which is the greater faultA. being indiscriminateB. being critical

69. Do you prefer theA. planned eventB. unplanned event

70. Do you tend to be moreA. deliberate than spontaneousB. spontaneous than deliberate


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Keirseys Temperament SorterDirections for Scoring Add down so that the total number of a answers is

written in the box at the bottom of each column. Dothe same for the b answers.

Then, transfer the number in box #1 of the answergrid to box #1 below the answer grid. Do this for box

#2 as well. Note, however, that you have twonumbers for boxes 3 through 8.

Now add all the pairs of numbers and enter the totalin the boxes below the answer grid, so each box hasonly one number

Now you have four pairs of numbers. Circle the letterbelow the larger numbers of each pair. If the twonumbers of any pair are equal, then circle neither, butput a large X below them and circle.


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Eg of a finished score sheet


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Keirseys Temperament SorterResults: There are four dominant

Features E extrovert or I Introvert S sensing or I intuitive

T thinking or F feeling

J judging or P perceiving


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Keirseys Temperament SorterResults

There 16 different combinations that one can

arrive at based on your scores:

4 SP (Artisans) 4 SF (Guardians)

ESTP (Promoter) ESTJ (Supervisor)

ISTP (Crafter) ISTJ (Inspector)

ESFP (Performer) ESFJ (Provider)

ISFP (Composer) ISFJ (Protector)


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Keirseys Temperament SorterResults

There 16 different combinations that one can

arrive at based on your scores (CONTD.):

4 NF (Idealists) 4 NT (Rationals)

ENFJ (Teacher) ENTJ (Field marshal

INFJ (Counselor) INTJ (Mastermind)

ENFP (Champion) ENTP (Inventor)

INFP (Healer) INTP (Architect)


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Keirseys Temperament SorterResults: Artisans SP

They tend to be fun- loving, optimistic, realistic, and focused on thehere and now

They pride themselves on being unconventional, bold andspontaneous

The make playful mates, creative parents, and troubleshootingleaders

They are excitable, trust their impulses, seek stimulation and dreamof mastering action skills

They need to be free to do what they wish, when they wish They resist being tied or bound or confined or obligated They would rather not wait, or save, or store, or live for tomorrow

in their eyes: Today must be enjoyed, for tomorrow never comes


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Keirseys Temperament SorterResults: Guardians SJ They pride themselevs on being dependable, helpful

and hard working

They make loyal mates, responsible parents and

stabilizing leaders They tend to be dutiful, cautious, humble, and

focused on credentials and traditions

They are very meticulous about schedules and have

a sharpe eye for proper procedures They are cautious about change, even though they

know that change can be a good thing


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Keirseys Temperament SorterResults: Idealists NF They are enthusiastic, they trust in their intuition,

yearn for romance, seek their true self, prizemeaningful relationships and dream attaining wisdom

They pride themselves on being loving, kindhearted

and authentic They tend to be giving, trusting, spiritual and they are

focused on personal journeys and human potentials They make intense mates, nurturing parents, and

inspirational leaders


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Keirseys Temperament SorterResults: Rationals NT They tend to be pragmatic, skeptical, self-contained,

and focused on problem- solving and system

analysis

They pride themselves on being ingenious,independent, and strong willed

They make reasonable mates, individualizing parents

and strategic leaders

They are even- tempered, they trust logic, yearn forachievement, seek knowledge, prize technology and

dream of understanding how the world works


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Developmental TheoriesErikson: Psychosocial Stages Trust vs. Mistrust (birth 1 yr) Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (1-3 yrs) Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 yrs) Industry vs. Inferiority (6- 11yrs)

Inferiority/ superiority complex Identity vs. Role confusion (adolescence)

Identity crisis Intimacy vs. Isolation (Early adulthood) Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle adulthood)

Midlife crisis Ego Intergrity vs. Despair (Late adulthood)


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Developmental TheoriesKholberg: Moral Development

Level 1: Pre- Conventional level

Stage 1: Punishment & obedience orientation

Stage 2: Nave hedonisitc orientation

Level 2: Conventional level Stage 3: Good-boy/ Good- girl orientation

Stage 4: Social- order maintaining orientation

Level 3: Post Conventional level Stage 5: Legalistic orientation

Stage 6: Universal ethical principle orientation


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Developmental TheoriesPiaget: Cognitive Development

Sensorimotor (0-2 yrs)

Senses- eyes, ears, nose, touch, taste

Preoperational (2-7 yrs)

Symbolically

Concrete operational (7- 11 yrs)

Hierarchies, classifying information

Formal operational (12 yrs- adulthood)

Systematic thinking, abstract thought

Revision on Dev Theory and Personality

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