Revision helper u7_bilingual_p16revised
Transcript of Revision helper u7_bilingual_p16revised
Revision Helper 溫習錦囊 (Bilingual version) 雙語版本
Understanding Integrated Science for the 21st Century (3rd Edition) 最新綜合科學 — 邁進 21 世紀 (第三版)
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2012 © 雅集出版社有限公司 2012
1
20.1 Gases in the air 20.1 空氣中的氣體
What is air made of? 空氣中包含甚麼成分?
Q1
A1
Air is a mixture of gases. 空氣是由多種氣體混合而成。
nitrogen 氮
(78%)
oxygen 氧
(21%) carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 (0.03%)
noble gases貴氣體(~0.9%)
water vapour (variable) 水汽 (不定量)
other gases, e.g. exhaust (variable)
其他氣體,例如廢氣 (不定量)
1 Chapter
Revision notes Air and burning 20
Part
1 第 部分 Revision notes 溫習筆記 Chapter
第 章 20 Air and burning 空氣與燃燒
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20.2 Testing for gases in the air 20.2 檢驗氣體
How do we test for gases in the air? 我們如何檢驗空氣中的氣體?
Q2
A2
Test for oxygen:
Oxygen can relight a glowing splint and cause
a burning splint to burn more brightly.
檢驗氧:
氧能使有餘燼的木條重燃,又能
使燃燒中的木條燒得更旺盛。
Test for carbon dioxide:
Carbon dioxide turns red hydrogencarbonate
indicator yellow and turns lime water from
colourless to milky.
檢驗二氧化碳:
二氧化碳能使碳酸氫鹽指示劑由
紅色轉為黃色,又能使石灰水由
透明變為乳濁。
Test for water:
Water turns dry cobalt chloride paper from blue
to pink.
檢驗水:
水能使乾燥的氯化鈷試紙由藍色
轉為粉紅色。
There is no simple test for nitrogen. 沒有簡單的方法來檢測氮。
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© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2012 © 雅集出版社有限公司 2012
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What are the differences between
breathed air and unbreathed air?
呼出的空氣和未經呼吸的空氣有
甚麼差別?
Q3
A3
The following table shows the differences
between breathed air and unbreathed air.
下表顯示呼出的空氣和未經呼
吸的空氣之間的差別。
Breathed air
呼出的空氣
Unbreathed air
未經呼吸的空氣
Oxygen
氧
less
較少
more
較多
Carbon dioxide
二氧化碳
more
較多
less
較少
Nitrogen
氮
same
相同
same
相同
Water vapour
水汽
more
較多
less
較少
Temperature
溫度
higher
較高
lower
較低
20.3 Comparing breathed air and unbreathed air
20.3 比較呼出的空氣和
未經呼吸的空氣
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20.4 Burning 20.4 燃燒
For a fire to occur, a fuel, oxygen and a high
temperature are needed.
燃料、氧和足夠高的溫度是燃燒
的必要條件。
These three conditions make up the fire triangle. 這三個條件稱為火三角。
What conditions are needed to start a fire? 生火需要哪些條件?
Q5
A5
oxygen 氧
high temperature 高溫
fuel
燃料
What happens when a fuel burns? 燃燒的過程中,會發生甚麼變化?
Q4
A4
When a fuel is burned, the chemical energy
stored in the fuel is changed to heat energy
and light energy. Water and carbon dioxide
are produced.
燃料燃燒時,當中儲藏的化學能會轉變成
熱能和光能。此外,燃燒的過程中還會產
生水和二氧化碳。
The process of burning can be summarised
by the following word equation:
燃燒的過程可總結為以下的文字方程式:
fuel + oxygen water + + +
high temperature carbon dioxide
heat energy
light energy
燃料 + 氧 水 + + +
足夠高的溫度 二氧化碳 熱能 光能
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How can we put out a fire? 我們如何滅火?
Q6
A6
high
temperature 高溫
fuel 燃料
Since fuel, oxygen and high temperature are the
three conditions needed for burning, we can put
out a fire by removing any one of these
conditions.
由於燃料、氧和足夠高的溫度是燃
燒的必要條件,故此我們只要移除
任何一項條件,火就會熄滅。
The following table shows some methods of
putting out a fire.
下表顯示一些滅火的方法。
Method
方法
How it works
原理
Using water
使用水
Water can lower the temperature and the fire
triangle cannot be formed.
水能夠降低溫度,由於溫度不夠高,
火三角便不完整。
Using fire
extinguishers
(carbon
dioxide type)
使用滅火筒
(二氧化碳型)
Carbon dioxide type extinguishers release
carbon dioxide to displace the air (containing
oxygen) around the burning objects. This
cuts off the oxygen supply to the fire.
二氧化碳滅火筒釋出二氧化碳,能排除燃
燒中物體周圍含氧的空氣。這能切斷氧的
供應,使火三角不完整。
oxygen 氧
fuel 燃料
fuel 燃料
high
temperature 高溫
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How can we prevent fire accidents at home? 我們能如何防止家居火警?
Q7
A7
The following are some guidelines to prevent fire
accidents at home.
以下是一些家居防火的安全守則。
Do not leave your cooking unattended.
煮食時,爐火必須有人看守。
Keep flammable materials away from stoves or heaters.
易燃物品必須置於遠離火爐
的地方。
Do not overload the sockets.
避免插座負荷過重。
Make sure all gas and electrical appliances are switched off before you leave the flat or go to bed.
外出或就寢前應檢查所有氣體爐具
和電器,確保已經關妥。
Keep matches and lighters out of reach of children. 應將火柴及打火機置於兒童
不能觸及的地方。
Never smoke in bed.
切勿在床上吸煙。
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If a fire breaks out in your flat, you should 若居住的單位失火,你們應
keep calm. Tell anyone in your flat to leave.
close the door when you leave your flat.
do not try to take all valuables when you leave.
set off the fire alarm on your floor and shout
‘fire’.
leave the building using the nearest stairway.
Do not use the lift.
keep low to the floor where the air is fresher if
there is smoke.
call the Fire Services Department by dialing
‘999’ when you are safe.
保持鎮定,通知單位內所有人離開。
離開單位時把門關上。
切勿費時取回貴重物品。
啟動住所樓層的火警警報,並高呼「火
警」。
利用最接近的樓梯離開大廈,切勿使用
升降機。
假如遇到濃煙,便應盡量扒下,因為接
近地面的空氣較清新。
在安全情況下致電「999」通知消防處。
What should we do if a fire breaks
out in our flat?
若居住的單位失火,我們應採取
甚麼行動?
Q8
A8
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We can obtain energy from the food we eat. 我們從每天進食的食物中獲取能量。
The chemical energy stored in food is changed
to useful forms of energy through a process
called respiration.
食物中儲存的化學能通過呼吸作用
的過程轉換成身體所需的能量形式。
The process of respiration can be summarised
by the word equation below:
呼吸作用的過程可以總結為以下文
字方程式:
food + oxygen water + carbon dioxide + energy
食物 + 氧 水 + 二氧化碳 + 能量
Energy released from
respiration can be change to …
呼吸作用所釋出的能量可轉換成
How can we obtain energy? 我們如何獲取能量?
A9
kinetic energy when we walk or run
走路或跑步時所需的動能
sound energy when we talk or sing 說話或歌唱時的聲能
heat energy for keeping us warm 維持體溫的熱能
Q9
21.1 How do we obtain energy? 21.1 我們如何獲取能量?
21 How living things obtain energy 生物如何獲取能量
Chapter 第 章
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Why does breathed air contain less
oxygen but more carbon dioxide and
water vapour than unbreathed air?
為甚麼呼出的空氣比未經呼吸
的空氣含較少氧,而含較多二
氧化碳及水汽?
Q10
A10 This is because we use oxygen in the
air for respiration when we breathe in.
The carbon dioxide and water produced
in respiration is removed from the body
when we breathe out.
這是由於我們從吸入的空氣中
用去部分氧來進行呼吸作用,
而呼吸作用所產生的二氧化碳
和水又隨着呼氣排出體外。
Do different types of food contain the
same amount of energy?
不同食物所含的能量是否相同?
Q11
A11
No, different types of food contain different
amounts of energy.
不是,不同食物所含能量的多少會有所
不同。
The amount of energy provided by a certain
quantity of food is called its energy value.
食物的能量值是指某指定分量的該種
食物所能提供的能量。
Foods rich in fats or sugars have a high
energy value. They are called high-energy
foods.
脂肪和糖含量高的食物的能量值都偏
高,我們稱這類食物為高能量食物。
The following are some examples of
high-energy foods:
以下是一些高能量食物的例子:
Instant noodles 即食麵
(1900 kJ per 100 g)
(每 100 g 1900 kJ )
French fries 炸薯條
(1300 kJ per 100 g)
(每 100 g 1300 kJ)
Chocolate 朱古力
(2460 kJ per 100 g)
(每 100 g 2460 kJ)
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21.2 How do green plants obtain energy?
21.2 綠色植物如何獲取
能量?
How do green plants obtain energy? 綠色植物如何獲取能量?
Q12
A12
Green plants make their own food by a process
called photosynthesis.
綠色植物會進行光合作用自行製
造食物。
During this process, green plants change light
energy to chemical energy stored in the food
they produce.
過程中,光能會被轉換成化學能,
儲存在食物中。
The process of photosynthesis can be
summarised by the following word equation:
光合作用的過程可用以下的文字
方程式表示:
carbon dioxide + water food (starch) + oxygen
light energy
absorbed by chlorophyll
二氧化碳 + 水 食物(澱粉) + 氧
葉綠素吸收
的光能
Sun 太陽
chlorophyll 葉綠素
light energy
光能
carbon dioxide from the air 空氣中的二氧化碳
starch 澱粉
oxygen released into the air
氧釋出空氣中
water from the soil 從泥土吸取的水分
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What is the main product of photosynthesis?
How do you test the main product?
光合作用的主要生成物是
甚麼?我們如何檢測這主
要生成物?
Q13
A13
The main product of photosynthesis is starch. 光合作用的主要生成物是澱粉。
We can use iodine solution to test for starch.
It changes from brown to blue-black when
starch is present.
我們可用碘液檢測澱粉。如有澱粉,碘液
會由棕色變為藍黑色。
The presence of starch in green leaves shows
that the plant has carried out photosynthesis.
若葉片中含有澱粉,則表示該植物曾經進
行光合作用。
The following show the steps for testing starch
in green leaves:
以下顯示檢驗綠葉中的澱粉的實驗步驟:
Step
實驗步驟
Purpose of the step
目的
(1)
The leaf is boiled in water for
about two minutes.
把葉片放在沸水中加熱約兩分鐘。
To kill the leaf cells and destroy the cell membrane
so that iodine solution to be added later can enter
the cells.
殺死葉片細胞,並破壞其細胞,使稍後加入的碘
液可進入細胞內。
(2)
The leaf is put in hot alcohol.
把葉片浸於已加熱的酒精中。
To remove the chlorophyll of the leaf to make the
leaf lighter in colour so that the colour change of
the iodine test can be shown clearly.
去除葉片中的葉綠素,使綠葉褪色,以便碘液試
驗的顏色變化能清楚顯示出來。
(3)
The leaf is washed in hot water after soaking in hot alcohol.
把浸過酒精的葉片再浸入熱水中。
To remove the alcohol and to soften the leaf.
去除葉片上的酒精,並使葉片變軟。
(4)
A few drops of iodine solution is added to the leaf. 在葉片上加上數滴碘液。
To test for the presence of starch in the leaf.
檢驗葉片是否含有澱粉。
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What are the necessary conditions for
photosynthesis?
植物要進行光合作用,需要具
備甚麼條件?
Q14
A14
chlorophyll in the green parts of the plant
植物綠色部分
所含有的葉綠素
Photosynthesis
光合作用
requires
需要
light from the Sun
源自太陽的光
carbon dioxide from the air
空氣中的
二氧化碳
water from the soil
泥土中的
水分
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What are the roles of plants and
animals in a food chain?
動物和植物在食物鏈中擔任甚麼
角色?
Q15
A15
Green plants can produce their own food
and provide energy for animals. They are
called producers.
綠色植物能自行製造食物,並給動物提供
能量,因此綠色植物是大自然中的生產者。
Animals obtain their energy by feeding on
plants or other animals. They are called
consumers.
動物靠攝食植物或其他動物獲取能量,故
稱為消費者。
The following are some examples of food
chains:
以下是一些食物鏈的例子:
grass (producer) rabbit (consumer) tiger (consumer)
草 (生產者) 兔 (消費者) 老虎 (消費者)
water plant (producer) fish (consumer) shark (consumer)
水草 (生產者) 魚 (消費者) 鯊魚 (消費者)
eaten by eaten by
被兔吃掉 被老虎吃掉
eaten by eaten by
被魚吃掉 被鯊魚吃掉
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22.1 Gaseous exchange in animals
22.1 動物的氣體交換
22 Gaseous exchange between living things and the environment 生物與環境之間的氣體交換
Q16
6
A16
What is gaseous exchange in animals? 甚麼是動物的氣體交換?
Chapter 第 章
Gaseous exchange refers to the transfer of
oxygen and carbon dioxide between our body
and the environment during breathing.
在我們的身體與環境之間,氧和二
氧化碳不斷轉移,這個轉移過程稱
為氣體交換。
When we breathe in, we take in oxygen from
the air for respiration.
當我們吸氣時,我們會從空氣中取
得氧來進行呼吸作用。
When we breathe out, we give out carbon
dioxide produced to the air.
當我們呼氣時,我們會把呼吸作用
所產生的二氧化碳釋出到環境中。
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22.2 Gaseous exchange in humans
22.2 人類的氣體交換
Q17
A17
Which parts of our body are responsible
for gaseous exchange?
我們身體的哪些部分負責進
行氣體交換?
We have a respiratory system for gaseous
exchange.
我們的身體內有呼吸系統,以進行氣體
交換。
The following diagram shows the different
parts of our respiratory system.
下圖顯示人類呼吸系統的各主要部分:
nasal cavity 鼻腔
trachea 氣管
bronchus 支氣管
bronchiole 小支氣管
air sac 氣囊
intercostal muscle
肋間肌
rib
肋骨
lung
肺
diaphragm
橫膈膜
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Q18
8
A18
7
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
takes place in the air sacs in the lungs.
人類的氣體交換是在肺內的氣囊中
進行的。
The following diagram shows gaseous
exchange in an air sac.
下圖顯示氣囊內的氣體交換:
In which part of respiratory system does
gaseous exchange take place?
人類的氣體交換是在呼吸
系統的哪部分進行的?
Oxygen in the air passes through the thin walls of the air sac into the blood in the blood capillaries.
空氣中的氧穿過氣囊和微血管
的薄壁,進入血液。
Carbon dioxide passes through the walls of the blood capillaries and the air sacs, and goes into the air sacs.
血液中的二氧化碳穿過微血管和
氣囊的薄壁,繼而進入氣囊。
blood with less oxygen
氧含量較
少的血液
capillary 微血管
blood rich in oxygen
氧含量較多的血液
air sac
氣囊
oxygen氧
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
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A19
7
How does our respiratory system draw air
into and out of our lungs repeatedly for
gaseous exchange?
我們是如何不斷地吸入和呼出
空氣,以進行氣體交換?
There is a breathing mechanism in our respiratory
system.
呼吸系統的呼吸機制使空氣進出身
體,讓氣體交換得以進行。
Breathing is the physical process controlled by the
action of the intercostals muscles and the
diaphragm.
呼吸是把空氣吸入和呼出肺部的動
作,這是由肋間肌和橫膈膜控制的。
The breathing mechanism is summarised below: 下圖總結了人類的呼吸機制:
Breathing in 吸氣 Breathing out 呼氣
intercostal muscles contract
肋間肌收縮
daphragm contracts
橫膈膜收縮
ribs move upwards and outwards
肋骨向上和向外移動
diaphragm becomes flattened
橫膈膜呈扁平狀
volume of chest cavity increases
胸腔的體積增加
gas pressure inside the chest cavity decreases (lower than the atmospheric pressure)
胸腔內的氣壓下降 (低於大氣壓強)
air is drawn into the lungs
空氣被吸進肺內
intercostal muscles relax
肋間肌鬆弛
diaphragm relaxes
橫膈膜鬆弛
ribs move downwards and inwards
肋骨向下和向內移動
diaphragm becomes dome-shaped
橫膈膜呈拱形
volume of chest cavity decreases
胸腔的體積減少
gas pressure inside the chest cavity increases (higher than the atmospheric pressure)
胸腔內的氣壓上升 (高於大氣壓強)
air is forced out of the lungs
空氣被擠出肺外
rib
肋骨
Intercostal muscle
肋間肌
diaphragm 橫膈膜
back bone 脊柱
lung
肺
air 空氣
rib
肋骨
Intercostal muscle
肋間肌
diaphragm 橫膈膜
back bone 脊柱
lung
肺
air 空氣
Q19
8
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In the daytime在日間
Green plants carry out both respiration and
photosynthesis.
綠色植物同時進行呼吸作用和光合作用。
Under bright light, the rate of photosynthesis is
higher than that of respiration. The amount of
carbon dioxide absorbed for photosynthesis is
greater than that produced in respiration. As a
result, there is a net uptake of carbon dioxide
from the air by green plants.
在強光下光合作用的速率高於呼吸作用的速
率,因此光合作用所吸入的二氧化碳,較呼
吸作用所釋出的二氧化碳為多,結果綠色植
物在日間從空氣中淨吸入二氧化碳。
The amount of oxygen produced in
photosynthesis is greater than that absorbed
for respiration. As a result, there is a net
release of oxygen from green plants.
光合作用所釋出的氧,較呼吸作用所吸入的
氧為多,結果綠色植物在日間淨釋出氧到空
氣中。
At night 在夜間
Photosynthesis stops and only respiration
occurs. Therefore, green plants take in oxygen
and release carbon dioxide.
光合作用完全停止,只有呼吸作用繼續進
行,於是綠色植物在夜間只吸入氧而釋出二
氧化碳。
Q20
A20
7
How is the gaseous exchange in green
plants in daytime and at night respectively?
綠色植物在日間和夜間進行氣體
交換的情況是怎樣的?
Net exchange of gases
淨氣體交換
Respiration
呼吸作用
Photosynthesis
光合作用
carbon dioxide
二氧化碳
oxygen
氧
oxygen
氧
carbon dioxide
二氧化碳
oxygen
氧
Net exchange of gases
淨氣體交換
Respiration
呼吸作用
carbon dioxide
二氧化碳
oxygen
氧
oxygen
氧
carbon dioxide
二氧化碳
carbon dioxide
二氧化碳
22.3 Gaseous exchange in plants
22.3 植物的氣體交換
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22.4 Balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen in nature
22.4 自然界中二氧化碳
和氧的平衡
The balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen in
nature is maintained by photosynthesis of
green plants and respiration of living things.
綠色植物進行光合作用,而生物進行呼吸作
用,這樣有助自然界中的二氧化碳和氧含量
保持平衡。
Q21
8
A21
releases
釋出 taken up by
被吸入為
oxygen
氧
carbon dioxide
二氧化碳
photosynthesis of green plants
綠色植物進行
光合作用
releases
釋出 taken up by
被吸入為
respiration of animals and plants
動物和植物
進行呼吸作用
How is the balance of carbon dioxide
and oxygen maintained in nature?
二氧化碳和氧如何在自然界中
保持平衝?
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Q22
8
A22
The following human activities increase the
amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
以下人類活動會增加大氣中的二氧化碳含量:
Generating electricity
燃燒化石燃料來產生電力
Transport
駕駛汽車
Industrial activities
工業活動
Cutting down trees
砍伐樹木
What are human activities that cause
increasing amount of carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere?
哪些人類活動會導致大氣中的
二氧化碳含量增加?
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Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases. 二氧化碳是一種溫室氣體。
The increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere enhances the greenhouse effect.
大氣中的二氧化碳含量增加會
加劇溫室效應。
Since more heat from the Sun is trapped by the
greenhouse gases, the average temperature of
the Earth gradually increases. This is known as
global warming.
由於被大氣中的溫室氣體所困
住的熱能愈來愈多,故此地球的
平均溫度逐漸上升,這現象稱為
全球增溫。
The following are some possible harmful effects
of global warming:
以下是全球增溫的負面影響:
Rising temperatures increase melting of ice. Organisms in the polar regions will lose their habitats and suffer from shortages of food. 溫度上升令冰層加速化,生
活在極地的生物會因此喪
失生境或面臨食物短缺的
危機。
Increased melting of ice may also lead to rise in sea levels. Costal areas and low-lying islands (e.g. Maldives) will face a higher risk of flooding. 冰層加速熔化導致海平
面上升,沿岸低窪地區可
能會被淹沒。
Climate changes may result. Extreme weather conditions such as droughts will become more frequent.
氣候轉變導致旱災等天災
頻仍。
Q23
8
A23
What are the effects of increasing amount
of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere on us?
大氧中的二氧化碳含量
增加會帶來甚麼影響?
Sun
太陽
Some heat energy is reflected into space.
部分熱能被反射回太空
Some heat energy is trapped by greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere. 部分熱能被溫室氣體吸收
Most heat energy from the Sun is absorbed by the Earth’s surface.
大部分來自太陽的熱能由地面吸收
Earth 地球
atmosphere 大氣層
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22.5 Effects of air pollution and smoking on our health
22.5 空氣污染和吸煙
對健康的影響
Q24
8
A24
Sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon
monoxide and suspended particulates are
common air pollutants in Hong Kong.
二氧化硫、氮氧化物、一氧化碳
及懸浮粒子是本港常見的空氣污
染物。
The following table shows the main sources of
some common air pollutants and their effects
on our health:
下表列出一些常見空氣污染物的
主要來源及其對健康的影響:
Air pollutant
空氣污染物
Main sources
主要來源
Effects on our health
對健康的影響
sulphur dioxide
二氧化硫
power stations
發電廠
causes irritation to the respiratory
system and the eyes
刺激呼吸系統和眼睛
nitrogen oxides
氮氧化物
vehicles
汽車
cause irritation to the respiratory
system and the eyes
刺激呼吸系統和眼睛
carbon monoxide
一氧化碳
vehicles
汽車
reduces the amount of oxygen in
blood
減少血液中的氧含量
cause dizziness, headaches, fainting
or even death
引致暈眩、頭痛、昏厥或甚至死亡
suspended particulates
懸浮粒子
vehicles and
factories
汽車和工廠
cause respiratory problems
(e.g. coughing and wheezing)
引致呼吸系統不適
(例如:咳嗽和氣喘)
cause respiratory diseases
(e.g. bronchitis and asthma)
引致呼吸系統疾病
(例如:支氣管炎和哮喘)
damage lung tissues
破壞肺組織
What are the common air pollutants in
Hong Kong? Where do they mainly come
from? How do they affect our health?
哪些是本港常見的空氣污染
物?它們主要來自哪裏?它
們如何影響我們的健康?
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Q25
8
A25
The following shows what we can do to reduce
air pollution:
以下列出我們能如何減少空氣污染:
On the road在路上 At home 在家中
Use mass public transport.
Use energy-saving appliances.
使用公共交通工具
使用節能電器
Maintain car engines properly.
注意汽車的保養維修
Turn off appliances when they are not in use.
關掉沒有人使用的電器
Turn off car engines while waiting.
停車等候時應關掉引擎
When using air conditioners, do not set the temperature too low.
把冷氣調校到合適的溫度,以免因溫度
過低而浪費電力
What can we do to reduce air pollution? 我們可以如何減少空氣污染?
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Q26
8
A26
Some harmful substances in cigarette smoke
are tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide.
香煙煙霧中含有焦油、尼古丁和
一氧化碳。
The effects of these harmful substances in
cigarette smoke are shown below:
以下顯示香煙煙霧中一些有害物
質對健康的影響。
What are the harmful substances in cigarette
smoke? What are the effects of these harmful
substances on our health?
香煙煙霧中含有哪些有害
物質?這些有害物質對我
們的健康有甚麼影響?
Nicotine 尼古丁
Causes addiction
引致上癮
Increases heartbeat rate and blood pressure
令心跳加速和血壓上升
Causes heart diseases in the long term
長遠會引致心臟病
Carbon monoxide一氧化碳
Reduce the oxygen content in blood
減少血液中的氧含量
Causes heart diseases in the long term
長遠會引致心臟病
Tar 焦油
Causes lung cancer
引致肺癌
Causes coughs and other respiratory diseases, e.g. bronchitis
引致咳嗽和呼吸系統疾病,
例如支氣管炎
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A. True or false questions 是非題
Write ‘T’ for a true statement or ‘F’ for a false statement in each box provided.
細閱以下句子,正確的在方格內填上「T」,不正確的則填上「F」。
1. Carbon dioxide turns hydrogencarbonate indicator from yellow to red. □
2. Breathed air contains more water vapour than unbreathed air. □
3. Water is produced when a fuel is burned. □
4. Foods rich in fat or sugar have a high energy value. □
5. Iodine solution can be used to test for the presence of starch. □
6. At night, green plants carry out both respiration and photosynthesis. □
7. Breathing is controlled by the action of the intercostal muscles only. □
8. Carbon monoxide is one of the harmful substances in cigarette smoke. □
B. Multiple-choice questions 多項選擇題
Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions.
選出正確的答案,然後在空格內填上代表該答案的英文字母。
1. Which of the following gases is the major component of air?
A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Noble gases □
2. Which of the following gases can turn limewater from colourless to milky?
A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Water vapour □
3. Fire blanket is one of fire safety equipment in the school laboratory. Which of the following
about fire blanket are correct?
(I) It is put over the fire.
(II) It puts out a fire by cutting off the supply of oxygen.
(III) It helps cool down the fuel.
A. (I) and (II) only
B. (I) and (III) only
C. (II) and (III) only
D. (I), (II) and (III) □
Part
2 第 部分 Revision exercise 單元練習
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4. Which of the following is/are produced during respiration of living things?
(I) Water
(II) Oxygen
(III) Carbon dioxide
A. (I) only
B. (II) only
C. (I) and (III) only
D. (II) and (III) only □
5. Which of the following is NOT necessary for photosynthesis to take place?
A. Light
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Water
D. Oxygen □
6. When carrying out an iodine test, the leaf is first boiled in water for about two minutes. What
is/are the purposes of this step?
(I) It can kill the leaf cells.
(II) It can soften the leaf.
(III) It can remove the chlorophyll of the leaf.
A. (I) only
B. (III) only
C. (I) and (II) only
D. (II) and (III) only □
7. Which of the following is NOT a consumer?
A. Grass
B. Rabbit
C. Fox
D. Lion □
8. Which of the following is NOT a part of the human respiratory system?
A. Nasal cavity
B. Rib
C. Bronchus
D. Liver □
9. Which of the following will NOT occur when you are breathing out?
A. The intercostal muscles relax.
B. The diaphragm becomes dome-shaped.
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C. The ribs move downwards and inwards.
D. The chest increases in size. □
10. Which of the following air pollutants mainly come(s) from power stations?
(I) Sulphur dioxide
(II) Nitrogen oxides
(III) Suspended particulates
A. (I) only
B. (II) only
C. (I) and (III) only
D. (II) and (III) only □
C. Short questions 短問題
1. The photos below show some living things.
hawk snail bird water plant
(a) Construct a food chain with the above living things.
____________________________________________________________________.
(b) Which of the above living things is/are producer(s)?
____________________________________________________________________.
(c) Which of the above living things is/are consumer(s)?
____________________________________________________________________.
2. The following diagrams show the steps of an experiment to test for the presence of starch in
a leaf.
Step (a) Step (b) Step (c) Step (d)
hot water
iodine solution alcohol
water
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(a) Arrange the steps in the correct order.
____________________________________________________________________.
(b) What is the purpose of step (d)?
____________________________________________________________________.
(c) What is the colour change of the iodine solution if starch is present in the leaf?
____________________________________________________________________.
Answers 答案
A. True or false questions 是非題
1. F
2. T
3. T
4. T
5. T
6. F
7. F
8. T
B. Multiple-choice questions 多項選擇題
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. D
6. C
7. A
8. D
9. D
10. A
C. Short questions 短問題
1. (a) water plant snail bird hawk
(b) water plant
(c) snail, bird and hawk
2. (a) b, d, a, c
(b) Its purpose is to remove chlorophyll in the leaf.
(c) Iodine solution changes from brown to blue-black.
Part