Respiratory Pathology Respiratory Pathology of Swineof Swine

Disclaimer: diseases described as occurring in US Disclaimer: diseases described as occurring in US with notations regarding Australian situationwith notations regarding Australian situation

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Pathology of Respiratory SystemPathology of Respiratory System

Upper Respiratory TractUpper Respiratory TractNonNon--infectious Diseaseinfectious Disease

Laryngeal edemaLaryngeal edemaPharyngitisPharyngitis

Infectious DiseasesInfectious DiseasesViral Viral

Inclusion body rhinitisInclusion body rhinitisSwine influenzaSwine influenza

Bacterial Bacterial Atrophic rhinitisAtrophic rhinitis

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

NonInfectiousNonInfectious DiseasesDiseases

PharyngitisPharyngitisPharyngeal Pharyngeal diverticulumdiverticulum predisposes to predisposes to lodgementlodgementof food particles e.g. barley awns, leading to of food particles e.g. barley awns, leading to inflammation and swallowing problemsinflammation and swallowing problemsIatrogenic trauma e.g. drenching gunIatrogenic trauma e.g. drenching gun

Laryngeal edema Laryngeal edema Allergic response to Allergic response to tatooingtatooing noted in Australianoted in Australia

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Inclusion Body RhinitisInclusion Body Rhinitis

Etiology: porcine cytomegalovirus (Etiology: porcine cytomegalovirus (herpesvirusherpesvirus))DiseaseDisease

Typically mild rhinitisTypically mild rhinitisHigh morbidity, low mortality unless High morbidity, low mortality unless immunosuppressedimmunosuppressed

PathologyPathologyNonsuppurativeNonsuppurative rhinitis with inclusion bodies (very rhinitis with inclusion bodies (very large, often in large, often in submucosalsubmucosal gland epithelium)gland epithelium)Can be typical systemic herpes viral disease if severeCan be typical systemic herpes viral disease if severe

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Inclusion Body RhinitisInclusion Body Rhinitis

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Atrophic RhinitisPorcine Atrophic Rhinitis

Common worldwide disease of pigsCommon worldwide disease of pigsImportant because of production lossesImportant because of production lossesEtiologyEtiology

BordetellaBordetella bronchisepticabronchisepticaToxigenicToxigenic PasteurellaPasteurella multocida multocida types A & Dtypes A & D

Questionable predisposing factors Questionable predisposing factors Viruses, other bacteria, genetics, environment, Viruses, other bacteria, genetics, environment, nutritionnutrition

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Atrophic RhinitisPorcine Atrophic Rhinitis

PathogenesisPathogenesisBordetellaBordetella bronchisepticabronchiseptica promotes colonization promotes colonization PasteurellaPasteurella multocidamultocida cytotoxincytotoxin ((dermatonecrosisdermatonecrosis toxin)toxin)

CytotoxinCytotoxin is plasmid associatedis plasmid associatedInhibits Inhibits osteoblastsosteoblasts and stimulates and stimulates osteoclastsosteoclastsCause liver injury experimentallyCause liver injury experimentally

Pathology Pathology Nonsuppurative rhinitisNonsuppurative rhinitisAtrophy of Atrophy of turbinatesturbinates ((osteopeniaosteopenia))Facial deformity may occurFacial deformity may occur

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Atrophic RhinitisPorcine Atrophic Rhinitis

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Atrophic RhinitisPorcine Atrophic Rhinitis

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Atrophic RhinitisAtrophic Rhinitis——Porcine Porcine

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Atrophic RhinitisPorcine Atrophic Rhinitis

Clinical signsClinical signsNot proportional to pathologyNot proportional to pathologySneezing, coughing, nasal dischargeSneezing, coughing, nasal dischargeObstruction of Obstruction of nasolacrimalnasolacrimal duct with crustingduct with crustingPoor weight gainPoor weight gain

DiagnosisDiagnosisClinically Clinically -- culturecultureAt necropsy At necropsy -- transverse section of snout between transverse section of snout between

premolars 1 and 2premolars 1 and 2

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Lower Respiratory TractLower Respiratory Tract

Non Infectious DiseasesNon Infectious DiseasesDevelopmental abnormalitiesDevelopmental abnormalitiesCirculatory diseaseCirculatory diseaseAspiration pneumoniaAspiration pneumonia

Infectious DiseasesInfectious DiseasesViralViralBacterialBacterial

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Developmental Lung AnomaliesDevelopmental Lung Anomalies

Accessory lungsAccessory lungsLung hypoplasia (primary or secondary)Lung hypoplasia (primary or secondary)Surfactant deficiencySurfactant deficiencyMelanosisMelanosis

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Developmental Lung AnomaliesDevelopmental Lung Anomalies

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Pulmonary EdemaPulmonary Edema

Edema with Edema with petechialpetechial hemorrhageshemorrhagesSepticemiasSepticemiasViral diseasesViral diseases

African swine fever (exotic disease)African swine fever (exotic disease)Chronic Chronic –– pleuritispleuritis and lobar pneumoniaand lobar pneumonia

Classical swine fever (hog cholera) Classical swine fever (hog cholera) –– exotic exotic diseasedisease

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Pulmonary EdemaPulmonary Edema

CardiogenicCardiogenic edemaedemaCommon cause of pulmonary edema in pigsCommon cause of pulmonary edema in pigs

Vitamin E/selenium defVitamin E/selenium def–– ““mulberry heart diseasemulberry heart disease””Fumonisin Fumonisin mycotoxinsmycotoxinsOther toxinsOther toxins

Damage to epithelium, endotheliumDamage to epithelium, endotheliumToxicant induced edemaToxicant induced edema

Inhalation Inhalation –– smoke, oxygen, ammoniasmoke, oxygen, ammoniaBlood borne Blood borne –– endotoxinendotoxin

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Pulmonary Edema Pulmonary Edema ––Pig Pig -- FumonisinFumonisin

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Aspiration PneumoniaAspiration Pneumonia

Etiology/predisposing factorsEtiology/predisposing factorsUnpelletedUnpelleted feeds feeds

Inhalation of vegetable materialInhalation of vegetable materialForeign body Foreign body granulomatousgranulomatous pneumoniapneumonia

Improper tubing (oil, medication)Improper tubing (oil, medication)Prenatal stress Prenatal stress –– amniotic fluid and amniotic fluid and meconiummeconium

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Infectious DiseaseInfectious Disease

Pneumonias are of great economic importance Pneumonias are of great economic importance in swinein swineImportant factors includeImportant factors include

Host e.g. age, genetics, immunityHost e.g. age, genetics, immunityInfectious agentInfectious agentEnvironment e.g. humidity, temperature, ammonia Environment e.g. humidity, temperature, ammonia concentrationconcentrationManagement practices e.g. crowding, mixing, Management practices e.g. crowding, mixing, nutrition, stressnutrition, stress

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

University of Illinois Veterinary University of Illinois Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Diagnostic Laboratory -- Porcine Porcine

Respiratory Disease WorkupRespiratory Disease Workup

Total charge Total charge -- $95$9511--4 animals4 animalsNecropsy and histopathologyNecropsy and histopathologyBacteriologic culture Bacteriologic culture –– lung, LN, etclung, LN, etc

ActinobacillusActinobacillus and and HaemophilusHaemophilus sppsppPCR for Salmonella, PRRS as neededPCR for Salmonella, PRRS as needed

Virus isolation Virus isolation –– lung, LN, trachealung, LN, tracheaPRRS, influenza (SIV), PRRS, influenza (SIV), pseudorabiespseudorabies and others as and others as neededneeded

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Respiratory Disease WorkupPorcine Respiratory Disease Workup

FA FA –– lung lung –– influenza, influenza, circoviruscircovirus, PRCV, PRCVPCR PCR –– lung lung –– M. M. hyopneumoniaehyopneumoniae, PRRS, PRRSIHC IHC –– SIV, PRRS, PCV if neededSIV, PRRS, PCV if neededSerologic examination Serologic examination –– not included in not included in standard packagestandard package

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Respiratory Viral DiseasesRespiratory Viral Diseases

CirocovirusCirocovirus--2 2 –– is full manifestation of is full manifestation of PostweaningPostweaningMultisystemicMultisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) present in Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) present in Australia??Australia??In Australia (isolated outbreaks)In Australia (isolated outbreaks)

MenangleMenangle virus (virus (paramyxovirusparamyxovirus–– pulmonary pulmonary hypoplasiahypoplasia//””butterflybutterfly”” lungslungsMyocarditisMyocarditis virus virus –– cardiac edema, cardiac edema, anasarcaanasarca

In US but NOT in AustraliaIn US but NOT in AustraliaPseudorabiesPseudorabies ((AujeskyAujesky’’ss disease) disease) Swine influenzaSwine influenzaPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)

In Asia but NOT in Australia In Asia but NOT in Australia --NipahNipah virus virus ((henipavirushenipavirus, subfamily , subfamily pneumovirinaepneumovirinae))

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

PseudorabiesPseudorabies ((AujeskyAujesky’’ss disease)disease)

Herpesvirus of swine primarilyHerpesvirus of swine primarilyRhinitis, bronchiolitis, interstitial pneumoniaRhinitis, bronchiolitis, interstitial pneumoniaPredisposes to bacterial infectionPredisposes to bacterial infectionProduction lossesProduction lossesAbortions, mummification, weak pigletsAbortions, mummification, weak pigletsEradication program in USAEradication program in USAReservoirs Reservoirs –– wild pigs, wildlife wild pigs, wildlife Dogs can also be affectedDogs can also be affected

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Viral AbortionsPorcine Viral Abortions

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

PseudorabiesPseudorabies

PathologyPathologyTypical Typical herpesvirusherpesvirus infectioninfectionPrimary pulmonaryPrimary pulmonary–– bronchointerstitialbronchointerstitial pneumoniapneumoniaOther organs Other organs –– brain, liver brain, liver –– especially if especially if immnunosuppressedimmnunosuppressed and in aborted fetuses.and in aborted fetuses.Necrosis and Necrosis and intranuclearintranuclear inclusion bodiesinclusion bodies

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

PseudorabiesPseudorabiesMultifocalMultifocal hepatic necrosis and pulmonary hepatic necrosis and pulmonary

hemorrhageshemorrhages

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

PseudorabiesPseudorabies –– LiverLiverMultifocalMultifocal hepatic necrosis hepatic necrosis

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Respiratory Disease Porcine Respiratory Disease ComplexComplex

Age 2Age 2--6 month old pigs6 month old pigsClinical diseaseClinical disease

Decreased growth and feed efficiencyDecreased growth and feed efficiencyAnorexia, feverAnorexia, feverCough and Cough and dyspneadyspnea

Multiple respiratory pathogensMultiple respiratory pathogensPRRSV, SIV and PRRSV, SIV and MycoplasmaMycoplasma spspPorcine Porcine circoviruscircovirus –– 2 (PC2 (PC--2) may play an important 2) may play an important rolerole

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

PostweaningPostweaning MultisystemicMultisystemic Wasting Wasting Syndrome (PMWS)Syndrome (PMWS)

New disease New disease –– progressive emaciation of weaned pigsprogressive emaciation of weaned pigsNorth America, Europe, New ZealandNorth America, Europe, New ZealandEtiology: porcine circovirusEtiology: porcine circovirus--2 (PC2 (PC--2) +2) +Important role of Important role of coinfectionscoinfections in pathogenesis (analysis of in pathogenesis (analysis of midwestmidwest US cases)US cases)

PCPC--2 alone (2%)2 alone (2%)PRRS virus, porcine parvovirus (51%)PRRS virus, porcine parvovirus (51%)MycoplasmaMycoplasma hyopneumoniaehyopneumoniae (36%)(36%)

PCPC--2 antigen high in 2 antigen high in hyperplastichyperplastic BALTBALT

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

PostweaningPostweaning MultisystemicMultisystemic Wasting Wasting Syndrome (PMWS)Syndrome (PMWS)

Clinical diseaseClinical diseasePoor body conditionPoor body conditionEnlarged lymph nodesEnlarged lymph nodesDyspneaDyspnea

PathologyPathologyLymphoid depletionLymphoid depletionGranulomatousGranulomatous lymphadenitis with multinucleated lymphadenitis with multinucleated syncytialsyncytialcellscellsPCPC--2 antigen in lymphoid tissues 2 antigen in lymphoid tissues –– PCR, IHCPCR, IHCInterstitial pneumoniaInterstitial pneumoniaSecondary Secondary PneumocystisPneumocystis cariniicarinii infection possibleinfection possibleBasophilic Basophilic botryoidbotryoid ICIB in macrophages systemically ICIB in macrophages systemically

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

PMWS PMWS –– Lymph NodeLymph NodeLymphoid tissue replaced by macrophagesLymphoid tissue replaced by macrophages

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Respiratory Disease ComplexPorcine Respiratory Disease Complexwithwith BordetellaBordetella bronchisepticabronchiseptica

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Respiratory Disease ComplexPorcine Respiratory Disease Complexwithwith BordetellaBordetella bronchisepticabronchiseptica

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Respiratory Disease ComplexPorcine Respiratory Disease ComplexCircovirusCircovirus--2 IHC2 IHC

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

PneumocystosisPneumocystosis Secondary to PWMSSecondary to PWMS

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Swine InfluenzaSwine Influenza

OrthomyxovirusOrthomyxovirus, Type A, Type AEnzootic worldwideEnzootic worldwideZoonoticZoonotic --cause of human influenza pandemic during cause of human influenza pandemic during WW IWW ITransmissionTransmission

Aerosols and oral routesAerosols and oral routesVia lungworms and earth wormsVia lungworms and earth worms

Disease Disease –– high morbidity, low mortality unless secondary high morbidity, low mortality unless secondary bacterial infection bacterial infection

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Swine InfluenzaSwine Influenza

Clinical signsClinical signsFever, cough, oculoFever, cough, oculo--nasal dischargenasal dischargeWeight loss, abortions, weak pigletsWeight loss, abortions, weak piglets

PathologyPathologyMucopurulent exudate in airwaysMucopurulent exudate in airwaysNecrotizing Necrotizing bronchobroncho--interstitial pneumonia interstitial pneumonia MultifocalMultifocal atelectasis (checkerboard pattern)atelectasis (checkerboard pattern)+/+/-- AnteroventralAnteroventral bronchopneumoniabronchopneumonia

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Swine InfluenzaSwine Influenza

DiagnosisDiagnosisNasal secretions Nasal secretions ––PCR PCR Tissue Tissue –– viral antigen viral antigen in infected epithelial in infected epithelial cells cells –– IHC IHC

SIV IHC in porcine SIV IHC in porcine respiratory disease respiratory disease complex (right)complex (right)

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Reproductive and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)

ArterivirusArterivirusMajor problem in Americas, Europe, AsiaMajor problem in Americas, Europe, AsiaTransmission Transmission –– aerosol, semenaerosol, semenDisease Disease

Respiratory in young pigsRespiratory in young pigsReproductive Reproductive –– late term abortions and still birthslate term abortions and still births

Clinical signs Clinical signs –– anorexia, anorexia, dyspneadyspnea (cyanosis if severe), (cyanosis if severe), cough and occasional deathcough and occasional death

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Reproductive and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory SyndromeRespiratory Syndrome

Pathogenesis Pathogenesis –– mucosal entry, replication in mucosal entry, replication in macrophages, apoptosis, followed by macrophages, apoptosis, followed by viremiaviremia

Persistent infection with shedding via semenPersistent infection with shedding via semen

Pathology: interstitial pneumonia with prominent Pathology: interstitial pneumonia with prominent macrophage componentmacrophage component

Secondary Secondary PneumocystisPneumocystis cariniicarinii infection possibleinfection possibleEnlarged regional lymph nodesEnlarged regional lymph nodes

Diagnosis in tissue Diagnosis in tissue –– PCR, IHCPCR, IHC

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

PRRS IHCPRRS IHC in Porcine Respiratory in Porcine Respiratory Disease ComplexDisease Complex

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Bacterial Pneumonia in SwineBacterial Pneumonia in Swine

MycoplasmaMycoplasma hyopneumoniaehyopneumoniaePasteurella multocida Pasteurella multocida ActinobacillusActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaepleuropneumoniaeBordetella bronchisepticaBordetella bronchisepticaSalmonella spp.Salmonella spp.Streptococcus Streptococcus suissuisHemophilus Hemophilus parasuisparasuisMycobacterium spMycobacterium spArcanobacteriumArcanobacterium ((CorynebacteriumCorynebacterium) ) pyogenespyogenes

secondary invader onlysecondary invader only

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

BronchopneumoniaBronchopneumonia

Common sequelaeCommon sequelaeDeath (hypoxemia, toxemia)Death (hypoxemia, toxemia)SepticemiaSepticemiaPleuritisPleuritis, pleural adhesions, pleural adhesionsChronic bronchopneumoniaChronic bronchopneumoniaAbscessesAbscessesMultifocalMultifocal atelectasisatelectasis

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

PleuritisPleuritis following following BronchopneumoniaBronchopneumonia

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

MycoplasmaMycoplasma hyopneumoniaehyopneumoniae

Porcine enzootic pneumoniaPorcine enzootic pneumoniaMost economically significant respiratory disease Most economically significant respiratory disease in swine worldwidein swine worldwideHigh morbidity, low mortality, poor doingHigh morbidity, low mortality, poor doingPredisposed by environment and management Predisposed by environment and management Predisposes to secondary infection by other Predisposes to secondary infection by other bacteria by effect on bacteria by effect on mucociliarymucociliary clearanceclearance

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

MycoplasmaMycoplasmahyopneumoniaehyopneumoniae

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

MycoplasmaMycoplasma hyopneumoniaehyopneumoniaeLymphoid hyperplasia and bronchitisLymphoid hyperplasia and bronchitis

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

MycoplasmaMycoplasma hyopneumoniaehyopneumoniae

Gross PathologyGross PathologyAnteroventralAnteroventral bronchopneumoniabronchopneumoniaOften lobular pattern of consolidation and Often lobular pattern of consolidation and atelectasisatelectasisPlum colored to grey (chronic)Plum colored to grey (chronic)

HistopatholgyHistopatholgyBronchointerstitialBronchointerstitial pneumoniapneumoniaMultifocalMultifocal atelectasisatelectasisHyperplasia of BALTHyperplasia of BALT

Often secondary bacterial bronchopneumoniaOften secondary bacterial bronchopneumonia

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

MycoplasmaMycoplasma hyopneumoniaehyopneumoniae

DiagnosisDiagnosisHistopathologyHistopathologyPCR and IHCPCR and IHCCulture difficultCulture difficult

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Pneumonic Porcine Pneumonic PasteurellosisPasteurellosis

PasteurellaPasteurella multocidamultocida types A and D are normal types A and D are normal porcine nasal floraporcine nasal floraDiseaseDisease

Chronic bronchopneumonia secondary to other Chronic bronchopneumonia secondary to other infectionsinfectionsFulminating Fulminating fibrinousfibrinous bronchopneumoniabronchopneumonia

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine PleuropneumoniaPorcine PleuropneumoniaHighly contagious worldwide disease of pigsHighly contagious worldwide disease of pigsEtiology: Etiology: Actinobacillus (Actinobacillus (HaemophilusHaemophilus) ) pleuropneumoniaepleuropneumoniae

Often primary pathogenOften primary pathogen12 serotypes12 serotypes

Age Age -- 22--6 months 6 months DiseaseDisease

Peracute: deathPeracute: deathAcute: fever, dyspnea, blood from nose and mouthAcute: fever, dyspnea, blood from nose and mouthChronic: coughingChronic: coughingOccasionally septicemia, Occasionally septicemia, otitisotitis media or media or internainterna

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine PleuropneumoniaPorcine Pleuropneumonia

Pathogenesis similar to Pathogenesis similar to M. M. hemolyticahemolyticaTransmission by respiratory routeTransmission by respiratory routePersists in tonsilPersists in tonsilVirulence factorsVirulence factorsCauses capillary and alveolar damageCauses capillary and alveolar damage

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Porcine PleuropneumoniaPleuropneumonia

Acute diseaseAcute diseaseGross pathologyGross pathology

FibrinousFibrinous and hemorrhagic and hemorrhagic pleuropneumoniapleuropneumoniaDiffuse or Diffuse or caudodorsalcaudodorsal distribution as opposed to distribution as opposed to anteroventralanteroventral distribution to othersdistribution to others

Histopathology Histopathology –– similar to similar to M. M. hemolyticahemolytica in cattlein cattleBronchopneumoniaBronchopneumoniaCoagulativeCoagulative necrosis and hemorrhagenecrosis and hemorrhageStreaming leukocytesStreaming leukocytesFibrinousFibrinous pleuritispleuritis

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Porcine PleuropneumoniaPleuropneumonia

Diffuse hemorrhagic Diffuse hemorrhagic pneumonia with pneumonia with pleuritispleuritis

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Porcine PleuropneumoniaPleuropneumoniaBronchopneumoniaBronchopneumonia

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Porcine PleuropneumoniaPleuropneumoniaNecrotizing lesion with fibrinNecrotizing lesion with fibrin

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine PleuropneumoniaPorcine Pleuropneumonia

Pathology of chronic diseasePathology of chronic diseaseMultiple pulmonary abscessesMultiple pulmonary abscessesSequestraSequestra

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Other Bacterial PneumoniasOther Bacterial Pneumonias

HaemophilusHaemophilus parasuisparasuisImportant in Australia in medicated early weaning Important in Australia in medicated early weaning programs, programs, ecosheltersecosheltersCarried in Carried in nasopharynxnasopharynxVarious serotypesVarious serotypesGlasserGlasser’’ss diseasedisease

PolyserositisPolyserositisInterstitial pneumoniaInterstitial pneumonia

SuppurativeSuppurative bronchopneumoniabronchopneumonia

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Other Bacterial PneumoniasOther Bacterial Pneumonias

Salmonella, Salmonella, E.coliE.coli, , ListeriaListeria sppspp –– in very youngin very youngSepticemia with interstitial pneumoniaSepticemia with interstitial pneumoniaOccasionally bronchopneumonia with Occasionally bronchopneumonia with SalmonellaSalmonella sppspp

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Interstitial Pneumonia due to Interstitial Pneumonia due to SalmonellaSalmonella

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Streptococcal PneumoniaStreptococcal Pneumonia

Streptococcus Streptococcus suissuis type II type II –– various serotypesvarious serotypesWorldwide distributionWorldwide distributionZoonoticZoonoticDiseasesDiseases

SuppurativeSuppurative bronchopneumonia especially with bronchopneumonia especially with other pathogensother pathogensNeonatal septicemia with embolic pneumoniaNeonatal septicemia with embolic pneumoniaAbortionAbortion

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Pasteurella/BordetellaPasteurella/Bordetella——Pig Pig

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

MycobacterialMycobacterial InfectionInfection

Still occurring in USAStill occurring in USAM. M. aviumavium--intracellulareintracellulare complexcomplexExposure by ingestion, Exposure by ingestion, hematogenoushematogenous spreadspreadLung rarely involvedLung rarely involved

Pulmonary Pulmonary granulomasgranulomas

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Embolic Pneumonia Embolic Pneumonia -- Vegetative Vegetative EndocarditisEndocarditis——Porcine Porcine

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

MycoticMycotic and and ProtozoalProtozoal DiseasesDiseases

Generally in Generally in immunosuppressedimmunosuppressed pigspigsPneumocystisPneumocystis cariniicarinii

Generally secondary to viral diseasesGenerally secondary to viral diseasesFoamy material in alveoliFoamy material in alveoliGMS stain needed GMS stain needed

ToxoplasmosisToxoplasmosis –– T. T. gondiigondiiCat is definitive hostCat is definitive hostZoonosisZoonosis

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

ToxoplasmosisToxoplasmosisMultifocalMultifocal pulmonary pulmonary granulomasgranulomas

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Parasitic DiseasesParasitic DiseasesAscarisAscaris suumsuum

Larvae migrate thru lungLarvae migrate thru lungAcutely may see Acutely may see petechialpetechial hemorrhageshemorrhagesCause inflammation and Cause inflammation and granulomasgranulomas

Lungworms (bronchi, bronchioles)Lungworms (bronchi, bronchioles)Worldwide distributionWorldwide distributionMetastrongylusMetastrongylus apriapri ((elongatuselongatus), M. ), M. salmisalmi, M. , M. pudendotectuspudendotectusIntermediate hosts are earthwormsIntermediate hosts are earthwormsMay transmit swine influenza virusMay transmit swine influenza virusCough and growth retardationCough and growth retardationPathologyPathology

Nodules, especially Nodules, especially dorsocaudallydorsocaudally

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Toxic DiseasesToxic Diseases

FumonsinsFumonsinsPPE PPE –– porcine pulmonary edemaporcine pulmonary edema

PyrrolizidinePyrrolizidine alkaloidsalkaloidsInterstitial pneumoniaInterstitial pneumonia

Vitamin D Vitamin D toxicosistoxicosisMineralization with multinucleated giant cellsMineralization with multinucleated giant cells

WarfarinWarfarin toxicity (rat bait)toxicity (rat bait)MultifocalMultifocal hemorrhageshemorrhages

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Toxic DiseasesToxic Diseases

FumonsinsFumonsinsMycotoxinsMycotoxins produced by produced by FusariumFusarium verticillioidesverticillioides((moniliformemoniliforme) and other fungi) and other fungiPresent in corn worldwidePresent in corn worldwideHepatic injury in all speciesHepatic injury in all speciesLeukoencephalomalaciaLeukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) in horses, most (ELEM) in horses, most sensitive species (< 5 sensitive species (< 5 ppmppm))Pulmonary edema (Pulmonary edema (cardiogeniccardiogenic) in pigs (<50 ) in pigs (<50 ppmppm))Epidemiologically Epidemiologically –– neural tube defects and neural tube defects and esophageal cancer in humansesophageal cancer in humans

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Porcine Porcine Pulmonary Pulmonary

Edema (PPE) Edema (PPE) ––Fumonisin Fumonisin ToxicosisToxicosis

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

PyrrolizidinePyrrolizidine Alkaloid Alkaloid ToxicosesToxicoses

PyrrolizidinePyrrolizidine alkaloids alkaloids ((CrotalariaCrotalaria spectabilisspectabilis, , C. C. retusaretusa, , -- both contain both contain monocrotalinemonocrotaline))

Reported in S. Africa, Reported in S. Africa, Northern Territory Northern Territory (contaminant in grain (contaminant in grain sorghum diet) sorghum diet) Interstitial pneumonia Interstitial pneumonia with/without with/without megalocytosismegalocytosisAlso liver and kidney Also liver and kidney lesions with lesions with megalocytosismegalocytosis

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

HypervitaminosisHypervitaminosis DDMineralization and Mineralization and syncytialsyncytial cellcell

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

WarfarinWarfarinToxicity Toxicity --

HematomasHematomas

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED