2/3/2014

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Inholland

Research proposal

Project Group 3:- Jolien Vijn- Kexin Feng- Aurora Beyel- Job Spits- Marta Stadnik- Lisa Zuidam

Iris Hes – ter Telgte

Table of contents

Chapter 1 Introduction................................................................................................................3

Chapter 1.1 General background of Volendam.................................................................3

Chapter 1.2 Reason for research..........................................................................................3

Chapter 1.3 Problem statement.............................................................................................4

Chapter 1.4 The objective.......................................................................................................4

Chapter 1.5 Relevance............................................................................................................4

Chapter 1.6 Limitations...........................................................................................................4

Chapter 1.7 Reading guide.....................................................................................................5

Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework............................................................................................6

Chapter 2.1 Theories................................................................................................................6

Chapter 2.2 Models..................................................................................................................6

Chapter 3 Research questions...............................................................................................10

Chapter 4 Methodology............................................................................................................11

Chapter 4.1 Explanation of data sources..........................................................................11

Chapter 4.2 Any selection criteria used............................................................................11

Chapter 4.3 Limitations of the research............................................................................12

Chapter 4.4 Description of data collection methods and rationale............................12

Chapter 4.5 Procedures.......................................................................................................13

Chapter 4.6 Number of interviewers.................................................................................13

Chapter 4.7 Observers.........................................................................................................14

Chapter 5 Timeframe.................................................................................................................15

Chapter 6 Bibliography.............................................................................................................16

Appendix...........................................................................................................................................17

Appendixes 1 In depth interview preparation sheet........................................................17

Appendix 2 Possible entrepreneurs to be interviewed.................................................18

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Chapter 1 Introduction

This chapter will give an introduction of the research. There will be explained what kind of research will be done, who the commissioning client is and the objective of the research will be given.

Chapter 1.1 General background of Volendam

When speaking of the Netherlands and its world famous characteristics, Volendam frequently pops up in the conversation. That is because Volendam not only represents a lot of the authentic Dutch ways of living, it is also often seen as the big example of what traditions and customs the Netherlands have (Volendamse Klederdracht, sd). One of the most widely known symbols of the Dutch culture originates from Volendam, namely the costumes. Distinctive long and wide dresses for the ladies go with typical hats, called a hul. Men are usually dressed with barely ornated black costumes, topped off with a small scarf and a simple hat.

Throughout time, by using these characteristics in promoting this traditional side of the Netherlands, these costumes became the most important unique selling point of Volendam.But not only are the costumes typical to Volendam. Music forms a big part of their culture, as well as fishing. When it comes to fishing, the people of Volendam tend to specialize themselves smoking eel, something not seen much in the world.

It’s these things that make Volendam such a special, multi-faceted village. There is no doubt about the fact that all these interesting details somehow find their way to foreigners. As early as the 19th century, people have been visiting Volendam with cultural and touristic purposes(Volendamse Klederdracht, sd). Experiencing the specialties of the village and passing on this information actually gave way to a big market for Volendam. In 2008, the number of annual touristic visitors in Volendam was measured at more than two million (Runderkamp, 2008). That is a lot for a village with less than 22000 inhabitants (Gemeente Volendam, 2013). The biggest part, about 60%, actually still comes from the Netherlands. The other approximately 800.000 visitors per year are foreign tourists, mostly from Germany and Spain (Hodes, Querl, & Geerdink, 2011).

Wim Runderkamp, former councillor of Edam and Volendam, said in 2008 that there are plans being developed to make Volendam even more successful in the tourism industry (Runderkamp, 2008). The city council has different ideas on how to improve their touristic situation, including the enhancement of basic facilities and the infrastructure – like the accessibility of ‘the Dike’ –, achieving a higher quality of public spaces and increasing the number of parking lots (Hodes, Querl, & Geerdink, 2011).

Chapter 1.2 Reason for research

Besides obvious benefits of the planned increase in tourism, like bigger revenue, there are downsides to this idea. That accounts for one of the most important terms for this research is authenticity. Although a familiar term for many, it is hard to give a simple explanation. Carol J. Steiner and Yvette Reisinger make it a little more comprehensible by dividing it into two different senses: ‘ [1] authenticity as genuineness or realness of artefacts or events, and also as a [2] human attribute signifying being one’s true self or being true to one’s essential nature (Steiner & Reisinger, 2006, p. 299).’

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The focus during this research will actually be on both of these parts of the definition. The overall authenticity of Volendam needs to be looked at – [1] –, but on the other hand the local entrepreneurs of Volendam and their backgrounds – [2] – will be very important too.

What might help to further understand the term authenticity – when related to tourism – are these two important expressions: front stage and back stage. As explained by Master of Business graduate Matt Ulinski, ‘Front stage are the areas manipulated and managed to accommodate tourists (Ulinski, 2011).’ In this case, what does Volendam present to its visitors and how does it do that? The opposite would be back stage, explained as ‘where the private everyday life of local residents is given priority (Ulinski, 2011)’. In other words, what are the unadulterated cultural, social and traditional features of the local residents?

Chapter 1.3 Problem statement

Tourism can be a difficult factor when it comes to front stage. It is imaginable that, due to the economic and social power tourism has, increasing the number of tourists – and thus increasing the power of tourism – might affect the overall authenticity. For example, it could be interesting to make a small adjustment in the presentation of a certain touristic product or service, so that the revenue of that product or service will presumably grow. This alluring modification of the realness of touristic facets is the exactly the same as a change in the front stage. That causes the gap between front stage and back stage to become larger. As a result the genuine face of tourism fades, or even disappears from the scene.

Chapter 1.4 The objective

More than any other tourist destination, the authenticity of Volendam – with its great and highly influencing traditions – is susceptible of these falsities. And that is the reason why this research will be conducted. There will be examined what the perception is of the local entrepreneurs about the impact of the incoming tourism on the authenticity of Volendam. Then there can be considered how the local entrepreneurs can contribute to maintain the authenticity of Volendam.

This will be examined with an explanatory research. Explanatory research is used when it isn’t clear what the problem is or it isn’t been clearly defined. With this research will be determined if there is a problem with the authenticity of Volendam, so action can be taken to maintain the authenticity of Volendam, might this be needed.

The objective that will help with the research is as follows:

To gain insight into the perception of the local entrepreneurs about the impact of the incoming tourism on the authenticity of Volendam, in order to see how the local entrepreneurs can contribute to maintain the authenticity of Volendam.

In order to obtain the results there will be held interviews with different local entrepreneurs.

Chapter 1.5 Relevance

This research is relevant for the local entrepreneurs of Volendam. With this research the local entrepreneurs know what they have to do to maintain the authenticity of Volendam. The reason why this is important to know for the local entrepreneurs is that the authenticity plays a big role in attracting tourism to Volendam. So when the local entrepreneurs know how they can contribute to maintain the authenticity of Volendam, they can continue to attract the tourists.

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Chapter 1.6 Limitations

There are a few limitations during this project. The project group will focus on the local entrepreneurs of Volendam. The interviews will be done with different kind of local entrepreneurs, for example hotels and restaurants. The language is also one of the limitations of our research. The people in Volendam speak Dutch, so it will be hard to get the right answers from the local entrepreneurs.Lisa, I think you might want to update this. The limitations in the methodology part will describe how things like language, money and time can influence the project. I think the limitations in the introduction means what things we will not do research on. Let’s see what Miranda or Iris says about it maybe.

Chapter 1.7 Reading guide

After the introduction the theoretical framework will be explained in chapter 2. In the theoretical framework will be described which theories and models are going to be used during the research. In chapter 3, the central question and the sub-questions will be described. Chapter 4 will discuss the research method. This describes what kind of research might be done and how the research will be carried out. Chapter 5 shows the schedule, it indicates when and where the research will take place. There will also be described how the results will be processed. The last chapter, chapter 6, will show the bibliography where our different kind of sources can be found.

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Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework

The theories, models and scientific articles, which our project group possibly can use to carry out the authenticity research, will be explained in this chapter. The relationship between each model, theory or article and the sub questions will be described.

Chapter 2.1 Theories

Since authenticity is becoming more and more important, our project group would like to know what the authenticity of Volendam, according to the local entrepreneurs, means. Since we are investigating and focusing on the authenticity of Volendam, it is relevant to be aware of the significance of the word ‘authenticity’. According to the van Dale, that word has two meanings, – [1] – “Similar to the original” and – [2] – “It is real and therefore trustworthy” (the right way to refer to the source would be: (van Dale, 2006)). According to the UNBC (2008), the authenticity comes in two forms, in ‘goods’ and in ‘experiences’ (the right way to refer to the source would be: (UNBC (or even better, the writer), 2008)) . Goods are the things that can be bought and are physical. An experience is something you know because you have seen or done it by yourself.

Dean MacCannell, cultural critic and professor of landscape architecture, was the first person who came up with the concept of authenticity in the early 70’s (referring to the source?). He defined the following terms:

Subjective authenticity: the authenticity experienced by tourist;

Objective authenticity: authenticity of the site or attraction;

Front stage: is the most outer layer of the cultural heritage full of symbols and meanings visible by the tourists. It refers to the above-mentioned subjective authenticity;

Back stage: is the real sphere of the cultural heritage, which is not accessible easily by the audience (tourists). It refers to the objective authenticity;

Staged authenticity: the one which is experienced by tourists as a consequence of lack of the knowledge and expertise of the culture, which they encounter what prohibits them from penetrating the backstage of the community authentic culture (Book: “The Tourist” Dean MacCannell 1976).

Chapter 2.2 Models

- There are three different types of authenticity in the tourism experience by Wang (referring to the source?), namely:

Object related authenticity Activity related authenticity

Object authenticity: refers to the authenticity of originals. Correspondingly, authentic experiences in tourism are equated to an epistemological experience (i.e., cognition of the authenticity of original).

Existential authenticity: refers to a potential existential state of being that is to be activated by tourism activities. Correspondingly, authentic experiences in tourism are to achieve this activated existential state of Being within the luminal process of tourism. Existential authenticity can have nothing to do with the

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authenticity of the toured object.

Constructive (symbolic) authenticity: refers to the object by tourists or tourism producers in terms of their imagery, expectations, preferences, believes, powers, etc. there are various versions of authenticities regarding the same objects. Correspondingly, authentic experiences in tourism and the authenticity of toured objects are constitutive of one another. In this sense, the authenticity of toured object is in fact symbolic authenticity

Figure 1: Wang ́s taxonomy of three different types of authenticity in the tourism experience (referring to the source?)

- Authenticity forms Pine and Gilmore (referring to the source?)This model can be used to place the authenticity of Volendam in one of the five types of authenticity forms. Pine and Gilmore distinguish five different types of authenticity, namely:

1. Natural authenticity: When it is in its natural state and not by human hands touched. It should be as unprocessed as possible and it is not artificial.

2. Original authenticity: When something is an original design, the first of its kind and has never been seen by human eyes. It is neither a copy nor a mass product and it is something innovative that is discovered by someone.

3. Referential authenticity: When a product or activity refers to another context of history, for example a place, person of event and appeals to common desires and memories.

4. Exceptional authenticity: When something is exceptionally well done and if there is human involvement and sensitivity.

5. Influential authenticity: When it has a positive influence on people and their behaviour. It must be something that has meaning and leads to certain consequences.

- Brand- experience model Pine and Gilmore (referring to the source?)The brand-experience model from Pine and Gilmore includes four domains: the entertainment, educational, esthetical and escapist domain. Besides the four domains, you also have the passive participation, active participation, absorption and immersion. The model helps you with creating a world with experiences and our project group can use it to see what Volendam does to create an experience in Volendam. The active participation is about the fact that the consumer has a personal influence on the perception of an experience. In contrast, the passive participation is where the consumer can’t have a personal influence on it. Absorption is that there is attention drawn, so that the person is taking the experience in itself. Immersion means that the person becomes physically or virtually part of the experience.

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Figure 2: Brand- Experience Model by Pine & Gilmore

- Levels of cultural penetration model

Figure 3: Levels of Cultural Penetration based on theories of Cohen (1988), Book: Tourism Principles and Practice, Cooper, 4th Edtion,p. 202-203

Good, this is referring, but still not in the right way (Cooper, 1988). Page number is only when citing someone.

In the model above the risk of the staged authenticity is being presented. Three areas were defined according to the model:

1. Previous level of tourist penetration in the host culture2. New level of cultural penetration that is considered to be authentic by the tourist, but is, in fact, stage authenticity.3.The true cultural heritage of the host society that maintains its integrity by keeping tourists on the other side of the firewall curtain.

This model would be useful in case of measuring to which extend local tourist can invade the authenticity of the local offerings, provided by the Volendam entrepreneurs.

- Real- Fake Matrix model (referring to the source?)This model will be used to measure the relation between the front and back stage authenticity in order to find out the gap, which is between them.

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Figure 4: Real Fake Matrix model by Pine and Gilmore

- The SWOT-model (referring to the source?)

With this model our project group will focus on the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Volendam. Our project group will research which elements of Volendam are, according to the local entrepreneurs, strength, weakness, opportunity or a threat.

Strength: What is the strength of Volendam?Weaknesses: What are the weaknesses of Volendam?Opportunities: What are the opportunities for Volendam in the future?Threats: Which threats are relevant for Volendam?

Figure5: SWOT-analysis model

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Chapter 3 Research questions

In this chapter will be given the main question and the sub questions. The results of these questions will give an answer to the objective.

The main question is as follows:

What is the perception of the local entrepreneurs about the impact of the incoming Tourism on the authenticity of Volendam and how can this possibly be improved in the future?

The sub questions are as follow:- What does authenticity of Volendam means?- How do the local entrepreneurs think they can contribute to authenticity? - To what extend do the front stage and back stage differ from each other?- How do the local entrepreneurs think the authenticity of Volendam will develop in the

future?

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Chapter 4 Methodology

Chapter 4.1 Explanation of data sources

First of all, the research group did some desk research and field research about the city Volendam to get some first impression by not going there in person. Then the entire research group member decided to do interviews and observations as a data source of our project. The reason that this method is chosen to do interview is that they can help us to gather valid and reliable data that are relevant to our research questions and objectives. In reality, the research interview is a general term for several types of interview. The research group is going to use semi-structured interview, which are “non-standardised”. These are often referred to as “qualitative research interviews”. By doing the semi-structured interviews, the team will have a list of themes and questions to be covered which may vary from interview to interview.

Observation is a somewhat neglected aspect of research. Yet, it can be rewarding and enlightening to pursue and, what is more, add considerably to the richness of the research data. It can even be fun, as the introductory example illustrates. As the research questions and objectives are concerned with what local people do, an obvious way in which to discover this is to watch them do it. This is essentially what observation involves: the systematic observation, recording, description, analysis and interpretation of people’s behaviour. Is this copied and pasted from some book?

Chapter 4.2 Any selection criteria used

The research group is going to interview the local entrepreneurs to ask them about our objectives and sub questions in order to know their opinions as they work in tourism and they are also part of the community.

Tourist centres:

http://hollandtour.org/volendam-tourist-information-center-volendam.html

http://www.vvv-volendam.nl/nl/

VVV-volendam, they have the direct information about the tourism in Volendam.

www.volendamevents.nl

Volendam Events as they provide and organize different travel activities for the tourists.

Fishing companies & (eel) restaurants

http://www.smitbokkum.nl/

http://www.volendamtoer.nl/panoramas/d/de-vissers-van-oud-volendam#41044|-166.140|2.340|80.0|52.492949|5.075426 One or more of the fishing boats in the harbour. These entrepreneurs might be useful!

Hotels & hostels

http://www.olddutch.nl/

Miscellaneous

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http://www.markenexpress.nl/

http://www.fotostudiokissfish.nl/

http://www.vvv-volendam.nl/nl/activiteiten/foto-in-kostuum/fotoshop-volendam1/

Stitching Tourist Promotion Volendam

http://www.dagjevolendam.nl/

http://www.volendamsmuseum.nl/

http://www.cheesefactoryvolendam.com/

Chapter 4.3 Limitations of the research

There are some limitations for the research such as the language, time limit and also as a student identity. The research group can just go to Volendam in person for twice because of this, the questions have to be decided before even going there, so it is hard to get a first impression just from desk research. And then some of the group member they don’t speak Dutch. In this case they have met some difficulties during the interview and reading Dutch articles. As a student not resident in Volendam, some group member don’t really feel the tradition and cultures in Volendam so the team have to do many researches in order to have a full version of this city.

Chapter 4.4 Description of data collection methods and rationale

To plan the data collection and to collect data, one or more methods will be used:− Sampling − Secondary data− Observation− Semi-structured, in depth and group interviews− Questionnaires

Then, to analyse data it’s necessary to use one or both of: - Quantitative methods, by doing surveys

A quantitative research is about numerical data more than narrative data. This approach consists of gathering mainly primary data through field research.

− Qualitative methods, by doing interviews

The qualitative approach consists of the collection of secondary data through mainly desk research

In fact, both quantitative and qualitative data have been and will be collected during this study.

Primary data is data that has been found for this research. Secondary data is data that already has been found or analysed for any other research (Saunders et al., 2009) perfect!. There are two ways to provide in desk research: (1) “providing background materials for primary research” and (2) “providing an alternative to do primary research” (Kent, 1993).

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The validity and reliability of collection methods for survey data will be easier to assess when it has a clear explanation of the techniques used to collect the data.

This needs to include a clear explanation of any sampling techniques used and response rates as well as a copy of the survey instrument, which in this case, will be some interviews.

The study has been therefore moving towards the elaboration of some interviews. Interviews may be highly formalised and structured, using standardised questions for each research participant (often called a respondent), or they may be informal and unstructured conversations.

In between there are intermediate positions. One typology that is commonly used is thus related to the level of formality and structure, whereby interviews may be categorised as one of:• Structured interviews;• Semi-structured interviews;• Unstructured or in-depth interviews.

Structured interviews use questionnaires based on a predetermined and ‘standardised’ set of questions, so the study will not be about this kind of interviews because its research category is more exploratory than explanatory.

By comparison, the types: semi-structured and in-depth (unstructured) interviews are ‘non- standardised’. These are often referred to as ‘qualitative research interviews’ (King, 2004).

In semi-structured interviews the researcher will have a list of themes and questions to be covered, although these may vary from interview to interview.

The order of questions will also be varied depending on the flow of the conversation. On the other hand, additional questions may be required to explore our research question and objectives given the nature of events within particular organisations.

Therefore, the study will probably not use unstructured interviews because it does not correspond to our way to do because in this situation, there is no predetermined list of questions to work through, although it’s necessary to have a clear idea about the aspect or aspects that you want to explore. The interviewee is given the opportunity to talk freely about events, behaviour and beliefs in relation to the topic area, so that this type of interaction is sometimes called ‘non-directive’. We could think about using it too.

To make a non-standardised interview, it will be needed to interview people one to one, thanks to:

- Face-to-face interviews - Telephone interviews - Internet and intranet-mediated (electronic) interviews

To make a non-standardised interview, it also may be needed to interview people one to many, by organizing:

− Group interviews − Internet and intranet-mediated (electronic) interviews and then, focusing the group

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Chapter 4.5 Procedures

To develop the study questions for the interviews to the entrepreneurs, the report will focus on its objective, its main question and most of all its sub-questions.

To achieve the study goal, trying to answer the possible issue of Volendam, the study takes for granted that it shall have to choose the rights questions and they have to be opened.

Dialogue, between the interviewee and the study team will need to be established. Questions have to be opened and create a conversation in which the interviewee is invited to share his or her views and opinions.

Chapter 4.6 Number of interviewers

Concerning the number of interviewers, we would like to interview at least 10 persons face to face, by going in Volendam as a minimum as two times.

Since there are a bunch of us, exactly six, it will be not a problem to dividing the tasks between us in an attempt to be more productive, efficient and to realise our wishes, after we will have set the schedules of the interviews.

Chapter 4.7 Observers

When the study team will go to discover and visit Volendam, especially its population and the local entrepreneurs, they will be six to observe different places, for example, where tourists go and how authenticity is represented.

By observing, then the team report will be able to interpret the facts and situations they will see by themselves, in their proper way of thinking.

Without asking anything, it will may also perceive the impact of the tourism on the authenticity of Volendam and imagine a future situation that may preserved this authenticity.

But it is conceivable that only notice in watching tourists or locals might be not the ‘truth’ because that must affect the personal perception.

This lead the team inevitably to the conclusion that it have to be careful in deducing correctly the things it will see.

Financial meansRegarding the current finance and costs aspect, the team of the study will spend, at least to times before going with the classmates, the cost of a train ticket to go to the train station ‘Amsterdam Centraal’ from the stop called ‘Overveen’ near to the Inholland University. Then it will be necessary to take a bus for reaching Volendam from Amsterdam.It certainly is the main costs the working team will have to spend to go there for the researches.

Infrastructure (computer software/ hardware)

To accomplish the study objective, a lot of infrastructures will be needed, such as:- Personal computers or the Inholland University’s computers- Recorders, in order to facilitate the record of the interviews instead of writing

everything during the act but after thanks to the records

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- Flip cameras, if the interviews agree to be filmed. It could be an added value for report project and very interesting, in order to analyse their expressions or their attitude for example.

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Document Date Week Time TeacherOur first group Excursion to Volendam – Observations and interviews

12 March 2014Wednesday

6 In the morning No

Working individually on the different parts of the Research Report

From 12 March 14Wednesday

6 - No

Collection and analysis of the data from the excursion

By 14 March 2014Friday

6 6:00 PM No

Excursion of groups 1 and 2

18 March 2014Wednesday

7 8:30 – 17:00 Miranda van Dam

Our second group Excursion to Volendam – Observations and interviews

19 March 2014Wednesday

7 In the morning No

Deadline of the first version/parts of the Research Report

20 March 14Thursday

7 6:00 PM No

Collection and analysis of the data from the excursion

22 March 14Saturday

7 6:00 PM No

Feedbacks deadline for the individuals parts

23 March 14Sunday

7 6:00 PM No

Second version of the different parts of the Research Report

26 March 14Wednesday

8 6:00 PM No

Excursion of groups 3 and 4

27 March 2014Thursday

8 8:30 – 17:00 ?

Putting all the documentstogether

29 March 14Saturday

8 12:00 PM No

Last feedbacks of the entire document

29 March 14Saturday

8 24:00 AM No

Last corrections

30 March 14Sunday

8 6:00 PM No

Research Report 31st March 2014Monday

9 12:00 Miranda van Dam

Group Report/ Archive

4th April 2014Friday

9 12:00 Miranda van Dam

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Chapter 5 Timeframe

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Chapter 6 Bibliography

Gemeente Volendam. (2013, 13 31). Cijfers en feiten. Retrieved 02 26, 2014, from Gemeente Volendam: http://nos.nl/audio/9535-wethouder-wil-wil-toeristen-naar-volendam.html

Hodes, S., Querl, B., & Geerdink, L. (2011). Quick scan toerisme Edam-Volendam. Amsterdam: LAGroup.

Steiner, C. J., & Reisinger, Y. (2006). Understanding existential authenticity. Elsevier , 33 (2), 299-318.

Ulinski, M. (2011, 04 20). Cultural Sensitivity, Frontstage vs Backstage. Retrieved 02 27, 2014, from Outbound with Matt Ulinski: http://mattulinski.wordpress.com/2011/04/20/cultural-sensitivity-frontstage-vs-backstage/

Volendamse Klederdracht. (n.d.). Retrieved 02 26, 2014, from Palingsoap: http://www.palingsoap.com/volendam_klederdracht.html

Runderkamp, W. (Performer). (2008). Wethouder wil toeristen naar Volendam. Volendam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands.

Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis, Adrian Thornhill. (2009) Research methods for business students (5th edition)

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Appendix

Appendixes 1 In depth interview preparation sheet

Based on our objective, main question and sub questions, we have made up a list of questions we can ask the local entrepreneurs of Volendam. Beside, our project group searched on the Internet to look up some possible entrepreneurs to be interviewed. This can all be found in this appendixes.

List of questions we can ask the local entrepreneurs

- What does, according to you, authenticity mean?

- What do you, as a local entrepreneur, know about the traditions of Volendam?

- Do they wear costumes themselves?

- Is the local community involved in the traditions of Volendam?

- Are the traditions of Volendam authentic?

- When did those traditions start?

- Should the traditions still be present in the community?

- Is it right to use the traditions in a touristic way?

- What is the impact of the traditions on the Tourism of Volendam?

- Where do you see possible future improvements in using authenticity in tourism?

- Where do you see possible future deteriorations in using authenticity in tourism?

- Were there any improvements in the last years, regarding the authenticity?

- Were there any deteriorations in the last years, regarding the authenticity?

- Do you think it is necessary to maintain the authenticity of Volendam?

- What actions should be taken to improve or maintain the authenticity?

- How do you think the tourism develop in these years in Volendam compared to your own business?

- What is the reason you think tourists come to Volendam?

- Which are your most popular tourism activities in Volendam?

- What to do thinkabout the relationship between the locals and the tourists?

- How do you deal with the low season of the year?

- How do you attract the tourists from Dutch/ international?

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Appendix 2 Possible entrepreneurs to be interviewed

Tourist centers:- http://hollandtour.org/volendam-tourist-information-center-volendam.html - http://www.vvv-volendam.nl/nl/

Fishing companies, restaurants and cafés:- http://www.smitbokkum.nl/ - http://www.volendamtoer.nl/panoramas/d/de-vissers-van-oud-volendam#41044|-166.140|

2.340|80.0|52.492949|5.075426- http://www.cafededijk.nl/ - http://www.cafemotje.nl/ - http://www.eet.nu/volendam

Hotels:- http://www.olddutch.nl/ - http://www.hotelspaander.nl/ - http://www.roompot.nl/vakantieparken/nederland/noord-holland/marinapark-volendam/ - http://www.booking.com/hotel/nl/dv-groep-bed-breakfast.nl.html

Stichting Tourist Promotion Volendam:- http://www.dagjevolendam.nl/ - http://www.volendamsmuseum.nl/ - http://www.cheesefactoryvolendam.com/ - http://www.volendamevents.com/ - http://www.edam-volendam.nl/

Miscellaneous:- http://www.markenexpress.nl/ - http://www.fotostudiokissfish.nl/ - http://www.vvv-volendam.nl/nl/activiteiten/foto-in-kostuum/fotoshop-volendam1/ - http://www.vvv-volendam.nl/nl/shoppen/souvenir-giftshops/

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