Technical Analysis of Solar and Biomass Hybrid System 1Jainendra Kumar, 2Priyal Singhal ,3Raviraj Kumar ,4Shivangi Aggarwal ,5Urvashi Sharma 1,2,3,4,5 Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering College of engineering Roorkee, Roorkee Uttarakhand, India

1 onlyjainendrakr@gmail.com, 2 priyalsinghal2094@gmail.com, 3 raviraj4445@gmail.com, 4 ashiv2509@gmail.com , 5 urvashisharma.uk95@gmail.com

6 Mr. Ashutosh Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering College of engineering Roorkee, roorkee Uttarakhand, India ashutiet@gmail.com

Abstract— Today, when countries are after discovering technologies for utilizing the every available source of energy provided by nature around us, the optimization of the available technologies which use renewable energy is also at pace. Such an initiation is taken to optimize a hybrid renewable energy system utilizing solar energy and biomass energy in College Of Engineering Roorkee campus to fulfill the daily power supply requirements. This paper presents two important aspects; one is the results of a computer simulation program of the solar-PV system with battery storage, using MATLAB, which helps in determining the different components size and observing the system performance; the other aspect is to provide the results of techno-economic analysis of the hybrid energy system (Solar + Bio-mass) in College Of Engineering Roorkee campus in Roorkee region. The aim of this research paper is to provide a reliable hybrid energy system utilizing the available renewable energy sources in the campus for providing daily load requirements at the lowest energy cost.

Key words: optimization, hybrid renewable energy system, simulation, solar-PV, MATLAB, techno-economic analysis.

I. INTRODUCTION

In India over 200 million people live in rural areas far away from the grid. The installation and distribution costs are considerably higher for remote area which is one of the hindrances in the way of connecting rural India to grid. In this situation standalone renewable energy systems can give an effective solution. The idea behind this hybrid system (solar+ biomass) will help in the analysis of the only system which can be widely utilized as a standalone renewable energy system, say, in Uttarakhand which is home to almost 15000 villages as, sun radiations and biomass is available in plenty throughout the year.

The research is based on the availability of the plenty of renewable energy in the College Of Engineering Roorkee, Roorkee campus. The open wide campus land and idle terrace of all buildings is a good source of trapping the maximum amount of solar radiations. Also, the waste generated daily from the mess and the college café is a good source of biomass energy. These facts are behind taking only these two sources of renewable energy, solar energy and biomass energy, which are available in plenty in the campus. This sum up to the idea of utilizing a hybrid system (solar + biomass) in which the solar

PV system (with battery storage) can be used during day hours and during night hours or during cloudy weather the biomass energy system or the energy stored in battery can be used. The next important key approach is made to optimize the hybrid energy system which is done by taking techno-economic approach. The analysis involved the required data collection of the campus, load calculation, analysis of the components involved in the simulation

performed. The simulation presents the virtual model of the solar-PV system using MATLAB software. The results of the simulation and the calculated load are displayed in the paper.

The optimization of a PV system means that the system parameters such as number of PV modules, capacity of storage battery, capacity of inverter, and PV array tilt angle must be selected optimally. In addition, diesel generator capacity must be optimized

in this case of hybrid (Solar-PV + Biomass) system. Moreover, the optimization term includes the electronic features that maximize the yield of these systems such as sun trackers, MPPT, and smart inverters.[1]

II. PV CELL TYPEThe different solar cells studied are as follows:- Crystalline Silicon Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Thin-Film

The silicon used in PV takes many forms. The main difference is the purity of the silicon. Here, silicon purity means that the more perfectly aligned silicon molecules are, the better the solar cell will be at converting solar energy (sunlight) into electricity (the photoelectric effect).Thin film solar cells further include amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium selenide (CIS/CIGS).A solar module is selected on the basis of the efficiency of the module. The comparison of different PV cell types is tabulated below:-

Fig1 –Comparison of Solar cell types [2]

III. INVERTER

The efficiency of the inverter drives the efficiency of a solar panel system because inverters convert Direct Current (DC) (as produced by the solar panels), into Alternating Current (AC) (as used by the electric grid). This leads many to wonder what effect over-sizing or under-sizing an inverter will have on overall system efficiency. Similar to any other component in the solar power system, the inverter has an optimal operational window within which it performs at its most efficient point. With respect to the graph shown

in Figure2, where the red-line represents an average inverter efficiency and the green arrow suggests the size of power output from solar panels, the grey box becomes the operational window of the inverter

based on the input from the solar panel and the predetermined inverter efficiency.

Fig 2 - Inverter Efficiency Profile [4]

IV. CALCULATION

Design Results:

(i) Design of PV Panel:

Total load = 300KWePeriod of operation or duration = 8 HoursThen, Total Watt-Hour = 300×8=2400KWhrThe period of the solar panel exposed to the sun = 8 Hours (Averagely between 9am and 5pm)Taking number of solar panels of 250W to be arranged in parallel to achieve 300kW, the number of solar panels required will be:No. of panel= 300kW/250W=1200 panels

(a) Charging Controllers:

For the design of 300kW solar power, P=VIWhere,I is the expected charging current andV is the voltage of the battery and = 13.5 VP is the power supply rating= 300kWSunshine hours available per day= 8 hrs Maximum units generated by PV-module = 300 X 8

=2400This concludes that minimum 1600KWh can be distributed directly without storing & only remaining 800KWh is to be stored in the battery banks.Hence I = P/V= 800k/13.5=Amps.

Since the value 5KA charging controller is needed to charge the battery banks.

(b) Battery capacity:

Watt-hour capacity = 800 kWhNow the choice of battery hour depends on A-H rating of the storage battery. For example, for 300Ah,12V battery the number of batteries that will be needed is 8,00,000/(13.5 X 300)=198 batteries. Hence, for this design and to avoid too much weight and occupying unnecessary space, 198 batteries will be needed.

(c) Inverter:

Since the total load is 100KWh it is advisable to size the required inverter to be 20KW as designed forsolar panel ratings. (ii) Biomass power plant:

(a) Biomass resource availability:

In COER the biomass availability is 800 kg/day.

(b) Plant rating:

Here we are installing the power plant is 100 KWe and we are connecting to the synchronous generator, Economic Consideration:

Biogas power plant:Table1 : Summary of biomass gasifier plant

Plant capacity 10 kWCost of installation Rs. 50,00,000 Maintenance cost Rs.10,0000 Operation hours 12 hrsFuel efficiency 2 kg of crop residue/kWhCost of fuel Rs. 0.30/kg ($6.7/t)Operating period 20 years

Table2 : Summary of Solar PV power plant[x]

Plant capacity 15 kWCost of installation Rs.35,000,000 Maintenance cost 35,350,000Operation hours 8 hrs.Operating period 15 years

Hybrid system cost:

Biomass:

Total installation cost of biomass = Rs 50,00,000maintenance cost of the biomass plant = 2 % of the installation costtotal cost(installation and maintenance) of the plant = 50,00,000 + (0.02 X 50,00,000) =Rs.51,00,000Operating years = 20 yearsPer day we can generate = 1200 unitsSo, per unit cost = 51,00,000/(20 X 1200 X 365) = Rs 0.582.Total cost per unit generation = Installation and maintenance costs + operation cost= 0.582 + 1.39 = Rs 1.972.

Solar:

Total installation cost = 175 X 200,000 = 35,000,000. (per watt installation cost is Rs.175)Maintenance cost of the solar PV plant = 1 % of the installation cost = 35,000,000 + (0.04 X 35,000,000) = Rs.353, 500,00Operating years = 15 years.Per day we can generate = 1600 units.Per unit cost = 353, 500, 00/ (15 X 365 X 1600)

=Rs 4.03

Hybrid:

Per unit cost from hybrid system = (24000 X 1.972 + 24000 X 4.03)/ (24000 + 24000)= Rs 3.001Through hybrid energy system, per unit generation and distribution cost is not beyond Rs 4.But through main grid connection per unit tariff is minimum Rs5.50.So, through hybrid energy system, the cost of generation is also less as compared with the conventional energy.

Carbon Reduction Potential:

Co2 emission from biomass per unit generation = 6 g/kWh

Co2 emission from solar PV plant per unit generation =68 g/kWh

Per day generated power from biomass = 1200 X 365= 43,8000 kWh

Per year generated power from solar PV plant = 1600 X 365 = 584,000 kWh

Carbon emission from solar PV plant per year= 584000 X 0.067 = 39128 kg = 39.128 tons/year = 39.128 carbon credits

Carbon emission from biomass plant per year = 43,8000 X 0.006 = 2628 kg = 2.628 tons/year = 2.628 carbon credits

From total hybrid system, the carbon emitted per year= 39.128 + 2.628 = 41.756 tons/year

If the same energy is generated through conventional (coal), then carbon emitted per year

= 1.5*(43,8000+584000)= 1533 tons/year [3]

V. CONCLUSION

Expanding biomass energy to a scale capable of impacting the global emissions of greenhouse gases will require improvements in the growth of feedstock as well as the efficiency of conversion pathways. The majority of the losses in current biomass energy systems are due to the relatively inefficient photosynthesis process, the high energy requirements of plant processes that support the growth and development of plants, and industrial energy inputs during cultivation and processing. Engineering plants to more efficiently produce photosynthetic or microorganisms to directly produce other energy carriers such as hydrogen could relax many of the barriers associated with

land, water, and nutrient requirements. Biological conversion processes promise efficiencies higher than thermochemical conversion, but require research to improve microorganisms and molecular level biological processes. Advances in understanding of genetics and biological conversion processes at the molecular level will allow more control over the efficiency and economics of these pathways. Biomass energy has the potential to make a significant contribution to a carbon constrained energy future, but technological advances will be required to overcome the low energy densities and conversion efficiencies characterizing present and historical utilization.

Hence availability of the less biomass calorific value content we cannot use the biogas, the generation of the energy for whole campus to fulfill the load requirement we proceed with the hybrid of solar and biomass.

REFERENCES [1]Source-(http://www.solarchoice.net.au/blog/wp-content/uploads/Inverter-Efficiency-Profile.jpg)

[2]Chart-(http://energyinformative.org/solar-cell-comparison-chart-mono-polycrystalline-thin-film/)

[3] Hybrid Solar PV And Biomass System For Rural ElectrificationKavali Janardhan, Tulika Srivastava, Guddy Satpathy, K. Sudhakar*[4] Source-(http://www.solarchoice.net.au/blog/wp-content/uploads/Inverter-Efficiency-Profile.jpg

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