Research method in operations management final

RESEARCH METHOD IN OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

GROUP 7 PRESENTS :

Lingga Wardhana (11P2155) M Farhan Lucky (11P2156) Novita Vilianty (11P2160) Prasasti Rinta Dewi (11P2161)

RESEARCH FLOW CHART

Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Business Problem Theory

ModelHypothesis

Methodology

Conclusion

Business Impact

“Before doing your research I want to share my dogmas. Methodology is there to make it credible to the reader that

you have planned and carried through your study as well as analysed and drawn conclusions in a way that we can rely on

what you write.”

Professor Christer Karlsson

OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH METHOD IN OPERATIONS

MANAGEMENT


Survey Research


The collection of information from individuals about themselves or about the social units to which they belong (Rossi et al., 1983)

Exploratory survey research:Early stages of research into a phenomenon to gain preliminary insight on a topic, and provides the basis for more in-depth survey.

Confirmatory (or theory testing or explanatory) survey researchKnowledge of a phenomenon has been articulated in a theoretical form using well-defined concepts, models and propositions.

Descriptive survey researchUnderstanding the relevance of a certain phenomenon and describing the distribution of the phenomenon in a population.


SURVEYS

Advantages & Disadvantages of

Using Surveys


Advantages : Disadvantages :

a. Relatively short period of

time

b. Less expensive

c. Created quickly &

administered easily

d. Wide range of things :

personal facts, attitudes,

past behaviors and

opinions

a. Poor survey can undermine

otherwise well-designed

studies.

b. May be not accurate

depend on participant feels

c. Response rates can bias in

random sampling

Mail - An example might include an alumni survey distributed via direct mail by your almamater.

Telephone - An example of a telephone survey would be a market research call about your experiences with a certain consumer product.

Online - Online surveys might focus on your experience with a particular retailer, product or website.

At home interviews - The U.S. Census is a good example of an at-home interview survey administration.

Types of Survey Data Collection


Case Research


Exploration: To build new theory

Theory Building: To identify linkage between variables, to find out “why” the relationships exist

Theory Testing: Testing theories in previous stage to predict future outcomes

Theory extension/refinement: To better structure the theories in light of the observed results


Case Research Purpose

When to use case research : when researcher wants to seek phenomenon happen in the past or current with primary or secondary data mining

Developing the research framework, construct, and questions : Building a conceptual framework will force the researcher to think carefully and selectively about the construct and variables to be included in study

Choosing cases : What is the ideal number of cases, longitudinal or retrospectives cases, case selection and sampling, sample controls

Developing research instruments and protocols : broad open ended questions for interviews, single or multiple respondents and viewpoints


Steps to Conduct Case Research

Conducting the field research : who to contact: better be senior in organizations for easy access to information, field data collection: usage of different methods to study same phenomenon, conducting interviews, single or multiple investigators, collecting objective data, administering questionnaires, recording the data, seeking convergence and clarification, determining sequence (cause and effects), challenges of observers bias, when to stop, summary.

Data documentation and coding : Documentations, coding

Data analysis, hypotesis development and testing : Analysis data within cases , hypothesis development and testing, shaping hypotheses, testing hypotheses, enfolding literature


Steps to Conduct Case Research

Reliability and Validity in Case Research

Construct Validity : establishment of correct operational measures for the concept being studied

Discriminant Validity : If the construct as measured can be differentiated from other construct

Internal Validity: The extent to which we can establish a causal relationship, where by certain condition are shown to lead to other conditions, as distinguished from spurious relationship

External Validity: Knowing whether a study’s finding can be generalized beyond the immediate case study

Reliability: The extend to which a study’s operations can be repeated, with the same result


Reliability and Validity in Case Research

Action Research



An interactive inquiry process that balances problem solving actions

implemented in a collaborative context with data-driven collaborative analysis or

research to understand underlying causes enabling future predictions about personal

and organizational change

Action Research


Contrast between Positivist Science & Action Research

Positivist Science Action Research

Aim of research Universal knowledge, theory building and testing

Knowledge in action, Theory building and testing in action

Type of knowledge acquired Universal Covering law ParticularSituational, Praxis

Nature of data Context free Contextually embedded

Validation Logic, measurement Consistency of prediction and control

Experiential

Researcher's role Observer ActorAgent of change

Researcher's relationship to setting

Detached neutral Immersed


Action Research


Major Characteristics in Action Research1. Action researchers take action2. AR always involves two goals : solve a problem and

contribute to science3. AR is interactive : the researchers and personnel co-

operation4. AR needs holistic understanding5. AR is fundamentally about change6. AR requires an understanding of the ethical framework7. AR can include all types of data gathering methods

(Qualitative, Quantitative, Interviews and Surveys)8. AR requires a breadth of pre-undersatnding 9. AR should be conducted in real time10.The AR paradigm requires its own quality criteria


Action Research VS Consulting1. Consultant in AR mode required to be more rigorous in their inquiry

and documentation 2. Researchers require theoretical justifications, while consultants

require empirical justifications3. Consultant work under tighter time and budget constraints4. Consultation is frequently linear - engage, analyse, act and disengage

In contrast, AR is cyclical

Modelling and Simulation


History of quantitative model-based OM research For teaching purpose problem in real life were simplified and

formulated, we call it idealized problems e.g. inventory control problems, sequencing and scheduling problems, routing problems, statistical quality control problems and maintenance problem

Idealized Problem Imperfection :• Not the complete reality is included • Cannot be considered as predictive scientific models of operational

processes


Overview of OM research methodologies using quantitative modeling


Quantitative Model Research : Survey Research : a. Rational knowledge generation approachb. Based on the assumption that we can build

objective model from real life operational processes

c. Relationship between the variables are described as causal

d. Models can be used to predict the future state

a. Variables is not always defined explicitlyb. Relationship between the variables is not

causal and not quantitative

Axiomatic Modeling Research : Empirical Modeling Research: a. Driven by idealized model (normative

research) b. Explain about the behaviour of certains

variables in the modelsc. Explain about how to manipulate certains

variables in the modelsd. Assuming desired behaviour of still other

variables in the modelse. Heavily leans on mathematics, statistics

and computer science

a. Driven by empirical findings and measurements (descriptive and normative research)

b. Creating a model that adequately describes the causal relationships that may exist in reality

Review of relevant methodological literature


Conceptaulization : design variables in the model Modeling : defining relationships between the variables Model Solving Implementation

Conclusion

Please just doing your thesis! And get graduated


Research method in operations management final

Technology

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