Research Instruments
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Planning a Research Design
Identifying Appropriate Measurement Instruments
-Jonalie Eridao
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Research Instruments
-use to gather or collect data or information.
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Most Commonly Used Research Instruments
QuestionnaireInterviewChecklist Observation
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QUESTIONNAIRE
The most common instrument or tool of research for obtaining the data
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Two Forms of Questionnaire
Closed formOpen form
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Closed Form
It has a fixed number of questions and a limited choice of answers. The respondents should choose one or more suitable answers.
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Open Form
It consists a number of questions. The answers are in the form of essay and the content may vary depending on the respondents.
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Guidelines in Using the Questionnaire
Clarity of language Singleness of purpose Relevant to the objective of the
study
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Advantages/ Disadvantages
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INTERVIEW
It is a sense of an oral questionnaire. Instead of writing the response, the interviewee gives the needed information orally and face-to-face.
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Types of Interview
StructuredSemi-structuredUnstructured
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Structured Interview
It has a fixed number of questions and limited choice of answers. It's like a structured questionnaire, but the questions are spoken by the researcher to the respondents.
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Semi-Structured Interview
It has a few questions as guidelines, and can be added when necessary.
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Unstructured Interview
There are no questions at all in the beginning. The researcher determines the questions after immersing in the field for some time. The things to be asked will appear after the immersion.
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CHECKLIST
The simplest of the devices, consists of a prepared list of items. The presence or absence of the item may be indicated by inserting the appropriate word or number.
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OBSERVATION
Perceiving data through the senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch.
Most direct way used in studying individual behavior.
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Types of Observation
ParticipatoryNon-participatory
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Participatory Observation
The researcher participates in the activities of the subjects.
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Non-participatory Observation
The researcher does not participate in the activities of the subjects