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Research in Womens Health

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Outline

What is Research?

Research in Ethiopia

Research in Womens Health Opportunities and challenges

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Research

Research is a quest for knowledge through

diligent search or investigation or

experimentation aimed at the discovery and

interpretation of new knowledge.

Scientific method is a systematic body of

procedures and techniques applied in carrying

out investigation or experimentation targeted

at obtaining new knowledge.

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Categories of research

Empirical and theoretical research

(philosophical)

Quantitative versus qualitative research Basic and applied (functional)

Health research triangle

Biomedical

health services

behavioral

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Studydesign

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Health Research in Ethiopia

Health is a fundamental prerequisite to

human development.

Evidence based strategies for effective healthinterventions emanate from a representative,

ethical and rigorously conducted health

research.

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Health contd

Health research undertakings

Researchers

research fu

nders and researchu

sers the presence of detailed laws and regulations

conducive for undertaking health research

History of health research in Ethiopia spans

nearly seven decades.

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Health contd

The number of health researchers, research

institutes and volume of research output so

far is small.

Detailed laws and regulations pertaining to

health research are not enacted and

governance of health research is not clearly

articulated.

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Research in Womens Health in Ethiopia

health problems for Ethiopias women: harmful cultural practices

shortages of health workers

resource constraints

low rates of literacy

the worlds lowest sexual and RH indicators. The MMR is 671 per 100 000 live births

fertility rate: of the highest in the world

modern contraceptive use is only about 14%.

One out of every 27 women dies during child birth

only 28% of women receiving ANC

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Research in contd

The HSDP addresses issues such aswomen's maternal health, HIV/AIDS, and malaria.

Several components of the program target women:

establishment of women's affairs departments inthe health service

awareness-raising on gender issues within health

workers

increasing the utilization of health services bywomen.

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Research contd

But The MOH allocations for women-specificissues are also small and have decreased over

the past three years.

The expansion and strengthening ofwomen's affairs program amounted to 0.01%

of the entire 2008/09 health budget.

Family planning and reprodu

ctive healthprograms attracted a larger share, around 10%

of the total health budget.

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Research contd

More precise knowledge about womens

health is vital for Ethiopia as a whole

The key for developing an endogenou

s health-care system is to twin research with the

practice

practice generates new understandings

the understanding leads to new practices

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Research contd

the contributory role of formal health services

to the poor national status of maternal and

neonatal health

a pool of literature exists highlighting the

inadequacy of health systems and infrastructure,

including the lack of skilled health care providers.

However, there is less available informationfrom the users of the health system.

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Opportunities

The Sustainable Development and poverty ReductionProgram (SDPRP)

The quest for Good Governance and Decentralization

Comprehensiveness of the HSDP

Health Service Extension Program

Expansion of Training institutions

Growing Size of the Private Sector

CapacityBu

ilding strategy and program Utilize the HIV/AIDS Fund

Supporting policies for MCH service

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Global Health Initiative

Vision: Maternal Health: Save approximately360,000 womens lives by reducing maternalmortality by 30 percent across assisted countries

Principle: Implementing a woman- and girl-centered approach

Conducting implementation research to provide alocal and international evidence base to inform

decision-makers to develop policies andprograms that lead to broad sweeping publichealth improvement.

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UNGASS

A Joint Plan ofAction for Womens and

Childrens Health: Saving 16 million Lives

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Challenges contd

in order to understand the magnitude and

burden of disease, there is a need to move

beyond global estimates to counting every

pregnant woman, mother and newborn.

This requires solid M&E systems capable of

generating evidence for action.

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Challenges contd

Inadequate utilization of the data resulting

from the surveillance system

Insu

fficient dissemination of resu

lts torelevant agencies.

unidirectional data flows; poor supervision

and management, analysis and feedback,

resulting in low quality of routine MIS data.

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Challenges contd

1. health research values

Equity

Ethics

2. Research Environment

Globalization

Inadequate resources

Research culture

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Challenges contd

3. Sustainable Health Research Systems

Plurality of stakeholders (governance)

Strengthening research capacity

Maintaining stable financing

4. Knowledge Production and Application

Knowledge application

Knowledge as public good

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References

1. Mahmoud F.Fathalla.A Practical Guide for Health Researchers.2004. WHO

2. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. HEALTH RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.AGuide for Training inResearch Methods.Second Edition.RegionalOffice for the Western Pacific. Manila, 2001

3. Implementation of the Global Health Initiative: Consultation Document. Washington DC, 2010.

4. A Joint Plan of Action for Womens and Childrens Health: Saving 16 million Lives. Note onSecuring Commitment and Pledges to the Joint Plan of Action at the Country-Level. New York,September 2010.

5. Monitoring and Evaluation of Maternal and Newborn Health and Services at the District Level:Technical Consultation Meeting Report. 58 December 2006. Department of Making PregnancySafer. World Health Organization

6. Evaluation Report of the Making Pregnancy Safer Strategy in Ethiopia. Family Health DepartmentFederal Ministry of Health. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia January/2005

7. Victoria Rumbold, Charlotte Warren andYared Amare.FINAL REPORTON THE SAFEMOTHERHOODCOMMUNITY-BASEDSURVEY, ETHIOPIA.

8. Wairagala Wakabi. Research collaboration boosts womens health in Ethiopia. the Lancet. 372

(1)20089. WHO.Strategies for Health Research System Development in South East Asia Region.The Fifth

Fourth regional Committee ofSouth East Asia Region. Provision Agenda item 5.28August,2001

10. Gaym A. Health research in Ethiopia--past,present and suggestions on the way forward.EthiopMed J. 2008 Jul;46(3):287-308.

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